51
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhong M, Wang S, Xu Q, Cho DH, Qiu H. A novel off-on fluorescent probe for specific detection and imaging of cysteine in live cells and in vivo. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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52
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Wei XZ, Fu YL, Xue MJ, Song QH. Synthesis of Oxadiazolones with Hydrazides: The Mechanism and the Sensing Application as Sensitive, Rapid, and Visual Fluorescent Sensors for Phosgene. Org Lett 2019; 21:9497-9501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Long Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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53
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Tillo A, Bartelmess J, Chauhan VP, Bell J, Rurack K. Microfluidic Device for the Determination of Water Chlorination Levels Combining a Fluorescent meso-Enamine Boron Dipyrromethene Probe and a Microhydrocyclone for Gas Bubble Separation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12980-12987. [PMID: 31525031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination procedures are commonly applied in swimming pool water and wastewater treatment, yet also in food, pharmaceutical, and paper production. The amount of chlorine in water needs to be strictly controlled to ensure efficient killing of pathogens but avoid the induction of negative health effects. Miniaturized microfluidic fluorescence sensors are an appealing approach here when aiming at online or at-site measurements. Two meso-enamine-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes were found to exhibit favorable indication properties, their reaction with hypochlorite leading to strong fluorescence enhancement. Real-time assays became possible after integration of these fluorescent probes with designed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chips, incorporating a passive sinusoidal mixer and a microhydrocyclone, respectively. A comparison of the two microfluidic systems, including their abilities to prevent accumulation or circulation of microbubbles produced by the chemical indication reaction, showed excellent fluidic behavior for the microhydrocyclone-based device. After coupling to a miniaturized optical reader for fluorescence detection, the 2D microfluidic system showed a promising detection range of 0.04-0.5 mg L-1 while still being prone to bubble-induced fluctuations and suffering from considerably low signal gain. The microhydrocyclone-based system was distinctly more robust against gas bubbles, showed a higher signal gain, and allowed us to halve the limit of detection to 0.02 mg L-1. The use of the 3D system to quantify the chlorine content of swimming pool water samples for sensitive and quantitative chlorine monitoring was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tillo
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Grunwaldzka 6 , 60-780 Poznan , Poland
| | - Juergen Bartelmess
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Vraj P Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , 721302 , West Bengal , India
| | - Jérémy Bell
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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54
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Sun J, Chen N, Chen X, Zhang Q, Gao F. Two-Photon Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Glutathione Sensing and Imaging in Living Cells and Zebrafish Using a Semiconducting Polymer Dots Hybrid with Dopamine and β-Cyclodextrin. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12414-12421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People’s Republic of China
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55
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Gao J, Tao Y, Zhang J, Wang N, Ji X, He J, Si Y, Zhao W. Development of Lysosome-Targeted Fluorescent Probes for Cys by Regulating the Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Molecular Structure. Chemistry 2019; 25:11246-11256. [PMID: 31210399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous discovery suggested that substituents on the 1,7 positions delicately modulate the sensing ability of the meso-arylmercapto boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to biothiols. In this work, the impact of delicate modulations on the sensing ability is investigated. Therefore, 1,7-dimethyl, 3,5-diaryl substituted BODIPY is designed and developed and its conformationally restricted species with a meso-arylmercapto moiety (DM-BDP-SAr and DM-BDP-R-SAr) as selective fluorescent probes for Cys. Moreover, the lysosome-target probes (Lyso-S and Lyso-D) based on DM-BDP-SAr carrying one or two morpholinoethoxy moieties were developed. They were able to detect Cys selectively in vitro with low detection limits. Both Lyso-S and Lyso-D localized nicely in lysosomes in living HeLa cells and exhibited red fluorescence for Cys. Moreover, a novel fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed from the calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The probes may go through intersystem crossing (from singlet excited state to triplet excited state) to result in fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jinling He
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450006, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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56
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Zhu H, Liu C, Yuan R, Wang R, Zhang H, Li Z, Jia P, Zhu B, Sheng W. A simple highly specific fluorescent probe for simultaneous discrimination of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione/hydrogen sulfide in living cells and zebrafish using two separated fluorescence channels under single wavelength excitation. Analyst 2019; 144:4258-4265. [PMID: 31215916 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are widely found in mammalian cells. They are closely related to the production and metabolic pathways and play very important roles in physiological and pathological activities. Therefore, the quantitative detection of these biothiols is of great significance. Although many fluorescent probes have been successfully used to track biothiols in biological samples, the fluorescence method for simultaneously detecting these biothiols using separated fluorescence emission channels under single wavelength excitation is still immature. In this work, we prepared the conjugate of seminaphthorhodafluor (SNARF) dye and 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) using as a simple long-wavelength fluorescent probe SNARF-NBD for specific detection of biothiols. Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S were identified by two separated fluorescence emission channels under single wavelength excitation, which showed good selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, SNARF-NBD has low cytotoxicity and shows good imaging ability in living cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Ruifang Yuan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Ruikang Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Hanming Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Zilu Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Pan Jia
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
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57
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Dai Y, Xue T, Zhang X, Misal S, Ji H, Qi Z. A novel probe for colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescence detection of cysteine in aqueous solution, cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:365-374. [PMID: 30921659 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine(Cys) is tightly related to physiological and pathological of human, and the imbalance of concentration of cysteine in the intracellular are associated with many diseases. Here, a novel NIR fluorescent probe TCF-Cys was designed and synthesized, and both the optimal excitation and emission wavelength of them were between 650 and 900 nm, that within the "optical window" of biological tissues. In aqueous solution, TCF-Cys, which with an acrylate extremity as a recognizing unit, exhibited excellent "turn-on" fluorescence response for Cys superior to other amino acids and thiols with a limit of detection of 0.1323 μM. Moreover, as an excellent naked-eye colorimetric indicator, TCF-Cys could effectively distinguishing the Cys, Hcy and GSH in aqueous solution through color change. Then, the response mechanism of TCF-Cys for Cys was revealed by TLC, 1H NMR, HPLC, HRMS and DFT calculation. Finally, TCF-Cys was successfully employed to fluorescence specifically map of exogenous and endogenous Cys in living cells and zebrafish with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Dai
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Tianzi Xue
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Xiuxuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Saima Misal
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Hefang Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Qi
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China.
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58
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Fluorescent probe for sensitive discrimination of Hcy and Cys/GSH in living cells via dual-emission. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1074:123-130. [PMID: 31159932 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of Cys, Hcy and GSH are associated with various diseases, thus monitoring biothiols is of great significance. In this work, a dual-emission responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe NIR-NBD for detecting Hcy and Cys/GSH was developed based on the conjugation of a dicyanoisophorone based fluorophore (NIR-OH) and 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD). To our surprise, the addition of Hcy induced significant fluorescence enhancement at both 549 and 697 nm; while Cys/GSH resulted in major fluorescence emission at 697 nm. The detection limit was determined to be 33.2 nM for Cys, 33.5 nM for Hcy, and 34.4 nM for GSH. Therefore, the probe can be used for discriminative detection of Hcy and Cys/GSH. Moreover, fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells indicated that the probe was cell membrane permeable and could be used for visualizing Hcy and Cys/GSH in living cells.
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59
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Zhang H, Chen J, Yang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Qiu H. Discriminative Detection of Glutathione in Cell Lysates Based on Oxidase-Like Activity of Magnetic Nanoporous Graphene. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5004-5010. [PMID: 30889954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant intracellular biothiol, glutathione (GSH) plays a central role in many cellular functions and has been proved to be associated with numerous clinical diseases. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to detect GSH over other mercaptoamino acids owing to their similar structures and activities. In this paper, magnetic nanoporous graphene (MNPG) nanocomposites were prepared for the first time through partial combustion of graphene oxide (GO) and ferric chloride. Due to the combination of porous graphene and magnetic nanoparticles, the MNPG nanocomposites exhibited large specific surface area, fast mass, and electron transport kinetics, resulting in remarkable oxidase mimic activity and easy separation. On the basis of the inhibition effect of GSH on the MNPG-catalyzed oxidation of thiamine, a novel and simple method for fluorescence determination of GSH was established. The sensor displayed a good linear response in the range of 0.2-20 μM toward GSH with a limit of detection of 0.05 μM. High sensitivity and selectivity facilitated its practical application for discriminative detection of GSH levels in PC12 cell lysates. The presented assay will be a simple and powerful tool to monitor intracellular GSH levels for biomedical diagnosis. Furthermore, the MNPG nanocomposites will provide insights to construct nanoporous graphene-based hybrids and push forward the advancement of porous graphene for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Yali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Zhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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60
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Liu G, Chen W, Xu Z, Ye F, Pan Y, Chen X, Liu SH, Zeng L, Yin J. Regulating glutathione-responsiveness of naphthalimide-based fluorescent probes by an oxidation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5517-5523. [PMID: 30027183 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01258j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two naphthalimide-based fluorescent probes containing a thiomorpholine (Np-NS) or a sulfoxide-morpholine (Np-NSO) component are reported. The morpholine unit of non-fluorescent Np-NS and Np-NSO can transform into sulphone-morpholine and be accompanied by blue fluorescence upon oxidative stress, ascribed to the formation of sulphone-morpholine on probes. This sensing behavior displays that they can selectively respond to glutathione to generate a green emission by a sulfonamide-based detection moiety both in vitro and in living cells. Interestingly, the different oxidation states of a sulphur atom on a thiomorpholine ring can be utilized to regulate responsiveness of these probes towards glutathione. Such an oxidation strategy would provide a possibility for enhancing the response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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61
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Chen T, Pei X, Yue Y, Huo F, Yin C. An enhanced fluorescence sensor for specific detection Cys over Hcy/GSH and its bioimaging in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 209:223-227. [PMID: 30412847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is not only the central matter of sulfur metabolism in cells but also the only amino acid with reduced thiol group in 20 kinds of natural amino acids. In animal cells, Cys is taking part in many important and essential biological functions including protein synthesis, detoxification and metabolism. The development and application of fluorescent probes for the detection of Cys have attracted more and more attention and interest. Herein, we report a new fluorescent probe NFA that utilized naphthyl carboxy fluorescein as fluorophore and acryloyl group as reaction site for Cys specific detection. The probe essentially has weak fluorescence. Cys addition to NFA containing system induced distinct enhanced fluorescence emission which was attributed to the nucleophilic reaction of cysteine and acryloyl to release the fluorophore. The signal fluorescent response detection system allows NFA to be a reliable tool for Cys detection with low detection limit (0.58 μM). And NFA has been successfully applied for Cys imaging specifically in live Hela cells, which promotes the probe as a potential tool to understand the pathology of Cys related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinggui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xueying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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62
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Wang N, Wang Y, Gao J, Ji X, He J, Zhang J, Zhao W. A ratiometric fluorescent BODIPY-based probe for rapid and highly sensitive detection of cysteine in human plasma. Analyst 2019; 143:5728-5735. [PMID: 30320848 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological thiols, especially low molecular weight thiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological systems. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis of diseases and evaluation of disease progression. Herein, we developed a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent 8-Cl BODIPY-based probe with high fluorescence quantum yields. The probe displayed a sensitive response to Cys and Hcy over other biothiols, which can be visualized colorimetrically and/or fluorescently. The probe was successfully applied to detect Cys in human plasma, demonstrating its great value for practical application in biological sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
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63
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Ji X, Lv M, Pan F, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang J, Zhao W. A dual-response fluorescent probe for the discrimination of cysteine from glutathione and homocysteine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:1-7. [PMID: 30077035 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive turn-on fluorescent BODIPY-based probe for the simultaneous and selective detection of Cys and Hcy/GSH from dual emission channels was developed. The spatial steric hindrance of the methyl groups at 1- and 7-positions in BODIPY skeleton prevented intramolecular displacement of sulfur with amino group of Hcy but not of Cys. GSH molecular skeleton is larger and amino is far away from sulfydryl group, and the product of the reaction of probe with GSH canstay in thiol phase. Therefore, the probe was successfully applied to the detection of Cys from GSH/Hcy. The confocal microscopy experiments implied that this probe is a promising candidate for imaging of Cys and Hcy/GSH in Hela cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Minghuan Lv
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Fuchao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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64
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Du Z, Zhang R, Song B, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu C, Xu ZP, Yuan J. Iridium(III) Complex‐Based Activatable Probe for Phosphorescent/Time‐Gated Luminescent Sensing and Imaging of Cysteine in Mitochondria of Live Cells and Animals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1498-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yong‐Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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65
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Yue Y, Huo F, Cheng F, Zhu X, Mafireyi T, Strongin RM, Yin C. Functional synthetic probes for selective targeting and multi-analyte detection and imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4155-4177. [PMID: 31204740 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the classical design of a probe with one binding site to target one specific analyte, probes with multiple interaction sites or, alternatively, with single sites promoting tandem reactions to target one or multiple analytes, have been developed. They have been used in addressing the inherent challenges of selective targeting in the presence of structurally similar compounds and in complex matrices, as well as the visualization of the in vivo interaction or crosstalk between the analytes. Examples of analytes include reactive sulfur species, reactive oxygen species, nucleotides and enzymes. This review focuses on recent innovations in probe design, detection mechanisms and the investigation of biological processes. The vision is to promote the ongoing development of fluorescent probes to enable deeper insight into the physiology of bioactive analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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66
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Liu D, Lv Y, Chen M, Cheng D, Song Z, Yuan L, Zhang X. A long wavelength emission two-photon fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of cysteine in living cells and an inflamed mouse model. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid and biothiol, cysteine (Cys) is highly important in many basic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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67
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Zhang H, Xu L, Chen W, Huang J, Huang C, Sheng J, Song X. Simultaneous Discrimination of Cysteine, Homocysteine, Glutathione, and H2S in Living Cells through a Multisignal Combination Strategy. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1904-1911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
| | - Chusheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratry of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
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68
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Niu H, Ni B, Chen K, Yang X, Cao W, Ye Y, Zhao Y. A long-wavelength-emitting fluorescent probe for simultaneous discrimination of H 2S/Cys/GSH and its bio-imaging applications. Talanta 2018; 196:145-152. [PMID: 30683344 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A long-wavelength fluorescent probe NR-CY was developed for simultaneous identification of cysteine/glutathione and sulphide by combining the derivative of Nile red with 7-nitrobenzofurazan. The response of NR-CY to thiols is regulated by intramolecular charge transfer and photoinduced electron transfer mechanisms. For sulphide at 560 nm, cysteine at 475 nm and glutathione at 425 nm, different absorbance increases can be observed. NR-CY can detect cysteine at fluorescence emission 543 nm and distinguish sulphide from other analytes by kinetic experiments at 636 nm. The probe showed a rapid response to these thiols (cysteine was 90 s and sulphide was 30 s). In addition, NR-CY has been successfully applied to live MCF-7 cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Niu
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bowen Ni
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yong Ye
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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69
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Lu Z, Lu Y, Fan C, Sun X, Zhang M, Lu Y. A two-separated-emission fluorescent probe for simultaneous discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH upon excitation of two different wavelengths. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:8221-8227. [PMID: 32254942 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to simultaneously discriminate two or three biothiols from each other due to their structural similarities as well as reactions sites. The development of multiple-signal fluorescent probes would be a promising way to overcome this issue. Herein, a two-separated-emission fluorescent probe for biothiols was developed based on the combination of nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) and phenanthroimidazole fluorophores linked by a facile ether bond. In the presence of Cys and Hcy, the probe in DMF-H2O demonstrates two separate fluorescence emissions at 480 and 550 nm upon excitation of two independent wavelengths. However, addition of GSH to the probe only leads to blue fluorescence at 480 nm. This difference can be reasonably ascribed to the fact that the NBD-GSH intermediate, unlike NBD-Cys/Hcy, cannot undergo an intramolecular cyclization-rearrangement reaction. The probe exhibits a rapid response with low limits of detection (14.7 nM for Cys, 14.4 nM for Hcy, and 13.4 nM for GSH) with large concentration ranges of 0-100 μM for Cys/Hcy and 0-200 μM for GSH. Furthermore, the probe is successfully applied to simultaneously distinguish endogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living HeLa cells and zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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70
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Wang N, Chen M, Gao J, Ji X, He J, Zhang J, Zhao W. A series of BODIPY-based probes for the detection of cysteine and homocysteine in living cells. Talanta 2018; 195:281-289. [PMID: 30625544 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys), are important biomarkers and play crucial roles in many physiological processes. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis of diseases and evaluation of disease progression. Herein, new types of BODIPY-based fluorescent probes (probe 1, probe 2 and probe 3) capable of cysteine (Cys)/homocysteine (Hcy) sensing with high selectivity over other amino acids were developed. In addition, we further studied the influence of different electronegativity substituents on these probes to sensing Cys/Hcy. Ultimately, we concluded that the electron withdrawing group on probe 1 can accelerate the probe response to Cys/Hcy, and probe 1 was successfully applied for selective imaging Cys/Hcy in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jinling He
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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71
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Gao J, Tao Y, Wang N, He J, Zhang J, Zhao W. BODIPY-based turn-on fluorescent probes for cysteine and homocysteine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:77-84. [PMID: 29860171 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) are interconnected and play essential roles in many biological processes. It is significant importance to detect these thiols for investigating their functions in cells and disease diagnosis. In this work, we have designed and synthesized two novel BODIPY-based turn-on fluorescent probes (BDP-Ph and BDP-R-Ph) carrying 4-methoxythiophenol moiety at meso position as good leaving group for highly selective detection of Cys and Hcy. Furthermore, the probes have been successfully applied to detect intracellular Cys and Hcy by fluorescent imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jinling He
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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72
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Yoon SA, Kim W, Sharma A, Verwilst P, Won M, Lee MH. A Fluorescent Cy7-Mercaptopyridine for the Selective Detection of Glutathione over Homocysteine and Cysteine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2897. [PMID: 30200477 PMCID: PMC6164685 DOI: 10.3390/s18092897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe 1 for the selective detection of GSH over Hcy and Cys under physiological conditions. Probe 1 was composed of Cy7 as a NIR dye and 2-mercaptopyridine as a GSH-reactive site and fluorescence quencher. In the presence of GSH, the 2-mercaptopyridine functionality of probe 1 was replaced by the thiolate group of GSH through a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a fluorescence increase at 818 nm. The probe was found to be highly selective for GSH over Hcy, Cys, and other tested potential interferants, including ROS and metal ions. In addition, probe 1 successfully displayed fluorescence changes in response to changing the GSH concentrations in MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of external agents i.e., N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; as GSH inducer) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; as GSH inhibitor). We envision that probe 1 will serve as a promising sensing tool for monitoring the changes of the GSH level and the understanding of the roles of GSH under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin A Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Wantae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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73
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Xu Z, Huang X, Han X, Wu D, Zhang B, Tan Y, Cao M, Liu SH, Yin J, Yoon J. A Visible and Near-Infrared, Dual-Channel Fluorescence-On Probe for Selectively Tracking Mitochondrial Glutathione. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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74
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Lee S, Li J, Zhou X, Yin J, Yoon J. Recent progress on the development of glutathione (GSH) selective fluorescent and colorimetric probes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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75
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Chen A, Peng X, Pan Z, Shao K, Wang J, Fan M. Visual Assay of Glutathione in Vegetables and Fruits Using Quantum Dot Ratiometric Hybrid Probes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6431-6438. [PMID: 29863863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future food safety monitoring with simple, fast, and visual methods has become increasingly important. Accordingly, this work was designed to construct a new-style dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent probe (CdSe@SiO2@CdTe) for visual assay of glutathione (GSH) with a "turn on" strategy. After adding Hg2+, the red fluorescence of the outer CdTe quantum dots (QDs) was quenched through both electron transfer and ion-binding processes. Upon the addition of GSH, the red fluorescence occurred again owing to the strong affinity between GSH and Hg2+, whereas the inner green fluorescence of CdSe QDs was unchanged, leading to a clearly recognizable fluorescence color change (from green to orange-red). In the concentration range from 0.1 to 10 μM, the relative fluorescence intensity ratios ( I619/ I535) showed an excellent linear correlation with the concentration of GSH, and the detection limit was as low as 42 nM under optimal conditions. Meanwhile, the ratiometric hybrid probes were successfully applied for direct visual sensing GSH in real vegetable and fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Xiao Peng
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Kang Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
- School of Energy Resources , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
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76
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Wang C, Dong B, Kong X, Zhang N, Song W, Lin W. A new xanthene-based two-photon fluorescent probe for the imaging of 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) in living cells. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:1048-1053. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
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77
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Gao PF, Mao YT, Yang T, Zou HY, Li YF, Huang CZ. Glutathione-driven Cu(i)-O 2 chemistry: a new light-up fluorescent assay for intracellular glutathione. Analyst 2018; 143:2486-2490. [PMID: 29750225 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides its widely known role as an endogenous antioxidant in scavenging free radicals, glutathione (GSH) can also play the role of prooxidant and promote CuO-induced formation of hydroxyl radicals to light up a fluorescent signal through Cu(i)-O2 chemistry without requiring additional H2O2. This approach is independent of the mechanisms of enzyme mimics, such as the well-known oxidase and peroxidase mimetics, providing a new method to simply and effectively analyze intracellular GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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78
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Yue Y, Huo F, Yue P, Meng X, Salamanca JC, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM, Yin C. In Situ Lysosomal Cysteine-Specific Targeting and Imaging during Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7018-7024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiangming Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - James C. Salamanca
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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79
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Chen S, Hou P, Wang J, Fu S, Liu L. A highly sensitive fluorescent probe based on the Michael addition mechanism with a large Stokes shift for cellular thiols imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4323-4330. [PMID: 29687249 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe IPY-MAL for thiols was developed based on imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine derivative, which was decorated with a maleimide group. The probe IPY-MAL showed a rapid response (30 s), high sensitivity and selectivity for thiols with a large Stokes shift (140 nm), which was triggered by the Michael addition reaction of thiols toward the C=C double bond of the maleimide group. Moreover, this probe IPY-MAL could quantitatively detect the concentrations of thiols ranging from 0 to 50 μM, and the detection limit was found to be as low as 28 nM. Cell imaging results indicated that the probe IPY-MAL could detect and visualize thiols in the living cells. Graphical abstract A novel imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine-based fluorescent probe was developed for sensitively monitoring and imaging thiols in living A549 cells with a large Stokes shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Peng Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 Bukui Street, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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80
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Yin GX, Niu TT, Gan YB, Yu T, Yin P, Chen HM, Zhang YY, Li HT, Yao SZ. A Multi-signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine, Homocysteine, and Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4991-4994. [PMID: 29512245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn-on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108-, 128-, 30-fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ting-Ting Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Bing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hai-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - You-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shou-Zhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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81
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Yin GX, Niu TT, Gan YB, Yu T, Yin P, Chen HM, Zhang YY, Li HT, Yao SZ. A Multi-signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine, Homocysteine, and Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-xing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ting-ting Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province; Ningbo University; Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Ya-bing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Hai-min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province; Ningbo University; Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - You-yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Hai-tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
| | - Shou-zhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081 China
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82
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Naidu Bobba K, Won M, Shim I, Velusamy N, Yang Z, Qu J, Kim JS, Bhuniya S. A BODIPY-based two-photon fluorescent probe validates tyrosinase activity in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:11213-11216. [PMID: 28956555 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report rational design, synthesis, and application of a two-photon fluorescent probe (Tyro-1) for tracking intracellular tyrosinase activity. The chemoselective detection of tyrosinase is precluded from interference of other competitive omnipresent oxidizing entities in cellular milieu. The probe showed 12.5-fold fluorescence enhancement at λem = 450 nm in the presence of tyrosinase. The nontoxic probe Tyro-1 provides information about H2O2-mediated upregulation of tyrosinase through cellular imaging. Its two-photon imaging ability makes it a noninvasive tool for validating the expression of tyrosinase in the live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India.
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83
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Ren H, Zhou J, Dong X, Zhao W. A simple, water soluble flavone-based fluorescent probe for fast detection of Cys. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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84
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Mulay SV, Kim Y, Choi M, Lee DY, Choi J, Lee Y, Jon S, Churchill DG. Enhanced Doubly Activated Dual Emission Fluorescent Probes for Selective Imaging of Glutathione or Cysteine in Living Systems. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2648-2654. [PMID: 29359562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel fluorescent probes for monitoring the concentration of various biomolecules in living systems has great potential for eventual early diagnosis and disease intervention. Selective detection of competitive species in biological systems is a great challenge for the design and development of fluorescent probes. To improve on the design of fluorescent coumarin-based biothiol sensing technologies, we have developed herein an enhanced dual emission doubly activated system (DACP-1 and the closely related DACP-2) for the selective detection of glutathione (GSH) through the use of one optical channel and the detection of cysteine (Cys) by another channel. A phenylselenium group present at the 4-position completely quenches the fluorescence of the probe via photoinduced electron transfer to give a nonfluorescent species. Probes are selective for glutathione (GSH) in the red region and for cysteine/homocysteine (Cys/Hcy) in the green region. When they were treated with GSH, DACP-1 and DACP-2 showed strong fluorescence enhancement in comparison to that for closely related species such as amino acids, including Cys/Hcy. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) increased for the red channel (<0.001 to 0.52 (DACP-1) and 0.48 (DACP-2)) and green channel (Cys) (<0.001 to 0.030 (DACP-1) and 0.026 (DACP-2)), respectively. Competing fluorescent enhancements upon addition of closely related species were negligible. Fast responses, improved water solubility, and good cell membrane permeability were all properly established with the use of DACP-1 and DACP-2. Live human lung cancer cells and fibroblasts imaged by confocal microscopy, as well as live mice tumor model imaging, confirmed selective detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip V Mulay
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - David G Churchill
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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85
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Qiao D, Shen T, Zhu M, Liang X, Zhang L, Yin Z, Wang B, Shang L. A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for simultaneously distinguishing and sequentially detecting H2S and various thiol species in solution and in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13252-13255. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel dual-channel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe (NCR) was rationally designed for simultaneously distinguishing and sequentially sensing H2S, Cys/Hcy, and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Tangliang Shen
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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86
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Xu G, Tang Y, Lin W. A multi-signal fluorescent probe for the discrimination of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione and application in living cells and zebrafish. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A multi-signal fluorescent probe for the discrimination of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione was engineered in living cells by one-photon and two-photon modes and zebrafish by one-photon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoping Xu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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87
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen H, Wang L. Redox luminescence switch based on Mn 2+ -doped NaYF 4 :Yb,Er upconversion nanorods. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:138-144. [PMID: 28880436 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An redox luminescence switch was developed for the sensing of glutathione (GSH), l-cysteine (Cys) or l-ascorbic acid (AA) based on redox reaction. The Mn2+ -doped NaYF4 :Yb,Er upconversion nanorods (UCNRs) with an emission peak located in the red region were synthesized. The luminescence intensity of the UCNRs could be quenched due to the Mn2+ could be oxidized to MnO2 by KMnO4 . Subsequently, when the AA, GSH or Cys was added into the MnO2 modified upconversion nanosystem, which could reduced MnO2 to Mn2+ and the luminescence intensity was recovered. The concentration ranges of the nanosystem are 0.500-3.375 mM (R2 = 0.99) for AA, 0.6250-11.88 mM (R2 = 0.99) for GSH and 0.6250-9.375 mM (R2 = 0.99) for Cys, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
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88
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Lee D, Jeong K, Luo X, Kim G, Yang Y, Chen X, Kim S, Yoon J. Near-infrared fluorescent probes for the detection of glutathione and their application in the fluorescence imaging of living cells and tumor-bearing mice. J Mater Chem B 2017; 6:2541-2546. [PMID: 32254472 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two new cyanine-based fluorescent probes 1 and 2 have been developed. Probe 1 bears two cyanine units in a single molecule, and probe 2 contains a bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol moiety. Both are non-fluorescent. The addition of intracellular glutathione (GSH) significantly enhanced the NIR fluorescence of the two probes. Both probes were used to image varying amounts of GSH in living cells. In tumor bearing mice, the in vivo fluorescence intensity of both probes was higher in tumors, where GSH is overexpressed, than in normal tissues. These results suggest that these new fluorogenic probes have potential for GSH-targeting diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK21), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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89
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Pang L, Zhou Y, Gao W, Zhang J, Song H, Wang X, Wang Y, Peng X. Curcumin-Based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe for Detecting Cysteine in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Pang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Haohan Song
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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90
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Ye Z, Duan C, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Qin C, Zeng L. A dual-channel responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe for multicolour imaging of cysteine in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3600-3606. [PMID: 32264297 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant levels of cysteine (Cys) in living cells are closely related to some diseases; thus in situ visualization of intracellular Cys is very helpful for the investigation of physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we report a dual-channel responsive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe for multicolour imaging of Cys in living cells. The probe was constructed with a NIR BODIPY attached to 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) via an ether bond. Upon substitution of the ether with the nucleophilic thiolate of Cys, a NIR BODIPY fluorophore was released to produce a significant fluorescence-enhanced signal at 735 nm. Moreover, Cys induced an intramolecular rearrangement reaction on the electrophilic site of NBD, resulting in another emission band at 540 nm. This probe exhibited some favorable properties including a dual-channel response, high fluorescence brightness, good photostability, fast response, low detection limit (22 nM) and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied for multicolour imaging of Cys in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China.
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91
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Liu Z, Zhou X, Miao Y, Hu Y, Kwon N, Wu X, Yoon J. A Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Quantitative Monitoring of Cellular Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5812-5816. [PMID: 28371097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to monitor and quantify glutathione (GSH) in live cells is essential in order to gain a detailed understanding of GSH-related pathological events. However, owing to their irreversible response mechanisms, most existing fluorescent GSH probes are not suitable for this purpose. We have developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe (QG-1) for quantitatively monitoring cellular GSH. The probe responds specifically and reversibility to GSH with an ideal dissociation constant (Kd ) of 2.59 mm and a fast response time (t1/2 =5.82 s). We also demonstrate that QG-1 detection of GSH is feasible in a model protein system. QG-1 was found to have extremely low cytotoxicity and was applied to determine the GSH concentration in live HeLa cells (5.40±0.87 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
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92
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Liu Z, Zhou X, Miao Y, Hu Y, Kwon N, Wu X, Yoon J. A Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Quantitative Monitoring of Cellular Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; Research Centre for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; Yanbian University; Yanji 133-002 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; Research Centre for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; Yanbian University; Yanji 133-002 China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; Research Centre for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; Yanbian University; Yanji 133-002 China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; Research Centre for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; Yanbian University; Yanji 133-002 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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93
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Xia HC, Xu XH, Song QH. BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Sensor for the Recognization of Phosgene in Solutions and in Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4192-4197. [PMID: 28252931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a highly toxic and widely used chemical, phosgene has become a serious threat to humankind and public security because of its potential use by terrorists and unexpected release during industrial accidents. For this reason, it is an urgent need to develop facile, fast, and selective detection methods of phosgene. In this Article, we have constructed a highly selective fluorescent sensor o-Pab for phosgene with a BODIPY unit as a fluorophore and o-phenylenediamine as a reactive site. The sensor o-Pab exhibits rapid response (∼15 s) in both colorimetric and turn-on fluorescence modes, high selectivity for phosgene over nerve agent mimics and various acyl chlorides and a low detection limit (2.7 nM) in solutions. In contrast to most undistinguishable sensors reported, o-Pab can react with phosgene but not with its substitutes, triphosgene and biphosgene. The excellent discrimination of o-Pab has been demonstrated to be due to the difference in highly reactive and bifunctional phosgene relative to its substitutes. Furthermore, a facile testing paper has been fabricated with poly(ethylene oxide) immobilizing o-Pab on a filter paper for real-time selective monitoring of phosgene in gaseous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale & Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale & Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale & Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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94
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Yue Y, Huo F, Ning P, Zhang Y, Chao J, Meng X, Yin C. Dual-Site Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing the Metabolism of Cys in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3181-3185. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yue
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and
Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiangming Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and
Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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95
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Fu ZH, Han X, Shao Y, Fang J, Zhang ZH, Wang YW, Peng Y. Fluorescein-Based Chromogenic and Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Cysteine and Its Application in Bioimaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1937-1944. [PMID: 28208244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A dual mode fluorescent probe, which is based on an integration of fluorescein and coumarin fluorophores, was developed for the discrimination of Cys from Hcy and GSH. This probe (2) shows the advantage of quick reaction (5 min) with Cys, resulting in a strong fluorescence turn-on response when excited at 450 nm. Notably, it also demonstrates the ratiometric fluorescence property while excited by a shorter wavelength (332 nm). All of results suggest probe 2 has a high selectivity toward Cys even in the presence of other amino acids, cations and anions. The detection limit of Cys was calculated as 0.084 μM, which was much lower than the intracellular concentration. 1H NMR, MS and DFT calculation were used to reveal the detection mechanism further. Finally, this low cytotoxic probe was successfully applied in bioimaging within HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Salt Lakes Resources and Chemistry, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lakes Resources and Chemistry, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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96
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Li M, Fu Y, Jin L. A dual-signal sensing system based on organic dyes-LDHs film for fluorescence detection of cysteine. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7284-7290. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01555k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is of great significance to sense cysteine (Cys) in a simple and fast way because of its potential applications in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R China
| | - Lan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R China
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97
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Peng X, Yuan H, Xu J, Lu F, Wang L, Guo X, Wang S, Li S, Li Y, Yang G. A hydrophilicity-based fluorescent strategy to differentiate cysteine/homocysteine over glutathione both in vivo and in vitro. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An easily-prepared probe/nanogel composite indicator HTBNM/PU showed selective fluorescence responses to cysteine/homocysteine over glutathione both in vivo and in vitro.
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98
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Yue Y, Huo F, Li X, Wen Y, Yi T, Salamanca J, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM, Yin C. pH-Dependent Fluorescent Probe That Can Be Tuned for Cysteine or Homocysteine. Org Lett 2016; 19:82-85. [PMID: 27995792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The very close structural similarities between cysteine and homocysteine present a great challenge to achieve their selective detection using regular fluorescent probes, limiting the biological and pathological studies of these two amino thiols. A coumarin-based fluorescent probe was designed featuring pH-promoted distinct turn-on followed by ratiometric fluorescence responses for Cys and turn-on fluorescence response for Hcy through two different reaction paths. These specific responses demonstrate the activity differences between Cys and Hcy qualitatively for the first time. The probe could also be used for Cys and Hcy imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - James Salamanca
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jorge O Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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99
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A fluorescent probe for the efficient discrimination of Cys, Hcy and GSH based on different cascade reactions. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 90:117-124. [PMID: 27886598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe (1) for distinguishing amongst biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), is developed based on different cascade reactions. The key design feature of fluorescent probe 1 is the integration of two potential reaction groups for the thiol and amino groups of biothiols in one molecule. By reacting with the halogen atom and α, β-unsaturated malonitrile in probe 1, Cys, Hcy and GSH can generate a total of three main products with distinct photophysical properties. Probe 1 shows a strong fluorescence turn-on response to Cys with blue-green emission by using an excitation wavelength of 390nm. At an excitation wavelength of 500nm, probe 1 responds to GSH over Cys and Hcy and emits strong orange fluorescence. The discrimination of biothiols can be demonstrated by cell imaging experiments, indicating that probe 1 can be a useful tool for the selective imaging of Cys and GSH in living cells.
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100
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Anees P, Joseph J, Sreejith S, Menon NV, Kang Y, Wing-Kwong Yu S, Ajayaghosh A, Zhao Y. Real time monitoring of aminothiol level in blood using a near-infrared dye assisted deep tissue fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4110-4116. [PMID: 30155054 PMCID: PMC6013924 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular probes for the detection and imaging of biological thiols is a major step forward diagnosing various types of diseases. Previously reported thiol imaging strategies were mainly based on a single mode of imaging with a limited application in vivo. In this work, we introduced an unsymmetrical near-infrared (NIR) squaraine dye (USq) as an exogenous contrast agent for photoacoustic and fluorescence bimodal imaging of thiol variations in live animals. USq exhibits a narrow absorption band at 680 nm that generates a photoacoustic signal and a strong NIR emission at 700 nm (ΦF = 0.27), which is applicable for deep tissue optical imaging. Both photoacoustic and fluorescence signals could selectively disappear in the presence of different thiols. Through in vitro and in vivo imaging studies, unique imaging capability of USq was demonstrated, and the effect of food uptake on the increased level of aminothiols in blood was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palapuravan Anees
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India .
| | - James Joseph
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore .
| | - Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore .
| | - Nishanth Venugopal Menon
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , 637459 , Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , 637459 , Singapore
- Faculty of Materials and Energy , Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road , Chongqing , 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Sidney Wing-Kwong Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET , Singapore General Hospital , Outram Road , 169608 , Singapore
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India .
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore .
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 , Singapore
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