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Cheng HB, Cao X, Zhang S, Zhang K, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou L, Liang XJ, Yoon J. BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self-Assembly, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207546. [PMID: 36398522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting-edge work in post-functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single- and multicomponent self-assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY-containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Keyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
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Chi Z, Xu J, Luo S, Ran X, Wang X, Liu P, He Y, Kuang Y, Guo L. Triplet generation at the CdTe quantum dot/anthracene interface mediated by hot and thermalized electron exchange for enhanced production of singlet oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8913-8920. [PMID: 36916640 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triplet energy transfer (TET) from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to molecular triplets has potential applications in photon up-conversion and singlet oxygen generation. Here, we have constructed a complex consisting of CdTe QDs as the donor and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (ACA) as the triplet acceptor, and studied the TET pathways and enhanced singlet oxygen generation properties. The results from steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy demonstrate efficient TET with a total efficiency of over 80% from photoexcited CdTe QDs to ACA. Dynamical analysis clearly indicates two distinctive TET channels - hot electron exchange and thermalized electron exchange - mediating the TET process in the CdTe QDs-ACA complex. The TET efficiencies from hot electron exchange at high energetic levels and thermalized electron exchange on the lowest exciton state can reach ∼27% and ∼85%, respectively, following 530 nm excitation. This efficient TET endows the CdTe QDs-ACA complex with a good capability of generating singlet oxygen species with a yield of up to ∼59%. These findings contribute further insights to the mechanisms of interfacial TET processes and are significant in designing efficient TET systems based on semiconductor nanoparticles and triplet molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shida Luo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Pingan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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53
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Miao W, Guo X, Yan X, Shang Y, Yu C, Dai E, Jiang T, Hao E, Jiao L. Red-to-Near-Infrared Emitting PyrrolylBODIPY Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Bioimaging Application. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203832. [PMID: 36650103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores with characteristics such as deep tissue penetration, minimal damage to the biological samples, and low background interference, are highly sought-after materials for in vivo and deep-tissue fluorescence imaging. Herein, series of 3-pyrrolylBODIPY derivatives and 3,5-dipyrrolylBODIPY derivatives have been prepared by a facile regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SN Ar) on 3,5-halogenated BODIPY derivatives (3,5-dibromo or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroBODIPYs) with pyrroles. The installation of a pyrrolic unit onto the 3-position of the BODIPY chromophore leads to a dramatic red shift of both the absorption (up to 160 nm) and the emission (up to 260 nm) in these resultant 3-pyrrolylBODIPYs with respect to that of the BODIPY chromophore. Their further 5-positional functionalization provides a facile way to fine tune their photophysical properties, and these resulting dipyrrolylBODIPYs and functionalized pyrrolylBODIPYs show strong absorption in the deep red-to-NIR regions (595-684 nm) and intense NIR fluorescence emission (650-715 nm) in dichloromethane. To demonstrate the applicability of these functionalized pyrrolylBODIPYs as NIR fluorescent probes for cell imaging, pyrrolylBODIPY 6 a containing mitochondrion-targeting butyltriphenylphosphonium cationic species was also prepared. It selectively localized in mitochondria of HeLa cells, with low cytotoxicity and intense deep red fluorescence emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Miao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, CN 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, CN 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Shang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - En Dai
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, CN 241002, P.R. China
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54
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Öztürk Gündüz E, Atajanov R, Gedik ME, Tanrıverdi Eçik E, Günaydın G, Okutan E. BODIPY-GO nanocomposites decorated with a biocompatible branched ethylene glycol moiety for targeted PDT. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5466-5477. [PMID: 36880343 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The properties of graphene oxide (GO) have received much attention and been applied to the exploration of potential applications in disease-related diagnostics and non-invasive therapy. One application, photodynamic therapy (PDT), involves the killing of cancer cells where singlet oxygen is generated with light irradiation of the appropriate wavelength. In this work, three new BODIPY derivatives (13-15), decorated with carbohydrate moieties for active targeting and branched ethylene glycol for biocompatibility, and their GO based nanocarriers were designed to study the singlet oxygen production and PDT efficiency. First, BODIPYs were prepared, followed by the fabrication of GO layers with BODIPY dyes via a non-covalent method. Detailed characterizations of the materials were carried out with mass spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopies, EDX analysis and TEM and AFM microscopies. The efficiency of singlet oxygen generation in organic and water-based solutions was determined by photobleaching with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA), respectively. The results in in vitro PDT analysis against K562 human cancer cells indicate the prepared materials are highly promising in PDT anticancer therapy and the IC50 values of GO loaded BODIPY derivatives bearing heavy atoms, GO-14 and GO-15, were calculated as 40.59 nM and 39.21 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Öztürk Gündüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - Rovshen Atajanov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Çankaya, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Esra Tanrıverdi Eçik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, 25010, Turkey
| | - Gürcan Günaydın
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Çankaya, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Elif Okutan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
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55
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Zeng L, Jiang LH, Li JY, Huang L, Chen Y, Yu N, Wang L, Huang K, Peng J, Han G. Metal-Free Far-Red Light-Driven Photolysis via Triplet Fusion to Enhance Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218341. [PMID: 36634030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free long-wavelength light-driven prodrug photoactivation is highly desirable for applications such as neuromodulation, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. Herein, via triplet fusion, we report on the far-red light-driven photo-release of an anti-cancer drug by coupling the boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizer with a photocleavable perylene-based anti-cancer drug. Notably, this metal-free triplet fusion photolysis (TFP) strategy can be further advanced by incorporating an additional functional dopant, i.e. an immunotherapy medicine inhibiting the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), with the far-red responsive triplet fusion pair in an air-stable nanoparticle. With this IDO inhibitor-assisted TFP system we observed efficient inhibition of primary and distant tumors in a mouse model at record-low excitation power, compared to other photo-assisted immunotherapy approaches. This metal-free TFP strategy will spur advancement in photonics and biophotonics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Lin-Han Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Nuo Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA-01605, USA
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56
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Akhuseyin Yildiz E, Yabaş E, Sözmen F, Bozkurt Y, Karatay A, Boyacioglu B, Ünver H, Elmali A. Effects of Heavy Iodine Atoms and π-Expanded Conjugation on Charge Transfer Dynamics in Carboxylic Acid BODIPY Derivatives as Triplet Photosensitizers. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200735. [PMID: 36377545 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores are composed of a functional-COOH group at meso position with or without a biphenyl ring, and their compounds with heavy iodine atoms at -2, -6 positions of the BODIPY indacene core were synthesized. The photophysical properties of the compounds were studied with steady-state absorption and fluorescence measurements. It was observed that the absorption band is significantly red-shifted, and fluorescence signals are quenched in the presence of iodine atoms. In addition to that, it was indicated that the biphenyl ring does not affect the spectral shifting in the absorption as well as fluorescence spectra. In an attempt to investigate the effect of π-expanded biphenyl moieties and heavy iodine atoms on charge transfer dynamics, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measurements were carried out in the environment of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Based on the performed ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, BODIPY compounds with iodine atoms lead to intersystem crossing (ISC) and ISC rates were determined as 150 ps and 180 ps for iodine BODIPY compounds with and without π-expanded biphenyl moieties, respectively. According to the theoretical results, the charge transfer in the investigated compounds mostly appears to be intrinsic local excitations, corresponding to high photoluminescence efficiency. These experimental findings are useful for the design and study of the fundamental photochemistry of organic triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Yabaş
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Fazlı Sözmen
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Bozkurt
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bahadir Boyacioglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara University, 06290, Kecioren-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Ünver
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Besevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
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57
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Morgan J, Yun YJ, Jamhawi AM, Islam SM, Ayitou AJL. Photophysical Insights of Halogenated Dipyrrolonaphthyridine-Diones as Potential Photodynamic Therapy Agents †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:761-768. [PMID: 36479699 DOI: 10.1111/php.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of novel halogenated dipyrrolonaphthyridine-diones (X2 -DPNDs, X = Cl, Br, and I), as candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Apart from the heavy atom-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) dynamics in the investigated X2 -DPNDs, it was found that the position of the halogen atom (relative to the nitrogen of the pyrrole ring) also influenced the triplet excited state behavior. Interestingly, the faster/efficiency sensitization of 3 O2 to 1 O2 using X2 -DPND correlates with the rate of triplet population, kISC >1.6 × 108 s-1 for I2 -DPND vs kISC >2.9 × 109 s-1 for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND (where τISC = 343 ± 3 ps for I2 -DPND and τISC = 5-6 ns for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND are the lowest time constants/values for ISC). Furthermore, the heavy atom-induced SOC in Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND did not lead to a reduction of the corresponding fluorescence (ca 75% vs 67% for the parent DPND). The attractive photophysical characteristics of Cl2 /Br2 -DPND put them on the landscape as not only promising PDT agents but also as fluorescence probes. The present study is a stepping stone in the development of novel organic photosystems for synergistic photomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayla Morgan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Shahidul M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Jean-Luc Ayitou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
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58
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Heavy Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizers: Molecular Structure Design, Photophysical Properties and Application in Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052170. [PMID: 36903415 PMCID: PMC10004235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the treatment of cancer, because of its advantages including a low toxicity, non-drug-resistant character, and targeting capability. From a photochemical aspect, a critical property of triplet photosensitizers (PSs) used for PDT reagents is the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency. Conventional PDT reagents are limited to porphyrin compounds. However, these compounds are difficult to prepare, purify, and derivatize. Thus, new molecular structure paradigms are desired to develop novel, efficient, and versatile PDT reagents, especially those contain no heavy atoms, such as Pt or I, etc. Unfortunately, the ISC ability of heavy atom-free organic compounds is usually elusive, and it is difficult to predict the ISC capability of these compounds and design novel heavy atom-free PDT reagents. Herein, from a photophysical perspective, we summarize the recent developments of heavy atom-free triplet PSs, including methods based on radical-enhanced ISC (REISC, facilitated by electron spin-spin interaction), twisted π-conjugation system-induced ISC, the use of fullerene C60 as an electron spin converter in antenna-C60 dyads, energetically matched S1/Tn states-enhanced ISC, etc. The application of these compounds in PDT is also briefly introduced. Most of the presented examples are the works of our research group.
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59
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Gül EY, Karataş EA, Doğan HA, Karataş ÖF, Çoşut B, Eçik ET. Erlotinib-Modified BODIPY Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200439. [PMID: 36317417 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative, non-invasive and highly selective therapeutic modality for tumours and non-malignant diseases. BODIPY based molecules can function as new generation photosensitizers (PSs) in various PDT applications. Despite numerous conjugated PS systems are available, BODIPYs containing erlotinib lagged behind other photosensitizer units. In this study, smart photosensitizers containing BODIPY, erlotinib and hydrophilic units were prepared for the first time, their physicochemical properties and PDT effects were investigated. Compared with non-halogenated compound, halogenated derivatives possessed much lower fluorescence profile as well as the good ROS generation ability under red light. In vitro PDT studies were performed on both healthy (PNT1a) and prostate cancerous cells (PC3) to determine the selectivity of the compounds on cancerous cells and their effects under light. The halogenated conjugates, exposed to low dose of light illumination exhibited potent activity on cancer cell viability and the calculated IC50 values proved the high phototoxicity of the photosensitizers. It was also determined that the PSs have very low dark toxicity and that the light illumination and ROS formation are required for the initiation of the cell death mechanism. As a result, erlotinib modified BODIPYs could serve as promising agents in anticancer photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yıldız Gül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydın Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey.,High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hatice Aydın Doğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey.,High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey.,High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esra Tanrıverdi Eçik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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60
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Sheng W, Guo X, Tang B, Bu W, Zhang F, Hao E, Jiao L. Hybridization of triphenylamine to BODIPY dyes at the 3,5,8-positions: A facile strategy to construct near infra-red aggregation-induced emission luminogens with intramolecular charge transfer for cellular imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121902. [PMID: 36208580 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of five BODIPY derivatives with triarylamine (TPA) moieties on their 3-, 5-, or 8-positions were reported, which showed wide-range fluorescence emissions across red and near infrared regions in their aggregation states. The influences of numbers and substituted positions of TPA groups on the optical and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of these BODIPYs as well as organelle-specific imaging in live cells were investigated. The TPA groups installed at 3-/5-positions of BODIPY could effectively enlarge the conjugated system and red-shift the absorption and emission bands (λemmax up to 815 nm). In contrast, the TPA group linked to 8-position of BODIPY core has little contribution to decrease the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Importantly, regardless the substitution positions of TPA groups, all these TPA-substituted BODIPYs (BTs) showed remarkable AIE performance and possessed high molar extinction absorption (up to ∼ 63000 M-1 cm-1), two-photon absorption (up to 171 GM at 870 nm), and large Stokes shifts. The BODIPY with one TPA group (BT1 and FBT1) showed lipid droplets-specific localization while BODIPY with two and three TPA groups (BT2, BT3 and FBT2) preferred to enrich in lysosomes. These BODIPYs all have been successfully used in tracking the dynamic behaviors of lipid droplets or lysosomes in living cells. Furthermore, BT1 and FBT1 can quantitatively detect the overexpression of lipid droplets, and BT3 has been successfully used to observe lysosomes behaviors of lipophagy process in living cells. This work systematically studied the influence of the number and position of TPA units on the optical properties and AIE-activities of BODIPYs, which not only enriched the BODIPY-based AIE NIR probes for organelle-specific imaging in live cells, but also provided a practical strategy for the effective construction of organic dyes with NIR AIE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanle Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, BengBu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Weibin Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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61
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Prieto-Montero R, Díaz Andres A, Prieto-Castañeda A, Tabero A, Longarte A, Agarrabeitia AR, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, Montero R, Casanova D, Martínez-Martínez V. Halogen-free photosensitizers based on meso-enamine-BODIPYs for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:169-179. [PMID: 36484323 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for efficient heavy atom free photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very active field. We describe herein a simple and easily accessible molecular design based on the attachment of an enamine group as an electron-donor moiety at the meso position of the BODIPY core with different alkylation patterns. The effect of the alkylation degree and solvent polarity on the photophysical properties in terms of splitting absorption bands, fluorescence efficiencies and singlet oxygen production is analyzed in depth experimentally using spectroscopic techniques, including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (fs- and ns-TA) and using computational simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. The correlation between the theoretical/experimental results permits the rationalization of the observed photophysical behavior exhibited by meso-enamine-BODIPY compounds and the determination of mechanistic details, which rule the population of the triplet state manifold. The potential applicability as a theragnostic agent for the most promising compound is demonstrated through in vitro assays in HeLa cells by analyzing the internalization, localization and phototoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitor Díaz Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departamento Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- SGiker Laser Facility, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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62
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Gu H, Liu W, Li H, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole derivative AIEgens for smart phototheranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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63
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Cao W, Zhu Y, Wu F, Tian Y, Chen Z, Xu W, Liu S, Liu T, Xiong H. Three Birds with One Stone: Acceptor Engineering of Hemicyanine Dye with NIR-II Emission for Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Anticancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204851. [PMID: 36300919 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to develop a near-infrared (NIR) small molecular photosensitizer for synergistic phototherapy in deep tissues. Herein, first, a heavy-atom-free NIR hemicyanine photosensitizer (BHcy) for 808 nm light-mediated synergistic photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) anticancer therapy by leveraging the acceptor engineering strategy is reported. This strategy endows BHcy with a more planar and larger π-conjugated structure, resulting in long NIR absorption/emission at 770/915-1200 nm as well as enhanced singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation ability and photothermal effect, which is ascribed to the reduced energy levels of excited singlet/triplet states and the promoted intersystem crossing process. Notably, BHcy-based nanoparticles (BHcy-NPs) exhibit efficient 1 O2 yield (12.9%) and high photothermal conversion efficiency (55.1%). More importantly, BHcy-NPs are able to significantly kill cancer cells by destroying main organelles and inhibit tumor growth in vivo after a single irradiation. Overall, this study provides a strategy to design new heavy-atom-free PDT/PTT agents for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fapu Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weijia Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Senyao Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First, Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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64
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Wang W, Tong S, Wang Q, Ao Y, Wang D, Zhu J. Thiazole Boron Difluoride Dyes with Large Stokes Shift, Solid State Emission and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202507. [PMID: 35994377 PMCID: PMC9825895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The small Stokes shift and weak emission in the solid state are two main shortcomings associated with the boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) family of dyes. This study presents the design, synthesis and luminescent properties of boron difluoro complexes of 2-aryl-5-alkylamino-4-alkylaminocarbonylthiazoles. These dyes display Stokes shifts (Δλ, 77-101 nm) with quantum yields (ϕFL ) up to 64.9 and 34.7 % in toluene solution and in solid state, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibit dual fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission properties with modulable phosphorescence quantum yields (ϕPL ) and lifetime (τp up to 251 μs). The presence of intramolecular H-bonds and negligible π-π stacking revealed by X-ray crystal structure might account for the observed large Stokes shift and significant solid-state emission of these fluorophores, while the enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of iodine and the self-assembly driven by halogen bonding, π-π and C-H… π interactions could be responsible for the observed RTP of iodine containing phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry andChemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Qi‐Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - De‐Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN)Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH53041015LausanneSwitzerland
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65
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Wei X, Guo XH, Guo JF, He TF, Qin GY, Zou LY, Ren AM. Photophysical Exploration of Zn(II) Polypyridine Photosensitizers in Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy: Insights from Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18729-18742. [PMID: 36351263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence and difficulties of treatment of cancer have always been a challenge for mankind. Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) as a less invasive technique provides a new perspective for tumor treatment due to its low-energy near-infrared excitation, high targeting, and minor damage. At present, the emerging metal complexes used as the photosensitizers (PSs) in TP-PDT have aroused great interest. However, most metal complexes as PSs in TP-PDT still face some problems, such as slow clearance, unsatisfactory two-photon absorption (TPA) characteristics, high price, low reactivity, and poor solubility. In this work, density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory were used to characterize the one/two-photon response, solvation free energy, and lipophilicity of a series of novel PSs applied in TP-PDT. The results suggest that based on complex 1, replacing Ru(II) center with Zn(II) (complex 2) can effectively prolong the triplet excited state lifetime while reducing the cost and environmental pollution, and the azetidine heterospirocycles were introduced into the ligand scaffold (complex 3), which effectively reduced the vibration relaxation of the ligand group and improved the water solubility; further, the addition of acetylenyl groups subtly enhanced the light absorption and significantly improved the two-photon response (complex 4). In addition, all complexes met the requirement of a PS and could be used as potential candidates for TP-PDT. In particular, complex 4 has the advantages of high solvation free energy, a large TPA cross-section (1413 GM), a long triplet state lifetime (671 μs), good chemical reactivity, and low cost, and it is easy to be scavenged by organisms. Overall, this contribution may provide an important clue to formulate clear design principles for type I/II PSs and rational design of PSs with high intersystem crossing rates, a long lifetime, and therapeutic excitation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun130061, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hui Guo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun130061, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Gui-Ya Qin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun130061, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun130061, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun130061, P. R. China
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66
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Wang J, Yu C, Hao E, Jiao L. Conformationally restricted and ring-fused aza-BODIPYs as promising near infrared absorbing and emitting dyes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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67
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Luo P, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Yang C, Li C. Mitochondria-Driven Dye Rearrangement That Enables Spatiotemporally Controlled Photomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201611. [PMID: 36066089 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Reversibly controlling the dye arrangements in living systems has great potential to realize spatiotemporally controlled photomedicine. However, tuning or even maintaining a certain arrangement of dyes in a complex living environments is extremely challenging due to the interference of the various biological species. Herein, a conceptual supramolecular strategy to engineer a switchable photosensitizer (PS) via mitochondria-mediated dynamic interconversion between monomer and J-aggregation, enabling specific activation of the mitochondria-targeting photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hibernation after mitochondria damage is presented. The presented mitochondria-mediated "activate-then-hibernate" PS design enables a fascinating spatiotemporally controlled PDT in which spatially controlled mitochondrial-targeting enhances therapeutic efficacy and temporally controlled activation-then-hibernation averts off-target damage during PDT and tissue damage after clinical treatment, thus offering significant potential for biological research and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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68
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Shi L, Zhang P, Liu X, Li Y, Wu W, Gao X, Liu B. An Activity-Based Photosensitizer to Reverse Hypoxia and Oxidative Resistance for Tumor Photodynamic Eradication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206659. [PMID: 36106613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a well-accepted clinical treatment for malignant tumors owing to its noninvasiveness and high spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the treatment outcome of current PDT applications is hindered by hypoxia and intracellular oxidative resistance of solid tumors. Recent studies have shown that inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) can induce cell ferroptosis, reverse hypoxia, and elevate oxidative status. Theoretically, the design and synthesis of activity-based photosensitizers that target HDACs can address the bottlenecks of PDT. Herein, the concept of an activity-based photosensitizer is presented for targeting HDACs, which is designed based on a quinoxalinone scaffold through a pharmacophore migration strategy. The developed activity-based photosensitizer can inhibit HDACs, and overcome hypoxia and intracellular oxidative resistance, realizing the full potential of photosensitizers for malignant tumor treatment. The molecular design strategy proposed in this project should provide theoretical guidance for the development of ideal photosensitizers for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Road, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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69
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Evolution of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY dyes for organic photoredox/energy transfer catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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A useful macrocyclic combination of pillar[5]arene and Bodipy for fluorometric analysis of Hg2+: high-resolution monitoring in fish sample and living cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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71
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Supramolecular photodynamic agents for simultaneous oxidation of NADH and generation of superoxide radical. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6179. [PMID: 36261451 PMCID: PMC9582220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that Type-I photosensitizers (PSs) have hypoxia tolerance, developing general approaches to prepare Type-I PSs is of great importance, but remains a challenge. Here, we report a supramolecular strategy for the preparation of Type-I photodynamic agents, which simultaneously generate strong oxidizing cationic radicals and superoxide radicals, by introducing electron acceptors to the existing Type-II PSs. As a proof-of-concept, three electron acceptors were designed and co-assembled with a classical PS to produce quadruple hydrogen-bonded supramolecular photodynamic agents. The photo-induced electron transfer from the PS to the adjacent electron acceptor occurs efficiently, leading to the generation of a strong oxidizing PS+• and an anionic radical of the acceptor, which further transfers an electron to oxygen to form O2-•. In addition, these photodynamic agents induce direct photocatalytic oxidation of NADH with a turnover frequency as high as 53.7 min-1, which offers an oxygen-independent mechanism to damage tumors.
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72
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Ju M, Liu L, Ma C, Huang Y, Wang B, Ding W, Luan X, Shen B. Rational Modulation of BODIPY Photosensitizers to Design Metal-Organic Framework-Based NIR Nanocomposites for High-Efficiency Photodynamic Therapy in a Hypoxic Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46262-46272. [PMID: 36197147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive treatment that has drawn great attention. However, the hypoxic environment in tumors seriously limits the therapeutic effect of oxygen-dependent chemicals and PDT. Herein, a versatile nanocomposite DF-BODIPY@ZIF-8 with oxygen-generating ability was developed based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) by loading the near-infrared photosensitizer DF-BODIPY to overcome hypoxia-induced drug resistance in cancer therapy. ZIF-8 can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in tumors and increase the dissolved oxygen concentration, resulting in a significant improvement in PDT efficacy. Additionally, we found that enhancing the electronegativity of substituents can effectively reduce the energy level difference (ΔEst) between the minimum singlet state (S1) and the lowest triplet state (T1), leading to the enhancement of the singlet oxygen quantum yield. In vitro experiments suggested that DF-BODIPY@ZIF-8 indeed had a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield and better tumor cell phototoxicity than free DF-BODIPY. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that DF-BODIPY@ZIF-8 could effectively eliminate 4T1 tumors under light irradiation. Thus, we conclude that increasing the electronegativity of substituents and introducing a ZIF-8 material can effectively improve the singlet oxygen quantum yield and overcome the hypoxia limitations for high-efficiency PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Hunan Road, Nanjing 210000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chenggong Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yubo Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baoxing Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Barretta P, Ponte F, Scoditti S, Vigna V, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. Computational Analysis of the Behavior of BODIPY Decorated Monofunctional Platinum(II) Complexes in the Dark and under Light Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7159-7167. [PMID: 36194386 PMCID: PMC9574924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual-action drugs are occupying an important place in the scientific landscape of cancer research owing to the possibility to combine different therapeutic strategies into a single molecule. In the present work, the behavior of two BODIPY-appended monofunctional Pt(II) complexes, one mononuclear and one binuclear, recently synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity have been explored both in the dark and under light irradiation. Quantum mechanical DFT calculations have been used to carry out the exploration of the key steps, aquation and guanine attack, of the mechanism of action of Pt(II) complexes in the dark. Due to the presence of the BODIPY chromophore and the potential capability of the two investigated complexes to work as photosensitizers in PDT, time dependent DFT has been employed to calculate their photophysical properties and to inspect how the sensitizing properties of BODIPY are affected by the presence of the platinum "heavy atom". Furthermore, also the eventual influence on of the photophysical properties due to the displacement of chlorido ligands by water and of water by guanine has been taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierraffaele Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vigna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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74
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Zeng L, Huang L, Han G. Dye Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Phototherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114479. [PMID: 35932906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that relies on the interaction between light and photoactive agents. These photoactive agents are typically organic dyes, but their hydrophobic nature and self-aggregation tendency in biological media greatly restricts the development of highly effective phototherapeutic systems. In the past decade, functional dye-doped metal-organic framework (MOF)-based phototherapy has attracted enormous interest because organic dyes can be encapsulated and isolated within the MOF structure to show superior treatment efficacy. In addition to incorporating the reported phototherapeutic dyes into MOF as the ligand or the guest in the pores, the construction of an MOF-based phototherapy agent can also be extended to these dye units that are previously inactive for phototherapy. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging development of phototherapeutic MOFs that exhibited better performance than the involving dye units due to the controlled dye aggregation within the MOF. The related mechanisms and some emerging future directions of dye-doped MOF-based phototherapy are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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76
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77
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Geng B, Hu J, Li Y, Feng S, Pan D, Feng L, Shen L. Near-infrared phosphorescent carbon dots for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5735. [PMID: 36175446 PMCID: PMC9523047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic sonosensitizers with combined sonodynamic and near infrared (NIR) imaging modes are required for imaging guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). It is challenging, however, to realize a single material that is simultaneously endowed with both NIR emitting and sonodynamic activities. Herein, we report the design of a class of NIR-emitting sonosensitizers from a NIR phosphorescent carbon dot (CD) material with a narrow bandgap (1.62 eV) and long-lived excited triplet states (11.4 μs), two of which can enhance SDT as thermodynamically and dynamically favorable factors under low-intensity ultrasound irradiation, respectively. The NIR-phosphorescent CDs are identified as bipolar quantum dots containing both p- and n-type surface functionalization regions that can drive spatial separation of e−–h+ pairs and fast transfer to reaction sites. Importantly, the cancer-specific targeting and high-level intratumor enrichment of the theranostic CDs are achieved by cancer cell membrane encapsulation for precision SDT with complete eradication of solid tumors by single injection and single irradiation. These results will open up a promising approach to engineer phosphorescent materials with long-lived triplet excited states for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy. Combining sonodynamic properties and NIR fluorescence into a single material is desired for deep tissue applications. Here, the authors report on carbon dot sono-sensitizers engineered with a narrow bandgap and coated with cancer cell membrane for targeted NIR guided sonodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijiang Geng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jinyan Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shini Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Dengyu Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Longxiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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78
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Taddei M, Dick B, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M. Charge Separation/Recombination, Intersystem Crossing, and Unusually Slow Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Naphthalenediimide-Anthracene Compact Energy Donor-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8740-8748. [PMID: 36098552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three anthracene (An)-naphthalenediimide (NDI) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads were prepared. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectra show fast charge separation (ca. 0.9-1.7 ps) and relatively slow charge recombination (ca. 8-565 ps) upon photoexcitation; moreover, the 3An state was observed for 9-An-NDI, whereas the final state is 3NDI for both 9-An-Ph-NDI and 2-An-Ph-NDI, which have an intervening phenyl linker between the An and NDI units. Nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) spectra indicate that the lowest triplet state of all the dyads is 3An, with triplet lifetimes of 139-354 μs. An unusually slow intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) was observed for 9-An-Ph-NDI and 2-An-Ph-NDI (32-85 ns). Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy confirms that the intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism is spin orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT-ISC) for all the dyads; for 9-An-NDI, only the 3An state was observed, while for the other two dyads, both 3NDI and 3An states were observed, with their relative population changing with increasing delay time, which supports TTET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10-12, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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79
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How Computations Can Assist the Rational Design of Drugs for Photodynamic Therapy: Photosensitizing Activity Assessment of a Ru(II)-BODIPY Assembly. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175635. [PMID: 36080406 PMCID: PMC9457801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium-based complexes represent a new frontier in light-mediated therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, a density functional-theory-based computational investigation, of the photophysical properties of a conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex, is presented. Such a complex was reported to be a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), successfully integrating the qualities of a NIR-absorbing distyryl-BODIPY dye and a PDT-active [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety. Therefore, the behaviour of the conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex was compared with those of the metal-free BODIPY chromophore and the Ru(II) complex. Absorptions spectra, excitation energies of both singlet and triplet states as well as spin–orbit-matrix elements (SOCs) were used to rationalise the experimentally observed different activities of the three potential chromophores. The outcomes evidence a limited participation of the Ru moiety in the ISC processes that justifies the small SOCs obtained for the conjugate. A plausible explanation was provided combining the computational results with the experimental evidences.
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80
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Zlatić K, Bogomolec M, Cindrić M, Uzelac L, Basarić N. Synthesis, photophysical properties, anti-Kasha photochemical reactivity and biological activity of vinyl- and alkynyl-BODIPY derivatives. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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Liang H, Tang L, He J, Li J, Chen Z, Cai S, Pang J, Mahmood Z, Chen W, Li MD, Zhao Z, Huo Y, Ji S. Modulating the intersystem crossing mechanism of anthracene carboxyimide-based photosensitizers via structural adjustments and application as a potent photodynamic therapeutic reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20901-20912. [PMID: 36047252 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a series of compact anthracene carboxyimide (ACI) based donor-acceptor dyads were prepared by substituting bulky aryl moieties with various electron-donating ability to study the triplet-excited state properties. The ISC mechanism and triplet yield of the dyads were successfully tuned via structural manipulation. Efficient ISC (ΦΔ ≈ 99%) and long-lived triplet state (τT ≈ 122 μs) was observed for the orthogonal anthracene-labeled ACI derivative compared to the Ph-ACI and NP-ACI dyads, which showed fast triplet state decay (τT ≈ 7.7 μs). Femtosecond transient absorption study demonstrated the ultrafast charge separation (CS) and efficient charge recombination (CR) in the orthogonal dyads and ISC occurring via spin-orbit charge transfer (SOCT) mechanism (AN-ACI: τCS = 355 fs, τCR = 2.41 ns; PY-ACI: τCS = 321 fs, τCR = 1.61 ns), while in Ph-ACI and NP-ACI dyads triplet populate following the normal ISC channel (nπ* → ππ* transition), no CS was observed. We found that the attachment of suitable aryl donor moiety (AN- or PY-) to the ACI core can ensure the insertion of the intermediate triplet state, resulting in a small energy gap among charge separated state (CSS) and triplet state, which leads to efficient ISC in these derivatives. The SOCT-ISC-based AN-ACI dyad was confirmed to be a potent photodynamic therapeutic reagent; an ultra-low IC50 value (0.27 nM) that was nearly 214 times lower than that of the commercial Rose Bengal photosensitizer (57.8 nM) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Liting Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zeduan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Wencheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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82
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Bongaerts GPA, Williams RM, van der Wielen MWJ, Feiters MC. (Photo-)chemical roadmap to strategic antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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83
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Abuduwaili W, Wang X, Huang AT, Sun JL, Xu RC, Zhang GC, Liu ZY, Wang F, Zhu CF, Liu TT, Dong L, Zhu JM, Weng SQ, Li Y, Shen XZ. Iridium Complex-Loaded Sorafenib Nanocomposites for Synergistic Chemo-photodynamic Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37356-37368. [PMID: 35951459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has provided noteworthy benefits in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the inevitable side effects, narrow therapeutic window, and low bioavailability seriously affect its clinical application. To be clinically distinctive, innovative drugs must meet the needs of reaching tumor tissues and cause limited side effects to normal organs and tissues. Recently, photodynamic therapy, utilizing a combination of a photosensitizer and light irradiation, was selectively accumulated at the tumor site and taken up effectively via inducing apoptosis or necrosis of cancer cells. In this study, a nano-chemo-phototherapy drug was fabricated to compose an iridium-based photosensitizer combined with sorafenib (IPS) via a self-assembly process. Compared to the free iridium photosensitizer or sorafenib, the IPS exhibited significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells because of the increased cellular uptake and the subsequent simultaneous release of sorafenib and generation of reactive oxygen species production upon 532 nm laser irradiation. To evaluate the effect of synergistic treatment, cytotoxicity detection, live/dead staining, cell proliferative and apoptotic assay, and Western blot were performed. The IPS exhibited sufficient biocompatibility by hemolysis and serum biochemical tests. Also, the results suggested that IPS significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. More importantly, marked anti-tumor growth effects via inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting tumor cell death were observed in an orthotopic xenograft HCC model. Therefore, our newly proposed nanotheranostic agent for combined chemotherapeutic and photodynamic therapy notably improves the therapeutic effect of sorafenib and has the potential to be a new alternative option for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinire Abuduwaili
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science & School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - An-Tian Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Lei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ru-Chen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science & School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
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84
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Popov S, Plenio H. Ligand Exchange Triggered Photosensitizers – Bodipy‐Tagged NHC‐Metal Complexes for Conversion of
3
O
2
to
1
O
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Popov
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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85
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Liu D, Imran M, Xiao X, Zhao J. Spiro rhodamine-coumarin compact electron donor-acceptor dyads: synthesis and spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:2153-2168. [PMID: 35984632 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We prepared spiro rhodamine (RB)-coumarin (Cou) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads (RB-Cou-CF3 and RB-Cou-CN), to study the charge transfer (CT) and spin-orbit CT intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The π-conjugation planes of the rhodamine and coumarin units in both dyads are in nearly orthogonal geometry (dihedral angle: 86.3°). CT state emission was observed for RB-Cou-CF3 (at 550 nm) and RB-Cou-CN (at 595 nm). Although the fluorescence of the pristine coumarin units (fluorescence quantum yields ΦF = 59%) was quenched in the dyads (ΦF = 0.5 ~ 1.1% in n-hexane), the triplet state quantum yields of the dyads are also low (singlet oxygen quantum yield, ΦΔ = 2.3-7.5% in n-hexane). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra show that the 3Cou* state was formed, which shows a triplet state lifetime of 11-15.6 μs. The proposed photophysical path for the dyads is as follows: RB-1Cou* → RB+•-Cou-• → RB-3Cou*. The low SOCT-ISC yield is attributed to the slightly lower charge-transfer state energy (1.94 eV in toluene) as compared to the 3Cou* state energy (2.23 eV) and the shallow potential energy curve (PEC) at energy minima of the dyads. This work indicates that orthogonal conformation of donor-acceptor units is inadequate for achieving efficient SOCT-ISC. These results are useful for studying charge separation and intersystem crossing of electron donor/acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169003. [PMID: 36012269 PMCID: PMC9409402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) nanostructures, which can upconvert near-infrared (NIR) light with low energy to visible or UV light with higher energy, are investigated for theranostic applications. The surface of lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC nanostructures can be modified with different functional groups and bioconjugated with biomolecules for therapeutic systems. On the other hand, organic molecular-based UC nanostructures, by using the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) UC mechanism, have high UC quantum yields and do not require high excitation power. In this review, the major UC mechanisms in different nanostructures have been introduced, including the Ln-doped UC mechanism and the TTA UC mechanism. The design and fabrication of Ln-doped UC nanostructures and TTA UC-based UC nanostructures for theranostic applications have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, the current progress in the application of UC nanostructures for diagnosis and therapy has been summarized, including tumor-targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy, image-guided diagnosis and phototherapy, NIR-triggered controlled drug releasing and bioimaging. We also provide insight into the development of emerging UC nanostructures in the field of theranostics.
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87
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Liu C, Jin Y, Ji X, Zhao W, Dong X. Access to Pyridinyl or Pyridinium Aza‐BODIPYs with Tunable Near‐Infrared Fluorescence through ICT from 4‐Pyridinyl Pyrroles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Yue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
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88
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Guo X, Tang B, Wu Q, Bu W, Zhang F, Yu C, Jiao L, Hao E. Engineering BODIPY-based near-infrared nanoparticles with large Stokes shifts and aggregation-induced emission characteristics for organelle specific bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5612-5623. [PMID: 35802059 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes, as two important subcellular organelles, play specific and indispensable roles in various cellular processes. The development of efficient LD- and lysosome-specific fluorescent bio-probes is of great importance. However, current commercial lipid droplet- (LD) and lysosome-specific fluorescent specific bio-probes often suffer from the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, short absorption and emission wavelengths, poor photostability and low specificity. Herein, a typical ACQ luminogen BODIPY was directly conjugated to strong electron donating triarylamine units at its α-positions, giving near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent materials TPAB and 2TPAB with aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Both TPAB and 2TPAB nanoparticles were obtained by self-assembly, and showed NIR emissions, large Stokes shifts, good photostability and two-photon absorption. These nanoparticles presented remarkable bioimaging performances and were shown to specifically localize in LDs or lysosomes, respectively, depending on the number of triarylamine units attached. They have been successfully used to detect endogenous LD overproduction, and monitor abnormal activities of LDs/lysosomes, as well as real-time track the lipophagy process in cells. Their far NIR emission and two-photon excitation further supported their promising bioimaging application for lipid droplet tracking in liver tissue and live zebrafish larvae. Our work here enriches BODIPY based NIR AIE dyes and provides organelle specific bio-probes which are superior to currently used commercial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Bing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Weibin Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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89
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Parisi C, Longobardi G, Graziano ACE, Fraix A, Conte C, Quaglia F, Sortino S. A molecular dyad delivered by biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for combined PDT and NO-PDT in cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106050. [PMID: 35907377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, photochemical properties, and biological evaluation of a novel molecular dyad with double photodynamic action and its formulation within biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. A BODIPY-based singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer (PS) and a nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (NOPD) based on an amino-nitro-benzofurazan moiety have been covalently joined in a new molecular dyad, through a flexible alkyl spacer. Excitation of the dyad with visible light in the range 400-570 nm leads to the concomitant generation of the cytotoxic 1O2 and NO with effective quantum yields, being ΦΔ = 0.49 ± 0.05 and ΦNO = 0.18 ± 0.01, respectively. Besides, the non-fluorescent NOPD unit becomes highly fluorescent after the NO release, acting as an optical reporter for the NO photogenerated. The dyad is not soluble in water medium but can be effectively entrapped in water-dispersible, biodegradable polymeric NPs made of mPEG-PCL, ca. 66 nm in diameter. The polymeric nano-environment affects in an opposite way the photochemical performances of the dyad, reducing ΦΔ to 0.16 ± 0.02 and increasing ΦNO to 0.92 ± 0.03, respectively. The NPs effectively deliver the photoactive cargo into the cytoplasm of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A remarkable level of cell mortality is observed for the loaded NPs at very low concentrations of the dyad (1-5 µM) and very low light doses (≤0.8 J cm-2) more likely as the result of the combined photodynamic action of 1O2 and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Longobardi
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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90
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Rebollar E, Bañuelos J, de la Moya S, Eng J, Penfold T, Garcia-Moreno I. A Computational-Experimental Approach to Unravel the Excited State Landscape in Heavy-Atom Free BODIPY-Related Dyes. Molecules 2022; 27:4683. [PMID: 35897859 PMCID: PMC9330419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a time-gated laser-spectroscopy study in a set of heavy-atom free single BODIPY fluorophores, supported by accurate, excited-state computational simulations of the key low-lying excited states in these chromophores. Despite the strong fluorescence of these emitters, we observed a significant fraction of time-delayed (microseconds scale) emission associated with processes that involved passage through the triplet manifold. The accuracy of the predictions of the energy arrangement and electronic nature of the low-lying singlet and triplet excited states meant that an unambiguous assignment of the main deactivation pathways, including thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or room temperature phosphorescence, was possible. The observation of triplet state formation indicates a breakthrough in the "classic" interpretation of the photophysical properties of the renowned BODIPY and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rebollar
- Departamento Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julien Eng
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (J.E.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Penfold
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (J.E.); (T.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Garcia-Moreno
- Departamento Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
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91
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Wang SY, Chen G, Chen JF, Wang J, Deng SH, Cheng D. Glutathione-depleting polymer delivering chlorin e6 for enhancing photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21609-21620. [PMID: 35975058 PMCID: PMC9346557 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly dependent on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the ROS generated by photosensitizers can be consumed by the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, severely impairing the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, we synthesized a GSH-scavenging copolymer to deliver photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6). The pyridyl disulfide groups, which have faster reactivity with the thiol groups of GSH than other disulfide groups, were grafted onto a hydrophobic block to encapsulate the Ce6. Under NIR irradiation, the Ce6 generated ROS to kill tumor cells, and the pyridyl disulfide groups depleted the GSH to prevent ROS consumption, which synergistically enhanced the therapeutic effect of PDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the combinatory antitumor effect of Ce6-induced ROS generation and the pyridyl disulfide group-induced GSH depletion. Therefore, the pyridyl disulfide group-grafted amphiphilic copolymer provides a more efficient strategy for enhancing PDT and has promising potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yin Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Feng Chen
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510630 P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Deng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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92
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Chen D, Zhao H, Shao T, Lu X, Fang Z, Cao H, Tian Y, Tian X. A cyclometallated iridium(III) complex with multi-photon absorption properties as an imaging-guided photosensitizer. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5765-5773. [PMID: 35856855 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photosensitizers (PSs) often have shorter excitation wavelengths and poor cancer cell targeting, resulting in a limited tissue penetration depth and increased biotoxicity, which are significant barriers to ensuring effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. In this work, a cyclometallated iridium(III) complex (Ir-Biotin) with a long excitation wavelength and effective cancer cell targeting was designed and synthesized. The initial in vitro assessment indicated that Ir-Biotin shows excellent PDT activity with a high singlet-oxygen (1O2) generation yield (0.19) due to the facilitated intersystem crossing process. Further study shows that Ir-Biotin shows good biocompatibility, has specific selectivity for cancer cells, and can induce apoptosis under laser irradiation. Furthermore, Ir-Biotin can be applied for imaging-guided PDT using an in vivo imaging system, and showed significant anti-tumour effects (tumour growth inhibition value: 87.66%). These results reveal the importance of long excitation wavelengths of photosensitizers for efficient PDT and suggest a promising strategy for developing effective photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Anhui University, School of Life Science, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Anhui University, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Anhui University, Department of Chemistry, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Fang
- Anhui University, Department of Chemistry, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Anhui University, School of Life Science, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Anhui University, Department of Chemistry, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Anhui University, School of Life Science, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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93
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Yang K, Zhang Z, Gan Y, Tan Q, Huang L, Wang B, Hu G, Yin P, Song X, Lan M. Photovoltaic molecules with ultra-high light energy utilization for near-infrared laser triggered synergetic photodynamic and photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7622-7627. [PMID: 35797723 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic molecules possess strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region and are suitable for NIR laser-triggered phototherapy. Herein, the star molecule IEICO of organic photovoltaic materials, which has a narrow bandgap and large A-D-A conjugated structure, was prepared into water dispersive nanoparticles (NPs) through a simple self-assembly method. The obtained IEICO NPs showed a strong NIR absorption peak at 800 nm and a high 1O2 quantum yield of 11% and photothermal conversion efficiency of 85.4% under 808 nm laser irradiation. The ultra-high light energy utilization efficacy (∼96.4%) of the IEICO NPs enables their excellent phototherapeutic effect on tumors. The present work suggested the huge application potential of organic photovoltaic materials in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Zequn Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Benhua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
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94
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Zhang X, Liu X, Taddei M, Bussotti L, Kurganskii I, Li M, Jiang X, Xing L, Ji S, Huo Y, Zhao J, Di Donato M, Wan Y, Zhao Z, Fedin MV. Red Light‐Emitting Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Naphthalimide‐Phenoxazine Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyad: Time‐Resolved Optical and Magnetic Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200510. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Xing
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10–12 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
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95
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Gan S, Wu W, Feng G, Wang Z, Liu B, Tang BZ. Size Optimization of Organic Nanoparticles with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Improved ROS Generation and Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202242. [PMID: 35652497 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogens provide new opportunities to promote efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in aggregates, which represent the promising candidates to construct theranostic nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the size effect has been rarely explored. Herein, a universal method to fabricate organic nanoparticles with controllable sizes is reported and it demonstrates that ≈45 nm is the optimal size of AIE nanoparticles for PDT. Different from conventional Ce6 nanoparticles which show largely reduced fluorescence and ROS generation with increasing nanoparticle size, AIE nanoparticles show gradually enhanced brightness and ROS generation upon increasing the sizes from 6 to ≈45 nm. Further increasing sizes could continue to intensify the nanoparticle's brightness at the expense of ROS production, with the optimal size for ROS generation being achieved at ≈45 nm. Both 2D monolayer cell and 3D multicellular spheroid experiments confirm that 45 nm AIE nanoparticles have the highest cellular uptake, the deepest penetration depth, and the best photodynamic killing effect. Such a study not only manifests the advantages of AIE photosensitizers, but also delivers the optimal size ranging for efficient PDT, which shall provide an attractive paradigm to guide the development of phototheranostic nanoparticles besides molecular design to further promote PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangxue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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96
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Da Lama A, Bartolomei B, Rosso C, Filippini G, Martínez MM, Sarandeses LA, Prato M. New Insights into the Exploitation of BODIPY Derivatives as Organic Photocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Da Lama
- Universidade da Coruna Departamento de Química SPAIN
| | - Beatrice Bartolomei
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Cristian Rosso
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | | | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste ITALY
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97
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Paul S, Pathak S, Sahoo S, Maji RC, Bhattacharyya U, Nandi D, Chakravarty AR. Bichromophoric ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridine-BODIPY based photosensitizers for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10392-10405. [PMID: 35758169 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two multichromophoric homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(tpy-BODIPY)2]Cl2 (complexes 1 and 2, tpy = 4-phenyl-2,2:6,2-terpyridine, BODIPY = boron-dipyrromethene) were prepared, characterized and their phototherapeutic activity and bioimaging properties were studied. The complexes having structural similarity differ only by a phenylethynyl linker, and its overall influence on their physicochemical and photobiological behavior was evaluated. The terpyridine-BODIPY ligand L1 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes showed intense absorption near 500 nm (ε: ∼1.5 × 105 M-1 cm-1 in DMSO), have a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ: ∼0.6 in DMSO), and displayed low photobleaching thus making them suitable for PDT applications. The complexes showed high DNA binding affinity and induced DNA damage on light activation via multiple types of ROS production. Confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments revealed their incorporation in the cancer cells and complex 1 predominantly accumulated in lysosomes. The complexes displayed a significant PDT effect in cancerous cells with visible light activation with a high photocytotoxicity index (PI) value in HeLa cells. Both type-I and type-II photosensitization processes were involved in the PDT effect. The photodynamic action of complex 2 initiated cellular apoptosis. Finally, their diagnostic potential was evaluated against clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Paul
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Utso Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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98
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Direct Utilization of Near-Infrared Light for Photooxidation with a Metal-Free Photocatalyst. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134047. [PMID: 35807299 PMCID: PMC9268673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered photoredox catalysis is highly desirable because NIR light occupies almost 50% of solar energy and possesses excellent penetrating power in various media. Herein we utilize a metal-free boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative as the photocatalyst to achieve NIR light (720 nm LED)–driven oxidation of benzylamine derivatives, sulfides, and aryl boronic acids. Compared to blue light–driven photooxidation using Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a photocatalyst, NIR light–driven photooxidation exhibited solvent independence and superior performance in large-volume (20 mL) reaction, presumably thanks to the neutral structure of a BODIPY photocatalyst and the deeper penetration depth of NIR light. We further demonstrate the application of this metal-free NIR photooxidation to prodrug activation and combination with Cu-catalysis for cross coupling reaction, exhibiting the potential of metal-free NIR photooxidation as a toolbox for organic synthesis and drug development.
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99
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Yu X, Gao F, Zhao W, Lai H, Wei L, Yang C, Wu W. BODIPY-conjugated bis-terpyridine Ru(II) complexes showing ultra-long luminescence lifetimes and applications to triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9314-9322. [PMID: 35670531 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The poor excited-state properties of bis-terpyridine Ru(II) complexes have significantly limited the applications of these complexes as sensitizers in photocatalysis and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. In the present work, two novel ruthenium bis-terpyridine complexes (Ru-1 and Ru-2) conjugated with visible-light-harvesting bodipy chromophores were synthesized. These complexes showed strong absorption of visible light, the bodipy-localized intraligand triplet state (3IL) was efficiently populated, and the phosphorescence of bodipy at room temperature in both complexes was observed. The luminescence lifetimes of these complexes were significantly prolonged, with that of the heteroleptic complex Ru-2 prolonged to 37.9 μs and that of the homoleptic bis-terpyridine complex Ru-1 unprecedentedly prolonged to 356 μs, which was hundreds of times longer than the current longest emissive state achieved in ruthenium terpyridine complexes. The ultra-long triplet lifetimes and strong visible-light absorbing ability made them new candidates of triplet sensitizers, and were first applied to TTA-UC for terpyridine Ru(II) complexes with a Ru-1/Py system showing a ΦUC of 2.93% in dilute solutions at concentrations as low as 1.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Fanrui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongxia Lai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lingling Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Tang G, Yang W, Zhao J. Naphthalimide-Carbazole Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Effect of Molecular Geometry and Electron-Donating Capacity on the Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3653-3668. [PMID: 35647872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a series of naphthalimide (NI)-carbazole (Cz) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads showing different substitution positions, C-N/C-C linkers, and conformation restriction magnitudes to study the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The varied conformation restrictions lead to different dihedral angles between the donor and acceptor (37°-81°) and electronic coupling magnitude (matrix elements V: 1290-3070 cm-1). Based on the comparison between the dyads containing C-N and C-C linkers, we found that a large dihedral angle between the donor and acceptor is favorable to efficient SOCT-ISC. For one dyad, the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is up to 84.4% (in dichloromethane), which is much higher than that of the previously reported NI-phenothiazine (PTZ) analogue dyad (ΦΔ = 16.0% in n-hexane). The intrinsic triplet state lifetime (τT) is 270 μs, longer than that accessed by the heavy atom effect (75.2 μs). As compared with the NI-PTZ analogue dyad, the Cz unit in the current dyads is a weaker electron donor than PTZ. Thus, a higher CT state energy in NI-Cz dyads was observed, which makes the SOCT-ISC efficient in solvents with a wide range of polarities. Meanwhile, the localized triplet state (3LE) becomes the lowest-lying state in the NI-Cz dyads, which is different from the triplet charge transfer (3CT) state observed in the analogue NI-PTZ dyad. Moreover, the large energy gap between the CT and 3LE states inhibits the reverse ISC; as a result, no thermally activated delayed fluorescence was observed for the current NI-Cz dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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