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Heinen L, Heuser T, Steinschulte A, Walther A. Antagonistic Enzymes in a Biocatalytic pH Feedback System Program Autonomous DNA Hydrogel Life Cycles. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4989-4995. [PMID: 28656771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes regulate complex functions and active behavior in natural systems and have shown increasing prospect for developing self-regulating soft matter systems. Striving for advanced autonomous hydrogel materials with fully programmable, self-regulated life cycles, we combine two enzymes with an antagonistic pH-modulating effect in a feedback-controlled biocatalytic reaction network (BRN) and couple it to pH-responsive DNA hydrogels to realize hydrogel systems with distinct preprogrammable lag times and lifetimes in closed systems. The BRN enables precise and orthogonal internal temporal control of the "ON" and "OFF" switching times of the temporary gel state by modulation of programmable, nonlinear pH changes. The time scales are tunable by variation of the enzyme concentrations and additional buffer substances. The resulting material system operates in full autonomy after injection of the chemical fuels driving the BRN. The concept may open new applications inherent to DNA hydrogels, for instance, autonomous shape memory behavior for soft robotics. We further foresee general applicability to achieve autonomous life cycles in other pH switchable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heinen
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heuser
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinschulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Zhang H, Yang M, Luan Q, Tang H, Huang F, Xiang X, Yang C, Bao Y. Cellulose Anionic Hydrogels Based on Cellulose Nanofibers As Natural Stimulants for Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3785-3791. [PMID: 28436656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose anionic hydrogels were successfully prepared by dissolving TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers in NaOH/urea aqueous solution and being cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. The hydrogels exhibited microporous structure and high hydrophilicity, which contribute to the excellent water absorption property. The growth indexes, including the germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the seedlings, were investigated. The results showed that cellulose anionic hydrogels with suitable carboxylate contents as plant growth regulators could be beneficial for seed germination and growth. Moreover, they presented preferable antifungal activity during the breeding and growth of the sesame seed breeding. Thus, the cellulose anionic hydrogels with suitable carboxylate contents could be applied as soilless culture mediums for plant growth. This research provided a simple and effective method for the fabrication of cellulose anionic hydrogel and evaluated its application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Minmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sesame Genetic Improvement Laboratory, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qian Luan
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xia Xiang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuping Bao
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides essential supports three dimensionally to the cells in living organs, including mechanical support and signal, nutrition, oxygen, and waste transportation. Thus, using hydrogels to mimic its function has attracted much attention in recent years, especially in tissue engineering, cell biology, and drug screening. However, a hydrogel system that can merit all parameters of the natural ECM is still a challenge. In the past decade, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has arisen as an outstanding building material for the hydrogels, as it has unique properties compared to most synthetic or natural polymers, such as sequence designability, precise recognition, structural rigidity, and minimal toxicity. By simple attachment to polymers as a side chain, DNA has been widely used as cross-links in hydrogel preparation. The formed secondary structures could confer on the hydrogel designable responsiveness, such as response to temperature, pH, metal ions, proteins, DNA, RNA, and small signal molecules like ATP. Moreover, single or multiple DNA restriction enzyme sites could be incorporated into the hydrogels by sequence design and greatly expand the latitude of their responses. Compared with most supramolecular hydrogels, these DNA cross-linked hydrogels could be relatively strong and easily adjustable via sequence variation, but it is noteworthy that these hydrogels still have excellent thixotropic properties and could be easily injected through a needle. In addition, the quick formation of duplex has also enabled the multilayer three-dimensional injection printing of living cells with the hydrogel as matrix. When the matrix is built purely by DNA assembly structures, the hydrogel inherits all the previously described characteristics; however, the long persistence length of DNA structures excluded the small size meshes of the network and made the hydrogel permeable to nutrition for cell proliferation. This unique property greatly expands the cell viability in the three-dimensional matrix to several weeks and also provides an easy way to prepare interpenetrating double network materials. In this Account, we outline the stream of hydrogels based on DNA self-assembly and discuss the mechanism that brings outstanding properties to the materials. Unlike most reported hydrogel systems, the all-in-one character of the DNA hydrogel avoids the "cask effect" in the properties. We believe the hydrogel will greatly benefit cell behavior studies especially in the following aspects: (1) stem cell differentiation can be studied with solely tunable mechanical strength of the matrix; (2) the dynamic nature of the network can allow cell migration through the hydrogel, which will help to build a more realistic model to observe the migration of cancer cells in vivo; (3) combination with rapidly developing three-dimension printing technology, the hydrogel will boost the construction of three-dimensional tissues and artificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoyang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang Y, Shao Y, Ma X, Zhou B, Faulkner-Jones A, Shu W, Liu D. Constructing Tissuelike Complex Structures Using Cell-Laden DNA Hydrogel Bricks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12311-12315. [PMID: 28300395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has long been a challenge because of the difficulty of addressing the requirements that such an engineered tissue must meet. In this paper, we developed a new "brick-to-wall" based on unique properties of DNA supramolecular hydrogels to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) tissuelike structures: different cell types are encapsulated in DNA hydrogel bricks which are then combined to build 3D structures. Signal responsiveness of cells through the DNA gels was evaluated and it was discovered that the gel permits cell migration in 3D. The results demonstrated that this technology is convenient, effective and reliable for cell manipulation, and we believe that it will benefit artificial tissue fabrication and future large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bini Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alan Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Stoll H, Steinle H, Stang K, Kunnakattu S, Scheideler L, Neumann B, Kurz J, Degenkolbe I, Perle N, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Generation of Large-Scale DNA Hydrogels with Excellent Blood and Cell Compatibility. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27758025 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of biomaterials codetermine the success of tissue engineering applications. DNA, the natural component of our cells, is an auspicious biomaterial for the generation of designable scaffolds with tailorable characteristics. In this study, a combination of rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification is used to generate hydrogels at centimeter scale consisting solely of DNA. Using an in vitro rotation model and fresh human blood, the reaction of the hemostatic system on DNA hydrogels is analyzed. The measurements of hemolysis, platelets activation, and the activation of the complement, coagulation, and neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrate excellent hemocompatibility. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the DNA hydrogels is tested by indirect contact (agar diffusion tests) and material extract experiments with L929 murine fibroblasts according to the ISO 10993-5 specifications and no negative impact on the cell viability is detected. These results indicate the promising potential of DNA hydrogels as biomaterials for versatile applications in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Stoll
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Stang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silju Kunnakattu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- Section "Medical Material Science and Technology", Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstraße 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ilka Degenkolbe
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadja Perle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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