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Belasco JG, Knowles JR. Polarization of substrate carbonyl groups by yeast aldolase: investigation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1983; 22:122-9. [PMID: 6338912 DOI: 10.1021/bi00270a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The infrared spectrum of the complex of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate bound to yeast aldolase displays three spectral features between 1700 and 1800 cm-1. One of these (at 1730 cm-1) corresponds to the carbonyl group of enzyme-bound D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and/or dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The frequency of this band, which is unaffected by the removal of the intrinsic zinc ion from the enzyme, demonstrates that this carbonyl group is not significantly polarized when the substrate binds to the enzyme. In contrast, the spectral band assigned to the carbonyl group of enzyme-bound D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (at 1706 cm-1) appears at a frequency 24 cm-1 lower than when this substrate is in aqueous solution. This shift indicates considerable polarization of the carbonyl group when D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is bound at the active site. The third spectral feature (at 1748 cm-1), which is observed only in the presence of potassium ion, probably corresponds to an enzymic carboxyl group in a nonpolar environment.
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52
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Fischer S, Tsugita A. Amino acid sequence around the active site of two class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases from staphylococci. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 128:343-8. [PMID: 7151782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequences of a 26-residue segment containing the active-site lysyl residue of the class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been determined. The sequence homology within the active sites between these enzymes and those from several eucaryotic class I aldolases showed a maximum of 21%. The similarity may indicate the origin of both procaryotic and eucaryotic class I aldolases from a common ancestor.
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53
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Fischer S, Luczak H, Schleifer K. Improved methods for the detection of class I and class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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54
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Crow VL, Thomas TD. D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase from lactic streptococci: purification, properties, and use in measuring intracellular tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. J Bacteriol 1982; 151:600-8. [PMID: 6807956 PMCID: PMC220300 DOI: 10.1128/jb.151.2.600-608.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two D-ketohexose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases are present in Streptococcus cremoris E8 and S. lactis C10. One aldolase, which was induced by growth on either lactose or galactose, was active with both tagatose 1,6-diphosphate (TDP) and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), having a lower Km and a higher Vmax with TDP as the substrate. This enzyme, named TDP aldolase, had properties typical of a class I aldolase, being insensitive to EDTA and showing substrate-dependent inactivation by sodium borohydride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis indicated a subunit molecular weight of 34,500. The amino acid composition of TDP aldolase is reported. When the enzyme was incubated with either triose phosphates or FDP, the equilibrium mixture contained an FDP/TDP ratio of 6.9:1. The other aldolase, which had properties typical of a class II aldolase, showed activity with FDP but not with TDP. The intracellular TDP concentration, measured with the purified TDP aldolase, was 0.4 to 4.0 mM in cells growing on lactose or galactose and was lower (0 to 1.0 mM) in cells growing on glucose. The intracellular concentration of FDP was always higher than that of TDP. The role of ketohexose diphosphates in the regulation of end product fermentation by lactic streptococci is discussed.
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55
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Bai NJ, Pai MR, Murthy PS, Venkitasubramanian TA. Fructose diphosphate aldolase-class I (Schiff base) fromMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. J Biosci 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02702620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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58
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Bissett D, Anderson R. Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. IV. Isolation and properties of a class I D-ketohexose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase that catalyzes the cleavage of D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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59
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Scamuffa MD, Caprioli RM. Comparison of the mechanisms of two distinct aldolases from Escherichia coli grown on gluconeogenic substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 614:583-90. [PMID: 6996735 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(80)90247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli grown on gluconeogenic compounds as carbon sources produced two chemically and physically distinct types of fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolases (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatelyase, EC 4.1.2.13), while these bacteria produced only a single enzyme when grown on glucose or fructose. We have investigated this enzyme in several strains of Escherichia coli (Crookes, K-12, and B) grown on glucose, fructose lactate, pyruvate, alanine and glycerol by comparing chemical properties and mechanisms of action. Comparison of these mechanisms was accomplished by following the fate of 18O in the keto position of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate during the aldolase catalyzed cleavage reaction. The results show that the two enzymes have different mechanisms of action and are consistent with a Schiff-base mechanism for the one which was induced by gluconeogenic substrates and metal-chelate mechanism for the constitutive enzyme.
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60
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Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase from Helix pomatia—II. Chemical and physical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(80)90137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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61
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Benfield PA, Forcina BG, Gibbons I, Perham RN. Extended amino acid sequences around the active-site lysine residue of class-I fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases from rabbit muscle, sturgeon muscle, trout muscle and ox liver. Biochem J 1979; 183:429-44. [PMID: 534504 PMCID: PMC1161574 DOI: 10.1042/bj1830429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Amino acid sequences covering the region between residues 173 and 248 [adopting the numbering system proposed by Lai, Nakai & Chang (1974) Science 183, 1204-1206] were derived for trout (Salmo trutta) muscle aldolase and for ox liver aldolase. A comparable sequence was derived for residues 180-248 of sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) muscle aldolase. The close homology with the rabbit muscle enzyme was used to align the peptides of the other aldolases from which the sequences were derived. The results also allowed a partial sequence for the N-terminal 39 residues for the ox liver enzyme to be deduced. 2. In the light of the strong homology evinced for these enzymes, a re-investigation of the amino acid sequence of rabbit muscle aldolase between residues 181 and 185 was undertaken. This indicated the presence of a hitherto unsuspected -Ile-Val-sequence between residues 181 and 182 and the need to invert the sequence -Glu-Val- to -Val-Glx- at positions 184 and 185. 3. Comparison of the available amino acid sequences of these enzymes suggested an early evolutionary divergence of the genes for muscle and liver aldolases. It was also consistent with other evidence that the central region of the primary structure of these enzymes (which includes the active-site lysine-227) forms part of a conserved folding domain in the protein subunit. 4. Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequences proposed has been deposited as Suy Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.
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62
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Collins JJ, Alder CR, Fernandez-Pol JA, Court D, Johnson GS. Transient growth inhibition of Escherichia coli K-12 by ion chelators: "in vivo" inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis. J Bacteriol 1979; 138:923-32. [PMID: 110773 PMCID: PMC218123 DOI: 10.1128/jb.138.3.923-932.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ion chelators picolinic acid, quinaldic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 8-hydroxyquinoline, but not ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetate, or dipicolinic acid, rapidly but transiently arrest growth of Escherichia coli K-12. Cells adapt and become resistant to growth inhibition by these agents, a process which requires protein synthesis. Mn2+, at low concentrations, decreases the time required for resumption of growth. Proteins synthesized during the lag are quantitatively and qualitatively different from those synthesized during normal growth. Inhibition of growth can explained by an effect on RNA polymerase, a known metalloenzyme.
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63
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Götz F, Nürnberger E, Schleifer K. Distribution of class-I and class-II D-fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolases in various staphylococci, peptococci and micrococci. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1979.tb03315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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64
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Jones LP, Morita RY, Becker RR. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Vibrio marinus, a psychrophilic marine bacterium. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1979; 19:97-106. [PMID: 39385 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630190205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (Fru-P2A) from a psychrophilic marine bacterium was found to be Class II aldolase based on activation by K+, activation by divalent cations, inactivation by EDTA, low molecular weight, and similar values for Km, Vmax, and Arrhenius activation energy. This enzyme was not markedly different in amino acid composition from the enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms, yet it has unusual thermal properties.
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65
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Heil J, Lebherz H. “Hybridization” between aldolase subunits derived from mammalian and plant origin. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)46973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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66
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Baldwin SA, Perham RN, Stribling D. Purification and characterization of the class-II D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli (Crookes' strain). Biochem J 1978; 169:633-41. [PMID: 417719 PMCID: PMC1183836 DOI: 10.1042/bj1690633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new form of the class-II D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) of Escherichia coli (Crookes' strain) was isolated from an extract of glycerol-grown bacteria. It has a higher molecular weight (approx. 80000)than previous preparations of the enzyme and closely resembles the typical class-II aldolase from yeast in size and amino acid composition. On the other hand, its kinetic behaviour is not typical of a class-II aldolase. The enzyme has no requirement for thiol compounds either for stability or activity, added K+ ions have no effect, and the optimum pH for the cleavage activity is unusually high. The class-II enzymes from the prokaryote E. coli and the eukaryote yeast show no immunological identity. However, the similarity of their structures suggests that they have evolved from a common ancestor.
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67
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Baldwin SA, Perham RN. Novel kinetic and structural properties of the class-I D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli (Crookes' strain). Biochem J 1978; 169:643-52. [PMID: 348198 PMCID: PMC1183837 DOI: 10.1042/bj1690643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of aldolase 1, the class-I D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC4.1.2.13) from Escherichia coli (Crookes' strain), showed it to have unusual kinetic and structural properties. The enzyme appeared to be larger than was previously supposed and may be a decamer with a mol. wt. of approx. 340000. Its fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-cleavage activity was unaffected by these compounds. The enhancement exhibited a strong dependence on pH. These novel kinetic properties do not seem to be shared by any other fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, but recall the activation by polycarboxylic acids of the deoxyribose 3-phosphate aldolases from some other organisms. In view of its unusual properties, it is unlikely that aldolase 1 from E. coli is closely related to the class-1 aldolases that have been detected in several other prokaryotes, or to the typical class-1 enzymes from eukaryotes.
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68
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Irani MH, Maitra PK. Properties of Escherichia coli mutants deficient in enzymes of glycolysis. J Bacteriol 1977; 132:398-410. [PMID: 410789 PMCID: PMC221878 DOI: 10.1128/jb.132.2.398-410.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological properties of mutants of Escherichia coli defective in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerate 3-phosphate kinase, or enolase are described. Introduction of a lesion in any one of the reversible steps catalyzed by these enzymes impaired both the glycolytic and gluconeogenic capabilities of the cell and generated an obligatory requirement for a source of carbon above the block (gluconeogenic) and one below (oxidative). A mixture of glycerol and succinate supported the growth of these mutants. Mutants lacking glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerate 3-phosphate kinase could grow also on glycerol and glyceric acid, and enolase mutants could grow on glycerate and succinate, whereas double mutants lacking the kinase and enolase required l-serine in addition to glycerol and succinate. Titration of cell yield with limiting amounts of glycerol with Casamino Acids in excess, or vice versa, showed the gluconeogenic requirement of a growing culture of E. coli to be one-twentieth of its total catabolic and anabolic needs. Sugars and their derivatives inhibited growth of these mutants on otherwise permissive media. The mutants accumulated glycolytic intermediates above the blocked enzyme on addition of glucose or glycerol to resting cultures. Glucose inhibited growth and induced lysis. These effects could be substantially overcome by increasing the osmotic strength of the growth medium and, in addition, including 5 mM cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate therein. This substance countered to a large extent the severe repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis that glucose caused in these mutants.
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69
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McFadden BA, Purohit S. Itaconate, an isocitrate lyase-directed inhibitor in Pseudomonas indigofera. J Bacteriol 1977; 131:136-44. [PMID: 17593 PMCID: PMC235402 DOI: 10.1128/jb.131.1.136-144.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes catalyzing steps from ethanol to acetyl-coenzyme A, from malate to pyruvate, and from pyruvate to glucose 6-phosphate were identified in ethanol-grown Pseudomonas indigofera. Enzymes catalyzing the catabolism of glucose to pyruvate via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway were identified in glucose-grown cells. Phosphofructokinase could not be detected in Pseudomonas indigofera. Itaconate, a potent inhibitor of isocitrate lyase, abolished growth of P. indigofera on ethanol at concentrations that had little effect upon growth on glucose. The date obtained through enzyme analyses and studies of itaconate inhibition with both extracts and toluene-treated cells suggest that itaconate selectively inhibits and reduces the specific activity of isocitrate lyase.
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70
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Lengeler J. Analysis of mutations affecting the dissmilation of galactitol (dulcitol) in Escherichia coli K 12. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 152:83-91. [PMID: 325390 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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71
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72
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Satyanarayana K, Selvarajan VR, Swami KS. Some biochemical studies on denervated pedipalpal muscles of scorpion, Heterometrus fulvipes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 52:383-6. [PMID: 1183189 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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73
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Pradhan PG, Nadkarni GB. Adaptive alterations in Lactobacillus casei. Gluconeogenesis in cells grown on ribose. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 171:65-9. [PMID: 172026 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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74
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Anderson LE, Heinrikson RL, Nyes C. Chloroplast and cytoplasmic enzymes 1, 2, 3. Subunit structure of pea leaf aldolases. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 169:262-8. [PMID: 1155947 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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75
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Su CH, Merlie JP, Goldfine H. Rapid cessation of phospholipid synthesis in fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1975; 122:565-9. [PMID: 1092657 PMCID: PMC246092 DOI: 10.1128/jb.122.2.565-569.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli GH352, which was originally described as a temperature-sensitive strain containing a thermolabile acyl coenzyme A:monoacylglycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, does not now contain a thermolabile form of this enzyme. It has a defect in fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase and at least one additional temperature-sensitive lesion. Both strains GH352 and NP315, a temperature-sensitive aldolase mutant, show rapid cessation of 32-P1 incorporation into nucleic acids and phospholipids at 42 C. These characteristics of strain GH352 are therefore no longer attributed to thermolabile phospholipid synthesis, but can be attributed to the fructose-1,6-diphophate aldolase lesion.
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78
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Lebherz HG, Rutter WJ. The class I (Schiff base) fructose-diphosphate aldolase of Peptococcus aerogenes. Methods Enzymol 1975; 42:249-58. [PMID: 237182 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(75)42122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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79
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Stribling D. Properties of the phosphonomethyl isosteres of two phosphate ester glycolytic intermediates. Biochem J 1974; 141:725-8. [PMID: 4377104 PMCID: PMC1168178 DOI: 10.1042/bj1410725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzymic synthesis of the 1-phosphonomethyl isostere of fructose 1,6-diphosphate in which the 1-phosphate (-OPO(3)H(2)) is replaced by the phosphonomethyl group (-CH(2)PO(3)H(2)) is described. The kinetic properties of this fructose diphosphate isostere and of 4-hydroxy-3-oxobutylphosphonic acid, an isostere of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, with aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), fructose diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are described (see Table 1).
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81
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Bai NJ, Pai MR, Murthy PS, Venkitasubramanian TA. Effect of oxygen tension on the aldolases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. FEBS Lett 1974; 45:68-70. [PMID: 4213059 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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82
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Lambert JM, Perham RN. A comparison of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from ox muscle and liver. FEBS Lett 1974; 40:305-8. [PMID: 4850184 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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