51
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Wei HT, Guo EN, Liao XW, Chen LS, Wang JL, Ni M, Liang C. Genome‑scale analysis to identify potential prognostic microRNA biomarkers for predicting overall survival in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1947-1958. [PMID: 30066920 PMCID: PMC6111604 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential prognostic microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) prognostic prediction using the dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The genome‑wide miRNA sequencing dataset and corresponding COAD clinical information were downloaded from TCGA. Prognosis‑related miRNA screening was performed by genome‑wide multivariable Cox regression analysis and used for prognostic signature construction. Ten miRNAs (hsa‑mir‑891a, hsa‑mir‑6854, hsa‑mir‑216a, hsa‑mir‑378d‑1, hsa‑mir‑92a‑1, hsa‑mir‑4709, hsa‑mir‑92a‑2, hsa‑mir‑210, hsa‑mir‑940 and hsa‑mir‑887) were identified as prognostic miRNAs and used for further prognostic signature construction. The 10‑miRNA prognostic signature showed good performance in prognosis prediction (adjusted P<0.0001; adjusted hazard ratio, 4.580; 95% confidence interval, 2.783‑7.538). In the time‑dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.735, 0.788, 0.806, 0.806, 0.775 and 0.900 for 1‑, 2‑, 3‑, 4‑, 5‑ and 10‑year COAD overall survival prediction, respectively. Comprehensive survival analysis suggested that the 10‑miRNA prognostic signature is an independent prognostic factor in COAD, with a better performance in COAD overall survival prediction than other traditional clinical parameters. Functional enrichment indicated that the corresponding target genes were significantly enriched in multiple biological processes and pathways, including regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell growth, and Wnt and transforming growth factor‑β signaling pathways. In conclusion, our present study identified a 10‑miRNA expression signature that may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530031, P.R. China
| | - Er-Na Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Sheng Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530031, P.R. China
| | - Min Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530031, P.R. China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530031, P.R. China
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52
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Identification of endogenous microRNA references in porcine serum for quantitative real-time PCR normalization. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:943-949. [PMID: 30047037 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes, and they affect important biological and physiological states. Circulating miRNAs in blood are useful markers of metabolism and economic traits. Expression levels of circulating miRNAs have been estimated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Proper normalization is critical for accurate miRNA expression analysis. However, there is no study which systematically presented endogenous reference genes for evaluating circulating miRNA expression in pigs. In this study, ten porcine miRNAs (let-7a, miR-16, miR-17, miR-23a, miR-26a, miR-93, miR-103, miR-107, miR-127 and miR-191), based on the literature, were chosen as candidate reference miRNAs in serum. We evaluated the expression stability value of these miRNAs in Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire pigs using geNorm and NormFinder. We determined the optimal combination of reference miRNAs for qPCR experiments: miR-127 and miR-17 in Berkshire pigs; miR-127 and miR-93 in Duroc and Landrace pigs; miR-127 and miR-16 in Yorkshire pigs. miR-127 was the best reference gene in pigs, regardless of the breed. Our study is crucial for the discovery of novel biomarkers in pigs. The reference miRNAs presented in this study could be used as appropriate reference genes for the measurement of circulating miRNA levels in studies of physiological blood metabolites.
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Zhou D, Xue J, He S, Du X, Zhou J, Li C, Huang L, Nair V, Yao Y, Cheng Z. Reticuloendotheliosis virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup J synergistically increase the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs. Retrovirology 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29970099 PMCID: PMC6029113 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis virus induces synergistic pathogenic effects and increases mortality. However, the role of exosomal miRNAs in the molecular mechanism of the synergistic infection of the two viruses remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, exosomal RNAs from CEF cells infected with ALV-J, REV or both at the optimal synergistic infection time were analysed by Illumina RNA deep sequencing. A total of 54 (23 upregulated and 31 downregulated) and 16 (7 upregulated and 9 downregulated) miRNAs were identified by comparing co-infection with two viruses, single-infected ALV-J and REV, respectively. Moreover, five key miRNAs, including miR-184-3p, miR-146a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-3538 and miR-155, were validated in both exosomes and CEF cells by qRT-PCR. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes showed that the five differentially expressed miRNAs participated in virus-vector interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism and cell growth. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that REV and ALV-J synergistically increased the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs, which sheds light on the synergistic molecular mechanism of ALV-J and REV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Chengui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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54
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Wang C, Jogaiah S, Zhang W, Abdelrahman M, Fang JG. Spatio-temporal expression of miRNA159 family members and their GAMYB target gene during the modulation of gibberellin-induced grapevine parthenocarpy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3639-3650. [PMID: 29905866 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine, Vitis vinifera, is an important economic fruit crop that is highly sensitive to gibberellin (GA), and the exogenous application of GA can efficiently induce grapevine parthenocarpy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. In this study, morphological changes during flower development in response to GA treatments were examined in the 'Zuijinxiang' cultivar. To obtain insights into the roles of miRNA159s in GA-induced grapevine parthenocarpy, VvmiR159a, VvmiR159b, VvmiR159c, and their target gene VvGAMYB were isolated, sequenced and characterized. Spatial-temporal expression analyses showed that VvmiR159c exhibited the highest expression levels at 4 d before flowering, followed by a gradual decrease, while VvGAMYB displayed an opposite pattern of expression with the lowest expression at the corresponding stage in response to GA treatment. A cleavage interaction between VvmiR159s and VvGAMYB and variations of their cleavage roles were confirmed in grapevine floral development. In addition, the potential roles of VvmiR159s in GA signaling were investigated through DELLA-protein repressors, indicating that GA-DELLA (SLR1)-VvmiR159c-VvGAMYB is the key signaling regulatory module in grapevine. Our findings provide novel insights into the GA-responsive roles of VvmiR159s in modulating grapevine floral development, which have important implications for the molecular breeding of high-quality seedless grapevine berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Plant Healthcare and Diagnostic Center, Department of Studies in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - WenYing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jing Gui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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55
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Xia SS, Zhang GJ, Liu ZL, Tian HP, He Y, Meng CY, Li LF, Wang ZW, Zhou T. MicroRNA-22 suppresses the growth, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through a Sp1 negative feedback loop. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36266-36278. [PMID: 28422727 PMCID: PMC5482653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have recently emerged as regulators of many biological processes including cell proliferation, development and differentiation. This study identified that miR-22 was statistically decreased in colorectal cancer clinical specimens and highly metastatic cell lines. Moreover, low miR-22 expression was associated with tumor metastasis, advanced clinical stage and relapse. Consistent with clinical observations, miR-22 significantly suppressed the ability of colorectal cancer cells to growth and metastasize in vitro and in vivo. Sp1 was validated as a target of miR-22, and ectopic expression of Sp1 compromised the inhibitory effects of miR-22. In addition, Sp1 repressed miR-22 transcription by binding to the miR-22 promoter, hence forming a negative feedback loop. Further study has shown that miR-22 suppresses the activity of PTEN/AKT pathway by Sp1. Our present results implicate the newly indentified miR-22/Sp1/PTEN/AKT axis might represent a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Sen Xia
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jun Zhang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Liang Liu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Peng Tian
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yuan Meng
- The Department of Pathology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fa Li
- The Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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56
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Dubey R, Malhotra SS, Gupta SK. Forskolin-mediated BeWo cell fusion involves down-regulation of miR-92a-1-5p that targets dysferlin and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12834. [PMID: 29484758 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To study the role of miRNA(s) during trophoblastic BeWo cell fusion. METHOD OF STUDY Changes in miRNA(s) profile of BeWo cells treated with forskolin were analyzed using Affymetrix miRNA microarray platform. Down-regulated miRNA, miR-92a-1-5p, was overexpressed in BeWo cells followed by forskolin treatment to understand its relevance in the process of BeWo cell fusion by desmoplakin I+II staining and hCG secretion by ELISA. Predicted targets of miR-92a-1-5p were also confirmed by qRT-PCR/Western blotting. RESULTS The miRNA profiling of BeWo cells after forskolin (25 μmol/L) treatment identified miR-92a-1-5p as the most significantly down-regulated miRNA both at 24 and 48 hours time points. Overexpression of miR-92a-1-5p in these cells led to a significant decrease in forskolin-mediated cell fusion and hCG secretion. miRNA target prediction software, TargetScan, revealed dysferlin (DYSF) and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA), as target genes of miR-92a-1-5p. Overexpression of miR-92a-1-5p in BeWo cells showed reduction in forskolin-induced transcripts for DYSF and PRKACA. Further, reduction in DYSF (~2.6-fold) at protein level and PRKACA-encoded protein kinase A catalytic subunit alpha (PKAC-α; ~1.6-fold) were also observed. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that miR-92a-1-5p regulates forskolin-mediated BeWo cell fusion and hCG secretion by regulating PKA signaling pathway and dysferlin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Dubey
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha S Malhotra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish K Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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57
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Shen J, Li M. MicroRNA-744 Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer by Directly Targeting Oncogene Notch1. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1401-1409. [PMID: 29471890 PMCID: PMC7844638 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15188747585738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have strongly implicated aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in carcinogenesis and cancer progression of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, a comprehensive study of miRNAs and their association with CRC may be a promising therapeutic method for patients with this malignancy. MicroRNA-744 (miR-744) is abnormally expressed in several types of human cancer. Thus far, little is known about the expression, biological roles, and exact mechanisms of miR-744 in CRC. Thus, the present study measured the expression level of miR-744 and investigated its roles and associated molecular mechanisms in CRC. This study demonstrated that miR-744 expression was significantly underexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Low miR-744 expression was positively associated with lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. Functional experiments revealed that miR-744 overexpression obviously inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Notch1 was identified as a direct target of miR-744 in CRC. Moreover, the inhibition of Notch1 phenocopied the inhibitory effects of miR-744 overexpression on CRC cells. Restored Notch1 expression markedly rescued the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-744 overexpression on CRC cells. Overall, miR-744 exhibits an essential role in CRC progression, and the miR-744/Notch1 axis may provide novel insights into future treatments for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Minzhe Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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58
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yan W, Wang W, Zhao X, Ma X, Gao X, Zhang S. Association between three functional microRNA polymorphisms (miR-499 rs3746444, miR-196a rs11614913 and miR-146a rs2910164) and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:393-407. [PMID: 27880723 PMCID: PMC5352128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three functional microRNA polymorphisms (miR-499 rs3746444 A > G, miR-196a rs11614913 C > T and miR-146a rs2910164 G > C) have been reported to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. However, the results of the published studies are inconsistent. In order to obtain a more credible result, we conducted this meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association. Thirty-eight eligible studies with 17,417 cases and 18,988 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that the rs3746444 was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in the four genetic models (G vs. A: OR = 1.17, P = 0.008; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.41, P < 0.001; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.10, P = 0.036; GG+AG vs. AA: OR = 1.16, P = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant correlation remained in Asians but not in Caucasians. For rs11614913, obvious decreased breast cancer risk was observed in Caucasian populations (T vs. C: OR = 0.93, P = 0.044). However, we couldn't detect an association between rs2910164 and breast cancer risk. This meta-analysis demonstrates that rs3746444 could increase breast cancer risk in Asians and in general populations, while rs11614913 could decrease the risk of breast cancer in Caucasians. The rs2910164 polymorphism has no association with breast cancer risk. More multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanjun Yan
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingcong Ma
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yang X, Wang HL, Liang HW, Liang L, Wen DY, Zhang R, Chen G, Wei DM. Clinical significance of microRNA-449a in hepatocellular carcinoma with microarray data mining together with initial bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3247-3258. [PMID: 29545842 PMCID: PMC5841030 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNA (miR)-449a expression is reduced in various types of tumors and that it serves as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-449a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been thoroughly elucidated and is disputed. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to systematically review the current literature and to utilize the public Gene Expression Omnibus database to determine the role of miR-449a and its significance in HCC. A total of eight original papers and seven microarrays were included in the present study. Based on the evidence, miR-449a was reduced in HCC. miR-449a is likely involved in various signaling pathways and is targeted to multiple mRNA as part of its function in HCC. In addition, a preliminary bioinformatic analysis was conducted for miR-449a to investigate the novel potential pathways that miR-449a may participate in regarding HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yue Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Strubberg AM, Madison BB. MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:197-214. [PMID: 28250048 PMCID: PMC5374322 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation
and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present
in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in
abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have
documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported
to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their
frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or
magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here,
we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs
(anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability
in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel
techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the
diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease.
MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their
function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA
mimics. Summary: This Review provides an overview of some important
microRNAs and their roles in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Strubberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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The roles of the exoribonucleases DIS3L2 and XRN1 in human disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1377-1384. [PMID: 27911720 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA degradation is a vital post-transcriptional process which ensures that transcripts are maintained at the correct level within the cell. DIS3L2 and XRN1 are conserved exoribonucleases that are critical for the degradation of cytoplasmic RNAs. Although the molecular mechanisms of RNA degradation by DIS3L2 and XRN1 have been well studied, less is known about their specific roles in the development of multicellular organisms or human disease. This review focusses on the roles of DIS3L2 and XRN1 in the pathogenesis of human disease, particularly in relation to phenotypes seen in model organisms. The known diseases associated with loss of activity of DIS3L2 and XRN1 are discussed, together with possible mechanisms and cellular pathways leading to these disease conditions.
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62
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Dueñas A, Aranega AE, Franco D. More than Just a Simple Cardiac Envelope; Cellular Contributions of the Epicardium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:44. [PMID: 28507986 PMCID: PMC5410615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult pumping heart is formed by distinct tissue layers. From inside to outside, the heart is composed by an internal endothelial layer, dubbed the endocardium, a thick myocardial component which supports the pumping capacity of the heart and exteriorly covered by a thin mesothelial layer named the epicardium. Cardiac insults such as coronary artery obstruction lead to ischemia and thus to an irreversible damage of the myocardial layer, provoking in many cases heart failure and death. Thus, searching for new pathways to regenerate the myocardium is an urgent biomedical need. Interestingly, the capacity of heart regeneration is present in other species, ranging from fishes to neonatal mammals. In this context, several lines of evidences demonstrated a key regulatory role for the epicardial layer. In this manuscript, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the developmental process leading to the formation of the epicardium, the distinct pathways controlling epicardial precursor cell specification and determination and current evidences on the regenerative potential of the epicardium to heal the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Dueñas
- Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Amelia E Aranega
- Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of JaénJaén, Spain
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Rutter GA, Latreille M. MiRNAs in β-Cell Development, Identity, and Disease. Front Genet 2017; 7:226. [PMID: 28123396 PMCID: PMC5225124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells regulate glucose metabolism by secreting insulin, which in turn stimulates the utilization or storage of the sugar by peripheral tissues. Insulin insufficiency and a prolonged period of insulin resistance are usually the core components of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although, decreased insulin levels in T2D have long been attributed to a decrease in β-cell function and/or mass, this model has recently been refined with the recognition that a loss of β-cell “identity” and dedifferentiation also contribute to the decline in insulin production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulatory molecules that display tissue-specific expression patterns and maintain the differentiated state of somatic cells. During the past few years, great strides have been made in understanding how miRNA circuits impact β-cell identity. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in regulating the acquisition of the β-cell fate during development and in maintaining mature β-cell identity and function during stress situations such as obesity, pregnancy, aging, or diabetes. We also discuss how miRNA function could be harnessed to improve our ability to generate β-cells for replacement therapy for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Mathieu Latreille
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondon, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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Łabno A, Tomecki R, Dziembowski A. Cytoplasmic RNA decay pathways - Enzymes and mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:3125-3147. [PMID: 27713097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA decay plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Work conducted over the last decades has defined the major mRNA decay pathways, as well as enzymes and their cofactors responsible for these processes. In contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms of degradation of non-protein coding RNA species is more fragmentary. This review is focused on the cytoplasmic pathways of mRNA and ncRNA degradation in eukaryotes. The major 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' mRNA decay pathways are described with emphasis on the mechanisms of their activation by the deprotection of RNA ends. More recently discovered 3'-end modifications such as uridylation, and their relevance to cytoplasmic mRNA decay in various model organisms, are also discussed. Finally, we provide up-to-date findings concerning various pathways of non-coding RNA decay in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łabno
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Tomecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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65
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Kushwaha M, Rostain W, Prakash S, Duncan JN, Jaramillo A. Using RNA as Molecular Code for Programming Cellular Function. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:795-809. [PMID: 26999422 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA is involved in a wide-range of important molecular processes in the cell, serving diverse functions: regulatory, enzymatic, and structural. Together with its ease and predictability of design, these properties can lead RNA to become a useful handle for biological engineers with which to control the cellular machinery. By modifying the many RNA links in cellular processes, it is possible to reprogram cells toward specific design goals. We propose that RNA can be viewed as a molecular programming language that, together with protein-based execution platforms, can be used to rewrite wide ranging aspects of cellular function. In this review, we catalogue developments in the use of RNA parts, methods, and associated computational models that have contributed to the programmability of biology. We discuss how RNA part repertoires have been combined to build complex genetic circuits, and review recent applications of RNA-based parts and circuitry. We explore the future potential of RNA engineering and posit that RNA programmability is an important resource for firmly establishing an era of rationally designed synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kushwaha
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - William Rostain
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
- iSSB, Genopole,
CNRS, UEVE, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Satya Prakash
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - John N. Duncan
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Alfonso Jaramillo
- Warwick
Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
- iSSB, Genopole,
CNRS, UEVE, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
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66
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are small molecules of 18-22 nucleotides that serve as important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. One of the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate gene expression involves the interaction of their "seed" sequences primarily with 3'-end and more rarely with 5'-end, of mRNA transcribed from target genes. Numerous studies over the past decade have been devoted to quantitative and qualitative assessment of miRNAs expression and have shown remarkable changes in miRNA expression profiles in various diseases. Thus, profiling of miRNA expression can be an important tool for diagnostics and treatment of disease. However, less attention has been paid towards understanding the underlying reasons for changes in miRNA expression, especially in cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to analyze and systematize current data that explains reasons for changes in the expression of miRNAs. The review will cover both transcriptional (changes in gene expression and promoter hypermethylation) and post-transcriptional (changes in miRNA processing) mechanisms of regulation of miRNA expression, as well as effects of endogenous (hormones, cytokines) and exogenous (xenobiotics) compounds on the miRNA expression. The review will summarize the complex multilevel regulation of miRNA expression, in relation to cell type, physiological state of the body and various external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- />Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov St., 2/12, Novosibirsk, 630117 Russia
- />Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Nicolay E. Kushlinskiy
- />The Russian Oncological Scientific Center of N. N. Blochin of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoye Highway 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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