51
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Cockburn A, Double MC. Cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens show no facultative manipulation of offspring sex ratio despite plausible benefits. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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52
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Absence of status signalling by structurally based ultraviolet plumage in wintering blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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53
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Brood Sex Ratios are Related to Male Size but not to Attractiveness in Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis Trichas). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/auk/124.1.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhen the reproductive value of sons differs from that of daughters, selection will favor broods biased toward the sex that can provide greater fitness benefits. In species where female choice is based on male ornamentation, females mated to highly ornamented males may experience a reproductive advantage by skewing the brood sex ratio toward sons. In the Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), males with larger black facial masks are more likely to gain a social mate and sire extrapair young and, as a result, have increased seasonal reproductive success. Females mated to larger-masked males could benefit if they produced more sons. Given that larger- masked males are preferred as extrapair sires, females may also benefit by producing more extrapair sons. We tested these hypotheses during a five-year study of Common Yellowthroats in Wisconsin. Contrary to our predictions, females did not produce more sons when mated to males with larger masks, and extrapair young were not more likely to be male. However, sons were more likely to be sired by males with longer tarsi, which suggests that females may respond to male body size rather than to male ornament size.El Cociente de Sexos en las Nidadas Está Relacionado con el Tamaño de los Machos pero no con el Atractivo en Geothlypis trichas
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54
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Peters A, Delhey K, Johnsen A, Kempenaers B. The Condition‐Dependent Development of Carotenoid‐Based and Structural Plumage in Nestling Blue Tits: Males and Females Differ. Am Nat 2007. [DOI: 10.1086/510139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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55
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Delhey K, Peters A, Johnsen A, Kempenaers B. Fertilization success and UV ornamentation in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus: correlational and experimental evidence. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arl096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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56
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Brood sex ratio and male UV ornamentation in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus): correlational evidence and an experimental test. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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57
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58
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59
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Parker TH, Barr IR, Griffith SC. The blue tit's song is an inconsistent signal of male condition. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arl041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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60
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Dubois NS, Dale Kennedy E, Getty T. Surplus nest boxes and the potential for polygyny affect clutch size and offspring sex ratio in house wrens. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:1751-7. [PMID: 16790407 PMCID: PMC1634788 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of many species can gain benefits from being choosy about their mates and even exhibit context-dependent investment in reproduction in response to the quality of their breeding situation. Here, we show that if a male house wren is provided with surplus nest boxes in his territory, his mate lays a larger clutch with a significantly higher proportion of sons. This response to a territory characteristic directly associated with male competitive ability, and ultimately to male reproductive success, suggests that male competition over access to high-quality territories with surplus nest boxes (i.e. those able to support polygyny) may influence female reproductive investment decisions. The results of this study have interesting implications, particularly considering the important role that studies of cavity nesting birds utilizing nest boxes have played in advancing our understanding of behaviour, ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Dubois
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, 49060, USA.
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61
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Extra-pair paternity, offspring mortality and offspring sex ratio in the socially monogamous coal tit (Parus ater). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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62
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Delhey K, Peters A, Johnsen A, Kempenaers B. Seasonal changes in blue tit crown color: do they signal individual quality? Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arl012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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63
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Korsten P, Lessells C(KM, Mateman AC, van der Velde M, Komdeur J. Primary sex ratio adjustment to experimentally reduced male UV attractiveness in blue tits. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arj061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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64
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Dowling DK, Mulder RA. Combined influence of maternal and paternal quality on sex allocation in red-capped robins. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:440-9. [PMID: 16599920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex allocation theory predicts females will adaptively manipulate sex ratios to maximize their progeny's reproductive value. Recently, the generality of biased sex allocation in birds has been questioned by meta-analytic reviews, which demonstrate that many previously reported significant results may simply reflect sampling error. Here, we utilize a robust sample size and powerful statistical approach to determine whether parental quality is correlated with biased sex allocation in red-capped robins. Indices of maternal quality (including interactive effects of age and condition) were strongly related to sex allocation. These relationships were in the predicted directions, with larger effect sizes than those of previous studies in this field. There were also paternal correlates, involving age and the source of paternity. We propose that biased sex allocation occurs in this species, and is maintained by differing production costs of each sex and genetic benefits to females of producing sons when fertilized by high-quality males.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Dowling
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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65
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Age-dependent association between testosterone and crown UV coloration in male blue tits (Parus caeruleus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-005-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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66
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Whittingham LA, Dunn PO, Nooker JK. Maternal influences on brood sex ratios: an experimental study in tree swallows. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 272:1775-80. [PMID: 16096088 PMCID: PMC1559874 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When the reproductive value of sons and daughters differ, parents are expected to adjust the sex ratio of their offspring to produce more of the sex that provides greater fitness returns. The body condition of females or environmental factors, such as food abundance and mate quality, may influence these expected fitness returns. In a previous study of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), we found that females produced more sons in their broods when they were in better body condition (mass corrected for size). We tested this relationship by experimentally clipping some flight feathers to reduce female body condition. As predicted, we found that females with clipped feathers had a lower proportion of sons in their broods and poorer body condition. However, female body condition alone was not a significant predictor of brood sex ratio in our experiment. We suggest that brood sex ratio is causally related to some other factor that covaries with body condition, most likely the foraging ability of females. The hypothesis that brood sex ratios are influenced by individual differences in female foraging ability is supported by a high repeatability of brood sex ratio for individual females. Thus, maternal effects may have a strong influence on the sex ratios of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Whittingham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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67
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Johnson LS, Wimmers LE, Johnson BG, Milkie RC, Molinaro RL, Gallagher BS, Masters BS. Sex manipulation within broods of house wrens? A second look. Anim Behav 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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68
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Dreiss A, Richard M, Moyen F, White J, Møller A, Danchin E. Sex ratio and male sexual characters in a population of blue tits, Parus caeruleus. Behav Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ari089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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69
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Eaton MD. Human vision fails to distinguish widespread sexual dichromatism among sexually "monochromatic" birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:10942-6. [PMID: 16033870 PMCID: PMC1182419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501891102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical scenarios of evolution of avian plumage coloration have been called into question with the discoveries that most birds can see UV light (which normal humans cannot), and that UV-reflecting plumages are widespread in birds. Several examples of sexual dichromatism not detectable with human visual capabilities suggest that our categorizations of plumages as sexually mono- or dichromatic might often be incorrect. Nonetheless, given the limited taxonomic scope of those examples, the vast majority of sexually monochromatic birds are still treated as such without question in avian research. Herein, I show that >90% of 139 species, in a broad sampling of presumed sexually monochromatic passerine birds, were actually sexually dichromatic from an avian visual perspective, based on comparisons of plumage reflectance data using a visual model of color discrimination thresholds. The taxonomic ubiquity of this result suggests that many existing interpretations of evolutionary patterns of sexual dichromatism in birds are erroneous. The visual model used herein provides a method for quantifying sexual dichromatism, revealing that most (58.7%) feather patches sampled lie along a continuum of dichromatism between avian and human discriminatory abilities and could represent unrecognized sexually selected signals. Sexual dichromatism in this study rarely resulted from intersexual differences in UV coloration alone, emphasizing the need for analysis of bird coloration in relation to the full extent of avian visual discriminatory abilities, including, but not limited to, UV-visual capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muir D Eaton
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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70
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WEATHERHEAD PATRICKJ, DUFOUR KEVINW. Limits to sexual size dimorphism in red-winged blackbirds: the cost of getting big? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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71
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Millon A, Bretagnolle V. Nonlinear and population-specific offspring sex ratios in relation to high variation in prey abundance. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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72
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Bouwman KM, Lessells CM, Komdeur J. Male reed buntings do not adjust parental effort in relation to extrapair paternity. Behav Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ari021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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73
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Limbourg T, Mateman AC, Andersson S, Lessells CM. Female blue tits adjust parental effort to manipulated male UV attractiveness. Proc Biol Sci 2004; 271:1903-8. [PMID: 15347512 PMCID: PMC1691818 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential allocation hypothesis predicts that parents should adjust their current investment in relation to perceived mate attractiveness if this affects offspring fitness. It should be selectively advantageous to risk more of their future reproductive success by investing heavily in current offspring of high reproductive value but to decrease investment if offspring value is low. If the benefits of mate attractiveness are limited to a particular offspring sex we would instead expect relative investment in male versus female offspring to vary with mate attractiveness, referred to as 'differential sex allocation'. We present strong evidence for differential allocation of parental feeding effort in the wild and show an immediate effect on a component of offspring fitness. By experimentally reducing male UV crown coloration, a trait known to indicate attractiveness and viability in wild-breeding blue tits (Parus caeruleus), we show that females, but not males, reduce parental feeding rates and that this reduces the skeletal growth of offspring. However, differential sex allocation does not occur. We conclude that blue tit females use male UV coloration as an indicator of expected offspring fitness and adjust their investment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Limbourg
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, PO Box 40,6666 ZG Heteren.
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74
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Offspring sex ratios correlate with pair–male condition in a cooperatively breeding fairy–wren. Behav Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arh117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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