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d'Orchymont F, Hess J, Panic G, Jakubaszek M, Gemperle L, Keiser J, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of organometallic derivatives of the antimalarial drug mefloquine as new antischistosomal drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1905-1909. [PMID: 30568758 PMCID: PMC6256353 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00396c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present the design, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of new ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl derivatives of the organic antimalarial mefloquine, a drug also known for its antischistosomal activity. The two metallocenyl derivatives prepared (3 and 4) demonstrated comparable activity to mefloquine against adult-stage Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. Importantly, both compounds were found to have lower toxicity in all cell lines than mefloquine itself. Administration of a 200 mg kg-1 oral dose of 3 and 4 to S. mansoni-infected mice did not significantly reduce worm burden, contrary to mefloquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine d'Orchymont
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Hess
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gordana Panic
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , CH-4051 , Basel , Switzerland .
- University of Basel , P.O. Box , CH-4003 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology , Chimie ParisTech , PSL University , F-75005 Paris , France .
| | - Lea Gemperle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , CH-4051 , Basel , Switzerland .
- University of Basel , P.O. Box , CH-4003 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology , Chimie ParisTech , PSL University , F-75005 Paris , France .
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52
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Kljun J, León IE, Peršič Š, Cadavid-Vargas JF, Etcheverry SB, He W, Bai Y, Turel I. Synthesis and biological characterization of organoruthenium complexes with 8-hydroxyquinolines. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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53
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Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Imbs AB. Ferrocene and titanocene steroid conjugates: Structures and activities - a brief review. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew B. Imbs
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Vladivostok Russia 690041
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54
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Braunschweig H, Damme A, Dück K, Krummenacher I, Paprocki V, Radacki K, Ramler J, Schiller C, Schneider C. Boryl- and Silyl-Substituted Mixed Sandwich Compounds of Scandium. Chemistry 2018; 24:2403-2409. [PMID: 29363206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An improved, one-pot synthesis of the linear sandwich compound [Sc(η5 -C5 H5 )(η8 -C8 H8 )] is presented. The synthetic procedure is amenable to boryl- and silyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl and cyclooctatetraenyl ligands, thereby yielding the first functionalized derivatives. We found that the synthesis of the silyl-substituted mixed sandwich complexes produces higher yields when the ligand exchange is carried out stepwise, by isolating the intermediate trimethylsilylated half-sandwich complex [Sc(η8 -C8 H7 SiMe3 )Cl(THF)] (THF=tetrahydrofuran). The molecular structures of the parent complex, as well as of its mono-boryl-substituted derivatives, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the optical and electrochemical properties of the mixed sandwich complexes are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Damme
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Dück
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carl Schiller
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Despite the incessant efforts to decrease exorbitant number of daily deaths, malaria remains a major threat to the public health in many countries. Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, it is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites that have become resistant to many antimalarial drugs. In this context, series of metal-based compounds have been screened for optimal activity against different Plasmodium species and strains. This chapter briefly reviews current and potential uses of metal complexes (such as iron, cobalt, nickel, gallium, copper, gold, and silver), metal chelators, and organometallic compounds, as interesting medicinal agents that greatly benefits the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra India
| | - Avinash P. Ingle
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra India
| | - Serenella Medici
- Departmento Di Chimica Farmacia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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56
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Nqoro X, Tobeka N, Aderibigbe BA. Quinoline-Based Hybrid Compounds with Antimalarial Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122268. [PMID: 29257067 PMCID: PMC6149725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of quinoline-based compounds for the treatment of malaria infections is hampered by drug resistance. Drug resistance has led to the combination of quinolines with other classes of antimalarials resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, the combination of antimalarials is limited by drug-drug interactions. In order to overcome the aforementioned factors, several researchers have reported hybrid compounds prepared by reacting quinoline-based compounds with other compounds via selected functionalities. This review will focus on the currently reported quinoline-based hybrid compounds and their preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhamla Nqoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Naki Tobeka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Blessing A Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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57
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In Vivo and In Vitro Activities and ADME-Tox Profile of a Quinolizidine-Modified 4-Aminoquinoline: A Potent Anti-P. falciparum and Anti-P. vivax Blood-Stage Antimalarial. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122102. [PMID: 29194347 PMCID: PMC6149971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a prolific source for the identification of new biologically active compounds. In the present work, we studied the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial efficacy and ADME-Tox profile of a molecular hybrid (AM1) between 4-aminoquinoline and a quinolizidine moiety derived from lupinine (Lupinus luteus). The aim was to find a compound endowed with the target product profile-1 (TCP-1: molecules that clear asexual blood-stage parasitaemia), proposed by the Medicine for Malaria Venture to accomplish the goal of malaria elimination/eradication. AM1 displayed a very attractive profile in terms of both in vitro and in vivo activity. By using standard in vitro antimalarial assays, AM1 showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against chloroquine-sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains (range IC50 16–53 nM), matched with a high potency against P. vivax field isolates (Mean IC50 29 nM). Low toxicity and additivity with artemisinin derivatives were also demonstrated in vitro. High in vivo oral efficacy was observed in both P.berghei and P. yoelii mouse models with IC50 values comparable or better than those of chloroquine. The metabolic stability in different species and the pharmacokinetic profile in the mouse model makes AM1 a compound worth further investigation as a potential novel schizonticidal agent.
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58
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Ferroquine, the next generation antimalarial drug, has antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15896. [PMID: 29162859 PMCID: PMC5698296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in medicine, cancer remains one of the most serious global health problems awaiting new effective therapies. Here we present ferroquine (FQ), the next generation antimalarial drug, as a promising candidate for repositioning as cancer therapeutics. We report that FQ potently inhibits autophagy, perturbs lysosomal function and impairs prostate tumor growth in vivo. We demonstrate that FQ negatively regulates Akt kinase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and is particularly effective in starved and hypoxic conditions frequently observed in advanced solid cancers. FQ enhances the anticancer activity of several chemotherapeutics suggesting its potential application as an adjuvant to existing anticancer therapy. Alike its parent compound chloroquine (CQ), FQ accumulates within and deacidifies lysosomes. Further, FQ induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-independent cancer cell death. Overall, our work identifies ferroquine as a promising new drug with a potent anticancer activity.
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59
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60
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Supan C, Mombo-Ngoma G, Kombila M, Ospina Salazar CL, Held J, Lell B, Cantalloube C, Djeriou E, Ogutu B, Waitumbi J, Otsula N, Apollo D, Polhemus ME, Kremsner PG, Walsh DS. Phase 2a, Open-Label, 4-Escalating-Dose, Randomized Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety and Activity of Ferroquine (SSR97193) Plus Artesunate, versus Amodiaquine Plus Artesunate, in African Adult Men with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:514-525. [PMID: 28722611 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin-based combination therapies are recommended as first-line agents for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ferroquine, a 4-aminoquinolone, is a novel long-acting combination partner for fast-acting drugs like artesunate (AS). We did a small phase 2a, multicenter, open-label, safety-focused dose-ranging randomized study of ferroquine at three African hospitals: two Gabonese and one Kenyan. We recruited adult men with symptomatic uncomplicated P. falciparum monoinfection. Four escalating doses of ferroquine (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg) were assessed in sequence, versus an amodiaquine comparator. After a 2:1 randomization (block size three, equating to N = 12 for each ferroquine dose and N = 6 for each of four amodiaquine comparator groups) patients received daily for three consecutive days, either ferroquine + AS (200 mg/day) or amodiaquine (612 mg/day) + AS (200 mg/day). Safety, electrocardiograms, parasite clearance times, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics were assessed to day 28. Seventy-two patients were randomized. Ferroquine + AS showed generally mild increases (Grade 1 toxicity) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels with a dose trend starting at 400 mg. There were two Grade 2 ALT events: one patient receiving 200 mg (3.8 upper limit of normal [ULN], day 7) and one receiving 600 mg (3.3 ULN, day 14), both without increased bilirubin. One ferroquine 100 mg + AS patient after one dose was withdrawn after developing a QTcF interval prolongation > 60 milliseconds over baseline. Parasitemias in all patients cleared quickly, with no recurrence through day 28. Hepatic, as well as cardiac, profiles should be monitored closely in future trials. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00563914).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Supan
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Maryvonne Kombila
- Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Carmen L Ospina Salazar
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Jana Held
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | | | - Bernhards Ogutu
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Waitumbi
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nekoye Otsula
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Duncan Apollo
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark E Polhemus
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Douglas S Walsh
- Walter Reed Project (Kisumu), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRU)-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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61
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Cinnamoylated chloroquine analogues: A new structural class of antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:382-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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62
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Rice DR, de Lourdes Betancourt Mendiola M, Murillo-Solano C, Checkley LA, Ferdig MT, Pizarro JC, Smith BD. Antiplasmodial activity of targeted zinc(II)-dipicolylamine complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2754-2760. [PMID: 28377170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study measured the antiplasmodial activity of nine zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) complexes against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative parasite of malaria. Growth inhibition assays showed significant activity against all tested strains, with 50% inhibitory concentrations between 5 and 600nM and almost no toxic effect against host cells including healthy red blood cells. Fluorescence microscopy studies with a green-fluorescent ZnDPA probe showed selective targeting of infected red blood cells. The results suggest that ZnDPA coordination complexes are promising antiplasmodial agents with potential for targeted malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Claribel Murillo-Solano
- Department of Tropical Medicine, J Bennett Johnston Building, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lisa A Checkley
- Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Michael T Ferdig
- Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Juan C Pizarro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, J Bennett Johnston Building, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Differential expression on mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase (mTcTXNPx) in Trypanosoma cruzi after ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides treatments. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:125-132. [PMID: 27918890 PMCID: PMC9427605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to benznidazole in certain strains of Trypanosoma cruzi may be caused by the increased production of enzymes that act on the oxidative metabolism, such as mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase which catalyses the reduction of peroxides. This work presents cytotoxicity assays performed with ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides in six different strains of T. cruzi epimastigote forms (Y, Bolivia, SI1, SI8, QMII, and SIGR3). The last four strains have been recently isolated from triatominae and mammalian host (domestic cat). The expression of mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase was analyzed by the Western blotting technique using polyclonal antibody anti mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase obtained from a rabbit immunized with the mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase recombinant protein. All the tested ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides were more cytotoxic than benznidazole. The expression of the 25.5 kDa polypeptide of mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase did not increase in strains that were more resistant to the ferrocenyl compounds (SI8 and SIGR3). In addition, a 58 kDa polypeptide was also recognized in all strains. Ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides showed trypanocidal activity and the expression of 25.5 kDa mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase is not necessarily increased in some T. cruzi strains. Most likely, other mechanisms, in addition to the over expression of this antioxidative enzyme, should be involved in the escape of parasites from cytotoxic oxidant agents.
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64
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Parhizgar AR, Tahghighi A. Introducing New Antimalarial Analogues of Chloroquine and Amodiaquine: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:115-128. [PMID: 28360437 PMCID: PMC5366359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold such as the important drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AQ), have been used to prevent and treat malaria for many years. The importance of these drugs is related to their simple usage, high efficacy, affordability, and cost-effectiveness of their synthesis. In recent years, with the spread of parasite resistance to CQ and cross-resistance to its other analogues have decreased their consumption in many geographical areas. On the other hand, AQ is an effective antimalarial drug which its usage has been restricted due to hepatic and hematological toxicities. The significance of the quinoline ring at quinoline-based antimalarial drugs has prompted research centers and pharmaceutical companies to focus on the design and synthesis of new analogues of these drugs, especially CQ and AQ analogues. Accordingly, various derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo against the resistant strains of the malaria parasite to solve the problem of drug resistance. Also, the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds have been evaluated to augment their efficacy and diminish their toxicity. Some of these analogues are currently in clinical and preclinical development. Consequently, the recent researches showed yet 4-aminoquinoline scaffold is active moiety in new compounds with antiplasmodial activity. Hence, the aim of this review article is to introduce of the novel synthetic analogues of CQ and AQ, which may constitute the next generation of antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rafiee Parhizgar
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Tahghighi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Martínez A, Deregnaucourt C, Sinou V, Latour C, Roy D, Schrével J, Sánchez-Delgado RA. Synthesis of an organo-ruthenium aminoquinoline-trioxane hybrid and evaluation of its activity against Plasmodium falciparum and its toxicity toward normal mammalian cells. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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67
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Meyer N, Schucht H, Lehmann CW, Weibert B, Winter RF, Mohr F. Multimetallic Gold-Iron Compounds Based on Aurated Ferrocenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Meyer
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Heike Schucht
- Chemische Kristallographie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian W. Lehmann
- Chemische Kristallographie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Bernhard Weibert
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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68
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Tapanelli S, Habluetzel A, Pellei M, Marchiò L, Tombesi A, Capparè A, Santini C. Novel metalloantimalarials: Transmission blocking effects of water soluble Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) phosphane complexes on the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 166:1-4. [PMID: 27815977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The water soluble phosphane complexes [M(L)4]PF6 (M=Cu(I), Ag(I)) and [Au(L)4]Cl (L=thp (tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphane) or PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane)) showed notable in vitro activity against Plasmodium early sporogonic stages, the sexual forms of the malaria parasite that are responsible for infection of the mosquito vector. Effects varied according to both, the type of metal and phosphane ligands. [Ag(thp)4]PF6 was the best performing complex exhibiting a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value in the low micromolar range (0.3-15.6μM). The silver complex [Ag(thp)4]PF6 was characterized by X-ray crystallography revealing that the structure comprises the cationic complex [Ag(thp)4]+, the PF6- anion, and a water molecule of crystallization. Our results revealed that Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) phosphanes complexes elicited similar activity profiles showing potential for the development of antimalarial, transmission blocking compounds. Molecules targeting the sexual parasite stages in the human and/or mosquito host are urgently needed to complement current artemisinin based treatments and next generation antimalarials in a vision not only to cure the disease but to interrupt its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tapanelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Piazza dei Costanti, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Annette Habluetzel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Piazza dei Costanti, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Tombesi
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ambra Capparè
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, MC, Italy
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McCarthy JS, Rückle T, Djeriou E, Cantalloube C, Ter-Minassian D, Baker M, O'Rourke P, Griffin P, Marquart L, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Möhrle JJ. A Phase II pilot trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of ferroquine against early Plasmodium falciparum in an induced blood-stage malaria infection study. Malar J 2016; 15:469. [PMID: 27624471 PMCID: PMC5022189 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroquine (SSR97193) is a candidate anti-malarial currently undergoing clinical trials for malaria. To better understand its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters the compound was tested in the experimentally induced blood stage malaria infection model in volunteers. Methods Male and non-pregnant female aged 18–50 years were screened for this phase II, controlled, single-centre clinical trial. Subjects were inoculated with ~1800 viable Plasmodium falciparum 3D7A-infected human erythrocytes, and treated with a single-dose of 800 mg ferroquine. Blood samples were taken at defined time-points to measure PK and PD parameters. The blood concentration of ferroquine and its active metabolite, SSR97213, were measured on dry blood spot samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Parasitaemia and emergence of gametocytes were monitored by quantitative PCR. Safety was determined by recording adverse events and monitoring clinical laboratory assessments during the course of the study. Results Eight subjects were enrolled into the study, inoculated with infected erythrocytes and treated with 800 mg ferroquine. Ferroquine was rapidly absorbed with maximal exposure after 4–8 and 4–12 h exposure for SSR97213. Non-compartmental PK analysis resulted in estimates for half-lives of 10.9 and 23.8 days for ferroquine and SSR97213, respectively. Parasite clearance as reported by parasite reduction ratio was 162.9 (95 % CI 141–188) corresponding to a parasite clearance half-life of 6.5 h (95 % CI: 6.4–6.7 h). PK/PD modelling resulted in a predicted minimal parasiticidal concentration of 20 ng/mL, and the single dosing tested in this study was predicted to maintain an exposure above this threshold for 454 h (37.8 days). Although ferroquine was overall well tolerated, transient elevated transaminase levels were observed in three subjects. Paracetamol was the only concomitant treatment among the two out of these three subjects that may have played a role in the elevated transaminases levels. No clinically significant ECG abnormalities were observed. Conclusions The parameters and PK/PD model derived from this study pave the way to the further rational development of ferroquine as an anti-malarial partner drug. The safety of ferroquine has to be further explored in controlled human trials. Trial registration anzctr.org.au (registration number: ACTRN12613001040752), registered 18/09/2013 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1511-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Rückle
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elhadj Djeriou
- Sanofi Aventis Recherche Développement, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Mark Baker
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland.,Novartis Consumer Health SA, 2 route de l'Etraz, Case Postale 1279, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Peter O'Rourke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Australia.,Q-Pharm Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jörg J Möhrle
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland.
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70
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Identification of a New Benzimidazole Derivative as an Antiviral against Hepatitis C Virus. J Virol 2016; 90:8422-34. [PMID: 27412600 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00404-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aminoquinolines and piperazines, linked or not, have been used successfully to treat malaria, and some molecules of this family also exhibit antiviral properties. Here we tested several derivatives of 4-aminoquinolines and piperazines for their activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). We screened 11 molecules from three different families of compounds, and we identified anti-HCV activity in cell culture for six of them. Of these, we selected a compound (B5) that is currently ending clinical phase I evaluation for neurodegenerative diseases. In hepatoma cells, B5 inhibited HCV infection in a pangenotypic and dose-dependent manner, and its antiviral activity was confirmed in primary hepatocytes. B5 also inhibited infection by pseudoparticles expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, and we demonstrated that it affects a postattachment stage of the entry step. Virus with resistance to B5 was selected by sequential passage in the presence of the drug, and reverse genetics experiments indicated that resistance was conferred mainly by a single mutation in the putative fusion peptide of E1 envelope glycoprotein (F291I). Furthermore, analyses of the effects of other closely related compounds on the B5-resistant mutant suggest that B5 shares a mode of action with other 4-aminoquinoline-based molecules. Finally, mice with humanized liver that were treated with B5 showed a delay in the kinetics of the viral infection. In conclusion, B5 is a novel interesting anti-HCV molecule that could be used to decipher the early steps of the HCV life cycle. IMPORTANCE In the last 4 years, HCV therapy has been profoundly improved with the approval of direct-acting antivirals in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the high costs of these drugs limit access to therapy in most countries. The present study reports the identification and characterization of a compound (B5) that inhibits HCV propagation in cell culture and is currently ending clinical phase I evaluation for neurodegenerative diseases. This molecule inhibits the HCV life cycle by blocking virus entry. Interestingly, after selection of drug-resistant virus, a resistance mutation in the putative fusion peptide of E1 envelope glycoprotein was identified, indicating that B5 could be used to further investigate the fusion mechanism. Furthermore, mice with humanized liver treated with B5 showed a delay in the kinetics of the viral infection. In conclusion, B5 is a novel interesting anti-HCV molecule that could be used to decipher the early steps of the HCV life cycle.
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71
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Błauż A, Rychlik B, Makal A, Szulc K, Strzelczyk P, Bujacz G, Zakrzewski J, Woźniak K, Plażuk D. Ferrocene-Biotin Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Cytotoxic Activity and Interaction with Avidin. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1191-1201. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura, 1 02-093 Warszawa Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szulc
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Paweł Strzelczyk
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Łódź University of Technology; Stefanowskiego 4/10 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Łódź University of Technology; Stefanowskiego 4/10 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Janusz Zakrzewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura, 1 02-093 Warszawa Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
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Bourke JD, Islam MT, Best SP, Tran CQ, Wang F, Chantler CT. Conformation Analysis of Ferrocene and Decamethylferrocene via Full-Potential Modeling of XANES and XAFS Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2792-2796. [PMID: 27391765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent high-accuracy X-ray absorption measurements of the sandwich organometallics ferrocene (Fc) and decamethylferrocene (DmFc) at temperatures close to liquid helium are compared with new full-potential modeling of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) covering the near-edge region (XANES) and above up to k = 7 Å(-1). The implementation of optimized calculations of the oscillatory part of the spectrum from the package FDMX allows detailed study of the spectra in regions of the photoelectron momentum most sensitive to differences in the molecular stereochemistry. For Fc and DmFc, this corresponds to the relative rotation of the cyclopentadienyl rings. When applied to high-accuracy XAFS of Fc and DmFc, the FDMX theory gives clear evidence for the eclipsed conformation for Fc and the staggered conformation for DmFc for frozen solutions at ca. 15 K. This represents the first clear experimental assignment of the solution structures of Fc and DmFc and reveals the potential of high-accuracy XAFS for structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C Q Tran
- School of Physics, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - F Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Wieczorek A, Błauż A, Żal A, Arabshahi HJ, Reynisson J, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Ferrocenyl Paclitaxel and Docetaxel Derivatives: Impact of an Organometallic Moiety on the Mode of Action of Taxanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:11413-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wieczorek
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; ul. Pomorska 141/143 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żal
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; ul. Pomorska 141/143 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Homayon John Arabshahi
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; ul. Pomorska 141/143 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
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Mischlinger J, Agnandji ST, Ramharter M. Single dose treatment of malaria - current status and perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:669-78. [PMID: 27254098 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1192462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increased international efforts for control and ultimate elimination, malaria remains a major health problem. Currently, artemisinin-based combination therapies are the treatment of choice for uncomplicated malaria exhibiting high efficacy in clinical trial settings in sub-Saharan Africa. However, their administration over a three-day period is associated with important problems of treatment adherence resulting in markedly reduced effectiveness of currently recommended antimalarials under real world settings. AREAS COVERED Antimalarial drug candidates and antimalarial drug combinations currently under advanced clinical development for the indication as single dose antimalarial therapy. Expert commentary: Several new drug candidates and combinations are currently undergoing pivotal proof-of-concept studies or clinical development programmes. The development of a single dose combination therapy would constitute a breakthrough in the control of malaria. Such an innovative treatment approach would simultaneously close the effectiveness gap of current three-day therapies and revolutionize population based interventions in the context of malaria elimination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mischlinger
- a Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné , Lambaréné , Gabon.,b Institut für Tropenmedizin , Universität Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Selidji T Agnandji
- a Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné , Lambaréné , Gabon.,b Institut für Tropenmedizin , Universität Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Michael Ramharter
- a Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné , Lambaréné , Gabon.,b Institut für Tropenmedizin , Universität Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.,c Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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75
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Ferrocenyl compounds derived from the reaction of phenylamines with ferrocenecarbonyl chloride: Synthesis, characterisation and their biological activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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76
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Hemmert C, Ramadani AP, Boselli L, Fernández Álvarez Á, Paloque L, Augereau JM, Gornitzka H, Benoit-Vical F. Antiplasmodial activities of gold(I) complexes involving functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3075-3082. [PMID: 27240469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of twenty five molecules, including imidazolium salts functionalized by N-, O- or S-containing groups and their corresponding cationic, neutral or anionic gold(I) complexes were evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and then on Vero cells to determine their selectivity. Among them, eight new compounds were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of three gold(I) complexes are presented. Except one complex (18), all the cationic gold(I) complexes show potent antiplasmodial activity with IC50 in the micro- and submicromolar range, correlated with their lipophilicity. Structure-activity relationships enable to evidence a lead-complex (21) displaying a good activity (IC50=210nM) close to the value obtained with chloroquine (IC50=514nM) and a weak cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hemmert
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Arba Pramundita Ramadani
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luca Boselli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Álvaro Fernández Álvarez
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Ekengard E, Kumar K, Fogeron T, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Haukka M, Monari M, Nordlander E. Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-rhodium and iridium complexes containing (N^N and N^O) bound chloroquine analogue ligands: synthesis, characterization and antimalarial properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3905-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium and iridium cyclopentadienyl complexes have been examined for anti-malarial activity. Three rhodium complexes are especially active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ekengard
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Group
- Chemical Physics
- Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Group
- Chemical Physics
- Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
| | - Thibault Fogeron
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Group
- Chemical Physics
- Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division of Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine
- University of Cape Town Medical School
- Observatory 7925
- South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine
- University of Cape Town Medical School
- Observatory 7925
- South Africa
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Group
- Chemical Physics
- Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
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78
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Camarada MB, Echeverria C, Ramirez-Tagle R. Medicinal organometallic compounds with anti-chagasic activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most important neglected tropical disorders, being a major health concern in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología
- Universidad Bernardo O Higgins
- Santiago
- Chile
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79
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Held J, Supan C, Salazar CLO, Tinto H, Bonkian LN, Nahum A, Moulero B, Sié A, Coulibaly B, Sirima SB, Siribie M, Otsyula N, Otieno L, Abdallah AM, Kimutai R, Bouyou-Akotet M, Kombila M, Koiwai K, Cantalloube C, Din-Bell C, Djeriou E, Waitumbi J, Mordmüller B, Ter-Minassian D, Lell B, Kremsner PG. Ferroquine and artesunate in African adults and children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging, non-inferiority study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1409-19. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Neidlinger A, Kienz T, Heinze K. Spin Trapping of Carbon-Centered Ferrocenyl Radicals with Nitrosobenzene. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neidlinger
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torben Kienz
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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81
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Gross A, Alborzinia H, Piantavigna S, Martin LL, Wölfl S, Metzler-Nolte N. Vesicular disruption of lysosomal targeting organometallic polyarginine bioconjugates. Metallomics 2015; 7:371-84. [PMID: 25608481 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compounds which are able to destabilize the lysosomal membrane have been proposed as interesting candidates for targeted anticancer drugs due to the pronounced lysosomal changes in cancer cells. For this purpose, metallocene derivatives of a cell penetrating polyarginine peptide M–(Arg)9(Phe)2Lys–NH2 (where M = ferrocene carboxylate or ruthenocene carboxylate) were designed and their biological activities were investigated in detail. The ferrocenoyl- and ruthenocenoyl polyarginine bioconjugates were synthesized via Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocols on a microwave-assisted synthesizer. After HPLC purification >98% purity was observed for all conjugates. Their interaction with supported biomimetic membranes was investigated on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and revealed a very strong binding of the metallocene peptides and their metal-free congeners to an artificial eukaryotic membrane model (DMPC–cholesterol). To demonstrate their antiproliferative utility as cytotoxic compounds for a targeted anticancer drug, cell viability (by the crystal violet assay), apoptosis (flow cytometry, Ann V/PI staining), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS, by flow cytometry with dihydroethidium staining), and changes in cancer cell metabolism, e.g. respiration and glycolysis, were studied. Our results reveal only a weak toxicity for the metal-free polyarginine peptide, which could be significantly enhanced (to ca. 50 μM against HeLa cells in the best case) by coupling ferrocene or ruthenocene carboxylates to the N-terminus of the peptide. The investigation of the cellular uptake and intracellular localization by fluorescence microscopy revealed an enhanced vesicular disruption by the metallocene bioconjugate compared to the metal-free derivative which could be triggered by light and chemicals. Further studies of apoptosis, respiration, glycolysis and ROS formation reveal the superior characteristics of the metallocene compounds. While most cells remain viable even at 300 μM of the metal free bioconjugate 1, most cells are dead or in late stages of apoptosis at 200 μM of the ruthenocene derivative 3, and at 100 μM of the most active ferrocene derivative 2, however, all show very little sign of necrosis. Also, the metal free compound 1 does not induce ROS formation but both metallocene–polyarginine bioconjugates are clearly associated with enhanced intracellular ROS levels, with levels for the redox-active ferrocene derivative being two times higher than for the structurally very similar but redox-silent ruthenocene derivative. We propose that such metallocene–polyarginine peptides induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and thereby could be developed towards targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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82
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Thie C, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Functionalised Benzyl Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thie
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
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Phyo AP, Jittamala P, Nosten FH, Pukrittayakamee S, Imwong M, White NJ, Duparc S, Macintyre F, Baker M, Möhrle JJ. Antimalarial activity of artefenomel (OZ439), a novel synthetic antimalarial endoperoxide, in patients with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria: an open-label phase 2 trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 16:61-69. [PMID: 26448141 PMCID: PMC4700386 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Artefenomel (OZ439) is a novel synthetic trioxolane with improved pharmacokinetic properties compared with other antimalarial drugs with the artemisinin pharmacophore. Artefenomel has been generally well tolerated in volunteers at doses up to 1600 mg and is being developed as a partner drug in an antimalarial combination treatment. We investigated the efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of artefenomel at different doses in patients with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria. Methods This phase 2a exploratory, open-label trial was done at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, and the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit in Thailand. Adult patients with acute, uncomplicated P falciparum or P vivax malaria received artefenomel in a single oral dose (200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, or 1200 mg). The first cohort received 800 mg. Testing of a new dose of artefenomel in a patient cohort was decided on after safety and efficacy assessment of the preceding cohort. The primary endpoint was the natural log parasite reduction per 24 h. Definitive oral treatment was given at 36 h. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01213966. Findings Between Oct 24, 2010, and May 25, 2012, 82 patients were enrolled (20 in each of the 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg cohorts, and 21 in the 1200 mg cohort). One patient withdrew consent (before the administration of artefenomel) but there were no further dropouts. The parasite reduction rates per 24 h ranged from 0·90 to 1·88 for P falciparum, and 2·09 to 2·53 for P vivax. All doses were equally effective in both P falciparum and P vivax malaria, with median parasite clearance half-lives of 4·1 h (range 1·3–6·7) to 5·6 h (2·0–8·5) for P falciparum and 2·3 h (1·2–3·9) to 3·2 h (0·9–15·0) for P vivax. Maximum plasma concentrations, dose-proportional to 800 mg, occurred at 4 h (median). The estimated elimination half-life was 46–62 h. No serious drug-related adverse effects were reported; other adverse effects were generally mild and reversible, with the highest number in the 1200 mg cohort (17 [81%] patients with at least one adverse event). The most frequently reported adverse effect was an asymptomatic increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase concentration (200 mg, n=5; 400 mg, n=3; 800 mg, n=1; 1200 mg, n=3). Interpretation Artefenomel is a new synthetic antimalarial peroxide with a good safety profile that clears parasitaemia rapidly in both P falciparum and P vivax malaria. Its long half-life suggests a possible use in a single-dose treatment in combination with other drugs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and UK Department for International Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Pyae Phyo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Podjanee Jittamala
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - François H Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Baker
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
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Simpson PV, Nagel C, Bruhn H, Schatzschneider U. Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Activity of Manganese(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes with Ketoconazole, Miconazole, and Clotrimazole Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Simpson
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nagel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bruhn
- Institut
für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2/D15, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Wani WA, Jameel E, Baig U, Mumtazuddin S, Hun LT. Ferroquine and its derivatives: new generation of antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:534-51. [PMID: 26188909 PMCID: PMC7115395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria has been teasing human populations from a long time. Presently, several classes of antimalarial drugs are available in market, but the issues of toxicity, lower efficacy and the resistance by malarial parasites have decreased their overall therapeutic indices. Thus, the search for new promising antimalarials continues, however, the battle against malaria is far from over. Ferroquine is a derivative of chloroquine with antimalarial properties. It is the most successful of the chloroquine derivatives. Not only ferroquine, but also its derivatives have shown promising potential as antimalarials of clinical interest. Presently, much research is dedicated to the development of ferroquine derivatives as safe alternatives to antimalarial chemotherapy. The present article describes the structural, chemical and biological features of ferroquine. Several classes of ferroquine derivatives including hydroxyferroquines, trioxaferroquines, chloroquine-bridged ferrocenophanes, thiosemicarbazone derivatives, ferrocene dual conjugates, 4-N-substituted derivatives, and others have been discussed. Besides, the mechanism of action of ferroquine has been discussed. A careful observation has been made into pharmacologically significant ferroquine derivatives with better or equal therapeutic effects to that of chloroquine and ferroquine. A brief discussion of the toxicities of ferroquine derivatives has been made. Finally, efforts have been made to discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development. Structural, chemical and biological features of ferroquine have been discussed. Several classes of ferroquine derivatives have been reviewed. Mechanism of action of ferroquine has been described. Challenges in ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development have been highlighted. Perspectives in ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- University Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Umair Baig
- Center of Excellence for Scientific Research Collaboration with MIT, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mumtazuddin
- University Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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New efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Despite substantial scientific progress over the past two decades, malaria remains a worldwide burden that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. New, affordable and safe drugs are required to overcome increasing resistance against artemisinin-based treatments, treat vulnerable populations, interrupt the parasite life cycle by blocking transmission to the vectors, prevent infection and target malaria species that transiently remain dormant in the liver. In this Review, we discuss how the antimalarial drug discovery pipeline has changed over the past 10 years, grouped by the various target compound or product profiles, to assess progress and gaps, and to recommend priorities.
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88
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Srivastava V, Lee H. Chloroquine-based hybrid molecules as promising novel chemotherapeutic agents. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:472-86. [PMID: 25959387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory, in addition to its well-known antimalarial activity. This very useful property of CQ may be rendered through a variety of different molecular and cellular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, necrosis and lysosomal dysfunction. CQ alone may not be as effective as many well-known anticancer drugs; however, it often shows synergisticts when combined with other anticancer agents, without causing substantial ill-effects. To increase its pharmacological activity, scientists synthesized many different chloroquine derivatives by a repositioning approach, some of which show higher activities than the parental CQ. To further improve anticancer activity, medicinal chemists have recently been focusing on generating CQ hybrid molecules by joining, directly or through a linker, 4-aminoquinoline and other pharmacologically active phamarcophore(s). Indeed, some CQ hybrid molecules substantially improved anticancer activity while maintaining desirable CQ property, providing an excellent opportunity of developing effective and safe novel anticancer agents. Since the approach of developing CQ hybrid molecules has advanced much more in the antimalarial drug research, it can provide an excellent template for anticancer drug development. This review provides an overview of CQ-based hybrid molecules by focusing on: (1) the potential advantage of the hybrid approach in developing effective and safe anticancer agents; (2) what we can learn from the CQ hybrid approach used in the development of effective antimalarial agents; and (3) CQ hybrid molecules as potential anticancer agents in different categories classified based on their chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Srivastava
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Health Sciences North, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1; Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
| | - Hoyun Lee
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Health Sciences North, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1; Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
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89
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Kumar S, Kumari R, Pandey R. New insight-guided approaches to detect, cure, prevent and eliminate malaria. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:717-753. [PMID: 25323622 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New challenges posed by the development of resistance against artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as well as previous first-line therapies, and the continuing absence of vaccine, have given impetus to research in all areas of malaria control. This review portrays the ongoing progress in several directions of malaria research. The variants of RTS,S and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) are being developed and test adapted as multicomponent and multistage malaria control vaccines, while many other vaccine candidates and methodologies to produce antigens are under experimentation. To track and prevent the spread of artemisinin resistance from Southeast Asia to other parts of the world, rolling circle-enhanced enzyme activity detection (REEAD), a time- and cost-effective malaria diagnosis in field conditions, and a DNA marker associated with artemisinin resistance have become available. Novel mosquito repellents and mosquito trapping and killing techniques much more effective than the prevalent ones are undergoing field testing. Mosquito lines stably infected with their symbiotic wild-type or genetically engineered bacteria that kill sympatric malaria parasites are being constructed and field tested for stopping malaria transmission. A complementary approach being pursued is the addition of ivermectin-like drug molecules to ACTs to cure malaria and kill mosquitoes. Experiments are in progress to eradicate malaria mosquito by making it genetically male sterile. High-throughput screening procedures are being developed and used to discover molecules that possess long in vivo half life and are active against liver and blood stages for the fast cure of malaria symptoms caused by simple or relapsing and drug-sensitive and drug-resistant types of varied malaria parasites, can stop gametocytogenesis and sporogony and could be given in one dose. Target-based antimalarial drug designing has begun. Some of the putative next-generation antimalarials that possess in their scaffold structure several of the desired properties of malaria cure and control are exemplified by OZ439, NITD609, ELQ300 and tafenoquine that are already undergoing clinical trials, and decoquinate, usnic acid, torin-2, ferroquine, WEHI-916, MMV396749 and benzothiophene-type N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) inhibitors, which are candidates for future clinical usage. Among these, NITD609, ELQ300, decoquinate, usnic acid, torin-2 and NMT inhibitors not only cure simple malaria and are prophylactic against simple malaria, but they also cure relapsing malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- SKA Institution for Research, Education and Development (SKAIRED), 4/11 SarvPriya Vihar, New Delhi, 110016, India,
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90
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Raj R, Saini A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of 7-chloroquinoline–chalcone and 7-chloroquinoline–ferrocenylchalcone conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:230-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Agatemor C, Etkin N, Overy DP, Kerr RG. Redox-active cationic organoiron complex: a promising lead structure for developing antimicrobial agents with activity against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A redox-active, cationic organoiron complexes active against multidrug-resistant strain of Gram-positive bacteria is presented as a potential new lead structure for the design of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
| | - Nola Etkin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
| | - David P. Overy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology
| | - Russell G. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science
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92
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Vidyacharan S, Sagar A, Sharada DS. A new route for the synthesis of highly substituted 4-aminoquinoline drug like molecules via aza hetero–Diels–Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7614-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new route has been developed for the synthesis of 4-aminoquinoline drug like moleculesviaaza hetero–Diels–Alder reaction starting from 2H-indazole as a diene for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinde Vidyacharan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Telangana
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - A. Sagar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Telangana
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Duddu S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Telangana
- Hyderabad
- India
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93
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Mwande Maguene G, Lekana-Douki JB, Mouray E, Bousquet T, Grellier P, Pellegrini S, Toure Ndouo FS, Lebibi J, Pélinski L. Synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of ferrocenyl aminoquinoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brown RW, Hyland CJT. Medicinal organometallic chemistry – an emerging strategy for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises recent developments in the search for novel organometallic drug compounds for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases.
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95
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Vandekerckhove S, D'hooghe M. Quinoline-based antimalarial hybrid compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:5098-119. [PMID: 25593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline-containing compounds, such as quinine and chloroquine, have a long-standing history as potent antimalarial agents. However, the increasing resistance of the Plasmodium parasite against these drugs and the lack of licensed malaria vaccines have forced chemists to develop synthetic strategies toward novel biologically active molecules. A strategy that has attracted considerable attention in current medicinal chemistry is based on the conjugation of two biologically active molecules into one hybrid compound. Since quinolines are considered to be privileged antimalarial building blocks, the synthesis of quinoline-containing antimalarial hybrids has been elaborated extensively in recent years. This review provides a literature overview of antimalarial hybrid molecules containing a quinoline core, covering publications between 2009 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vandekerckhove
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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96
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Kowalski K, Szczupak Ł, Oehninger L, Ott I, Hikisz P, Koceva-Chyła A, Therrien B. Ferrocenyl derivatives of pterocarpene and coumestan: Synthesis, structure and anticancer activity studies. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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97
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Kumar K, Pradines B, Madamet M, Amalvict R, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered mono- and bis-ferrocenylchalcone-β-lactam conjugates: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo antischistosomal activity of ferroquine derivatives. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:424. [PMID: 25190030 PMCID: PMC4164798 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and drug-repurposing is a useful strategy to fill its exhausted drug development pipeline. The ferrocenyl analogue of chloroquine, ferroquine, is an antimalarial in late-stage drug development. The aim of the present work was to study the antischistosomal activity of ferroquine against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxyl-ferroquine and ruthenoquine were included to study the potential role of reactive oxygen species in the antischistosomal activity. Chloroquine and mefloquine, the later described for its antischistosomal properties, served as comparators. Findings All metal complexes were shown to be moderately cytotoxic on human cervix HeLa cancer cells and human fetal lung fibroblasts MRC-5. 72 hours post-incubation NTS exposed to 33.3 µM ruthenoquine had died, while ferroquine and hydroxyl-ferroquine treated worms were strongly affected. No activity was observed treating NTS with chloroquine at 33.3 µM. Incubation of adult S. mansoni with 33.3 µM of the organometallic derivatives were highly affected in viability but were still alive 72 hours post-incubation. Mefloquine showed the highest activity against NTS and adult S. mansoni. Low total worm burden reductions of 0-36% were observed following oral administration of 200–800 mg/kg of the ferroquine derivatives to S. mansoni-infected mice. Conclusions The organometallic compounds evaluated in this study revealed moderate in vitro activity against both larval and adult stages of S. mansoni but low in vivo activity. No correlation can be drawn between the antimalarial and antischistosomal activity of chloroquine analogues and oxidative shock does not seem to play a role in the activity of these compounds against S. mansoni.
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Samart N, Beuning CN, Haller KJ, Rithner CD, Crans DC. Interaction of a biguanide compound with membrane model interface systems: probing the properties of antimalaria and antidiabetic compounds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8697-8706. [PMID: 24956022 DOI: 10.1021/la501600s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since membrane penetration is important for drug efficacy, how antimalarial precursor material 1-phenylbiguanide (PBG) interacts with an interface was characterized using a reverse micelle (RM) model system. (1)H NMR studies show that PBG partitions across the membrane interface. Specifically, the (1)H NMR studies showed that the 1-phenylbiguanide compound in an aqueous environment changed when placed near an interface. PBG is known to affect hydrogen bonding in water, and as the size of the RMs changes, the water organization in the water pool is changed. The NOESY spectrum of PBG in AOT RM contains cross-peak signals between the PBG protons and AOT protons, which is consistent with the penetration of the PBG into the interface. At the same time, there is a cross peak between the biguanide moiety and the HOD signal. This shows that these NH protons are near the HOD protons, placing the biguanide functional group in the water pool. Preliminary differential FTIR spectroscopic studies confirmed this location. In summary, we found that PBG interacts with different regions of the interface, with the phenyl group penetrating the hydrophobic interface while the biguanide remains in the water pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttaporn Samart
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
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100
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Fisher GM, Tanpure RP, Douchez A, Andrews KT, Poulsen SA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimalarial Properties of Novel 4-Aminoquinoline Hybrid Compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:462-72. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M. Fisher
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Don Young Road Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Don Young Road Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Antoine Douchez
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Don Young Road Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Don Young Road Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Don Young Road Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
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