51
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Maeda D, Kubo T, Kiya K, Kawai K, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi D, Fujiwara T, Katayama T, Hosokawa K. Periostin is induced by IL-4/IL-13 in dermal fibroblasts and promotes RhoA/ROCK pathway-mediated TGF-β1 secretion in abnormal scar formation. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2019; 53:288-294. [DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2019.1612752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Maeda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tateki Kubo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kiya
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kawai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Hosokawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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52
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Grizzi F, Fiorino S, Qehajaj D, Fornelli A, Russo C, de Biase D, Masetti M, Mastrangelo L, Zanello M, Lombardi R, Domanico A, Accogli E, Tura A, Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Bresalier RS, Jovine E, Leandri P, Di Tommaso L. Computer-aided assessment of the extra-cellular matrix during pancreatic carcinogenesis: a pilot study. J Transl Med 2019; 17:61. [PMID: 30819202 PMCID: PMC6393991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the desmoplastic reaction, but its impact on the tumor behavior remains controversial. Our aim was to introduce a computer -aided method to precisely quantify the amount of pancreatic collagenic extra-cellular matrix, its spatial distribution pattern, and the degradation process. METHODS A series of normal, inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded Sirius red stained sections were automatically digitized and analyzed using a computer-aided method. RESULTS We found a progressive increase of pancreatic collagenic extra-cellular matrix from normal to the inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The two-dimensional fractal dimension showed a significant difference in the collagenic extra-cellular matrix spatial complexity between normal versus inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A significant difference when comparing the number of cycles necessary to degrade the pancreatic collagenic extra-cellular matrix in normal versus inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was also found. The difference between inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was also significant. Furthermore, the mean velocity of collagenic extra-cellular matrix degradation was found to be faster in inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than in normal. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that inflammatory and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are characterized by an increased amount of pancreatic collagenic extra-cellular matrix and by changes in their spatial complexity and degradation. Our study defines new features about the pancreatic collagenic extra-cellular matrix, and represents a basis for further investigations into the clinical behavior of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Histology Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorina Qehajaj
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Fornelli
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Russo
- “Michele Rodriguez” Foundation-Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Domanico
- Ultrasound Center Internal Medicine A, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Esterita Accogli
- Ultrasound Center Internal Medicine A, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma, Inc., Houston, TX USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert S. Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elio Jovine
- Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
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53
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Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Ragulan C, Cros J, Patil Y, Martinet M, Erkan M, Kleeff J, Wilson J, Apte M, Tosolini M, Wilson AS, Delvecchio FR, Bousquet C, Paradis V, Hammel P, Sadanandam A, Kocher HM. Inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Pathol 2019; 248:51-65. [PMID: 30575030 PMCID: PMC6492001 DOI: 10.1002/path.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) are orchestrators of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment. Stromal heterogeneity may explain differential pathophysiological roles of the stroma (pro‐ versus anti‐tumoural) in PDAC. We hypothesised that multiple CAF functional subtypes exist in PDAC, that contribute to stromal heterogeneity through interactions with cancer cells. Using molecular and functional analysis of patient‐derived CAF primary cultures, we demonstrated that human PDAC‐derived CAFs display a high level of inter‐ and intra‐tumour heterogeneity. We identified at least four subtypes of CAFs based on transcriptomic analysis, and propose a classification for human PDAC‐derived CAFs (pCAFassigner). Multiple CAF subtypes co‐existed in individual patient samples. The presence of these CAF subtypes in bulk tumours was confirmed using publicly available gene expression profiles, and immunostainings of CAF subtype markers. Each subtype displayed specific phenotypic features (matrix‐ and immune‐related signatures, vimentin and α‐smooth muscle actin expression, proliferation rate), and was associated with an assessable prognostic impact. A prolonged exposure of non‐tumoural pancreatic stellate cells to conditioned media from cancer cell lines (cancer education experiment) induced a CAF‐like phenotype, including loss of capacity to revert to quiescence and an increase in the expression of genes related to CAF subtypes B and C. This classification demonstrates molecular and functional inter‐ and intra‐tumoural heterogeneity of CAFs in human PDAC. Our subtypes overlap with those identified from single‐cell analyses in other cancers, and pave the way for the development of therapies targeting specific CAF subpopulations in PDAC. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Neuzillet
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,INSERM UMR1149, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Paris, France
| | | | - Chanthirika Ragulan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jérôme Cros
- INSERM UMR1149, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Yatish Patil
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marie Tosolini
- INSERM UMR 1037, Technological Pole and Bioinformatic Platform, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Abigail S Wilson
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesca R Delvecchio
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM UMR 1037, Team 6 Protein Synthesis and Secretion in Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- INSERM UMR1149, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- INSERM UMR1149, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France.,Digestive Oncology Unit, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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54
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The Multiaspect Functions of Periostin in Tumor Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:125-136. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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55
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Nielsen MFB, Mortensen MB, Detlefsen S. Typing of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies different subpopulations. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4663-4678. [PMID: 30416314 PMCID: PMC6224473 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i41.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether it is possible to identify different immune phenotypic subpopulations of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pancreatic cancer (PC).
METHODS We defined four different stromal compartments in surgical specimens with PC: The juxtatumoural, peripheral, lobular and septal stroma. Tissue microarrays were produced containing all pre-defined PC compartments, and the expression of 37 fibroblast (FB) and 8 extracellular matrix (ECM) markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (IF), double-IF, and/or in situ hybridization. The compartment-specific mean labelling score was determined for each marker using a four-tiered scoring system. DOG1 gene expression was examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR).
RESULTS CD10, CD271, cytoglobin, DOG1, miR-21, nestin, and tenascin C exhibited significant differences in expression profiles between the juxtatumoural and peripheral compartments. The expression of CD10, cytoglobin, DOG1, nestin, and miR-21 was moderate/strong in juxtatumoural CAFs (j-CAFs) and barely perceptible/weak in peripheral CAFs (p-CAFs). The upregulation of DOG1 gene expression in PC compared to normal pancreas was verified by qPCR. Tenascin C expression was strong in the juxtatumoural ECM and barely perceptible/weak in the peripheral ECM. CD271 expression was barely perceptible in j-CAFs but moderate in the other compartments. Galectin-1 was stronger expressed in j-CAFs vs septal fibroblasts, PDGF-Rβ, tissue transglutaminase 2, and hyaluronic acid were stronger expressed in lobular fibroblasts vs p-CAFs, and plectin-1 was stronger expressed in j-CAFs vs l-FBs. The expression of the remaining 33 markers did not differ significantly when related to the quantity of CAFs/FBs or the amount of ECM in the respective compartments.
CONCLUSION Different immune phenotypic CAF subpopulations can be identified in PC, using markers such as cytoglobin, CD271, and miR-21. Future studies should determine whether CAF subpopulations have different functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Friberg Bruun Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Michael Bau Mortensen
- Department of Surgery, HPB Section, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense C 5000, Denmark
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56
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Kang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang J, Huang B, Zhong M. Upregulation of Periostin expression in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1959-1965. [PMID: 30196986 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma(AB) is an aggressive and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence rate, which arises from odontogenic epithelium. AB mostly shows osteolytic growth, but the specific pathogenesis is not yet clear. Periostin is a considered a prominent oncogene, which was mainly produced by osteoblasts and their precursors cells, it have been proved that Periostin play an important role in bone lysis. However, the precise role of Periostin in AB progression remains unknown. In this article, the surgical specimens from cases of AB were collected, and the Periostin expression was tested and the results were analyzed for possible correlations with clinical characteristics. In addition, the proliferation、cell cycle and migration of AM-1 cells were evaluated after transfection of siPeriostin. The results showed that Periostin levels were significantly higher in patients with AB than in controls. Moreover, Periostin levels in patients with AB were significantly associated with the number of disease. Furthermore, the results suggested that Periostin expression significantly promoted the proliferation and migration, in addition to cell cycle progression of AM-1 cells. The present study demonstrated that Periostin may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of AB and indicated its potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kang
- Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, China Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China
| | - Junting Wang
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China
| | - Biying Huang
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, China.
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57
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Ren B, Cui M, Yang G, Wang H, Feng M, You L, Zhao Y. Tumor microenvironment participates in metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:108. [PMID: 30060755 PMCID: PMC6065152 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality due to difficulties in its early diagnosis and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment induced by interactions between pancreatic epithelial/cancer cells and stromal cells is critical for pancreatic cancer progression and has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Microenvironment formation requires interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells. Components of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment that contribute to desmoplasia and immunosuppression are associated with poor patient prognosis. These components can facilitate desmoplasia and immunosuppression in primary and metastatic sites or can promote metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion/migration, and pre-metastatic niche formation. Some molecules participate in both microenvironment formation and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer microenvironment formation and discuss how the pancreatic cancer microenvironment participates in metastasis, representing a potential target for combination therapy to enhance overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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58
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Ye D, Zhou C, Wang S, Deng H, Shen Z. Tumor suppression effect of targeting periostin with siRNA in a nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22622. [PMID: 29978598 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is increasing, however, the mechanism is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of periostin gene silencing by siRNA on tumor inhibition, in a novel nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore possible inhibitory mechanisms. METHODS Tumors were established in nude mice by transplantation of LSCC AMC-HN-8 cell line. Forty-eight nude mice were randomly divided into groups of eight each, and treated with high (1.0 OD) or low (0.5 OD) doses of periostin-siRNA or appropriate control solutions. Tumor growth was observed and used to calculate an inhibition rate (%). Routine pathological and electron microscopic examination were used to determine tumor apoptosis and proliferation. Changes in periostin mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. RESULTS Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice treated by high dose periostin-siRNA compared to untreated and those treated with low dose periostin-siRNA (P < 0.05). Pathological examination showed increased tumor necrosis and apoptotic changes in treated mice, which was confirmed by electron microscopy. Periostin mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in tumors from mice treated with high dose periostin-siRNA, compared to controls and low-dose periostin-siRNA treatment groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Periostin silencing was associated with growth inhibition of tumor cells in a nude mouse model of LSCC. The underlying mechanism may be due to receptor-mediated induction of relevant signal transduction pathways that modulate the microenvironment needed for cancer cell survival. Periostin is expected to become a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Ningbo Xiaoshi High School, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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59
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Liu J, Zhang J, Xu F, Lin Z, Li Z, Liu H. Structural characterizations of human periostin dimerization and cysteinylation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1789-1803. [PMID: 29754429 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human periostin plays a multifaceted role in remodeling the extracellular matrix milieu by interacting with other proteins and itself in both a heterophilic and homophilic manner. However, the structural mechanism for its extensive interactions has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of human periostin (EMI-Fas1I-IV ) and its Cys60Ala mutant. In combination with multi-angle light-scattering analysis and biochemical assays, the crystal structures reveal that periostin mainly exists as a dimer in solution and its homophilic interaction is mainly mediated by the EMI domain. Furthermore, Cys60 undergoes cysteinylation as confirmed by mass spectroscopy, and this site hardly affects the homophilic interaction. Also, the structures yield insights into how periostin forms heterophilic interactions with other proteins under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Heli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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60
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Tang M, Liu B, Bu X, Zhao P. Cross-talk between ovarian cancer cells and macrophages through periostin promotes macrophage recruitment. Cancer Sci 2018. [PMID: 29527764 PMCID: PMC5980394 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumor progression, but it is not clear how they are recruited to tumor sites. Here we showed that periostin (POSTN) was present at high levels in ovarian cancer ascetic fluids and was correlated with CD163+TAMs. The high POSTN level and macrophage infiltration were inversely associated with relapse‐free survival for ovarian cancer patients. In vitro studies showed that coculture with macrophages significantly increased POSTN production in ovarian cancer cells. Further investigation found that POSTN production in ovarian cancer cells was promoted by transforming growth factor‐β generated by macrophages. Moreover, siRNA of POSTN and POSTN neutralizing antibody treatment showed that ovarian cancer cell‐derived POSTN promoted the recruitment of macrophages and modulated their cytokine secretion profile. Collectively, these data indicated that POSTN was an important factor for macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment and is involved in the interactions between macrophages and ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingji Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocui Bu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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61
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Song Y, Wang Q, Wang D, Junqiang Li, Yang J, Li H, Wang X, Jin X, Jing R, Yang JH, Su H. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Unravels Carboxypeptidases as the Novel Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:691-699. [PMID: 29631213 PMCID: PMC6154863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. However, little is known concerning the molecular mechanism of PDAC at the proteomics level. Here we report a proteomics analysis of PDAC tumor and adjacent tissues by shotgun proteomics followed by label-free quantification, and in total, 3031 and 3306 proteins were identified in three pairs of PDAC tumor and adjacent tissues, respectively; 40 of them were differentially expressed for at least three-fold in PDAC tumor tissues. Ontological and interaction network analysis highlighted the dysregulation of a set of four proteins in the carboxypeptidase family: carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1), A2 (CPA2), B1 (CPB1), and chymotrypsin C (CTRC). Western blotting confirmed the downregulation of the carboxypeptidase network in PDAC. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray from 90 PDAC patients demonstrated that CPB1 was downregulated 7.07-fold (P < .0001, n = 81) in tumor comparing with the peritumor tissue. Further 208 pancreatic tissues from PDAC tumor, peritumor, and pancreatis confirmed the downregulation of CPB1 in the PDAC patients. In summary, our results displayed that the expression of carboxypeptidase is significantly downregulated in PDAC tumor tissues and may be novel biomarker in the patient with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruirui Jing
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China; Departments of Surgery and Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 510660, MA, USA.
| | - Haichuan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Fu Y, Liu S, Zeng S, Shen H. The critical roles of activated stellate cells-mediated paracrine signaling, metabolism and onco-immunology in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:62. [PMID: 29458370 PMCID: PMC5817854 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant diseases worldwide. It is refractory to conventional treatments, and consequently has a documented 5-year survival rate as low as 7%. Increasing evidence indicates that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), one of the stromal components in tumor microenvironment (TME), play a crucial part in the desmoplasia, carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, metastasis associated with PDAC. Despite the current understanding of PSCs as a "partner in crime" to PDAC, detailed regulatory roles of PSCs and related microenvironment remain obscure. In addition to multiple paracrine signaling pathways, recent research has confirmed that PSCs-mediated tumor microenvironment may influence behaviors of PDAC via diverse mechanisms, such as rewiring metabolic networks, suppressing immune responses. These new activities are closely linked with treatment and prognosis of PDAC. In this review, we discuss the recent advances regarding new functions of activated PSCs, including PSCs-cancer cells interaction, mechanisms involved in immunosuppressive regulation, and metabolic reprogramming. It's clear that these updated experimental or clinical studies of PSCs may provide a promising approach for PDAC treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Mineshige T, Ogihara K, Kamiie J, Sugahara G, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Madarame H, Shirota K. Increased expression of the stromal fibroblast-secreted periostin in canine squamous cell carcinomas. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:473-479. [PMID: 29415922 PMCID: PMC5880828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) shows highly invasive and locally destructive growth. In animal models and human cancer cases, periostin plays a critical role in the enhancement of cancer growth; however, the
mechanism of involvement in canine cancers remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of periostin in the pathophysiology of SCC in dogs. We examined the localization of periostin and
periostin-producing cells in 20 SCC and three squamous papilloma specimens. Furthermore, we focused on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, which was assumed to be an inducing factor of periostin, using culture cells. By
immunohistochemistry, limited periostin expression in the stroma was observed in all squamous papillomas. In SCC, periostin protein diffusely expressed at the tumor invasion front of cancer growth. In
situ hybridization revealed that periostin mRNA was expressed in the stromal fibroblasts in SCC. In vitro analysis determined that canine SCC cells expressed significantly higher levels of
TGF-β1 mRNA compared with canine keratinocytes. In addition, recombinant TGF-β1 induced secretion of periostin from cultured dermal fibroblasts. These data suggest that periostin produced by stromal fibroblasts may be
involved in the pathophysiology of canine SCC. TGF-β1 derived from SCC cells may stimulate fibroblasts to produce periostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Mineshige
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,Present address: Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogihara
- Laboratory of Environmental Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Go Sugahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - James Kenn Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kinji Shirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Throm VM, Männle D, Giese T, Bauer AS, Gaida MM, Kopitz J, Bruckner T, Plaschke K, Grekova SP, Felix K, Hackert T, Giese NA, Strobel O. Endogenous CHRNA7-ligand SLURP1 as a potential tumor suppressor and anti-nicotinic factor in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11734-11751. [PMID: 29545933 PMCID: PMC5837762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with increased risk and poorer prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially α7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1). The clinical significance of SLURP1 and its interaction with nicotine in PDAC are unclear. We detected similar levels of SLURP1 in sera from healthy donors and patients with chronic pancreatitis or PDAC; higher preoperative values were associated with significantly better survival in patients with resected tumors. Pancreatic tissue was not a source of circulating SLURP1 but contained diverse CHRNA7-expressing cells, preferentially epithelial and immune, whereas stromal stellate cells and a quarter of the tumor cells lacked CHRNA7. The CHRNA7 mRNA levels were decreased in PDAC, and CHRNA7high-PDAC patients lived longer. In CHRNA7high COLO357 and PANC-1 cultures, opposing activities of SLURP1 (anti-malignant/CHRNA7-dependent) and nicotine (pro-malignant/CHRNA7-infidel) were exerted without reciprocally interfering with receptor binding or downstream signaling. These data suggested that the ligands act independently and abolish each other’s effects through a mechanism resembling functional antagonism. Thus, SLURP1 might represent an inborn anti-PDAC defense being sensitive to and counteracting nicotine. Boosting SLURP1-CHRNA7 interaction might represent a novel strategy for treatment in high-risk individuals, i.e., smokers with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Throm
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Männle
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Department of Functional Genomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics/IMBI, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Plaschke
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana P Grekova
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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65
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Liu Y, Li F, Gao F, Xing L, Qin P, Liang X, Zhang J, Qiao X, Lin L, Zhao Q, Du L. Periostin promotes tumor angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer via Erk/VEGF signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40148-40159. [PMID: 27223086 PMCID: PMC5129999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) consists of a bulk of stroma cells which contribute to tumor progression by releasing angiogenic factors. Recent studies have found that periostin (POSTN) is closely associate with the metastatic potential and prognosis of PaC. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of POSTN in tumor angiogenesis and explore the precise mechanisms. In this study, we used lentiviral shRNA and human recombinant POSTN protein (rPOSTN) to negatively and positively regulate POSTN expression in vitro. We found that increased POSTN expression promoted the tubule formation dependent on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, knockdown of POSTN in PaC cells reduced tumor growth and VEGF expression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, we found that Erk phosphorylation and its downstream VEGF expression were upregulated achieved in rPOSTN-treated groups, opposing results were obversed in POSTN-slienced group. Meanwhile, Erk inhibitor SCH772984 significantly decreased VEGF expression as well as tubule formation of HUVECs in rPOSTN-treated PaC cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that POSTN promotes tumor angiogenesis via Erk/VEGF signaling in PaC and POSTN may be a new target for cancer anti-vascular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lingxi Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingxin Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis and National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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66
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Fiorino S, Bacchi-Reggiani ML, Birtolo C, Acquaviva G, Visani M, Fornelli A, Masetti M, Tura A, Sbrignadello S, Grizzi F, Patrinicola F, Zanello M, Mastrangelo L, Lombardi R, Benini C, Di Tommaso L, Bondi A, Monetti F, Siopis E, Orlandi PE, Imbriani M, Fabbri C, Giovanelli S, Domanico A, Accogli E, Di Saverio S, Grifoni D, Cennamo V, Leandri P, Jovine E, de Biase D. Matricellular proteins and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: A systematic review. Pancreatology 2018; 18:122-132. [PMID: 29137857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in tissue architecture and homeostasis and modulates cell functions through a complex interaction between cell surface receptors, hormones, several bioeffector molecules, and structural proteins like collagen. These components are secreted into ECM and all together contribute to regulate several cellular activities including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. The so-called "matricellular" proteins (MPs) have recently emerged as important regulators of ECM functions. The aim of our review is to consider all different types of MPs family assessing the potential relationship between MPs and survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A systematic computer-based search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement issued in 2009 was conducted through Ovid interface, and literature review was performed in May 2017. The search text words were identified by means of controlled vocabulary, such as the National Library of Medicine's MESH (Medical Subject Headings) and Keywords. Collected data showed an important role of MPs in carcinogenesis and in PDAC prognosis even though the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown and data are not univocal. Therefore, a better understanding of MPs role in regulation of ECM homeostasis and remodeling of specific organ niches may suggest potential novel extracellular targets for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit C, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Bacchi-Reggiani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Cardiology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Birtolo
- Internal Medicine Unit A, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adele Fornelli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Masetti
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Patrinicola
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanello
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mastrangelo
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lombardi
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Benini
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arrigo Bondi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Monetti
- Radiology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Siopis
- Radiology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Orlandi
- Radiology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Imbriani
- Radiology Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Domanico
- Internal Medicine Unit A, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Esterita Accogli
- Internal Medicine Unit A, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Surgical Emergency Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via San Donato 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cennamo
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Surgical Emergency Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via San Donato 15, Bologna, Italy.
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Cui D, Huang Z, Liu Y, Ouyang G. The multifaceted role of periostin in priming the tumor microenvironments for tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4287-4291. [PMID: 28884337 PMCID: PMC11107730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment consists of tumor cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix and a plethora of soluble components. The complex array of interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironments contribute to the determination of the fate of tumor cells during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Matricellular protein periostin is generally absent in most adult tissues but is highly expressed in tumor microenvironments. Current evidence reveals that periostin plays a critical role in establishing and remodeling tumor microenvironments such as the metastatic niche, cancer stem cell niche, perivascular niche, pre-metastatic niche, fibrotic microenvironment and bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the multifaceted role of periostin in the tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cui
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingfu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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68
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Tao L, Zhao S, Qiu S. Periostin has a protective role in melatonin‑induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway in human osteoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1003-1012. [PMID: 29207036 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of periostin (POSTN) and high melatonin concentrations in the apoptosis of hFOB 1.19 human normal fetal osteoblastic cells. hFOB 1.19 human osteoblastic cells were stably cultured and treated in different concentrations of melatonin for different durations of action. Apoptosis was assessed quantitatively using flow cytometric analysis. The results of western blot analysis demonstrated that the treatment of cells with different concentrations of melatonin for different durations of action revealed a positive association between melatonin and the expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein (GRP)78, GRP94, phosphorylated (p‑) eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor (ATF)4, CCAAT/enhanced binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase‑3, p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and POSTN. When POSTN was inhibited, the levels of p‑JNK, CHOP, p‑eIF2α, ATF4 and cleaved caspase‑3 were significantly increased, whereas other proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways, including ATF6 and X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP1), were not significantly altered. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was also performed to assess the relative mRNA levels of ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1. The results of the present study are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that melatonin induced apoptosis in hFOB 1.19 human osteoblastic cells by activating the ERS‑associated eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway and subsequently triggered the cascade effects of CHOP, caspase‑3 and JNK. POSTN may function as a protective factor for osteoblasts during this process by inhibiting the eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shui Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Murakami D, Takamori S, Kawahara A, Mitsuoka M, Kashihara M, Yoshiyama K, Matsumoto R, Yokoyama S, Fujimoto K, Kawaguchi A, Izuhara K, Akagi Y. Periostin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Significance. Kurume Med J 2017; 64:13-20. [PMID: 29176296 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms640012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is an extracellular matrix N-glycoprotein that is a major constituent of the desmoplastic stroma around solid tumors. Periostin promotes tumor invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The aims of this study were to evaluate periostin expression immunohistochemically and quantitatively in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess any associations with clinical features and prognosis. A total of 184 specimens of NSCLC tissue were investigated, including 134 adenocarcinomas, 39 squamous cell carcinomas, and 11 other histologic subtypes. The intra-tumoral periostin expression area in each captured field was calculated using the image processing integration software WinROOF. The mean periostin expression score was classified as high or low by the median value of its expression area. Univariate analysis demonstrated that gender, tumor size, T status, N status, stage, histologic type, smoking habits, percent vital capacity, 1% forced expiratory volume, and pleural invasion were each significantly associated with periostin scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that high periostin expression score was an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with decreased cancer-specific survival (HR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.04-12.84; P=0.0439). We concluded that intratumoral periostin expression was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Park H, Lee Y, Lee H, Kim JW, Hwang JH, Kim J, Yoon YS, Han HS, Kim H. The prognostic significance of cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317718403. [PMID: 29025374 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317718403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts are abundant in the desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and are considered to play important roles in tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the expression status of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, periostin, fibroblast-activated protein, and the newly developed proCOL11A1 antibody in the stroma of surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and their prognostic implications. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 155 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and paired non-neoplastic pancreata and from another independent set of 48 normal/benign pancreata, and immunohistochemical stains were performed for proCOL11A1, fibroblast-activated protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and periostin. The immunohistochemical stain results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival data. proCOL11A1, fibroblast-activated protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and periostin expression was significantly increased in the intratumoral stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas compared to paired non-neoplastic pancreata (proCOL11A1: 145/155 (93.5%) vs 26/154 (16.9%); fibroblast-activated protein: 139/143 (97.2%) vs 82/132 (62.1%); secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine: 113/150 (75.3%) vs 49/132 (37.1%); periostin: 135/151 (89.4%) vs 45/135 (33.3%); p < 0.001, all). While the four markers were expressed at lower levels in normal/benign pancreata, there were no significant differences in the expression frequencies among normal pancreas, acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis. Interestingly, on survival analysis, low intratumoral fibroblast-activated protein+ cancer-associated fibroblast counts (<100/high-power field) were associated with a significantly reduced overall survival compared to those with high fibroblast-activated protein+ cancer-associated fibroblast counts (p = 0.010; hazard ratio 5.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3-21.3)). Similar patterns were seen for proCOL11A and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and overall and disease-free survival, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor stroma may not always be associated with a poor prognosis as suggested in many studies; on the contrary, it may even be associated with prolonged survival, supporting the recent experimental findings that tumor stroma may have a protective role rather than enhance aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Park
- 1 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangkyu Lee
- 2 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- 1 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaihwan Kim
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- 4 Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- 4 Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- 1 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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71
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Ye D, Shen ZS, Qiu SJ, Li Q, Wang GL. Role and underlying mechanisms of the interstitial protein periostin in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5099-5106. [PMID: 29142596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major characteristics of malignant tumors and are complex processes involving multiple genes. Gene regulation is a precise, large and complex biological control system, and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Mesenchymal-specific genes are expressed primarily by mesenchymal cells, and the expression products of these genes are molecules with various structures and functions, including secreted proteins and extracellular matrix proteins. The periostin gene has been newly identified as a mesenchymal-specific gene and an extracellular-matrix secreted protein. Periostin is able to bind to various subtypes of integrin receptors on the surface of the cell membrane. This triggers relevant signal transduction pathways to alter the microenvironment of cancer cells in order to facilitate their survival, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis as well as enhance the tolerance to hypoxia and chemicals. Therefore, periostin is associated with the grade of malignancy, level of invasion and prognosis of malignant tumors. The in-depth study of periostin may provide an effective marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a novel treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Sen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shi Jie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Guo Li Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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72
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Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Grzegrzolka J, Piotrowska A, Matkowski R, Wojnar A, Rys J, Ugorski M, Dziegiel P. Expression of periostin in breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1300-1310. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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73
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Peng T, Zhou W, Guo F, Wu HS, Wang CY, Wang L, Yang ZY. Centrosomal protein 55 activates NF-κB signalling and promotes pancreatic cancer cells aggressiveness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5925. [PMID: 28724890 PMCID: PMC5517556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is a microtubule-bundling protein that participants in cell mitosis. It is overexpressed in several solid tumours and promotes the growth and invasion of cancer cells. However, the role of CEP55 in pancreatic cancer (PANC) remains unclear. Herein, upregulated expression of CEP55 (associated with poor prognosis) was detected in PANC using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cell migration, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell matrix penetration assays, revealed that upregulation of CEP55 promoted PANC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, whereas knockdown of CEP55 attenuated it. In an in vivo murine model, CEP55 overexpression accelerated PANC cells tumourigenicity, together with upregulation of the protein levels of invasion-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and proliferation-related protein Cyclin D1. Downregulation of CEP55 had the reverse effect. Moreover, the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκBα signalling pathway, which was activated in CEP55-transduced PANC cells and inhibited in CEP55-silenced PANC cells, contributed to CEP55-mediated PANC cell aggressiveness. This study provided new insights into the oncogenic roles of CEP55 and the mechanism by which the NF-κB pathway is hyperactivated in patients with PANC, indicating that CEP55 is a valuable prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in PANC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - He-Shui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun-You Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Dalla Pozza E, Forciniti S, Palmieri M, Dando I. Secreted molecules inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:62-72. [PMID: 28673679 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biologic process that allows a polarized epithelial cell to undergo multiple biochemical changes that enable it to assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype. EMT is involved in embryo development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis and has also been proposed as the critical mechanism for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes by epithelial cancer cells. These cells have been shown to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype when localized at the invasive front of primary tumours increasing aggressiveness, invasiveness, metastatic potential and resistance to chemotherapy. There is now increasing evidence demonstrating that a crucial role in the development of this process is played by factors secreted by cells of the tumour microenvironment or by the tumour cells themselves. This review summarises the current knowledge of EMT induction in cancer by paracrine or autocrine mechanisms, by exosomes or free proteins and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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75
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Adamska A, Domenichini A, Falasca M. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Evolving Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1338. [PMID: 28640192 PMCID: PMC5535831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers, is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Due to the broad heterogeneity of genetic mutations and dense stromal environment, PDAC belongs to one of the most chemoresistant cancers. Most of the available treatments are palliative, with the objective of relieving disease-related symptoms and prolonging survival. Currently, available therapeutic options are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and use of targeted drugs. However, thus far, therapies targeting cancer-associated molecular pathways have not given satisfactory results; this is due in part to the rapid upregulation of compensatory alternative pathways as well as dense desmoplastic reaction. In this review, we summarize currently available therapies and clinical trials, directed towards a plethora of pathways and components dysregulated during PDAC carcinogenesis. Emerging trends towards targeted therapies as the most promising approach will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Alice Domenichini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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76
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Melstrom LG, Salazar MD, Diamond DJ. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment: A true double agent. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:7-15. [PMID: 28605029 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is a complex balance of pro- and anti-tumor components. The dense desmoplasia consists of immune cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) or pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). There are a multitude of targets including hyaluronan, angiogenesis, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), CD40, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR-4), immunotherapy, and Vitamin D. The developing clinical therapeutics will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marcela D Salazar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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77
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Lachowski D, Cortes E, Pink D, Chronopoulos A, Karim SA, P Morton J, Del Río Hernández AE. Substrate Rigidity Controls Activation and Durotaxis in Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2506. [PMID: 28566691 PMCID: PMC5451433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterised by the presence of extensive desmoplasia, thought to be responsible for the poor response of patients to systemic therapies. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are key mediators in the production of this fibrotic stroma, upon activation transitioning to a myofibroblast-like, high matrix secreting phenotype. Given their importance in disease progression, characterisation of PSC activation has been extensive, however one aspect that has been overlooked is the mechano-sensing properties of the cell. Here, through the use of a physiomimetic system that recapitulates the mechanical microenvironment found within healthy and fibrotic pancreas, we demonstrate that matrix stiffness regulates activation and mechanotaxis in PSCs. We show the ability of PSCs to undergo phenotypic transition solely as a result of changes in extracellular matrix stiffness, whilst observing the ability of PSCs to durotactically respond to stiffness variations within their local environment. Our findings implicate the mechanical microenvironment as a potent contributor to PDAC progression and survival via induction of PSC activation and fibrosis, suggesting that direct mechanical reprogramming of PSCs may be a viable alternative in the treatment of this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pink
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Team, CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Team, CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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CECR1-mediated cross talk between macrophages and vascular mural cells promotes neovascularization in malignant glioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5356-5368. [PMID: 28534507 PMCID: PMC5611481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) are most malignant brain tumors characterized by profound vascularization. The activation of macrophages strongly contributes to tumor angiogenesis during GBM development. Previously, we showed that extracellular adenosine deaminase protein Cat Eye Syndrome Critical Region Protein 1 (CECR1) is highly expressed by M2-like macrophages in GBM where it defines macrophage M2 polarization and contributes to tumor expansion. In this study, the effect of CECR1 in macrophages on tumor angiogenesis was investigated. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GBM tissue samples showed that the expression of CECR1 correlates with microvascular density in the tumors, confirming data from the TCGA set. In a three-dimensional co-culture system consisting of human pericytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and THP1-derived macrophages, CECR1 knockdown by siRNA and CECR1 stimulation of macrophages inhibited and promoted new vessel formation, respectively. Loss and gain of function studies demonstrated that PDGFB mRNA and protein levels in macrophages are modulated by CECR1. The proangiogenic properties of CECR1 in macrophages were partially mediated via paracrine activation of pericytes by PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling. CECR1–PDGFB–PDGFRβ cross-activation between macrophages and pericytes promoted pericyte migration, shown by transwell migration assay, and enhanced expression and deposition of periostin, a matrix component with proangiogenic properties. CECR1 function in (M2-like) macrophages mediates cross talk between macrophages and pericytes in GBM via paracrine PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling, promoting pericyte recruitment and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, CECR1 offers a new portent target for anti-angiogenic therapy in GBM via immune modulation.
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79
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MK2461, a Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer by Disrupting the Interaction Between Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Stellate Cells. Pancreas 2017; 46:557-566. [PMID: 28196027 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) expressed on pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are suggested as important components modulating the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and PSCs. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of MK2461, a multikinase inhibitor targeting MET and PDGFRβ, on the interaction between PCCs and PSCs. METHODS In this study, we profiled the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (including PDGFRβ and MET) in pancreatic cancer with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the effect of MK2461 on PCC-PSC interaction was investigated using PSCs prepared from pancreatic cancer tissues. RESULTS In PSCs, PDGFRβ and MET were upregulated compared with other receptor tyrosine kinases. Conditioned medium from PSCs promoted the proliferation of PCCs, and vice versa. Moreover, MK2461 suppressed the effects of conditioned medium on PCCs and PSCs. Finally, MK2461 significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice coinjected with PCCs and PSCs. CONCLUSIONS The PDGFRβ and MET may play a critical role in the interaction between PCCs and PSCs, which was modulated by MK2461. Therefore, MK2461 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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80
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Viloria K, Hill NJ. Embracing the complexity of matricellular proteins: the functional and clinical significance of splice variation. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:117-32. [PMID: 27135623 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins influence wide-ranging fundamental cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, growth and differentiation. They achieve this both through interactions with cell surface receptors and regulation of the matrix environment. Many matricellular proteins are also associated with diverse clinical disorders including cancer and diabetes. Alternative splicing is a precisely regulated process that can produce multiple isoforms with variable functions from a single gene. To date, the expression of alternate transcripts for the matricellular family has been reported for only a handful of genes. Here we analyse the evidence for alternative splicing across the matricellular family including the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), thrombospondin, tenascin and CCN families. We find that matricellular proteins have double the average number of splice variants per gene, and discuss the types of domain affected by splicing in matricellular proteins. We also review the clinical significance of alternative splicing for three specific matricellular proteins that have been relatively well characterised: osteopontin (OPN), tenascin-C (TNC) and periostin. Embracing the complexity of matricellular splice variants will be important for understanding the sometimes contradictory function of these powerful regulatory proteins, and for their effective clinical application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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81
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Franco-Barraza J, Francescone R, Luong T, Shah N, Madhani R, Cukierman G, Dulaimi E, Devarajan K, Egleston BL, Nicolas E, Katherine Alpaugh R, Malik R, Uzzo RG, Hoffman JP, Golemis EA, Cukierman E. Matrix-regulated integrin α vβ 5 maintains α 5β 1-dependent desmoplastic traits prognostic of neoplastic recurrence. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28139197 PMCID: PMC5283834 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplasia, a fibrotic mass including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and self-sustaining extracellular matrix (D-ECM), is a puzzling feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDACs). Conflicting studies have identified tumor-restricting and tumor-promoting roles of PDAC-associated desmoplasia, suggesting that individual CAF/D-ECM protein constituents have distinguishable tumorigenic and tumor-repressive functions. Using 3D culture of normal pancreatic versus PDAC-associated human fibroblasts, we identified a CAF/D-ECM phenotype that correlates with improved patient outcomes, and that includes CAFs enriched in plasma membrane-localized, active α5β1-integrin. Mechanistically, we established that TGFβ is required for D-ECM production but dispensable for D-ECM-induced naïve fibroblast-to-CAF activation, which depends on αvβ5-integrin redistribution of pFAK-independent active α5β1-integrin to assorted endosomes. Importantly, the development of a simultaneous multi-channel immunofluorescence approach and new algorithms for computational batch-analysis and their application to a human PDAC panel, indicated that stromal localization and levels of active SMAD2/3 and α5β1-integrin distinguish patient-protective from patient-detrimental desmoplasia and foretell tumor recurrences, suggesting a useful new prognostic tool. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20600.001 Tumors are not entirely made out of cancerous cells. They contain many other components – referred to as tumor stroma – that may either encourage or hinder the tumor’s growth. Tumor stroma includes non-cancerous cells and a framework of fibrous sugary proteins, called the extracellular matrix, which surround and signal to cells while providing physical support. In the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, the stroma often makes up the majority of the tumor’s mass. Sometimes the stroma of these pancreatic tumors can protect the cancer cells from anti-cancer drugs. Researchers have therefore been interested in finding out exactly which aspects of the tumor stroma shield and support cancer cells, and which impede their growth and progression. Answering these questions could make it possible to develop new drugs that will change a tumor-supporting stroma into one that hinders the tumor’s growth and spread. The most abundant cells in the stroma of pancreatic tumors are called cancer-associated fibroblasts. Healthy specialized fibroblasts – known as pancreatic stellate cells – help to build and maintain the ‘normal’ extracellular matrix and so these cells normally restrict a tumor’s development. However, cancer cells can adapt healthy fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts, which produce an altered extracellular matrix that could allow the tumor to grow. Franco-Barraza et al. have now compared healthy and cancer-associated fibroblasts from patients’ pancreatic tumors. One of the main differences between these two cell types was the location of the activated form of a molecule called α5β1-integrin. Healthy fibroblasts, in a normal extracellular matrix, have active α5β1-integrin on the surface of the cell. However, a number of tumor-promoting signals, including some from the altered extracellular matrix, could force the active α5β1-integrins to relocate inside the fibroblasts instead. In further experiments, where the activated integrin was retained at the cell surface, the fibroblasts were able to resist the influence of the cancer-associated extracellular matrix. Then again, if the active α5β1-integrins were directed inside the cells, healthy cells turned into cancer-associated fibroblasts. With this information in hand, Franco-Barraza et al. examined tumor samples from over a hundred pancreatic cancer patients using a new microscopy-based technique that distinguishes cancer cells from stroma cells. The analysis confirmed the pattern observed in the laboratory: those patients who appeared to produce more normal extracellular matrix and have active α5β1-integrin localized mostly to the surface of the cells survived longer without the cancer returning than those patients who lacked these stroma traits. Samples from patients with kidney cancer also showed similar results and, as before, an altered extracellular matrix was linked to a worse outcome of the disease. Together these findings suggest that if future studies uncover ways to relocate or maintain active α5β1-integrin to the cell surface of fibroblasts they could lead to new treatments to restrict the growth of tumors in cancer patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20600.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Francescone
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Neelima Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Raj Madhani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Gil Cukierman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Essel Dulaimi
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Brian L Egleston
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Programs in Genomics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - John P Hoffman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
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Bynigeri RR, Jakkampudi A, Jangala R, Subramanyam C, Sasikala M, Rao GV, Reddy DN, Talukdar R. Pancreatic stellate cell: Pandora's box for pancreatic disease biology. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:382-405. [PMID: 28210075 PMCID: PMC5291844 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were identified in the early 1980s, but received much attention after 1998 when the methods to isolate and culture them from murine and human sources were developed. PSCs contribute to a small proportion of all pancreatic cells under physiological condition, but are essential for maintaining the normal pancreatic architecture. Quiescent PSCs are characterized by the presence of vitamin A laden lipid droplets. Upon PSC activation, these perinuclear lipid droplets disappear from the cytosol, attain a myofibroblast like phenotype and expresses the activation marker, alpha smooth muscle actin. PSCs maintain their activated phenotype via an autocrine loop involving different cytokines and contribute to progressive fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT, Smad, Wnt signaling, Hedgehog etc.), transcription factors and miRNAs have been implicated in the inflammatory and profibrogenic function of PSCs. The role of PSCs goes much beyond fibrosis/desmoplasia in PDAC. It is now shown that PSCs are involved in significant crosstalk between the pancreatic cancer cells and the cancer stroma. These interactions result in tumour progression, metastasis, tumour hypoxia, immune evasion and drug resistance. This is the rationale for therapeutic preclinical and clinical trials that have targeted PSCs and the cancer stroma.
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83
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Pan J, D'Souza MA, Dufresne CP, Semba RD, Qian J, Edward DP. Anatomical differences of the protein profile in the rabbit sclera during growth. Exp Eye Res 2017; 154:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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84
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Chen G, Nakamura I, Dhanasekaran R, Iguchi E, Tolosa EJ, Romecin PA, Vera RE, Almada LL, Miamen AG, Chaiteerakij R, Zhou M, Asiedu MK, Moser CD, Han S, Hu C, Banini BA, Oseini AM, Chen Y, Fang Y, Yang D, Shaleh HM, Wang S, Wu D, Song T, Lee JS, Thorgeirsson SS, Chevet E, Shah VH, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Roberts LR. Transcriptional Induction of Periostin by a Sulfatase 2-TGFβ1-SMAD Signaling Axis Mediates Tumor Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 77:632-645. [PMID: 27872089 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Existing antiangiogenic approaches to treat metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are weakly effectual, prompting further study of tumor angiogenesis in this disease setting. Here, we report a novel role for sulfatase 2 (SULF2) in driving HCC angiogenesis. Sulf2-deficient mice (Sulf2 KO) exhibited resistance to diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC and did not develop metastases like wild-type mice (Sulf2 WT). The smaller and less numerous tumors formed in Sulf2 KO mice exhibited a markedly lower microvascular density. In human HCC cells, SULF2 overexpression increased endothelial proliferation, adhesion, chemotaxis, and tube formation in a paracrine fashion. Mechanistic analyses identified the extracellular matrix protein periostin (POSTN), a ligand of αvβ3/5 integrins, as an effector protein in SULF2-induced angiogenesis. POSTN silencing in HCC cells attenuated SULF2-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo The TGFβ1/SMAD pathway was identified as a critical signaling axis between SULF2 and upregulation of POSTN transcription. In clinical HCC specimens, elevated levels of SULF2 correlated with increased microvascular density, POSTN levels, and relatively poorer patient survival. Together, our findings define an important axis controlling angiogenesis in HCC and a mechanistic foundation for rational drug development. Cancer Res; 77(3); 632-45. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ikuo Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Eriko Iguchi
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ezequiel J Tolosa
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paola A Romecin
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Renzo E Vera
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alexander G Miamen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michael K Asiedu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Catherine D Moser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shaoshan Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunling Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bubu A Banini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abdul M Oseini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yichun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yong Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dongye Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hassan M Shaleh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dehai Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tao Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, Université Rennes 1, and Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.
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85
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Drifka CR, Loeffler AG, Mathewson K, Keikhosravi A, Eickhoff JC, Liu Y, Weber SM, Kao WJ, Eliceiri KW. Highly aligned stromal collagen is a negative prognostic factor following pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76197-76213. [PMID: 27776346 PMCID: PMC5342807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression after surgery are unclear, and additional prognostic factors are needed to inform treatment regimens and therapeutic targets. PDAC is characterized by advanced sclerosis of the extracellular matrix, and interactions between cancer cells, fibrillar collagen, and other stromal components play an integral role in progression. Changes in stromal collagen alignment have been shown to modulate cancer cell behavior and have important clinical value in other cancer types, but little is known about its role in PDAC and prognostic value. We hypothesized that the alignment of collagen is associated with PDAC patient survival. To address this, pathology-confirmed tissues from 114 PDAC patients that underwent curative-intent surgery were retrospectively imaged with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, quantified with fiber segmentation algorithms, and correlated to patient survival. The same tissue regions were analyzed for epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT), α-SMA, and syndecan-1 using complimentary immunohistostaining and visualization techniques. Significant inter-tumoral variation in collagen alignment was found, and notably high collagen alignment was observed in 12% of the patient cohort. Stratification of patients according to collagen alignment revealed that high alignment is an independent negative factor following PDAC resection (p = 0.0153, multivariate). We also found that epithelial expression of EMT and the stromal expression of α-SMA and syndecan-1 were positively correlated with collagen alignment. In summary, stromal collagen alignment may provide additional, clinically-relevant information about PDAC tumors and underscores the importance of stroma-cancer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agnes G. Loeffler
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kara Mathewson
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W. John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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86
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Birtolo C, Pham H, Morvaridi S, Chheda C, Go VLW, Ptasznik A, Edderkaoui M, Weisman MH, Noss E, Brenner MB, Larson B, Guindi M, Wang Q, Pandol SJ. Cadherin-11 Is a Cell Surface Marker Up-Regulated in Activated Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Is Involved in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:146-155. [PMID: 27855278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a prominent risk factor for the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In both conditions, the activation of myofibroblast-like pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a predominant role in the formation of desmoplastic reaction through the synthesis of connective tissue and extracellular matrix, inducing local pancreatic fibrosis and an inflammatory response. Yet the signaling events involved in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis remain poorly defined. Cadherin-11 (Cad-11, also known as OB cadherin or CDH11) is a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule implicated in many biological functions, including tissue morphogenesis and architecture, extracellular matrix-mediated tissue remodeling, cytoskeletal organization, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cellular migration. In this study, we show that, in human chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissues, Cad-11 expression was significantly increased in PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells. In particular, an increased expression of Cad-11 can be detected on the plasma membrane of activated PSCs isolated from chronic pancreatitis tissues and in pancreatic cancer cells metastasized to the liver. Moreover, knockdown of Cad-11 in cancer cells reduced pancreatic cancer cell migration. Taken together, our data underline the potential role of Cad-11 in PSC activation and pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Birtolo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hung Pham
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Morvaridi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chintan Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vay Liang W Go
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrzej Ptasznik
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Noss
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent Larson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California.
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87
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Xu X, Chang W, Yuan J, Han X, Tan X, Ding Y, Luo Y, Cai H, Liu Y, Gao X, Liu Q, Yu Y, Du Y, Wang H, Ma L, Wang J, Chen K, Ding Y, Fu C, Cao G. Periostin expression in intra-tumoral stromal cells is prognostic and predictive for colorectal carcinoma via creating a cancer-supportive niche. Oncotarget 2016; 7:798-813. [PMID: 26556874 PMCID: PMC4808034 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN) expression in cancer cells and circulation has been related to poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the role of POSTN expressed in intra-tumoral stroma on CRC progression remains largely unknown. This study enrolled 1098 CRC patients who received surgical treatment in Shanghai and Guangzhou, Mainland China. In Shanghai cohort, immunohistochemistry score of stromal POSTN expression increased consecutively from adjacent mucosa, primary CRC tissues, to metastatic CRC tissues (P < 0.001), while medium- and high-stromal POSTN expression, rather than epithelial POSTN expression, independently predicted unfavorable prognoses of CRC, adjusted for covariates including TNM stage and postoperative chemotherapy in multivariate Cox models. The results in Shanghai cohort were faithfully replicated in Guangzhou cohort. Stromal POSTN expression dose-dependently predicted an unfavorable prognosis of stage III CRC patients with postoperative chemotherapy in both cohorts. POSTN derived from colonic fibroblasts or recombinant POSTN significantly promoted proliferation, anchorage independent growth, invasion, and chemo-resistance of CRC cells; whereas these effects were counteracted via targeting to PI3K/Akt or Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CRC cell RKO-derived factor(s) significantly induced POSTN production in colonic fibroblasts and autocrine POSTN promoted proliferation, migration, and anchorage independent growth of fibroblasts. Conclusively, stromal POSTN is prognostic and predictive for CRC via creating a niche to facilitate cancer progression. Targeting POSTN-induced signaling pathways may be therapeutic options for metastatic or chemoresistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhua Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liye Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangang Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The 1st Affilaited Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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88
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Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Cell Line, ASAN-PaCa, Derived From Human Adenocarcinoma Arising in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas. Pancreas 2016; 45:1452-1460. [PMID: 27518460 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to establish and characterize a novel pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line from a patient in whom the origin of the invasive carcinoma could be traced back to the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) precursor lesion. METHODS The primary patient-derived tumor was propagated in immunocompromised mice for 2 generations and used to establish a continuous in vitro culture termed ASAN-PaCa. Transplantation to fertilized chicken eggs confirmed the tumorigenic potential in vivo. Molecular analyses included karyotyping, next-generation genomic sequencing, expression analysis of marker proteins, and mucin-profiling. RESULTS The analysis of marker proteins confirmed the epithelial nature of the established cell line, and revealed that the expression of the mucin MUC1 was higher than that of MUC2 and MUC5AC. ASAN-PaCa cells showed rapid in vitro and in vivo growth and multiple chromosomal aberrations. They harbored mutations in KRAS (Q61H), TP53 (Y220C), and RNF43 (I47V and L418M) but lacked either IPMN-specific GNAS or presumed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-driving mutations in KRAS (codons 12/13), SMAD, and CDKN2A genes. CONCLUSIONS ASAN-PaCa cell line represents a novel preclinical model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma arising in the background of IPMN, and offers an opportunity to study how further introduction of known driver mutations might contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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89
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Di Maggio F, Arumugam P, Delvecchio FR, Batista S, Lechertier T, Hodivala-Dilke K, Kocher HM. Pancreatic stellate cells regulate blood vessel density in the stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2016; 16:995-1004. [PMID: 27288147 PMCID: PMC5123629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.05.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The vascular heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has never been characterised. We analysed the heterogeneous vascular density of human PDAC along with its prognostic correlation. METHODS Tissue Microarrays of 87 patients with different pancreatico-biliary pathologies were analysed in an automated manner (Ariol™) after CD31 staining to assess vascular density in juxta-tumoral and panstromal compartments. In vitro and ex vivo assays were carried out to assess the role of PSC. RESULTS PDAC has a distinct vascular density and distribution of vessels compared to cholangiocarcinoma. The PDAC juxta-tumoral stroma was hypovascular and the normal adjacent rim was hypervascular compared to the panstromal compartment. These features adversely affected patient prognosis, suggesting a model for spatio-temporal PDAC evolution. Mice aortic rings and 3D organotypic cultures demonstrated pro- and anti-angiogenic signalling from activated PSC and cancer cells respectively. ATRA-induced quiescence suppressed the pro-angiogenic activity of PSC. CONCLUSION Human PDAC has variable vascularity at microscopic level suggesting that novel stromal directed therapies would need to be determined by pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maggio
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Prabhu Arumugam
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Francesca R Delvecchio
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Batista
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tanguy Lechertier
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK.
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90
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Periostin promotes the chemotherapy resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15283-15291. [PMID: 27696296 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer-related deaths. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine has been the cornerstone of adjuvant chemotherapy in PDAC for decades. However, gemcitabine resistance develops within weeks of chemotherapy initiation, which might be intrinsic to cancer cells and influenced by tumor microenvironment. Recently, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have greatly increased our attention on tumor microenvironment-mediated drug resistance. Periostin is exclusively overexpressed in PSCs and the stroma of PDAC creating a tumor-supportive microenvironment in the pancreas. However, whether periostin contributed to chemoresistance in PDAC remains unknown. Therefore, we focused on the role of periostin in PDAC by observing the effects of silencing this gene on gemcitabine resistance in vitro and in vivo aiming to explore the possible molecular mechanism. In this study, the pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) proliferation and apoptosis were assayed to investigate the sensitivity to gemcitabine after silencing periostin. We provide the evidence that periostin not only drives the carcinogenic process itself but also significantly associated with gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. These findings collectively indicated that periostin increases the chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Thus, targeting periostin might offer a new opportunity to overcome the gemcitabine resistance of PDAC.
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91
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Nitsche U, Stangel D, Pan Z, Schlitter AM, Esposito I, Regel I, Raulefs S, Friess H, Kleeff J, Erkan M. Periostin and tumor-stroma interactions in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3804-3810. [PMID: 27895734 PMCID: PMC5104169 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality globally. Interactions of the cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment are essential carcinogenic features for the majority of solid tumors, such as pancreatic cancer. The present study investigated the role of stromal activation in NSCLC and analyzed the surgical specimens of 93 patients by immunohistochemistry with regard to periostin (an extracellular matrix protein), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; a marker of myofibroblasts) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31; a marker of endothelial cells), and the activated stroma index. There was a trend towards reduced overall survival for patients with high periostin expression (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–3.27; P=0.050). No significant correlations with overall survival were identified for α-SMA (P=0.930), CD31 (P=0.923), collagen (P=0.441) or the activated stroma index (P=0.706). In a multivariable analysis, the histological tumor subtype, tumor stage, lymph node involvement and resection status were independent prognostic factors in NSCLC, but none of the investigated immunohistochemical markers were prognostic factors. Thus, the tumor microenvironment and stroma activation did not prove to be of prognostic relevance for lung cancer, as it has been previously described for pancreatic cancer. Other markers of the microenvironment of NSCLC may be of higher prognostic value, pointing towards tumor-type specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Stangel
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Zheng Pan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University Hospital, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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92
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Stromal Fibrosis and Expression of Matricellular Proteins Correlate With Histological Grade of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas. Pancreas 2016; 45:1145-52. [PMID: 26967452 PMCID: PMC4993122 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to clarify the correlation between the microenvironmental factors and histological grade in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). METHODS We investigated 65 IPMNs resected at Yamagata University Hospital between 2000 and 2011, and all cases were categorized to low-inter (including low- and intermediate-grade dysplasia) and high-inv (including high-grade dysplasia and IPMN with an associated invasive carcinoma) groups. We compared between the 2 groups pathologically with regard to fibrosis and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), periostin, and galectin-1 in the periductal stroma of IPMN. RESULTS There were 41 low-inter and 24 high-inv. The subtype was categorized as 22 main duct type (MD-IPMN) and 43 branch duct type (BD-IPMN). The degree of fibrosis and the expression of α-SMA, periostin, and galectin-1 were significantly higher in high-inv than in low-inter within BD-IPMNs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high expression of α-SMA (odds ratio, 13.802; 95% confidence interval, 1.108-171.893; P = 0.0414) was a significant independent related factor of high-inv in BD-IPMN. CONCLUSIONS Stromal fibrosis and expression of α-SMA, periostin, and galectin-1 are more marked in high-inv than in low-inter within BD-IPMNs, and they could become new markers for determining the indications for surgery in BD-IPMN.
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93
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Zhang WW, Zhan SH, Geng CX, Sun X, Erkan M, Kleeff J, Xie XJ. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule regulates the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3627-33. [PMID: 27573419 PMCID: PMC5042774 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. In the present study, the expression and functional role of ALCAM in pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) was investigated. Tissue specimens were obtained from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n=56) or chronic pancreatitis (CP; n=10), who underwent pancreatic resection, and from normal pancreatic tissue samples (n=10). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the localization and expression of ALCAM in pancreatic tissues. Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were applied to assess the expression of ALCAM in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 and T3M4 cells, as well as in PSCs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure ALCAM levels in cell culture medium stimulated by hypoxia, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor-β. Silencing of ALCAM was performed using ALCAM small interfering (si)RNA and immunocytochemistry was used to analyze the inhibition efficiency. An invasion assay and a cell interaction assay were performed to assess the invasive ability and co-cultured adhesive potential of Panc-1 and T3M4 cells, as well as PSCs. Histologically, ALCAM expression was generally weak or absent in pancreatic cancer cells, but was markedly upregulated in PSCs in pancreatic cancer tissues. ALCAM was highly expressed in PSCs from CP tissues and PSCs surrounding pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, as well as in pancreatic cancer cells. ALCAM mRNA was highly expressed in PSCs, with a low to moderate expression in T3M4 and Panc-1 cells. Similar to the mRNA expression, immunoblotting demonstrated that ALCAM protein levels were high in PSCs and T3M4 cells, but low in Panc-1 cells. The expression of TNF-α increased, while hypoxia decreased the secretion of ALCAM in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 and T3M4 cells, and also in PSCs. Silencing of ALCAM by siRNA revealed no significant alteration in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, however, it inhibited the invasive ability of PSCs, and decreased the interaction between Panc-1 cells and PSCs. In conclusion, ALCAM is upregulated in PSCs of pancreatic cancer tissues, suggesting a potential role of ALCAM in regulating pancreatic cancer cell-PSC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Xin Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang-Jun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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94
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Liu Y, Li F, Gao F, Xing L, Qin P, Liang X, Zhang J, Qiao X, Lin L, Zhao Q, Du L. Role of microenvironmental periostin in pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 8:89552-89565. [PMID: 29163770 PMCID: PMC5685691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent desmoplastic reaction. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the principal effector cells responsible for stroma production. Aberrant up-regulation of periostin expression has been reported in activated PSCs. In this study, we investigated the role of periostin and the mechanisms underlying its aberrant upregulation in PDAC. We used lentiviral shRNA and human recombinant periostin protein to down and up regulate periostin expression in vitro. Specific oncogenic signaling pathways such as EGFR-Akt and EGFR-Erk-c-Myc were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical assays including 80 pancreatic cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were used to understand the function relationship between periostin expression and PDAC pathologic stage and overall survival. We found that periostin was strongly expressed in PSCs and the stroma of PDAC tumors. We also observed a significant decrease in proliferation, metastasis, and clonality of pancreatic cancer cells when co-cultured with supernatant of periostin shRNA-transfected PSCs. Specifically, the biological behavior of periostin correlated with EGFR-Akt and EGER-Erk-c-Myc signaling pathways. Moreover, increased periostin expression significantly associated with advanced disease stage and decreased survival rate in PDAC patients. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the role of microenvironmental periostin in pancreatic cancer progression, and periostin may serve as a prognostic biomarker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lingxi Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingxin Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis and National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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95
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Kong B, Cheng T, Wu W, Regel I, Raulefs S, Friess H, Erkan M, Esposito I, Kleeff J, Michalski CW. Hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress characterizes a necrotic phenotype of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32154-60. [PMID: 26452217 PMCID: PMC4741665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal fibrosis and tissue necrosis are major histological sequelae of hypoxia. The hypoxia-to-fibrosis sequence is well-documented in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, hypoxic and necrotic PDAC phenotypes are insufficiently characterized. Recently, reduction of tuberous sclerosis expression in mice together with oncogenic Kras demonstrated a rapidly metastasizing phenotype with histologically eccentric necrosis, transitional hypoxia and devascularisation. We established cell lines from these tumors and transplanted them orthotopically into wild-type mice to test their abilities to recapitulate the histological features of the primary lesions. Notably, the necrotic phenotype was reproduced by only a subset of cell lines while others gave rise to dedifferentiated tumors with significantly reduced necrosis. In vitro analysis of the necrotic tumor-inducing cell lines revealed that these cells released a significant amount of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). However, its release was not further increased under hypoxic conditions. Defective hypoxia-induced VEGFA secretion was not due to impaired VEGFA transcription or hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha activation, but rather a result of hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We thus identified hypoxia-induced ER stress as an important pathway in PDACs with tissue necrosis and rapid metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
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96
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Fukumoto T, Watanabe T, Hirai I, Kimura W. Pancreatic volume is one of the independent prognostic factors for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2016; 23:472-9. [PMID: 27246905 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is accompanied with pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis. We previously reported the correlation between pancreatic volume and body surface area (BSA) and significant reduction of BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume in pancreatic cancer patients. We evaluated potential correlation between BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume and PDAC prognosis. METHODS The study subjects were 48 pancreatic cancer patients received pancreatectomy at our department from June 2006 to September 2012. Pancreatic volumetry was retrospectively performed using the images obtained from multidetector computed tomography before the surgery. BSA-adjusted pancreatic volumes were calculated and analyzed for potential correlation with the prognosis. RESULTS Average BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume among 48 cases was 35.4 ± 11.9 ml/m(2) . Types of surgery included 24 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy and 24 cases with distal pancreatectomy. The cases with BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume less than 40 ml/m(2) had significantly poorer prognosis compared to the cases of 40 ml/m(2) and greater (3-year survival rate: 32.4% vs. 64.3%). Statistical analysis identified four prognosis factors, i.e. BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume less than 40 ml/m(2) , postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated BSA-adjusted pancreatic volume as a prognosis factor for PDAC and the volume of 40 ml/m(2) is considered to be the cutoff value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fukumoto
- First Department of Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- First Department of Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hirai
- First Department of Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- First Department of Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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97
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Delitto D, Wallet SM, Hughes SJ. Targeting tumor tolerance: A new hope for pancreatic cancer therapy? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:9-29. [PMID: 27343757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of just 8%, pancreatic cancer (PC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Most PC patients are not eligible for surgery with curative intent upon diagnosis, emphasizing a need for more effective therapies. However, PC is notoriously resistant to chemoradiation regimens. As an alternative, immune modulating strategies have recently achieved success in melanoma, prompting their application to other solid tumors. For such therapeutic approaches to succeed, a state of immunologic tolerance must be reversed in the tumor microenvironment and that has been especially challenging in PC. Nonetheless, knowledge of the PC immune microenvironment has advanced considerably over the past decade, yielding new insights and perspectives to guide multimodal therapies. In this review, we catalog the historical groundwork and discuss the evolution of the cancer immunology field to its present state with a specific focus on PC. Strategies currently employing immune modulation in PC are reviewed, specifically highlighting 66 clinical trials across the United States and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delitto
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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98
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Moniuszko T, Wincewicz A, Koda M, Domysławska I, Sulkowski S. Role of periostin in esophageal, gastric and colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:783-787. [PMID: 27446351 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin, also known as osteoblast-specific factor 2, is a cell-adhesion protein with pleiotropic properties. The protein serves a vital role in the maintenance and development of tooth and bone tissue, in addition to cardiac development and healing. Periostin levels are increased in several forms of cancer, including pancreatic, ovarian, colon, lung, breast, gastric, thyroid, and esophageal head and neck carcinomas. The present review highlights the key role of periostin in tumorigenesis, particularly in increasing cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of carcinoma cells by interacting with numerous cell-surface receptors, including integrins, in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway. In addition, periostin actively affects the canonical Wnt signaling pathway of colorectal tumorigenesis. The current review focused on the involvement of periostin in the development of colorectal, esophageal and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Moniuszko
- Department of Respiratory Diagnostics and Bronchofiberoscopy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlaskie 15-269, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wincewicz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Świętokrzyskie 25-317, Poland
| | - Mariusz Koda
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlaskie 15-269, Poland
| | - Izabela Domysławska
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlaskie 15-269, Poland
| | - Stanisław Sulkowski
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlaskie 15-269, Poland
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99
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Li X, Roife D, Kang Y, Dai B, Pratt M, Fleming JB. Extracellular lumican augments cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells via autophagy inhibition. Oncogene 2016; 35:4881-90. [PMID: 26876211 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lumican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan overexpressed by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACs), drives the formation of a tumor-specific microenvironment. We recently showed that extracellular lumican inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and is associated with prolonged survival after surgery. Here we investigated the role of extracellular lumican in chemotherapy-mediated cancer therapy. Lumican secretion was increased by chemotherapeutic agents in PDAC, and especially in PSCs, and appeared to be linked to the extent of cells' response to chemotherapy-induced growth inhibition. In multiple PDAC models, including cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and lumican knockout mice, lumican significantly increased antitumor effect of chemotherapy. This effect was associated with DNA damage, apoptosis and inhibition of cell viability, glucose consumption, lactate production and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. In PDAC cells, chemotherapeutic agents triggered autophagosome formation and increased LC3 expression through the reactive oxygen species-mediated AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of gemcitabine-induced autophagy in cancer cells by treatment with AMPK inhibitor compound C, lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine or autophagy inhibitor 3MA enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy is a protective cellular response to gemcitabine treatment. Importantly, lumican dramatically decreased AMPK activity, inhibiting chemotherapy-induced autophagy in both in vitro and in vivo PDAC models. Co-treatment of PDAC cells with lumican and gemcitabine increased mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytochrome c release, indicating that lumican-induced disruption of mitochondrial function may be the mechanism of sensitization to gemcitabine. Together, our findings demonstrate that extracellular lumican augments cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in PDAC cells through inhibition of chemotherapeutic agent-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Roife
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Pratt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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100
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Nuzzo PV, Rubagotti A, Zinoli L, Salvi S, Boccardo S, Boccardo F. The prognostic value of stromal and epithelial periostin expression in human breast cancer: correlation with clinical pathological features and mortality outcome. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:95. [PMID: 26872609 PMCID: PMC4752779 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PN is a secreted cell adhesion protein critical for carcinogenesis. In breast cancer, it is overexpressed compared to normal breast, and a few reports suggest that it has a potential role as a prognostic marker. Methods Tumour samples obtained at the time of mastectomy from 200 women followed for a median time of 18.7 years (range 0.5–29.5 years) were investigated through IHC with a polyclonal anti-PN antibody using tissue microarrays. Epithelial and stromal PN expression were scored independently according to the percentage of coloured cells; the 60th percentile of PN epithelial expression, corresponding to 1 %, and the median value of PN stromal expression, corresponding to 90 %, were used as arbitrary cut-offs. The relationships between epithelial and stromal PN expression and clinical-pathological features, tumour phenotype and the risk of mortality following surgery were analysed. Appropriate statistics, including the Fine and Gray competing risk proportional hazard regression model, were used. Results The expression of PN in tumour epithelial cells was significantly lower than that which was observed in stromal cells (p < 0.000). No specific association between epithelial or stromal PN expression and any of the clinical-pathological parameters analysed was found as it was observed in respect to mortality when these variables were analysed individually. However, when both variables were considered as a function of the other one, the expression of PN in the stromal cells maintained a statistically significant predictive value with respect to both all causes and cancer-specific mortality only in the presence of high epithelial expression levels. No significant differences in either all causes or BCa-specific mortality rates were shown according to epithelial expression for tumours displaying higher stromal PN expression rates. However, the trends were opposite for the higher stromal values and the patients with high epithelial expression levels denoted the group with the worst prognosis, while higher epithelial values in patients with lower stromal expression levels denoted the group with the best prognosis, suggesting that PN epithelial/stromal interactions play a crucial role in breast carcinogenesis, most likely due to functional cross-talk between the two compartments. On the basis of PN expression in both compartments, we defined 4 subgroups of patients with different mortality rates with the group of patients characterized by positive epithelial and low stromal PN expression cells showing the lowest mortality risk as opposed to the groups of patients identified by a high PN expression in both cell compartments or those identified by a low or absent PN expression in both cell compartments showing the worst mortality rates. The differences were highly statistically significant and were also retained after multiparametric analysis. Competing risk analysis demonstrated that PN expression patterns characterizing each of previous groups are specifically associated with cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions Although they require further validation through larger studies, our findings suggest that the patterns of expression of PN in both compartments can allow for the development of IHC “signatures” that maintain a strong independent predictive value of both all causes and, namely, of cancer-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nuzzo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rubagotti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Zinoli
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Salvi
- Histopathology and Cytology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Boccardo
- Histopathology and Cytology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, San Martino University Hospital and National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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