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Zhang L, Wang M. Growth Inhibitory Effect of Mangiferin on Thyroid Cancer Cell Line TPC1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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52
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Pastacı Özsobacı N, Düzgün Ergün D, Durmuş S, Tunçdemir M, Uzun H, Gelişgen R, Özçelik D. Selenium supplementation ameliorates electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in the HEK293 cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:572-579. [PMID: 29685784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a widespread use of 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation emitting devices especially in communication and education. Recent studies show the adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) such as oxidative stress, cellular damage and apoptosis on tissues. Selenium (Se) has an antioxidant properties by inhibiting oxidative damage being within the structure of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and it has also regulatory function for cell cycle and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Se on 2.4 GHz frequency EMF exposed human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) by means of alterations in apoptotic and oxidative stress parameters. Our study was planned as control, EMF, 100 nM Se + EMF, 200 nM Se + EMF groups. EMF groups were exposed to 2.4 GHz EMF for 1 h, element groups were incubated with two different doses of Se added cell culture medium for 48 h before EMF exposure. MDA levels were significantly higher whereas SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in EMF compared to control. 100 and 200 nM Se + EMF application decreased MDA levels, increased SOD and GSH-Px activities than EMF. Apoptosis and caspase-3 were statistically significantly higher but bcl-2 was lower in EMF than control. Apoptosis and caspase-3 were lower in 100 and 200 nM Se + EMF, although bcl-2 were higher than EMF. In conclusion, Se has protective effects against 2.4 GHz EMF-induced oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation, regulating SOD and GSH-Px activity. Also, Se has inhibitory effect on 2.4 GHz EMF induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 and suppressing apoptosis regulatory protein caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilek Düzgün Ergün
- Biophysics Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Durmuş
- Biochemistry Dept., Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Matem Tunçdemir
- Medical Biology Dept., Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Biochemistry Dept., Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Remise Gelişgen
- Biochemistry Dept., Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Derviş Özçelik
- Biophysics Dept., Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Malemud CJ. Defective T-Cell Apoptosis and T-Regulatory Cell Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2018; 7:E223. [PMID: 30469466 PMCID: PMC6316166 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, systemic autoimmune disease that mostly affects small and large synovial joints. At the molecular level, RA is characterized by a profoundly defective innate and adaptive immune response that results in a chronic state of inflammation. Two of the most significant alterations in T-lymphocyte (T-cell) dysfunction in RA is the perpetual activation of T-cells that result in an abnormal proliferation state which also stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts within the joint synovial tissue. This event results in what we have termed "apoptosis resistance", which we believe is the leading cause of aberrant cell survival in RA. Finding therapies that will induce apoptosis under these conditions is one of the current goals of drug discovery. Over the past several years, a number of T-cell subsets have been identified. One of these T-cell subsets are the T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Under normal conditions Treg cells dictate the state of immune tolerance. However, in RA, the function of Treg cells become compromised resulting in Treg cell dysfunction. It has now been shown that several of the drugs employed in the medical therapy of RA can partially restore Treg cell function, which has also been associated with amelioration of the clinical symptoms of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Foley Medical Building, 2061 Cornell Road, Suite 207, Cleveland, OH 44122-5076, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Chimenti MS, Sunzini F, Fiorucci L, Botti E, Fonti GL, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Costa L, Caso F, Giunta A, Esposito M, Bianchi L, Santucci R, Perricone R. Potential Role of Cytochrome c and Tryptase in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Pathogenesis: Focus on Resistance to Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2363. [PMID: 30429845 PMCID: PMC6220124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PsO) is an autoimmune disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation, chronic inflammation and mast cell activation. Up to 42% of patients with PsO may present psoriatic arthritis (PsA). PsO and PsA share common pathophysiological mechanisms: keratinocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes are resistant to apoptosis: this is one of the mechanism facilitating their hyperplasic growth, and at joint level, the destruction of articular cartilage, and bone erosion and/or proliferation. Several clinical studies regarding diseases characterized by impairment of cell death, either due to apoptosis or necrosis, reported cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the extracellular space and finally into the circulation. The presence of elevated cytochrome c levels in serum has been demonstrated in diseases as inflammatory arthritis, myocardial infarction and stroke, and liver diseases. Cytochrome c is a signaling molecule essential for apoptotic cell death released from mitochondria to the cytosol allowing the interaction with protease, as the apoptosis protease activation factor, which lead to the activation of factor-1 and procaspase 9. It has been demonstrated that this efflux from the mitochondria is crucial to start the intracellular signaling responsible for apoptosis, then to the activation of the inflammatory process. Another inflammatory marker, the tryptase, a trypsin-like serine protease produced by mast cells, is released during inflammation, leading to the activation of several immune cells through proteinase-activated receptor-2. In this review, we aimed at discussing the role played by cytochrome c and tryptase in PsO and PsA pathogenesis. To this purpose, we searched pathogenetic mechanisms in PUBMED database and review on oxidative stress, cytochrome c and tryptase and their potential role during inflammation in PsO and PsA. To this regard, the cytochrome c release into the extracellular space and tryptase may have a role in skin and joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Sunzini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fiorucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Lavinia Fonti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Costa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Esposito
- Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Chakravarthy H, Devanathan V. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration: Potential Research Avenues and Therapeutic Targets. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:445-461. [PMID: 30293228 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating complication of diabetes with a prevalence rate of 35%, and no effective treatment options. Since the most visible clinical features of DR are microvascular irregularities, therapeutic interventions often attempt to reduce microvascular injury, but only after permanent retinal damage has ensued. However, recent data suggests that diabetes initially affects retinal neurons, leading to neurodegeneration as an early occurrence in DR, before onset of the more noticeable vascular abnormalities. In this review, we delineate the sequence of initiating events leading to retinal degeneration in DR, considering neuronal dysfunction as a primary event. Key molecular mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with retinal neuronal degeneration in diabetes are discussed. In addition to glial reactivity and inflammation in the diabetic retina, the contribution of neurotrophic factors, cell adhesion molecules, apoptosis markers, and G protein signaling to neurodegenerative pathways warrants further investigation. These studies could complement recent developments in innovative treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy, such as targeting retinal neuroprotection, promoting neuronal regeneration, and attempts to re-program other retinal cell types into functional neurons. Indeed, several ongoing clinical trials are currently attempting treatment of retinal neurodegeneration by means of such novel therapeutic avenues. The aim of this article is to highlight the crucial role of neurodegeneration in early retinopathy progression, and to review the molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction as a first step toward developing early therapeutic interventions that can prevent permanent retinal damage in diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02471651, NCT01492400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Transit campus: C/o. Sree Rama Engineering College Campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Transit campus: C/o. Sree Rama Engineering College Campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, 517507, India.
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Mitochondria-targeting BODIPY-loaded micelles as novel class of photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:599-609. [PMID: 30125721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of novel BODIPY-based photosensitizers have been designed and synthesized for photodynamic therapy. BODIPY3 was screened out as the most potential photosensitizer due to its excellent optical properties, high singlet oxygen efficiency and good photostability. However, as an organic photosensitizer, BODIPY3 still suffered from the drawbacks of insolubility and instability in aqueous system. In view of these problems, DSPE-PEG2000 was used to trap BODIPY3 into the hydrophobic core of micelles to obtain well-dispersing nano complexes BODIPY3-PEG3 in aqueous system. More importantly, BODIPY3-PEG3 not only has better solubility and stability in aqueous media but can generate significant singlet oxygen (1O2, one of the reactive oxygen species, the real cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy) in living cells and exhibit high light cytotoxicity to three cancer cell lines. The mechanism studies indicated the mitochondrial localization of BODIPY3-PEG3 was able to generate ROS in mitochondria, which further result in mitochondrial dysfunction and photoinduced apoptosis via caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathway.
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Semevolos SA, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Larson M, Kinsley MA. Expression of pro-apoptotic markers is increased along the osteochondral junction in naturally occurring osteochondrosis. Bone Rep 2018; 9:19-26. [PMID: 29998174 PMCID: PMC6038796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a naturally occurring disease of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone layers, leading to pain and decreased mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize gene and protein expression of apoptotic markers in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and along the osteochondral junction of osteochondrosis (OC)-affected and normal cartilage, using naturally occurring disease in horses. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal controls) were obtained from the lateral trochlear ridge of femoropatellar joints in 14 immature horses (1–6 months of age). Equine-specific caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-10, Fas, Bcl-2, BAG-1, TNFα, cytochrome C, thymosin-β10, and 18S mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time quantitative PCR. Percentage of cell death was determined using the TUNEL method. Protein expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 was determined following immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). In OC samples, there was significantly increased gene expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 in chondrocytes along the osteochondral junction and increased Fas gene expression in chondrocytes adjacent to cartilage canals, compared to controls. In OC samples, higher matrix Fas and cytochrome C protein expression, lower mitochondrial cytochrome C protein expression, and a trend for higher cytoplasmic caspase-10 protein expression were found. Collectively, these results suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated in OC cartilage. Increased apoptosis of osteochondral junction chondrocytes may play a role in OC, based on increased gene expression of several pro-apoptotic markers in this location. Pro-apoptotic marker gene expression increased in osteochondrosis cartilage Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways activated along osteochondral junction Higher caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maureen Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marc A Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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58
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Verma DK, Gupta S, Biswas J, Joshi N, Singh A, Gupta P, Tiwari S, Sivarama Raju K, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Singh S. New therapeutic activity of metabolic enhancer piracetam in treatment of neurodegenerative disease: Participation of caspase independent death factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2078-2096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Effectively Prevents Apoptosis Induced Hair Loss. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1380146. [PMID: 29808162 PMCID: PMC5902112 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1380146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Polygonum multiflorum against hair loss has been widely recognized. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is the main component of Polygonum multiflorum; however, its role in hair regeneration has not been established. To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity of TSG, depilated C57BL/6J mice were topically treated with normal saline, TSG, Pifithrin-α, Minoxidil for 2 weeks. In this study, we identified that p53, Caspase-3, Active Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 were obviously upregulated in the skin of human and mice with hair loss by western blot analysis. Depilated mice treated with TSG showed markedly hair regrowth. TUNEL+ cells were also reduced in mice with TSG. These changes were accompanied with inhibition of Fas, p53, Bax, Active Caspase-3, and Procaspase-9 activities. These results demonstrated that TSG exerts great hair regrowth effect on hair loss, which was probably mediated by inhibition of p53, Fas, and Bax induced apoptosis.
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Hong JM, Suh SS, Kim TK, Kim JE, Han SJ, Youn UJ, Yim JH, Kim IC. Anti-Cancer Activity of Lobaric Acid and Lobarstin Extracted from the Antarctic Lichen Stereocaulon alpnum. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29538328 PMCID: PMC6017138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobaric acid and lobarstin, secondary metabolites derived from the antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpnum, exert various biological activities, including antitumor, anti-proliferation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects have not yet been elucidated in human cervix adenocarcinoma and human colon carcinoma. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of lobaric acid and lobarstin on human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells and colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. We show that the proliferation of Hela and HCT116 cells treated with lobaric acid and lobarstin significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using flow cytometry analysis, we observed that the treatment with these compounds resulted in significant apoptosis in both cell lines, following cell cycle perturbation and arrest in G2/M phase. Furthermore, using immunoblot analysis, we investigated the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related marker genes and found a significant downregulation of the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and upregulation of the cleaved form of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a DNA repair and apoptosis regulator. These results suggest that lobaric acid and lobarstin could significantly inhibit cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cervix adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma cells. Taken together, our data suggests that lobaric acid and lobarstin might be novel agents for clinical treatment of cervix adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Mi Hong
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea.
| | - Tai Kyoung Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
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Bagrezaei F, Hassanshahi G, Mahmoodi M, Khanamani Falahati-Pour S, Mirzaei MR. Expression of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Gene Family Members in
Bladder Cancer Tissues and the 5637 Tumor Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:529-532. [PMID: 29480996 PMCID: PMC5980945 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apoptosis is suppressed in cancer tissues and tumor cell lines because anti-apoptosis genes are overexpressed.
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) gene family contributes to control of apoptosis. The expression
profile of eight genes of the IAP family in biopsies from patients with a history of bladder cancer and normal bladder
tissues, as well as a bladder tumor cell line (5637), was assessed in the present study. Methods: Cancer tissue samples
were obtained at surgery and the 5637 tumor cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 medium. Beyond tumor margins
were selected as normal tissue. Expressional profile of interested genes was obtained by using specific primers and the
real-time PCR method. Results: The results showed that expression of seven of the studied genes was up-regulated in
cancer tissues and the cell line whereas BIRC4 (XIAP) was down-regulated in both. Conclusions: The results showed
that these genes were expressed to a greater extent in cancer tissue and cancer cells than in normal tissues. The data
suggested that over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as IAP family members, can trigger cells to escape from
apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmideh Bagrezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
mirzaeemr@ gmail.com
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Zhou D, Zhou Y, Li C, Yang L. Silencing of B7-H4 suppresses the tumorigenicity of the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line and promotes cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1267-1276. [PMID: 29436630 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
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Park YL, Lee GH, Kim KY, Myung E, Kim JS, Myung DS, Park KJ, Cho SB, Lee WS, Jung YD, Kim HS, Joo YE. Expression of RON in colorectal cancer and its relationships with tumor cell behavior and prognosis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:652-62. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims and background The aims of the current study were to evaluate whether recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) affects tumor cell behavior and oncogenic signaling pathways in colorectal cancer, and to examine the relationship of its expression with various clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of the RON gene in human colorectal cancer tissue. To study the biological role of RON in tumor cell behavior and cellular signaling pathways, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down RON gene expression in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Results Knockdown of RON inhibited the induction of the invasive growth phenotype and the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways including Akt, MAPK and β-catenin. RON overexpression was associated with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor stage and poor survival. Conclusions These results suggest that RON overexpression may help in predicting poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Yu S, Gong LS, Li NF, Pan YF, Zhang L. Galangin (GG) combined with cisplatin (DDP) to suppress human lung cancer by inhibition of STAT3-regulated NF-κB and Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lan J, Huang L, Lou H, Chen C, Liu T, Hu S, Yao Y, Song J, Luo J, Liu Y, Xia B, Xia L, Zeng X, Ben-David Y, Pan W. Design and synthesis of novel C 14-urea-tetrandrine derivatives with potent anti-cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1968-1980. [PMID: 29133049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine is a dibenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania tetrandra, with anti-tumor activity. Our previous study identified several derivatives of tetrandrine showing better activities than parental compound against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To increase diversity and cytotoxic activities of the original compound, a series of novel 14-urea-tetrandrine derivatives were synthesized through structural modification of tetrandrine. These derivaties demonstrated a moderate to strong anti-proliferative activities against human cell lines HEL and K562 (Leukemia), prostate (PC3), breast (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma (WM9). Compound 4g showed strongest cytotoxic effect against PC3 cells with IC50 value of 0.64 μM, which was 12-fold, 31-fold and 26-fold lower than the parental tetrandrine, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that urea subsititution was the key pharmacophore for the enhancement of their antitumor activities. Induction of apoprosis by 4g was associated with the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and inhibition of antiapoptosis proteins survivin as well as Bcl-2. Moreover, activation of caspases led to increase cleavage of PARP, which further accelerates apoptotic cell death. These results reveal that the compound 4g may be used as a potential anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Huayong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Tangjingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Shengcao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Road, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Junrong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Guizhou University, Huaxi Avenue South, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 50 East Road, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Xueyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
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Chen VCH, Hsieh YH, Chen LJ, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. Escitalopram oxalate induces apoptosis in U-87MG cells and autophagy in GBM8401 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1167-1178. [PMID: 29105282 PMCID: PMC5783874 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as a most aggressive brain cancer with the worst prognosis and survival time. Owing to the anatomic location of gliomas, surgically removing the tumour is very difficult and avoiding damage to vital brain regions during radiotherapy is impossible. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma must urgently be improved. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have cytotoxic effect on certain cancers. Considering as a more superior SSRI, escitalopram oxalate exhibits favourable tolerability and causes generally mild and temporary adverse events. However, limited information is revealed about the influence of escitalopram oxalate on GBM. Therefore, an attempt was made herein to explore the effects of escitalopram oxalate on GBM. The experimental results revealed that escitalopram oxalate significantly inhibits the proliferation and invasive ability of U‐87MG cells and significantly reduced the expressions of cell cycle inhibitors such as Skp2, P57, P21 and P27. Notably, escitalopram oxalate also induced significant apoptotic cascades in U‐87MG cells and autophagy in GBM8401 cells. An animal study indicated that escitalopram oxalate inhibits the proliferation of xenografted glioblastoma in BALB/c nude mice. These findings implied that escitalopram oxalate may have potential in treatment of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jeng Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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67
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Figueiredo SA, Salvador JA, Cortés R, Cascante M. Novel celastrol derivatives with improved selectivity and enhanced antitumour activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:422-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang HX, Tang C. Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:703-714. [PMID: 28677816 PMCID: PMC5562077 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancers are mostly squamous cell carcinomas. Although targeting radio-resistant cancer cells is important for improving the treatmental efficiency, the signaling pathway- and therapeutic strategy-related to laryngeal carcinoma still require further study. Galangin is an active pharmacological ingredient, isolated from propolis and Alpinia officinarum Hance, and has been reported to have anticancer and anti-oxidative properties through regulation of cell cycle, resulting in angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion and migration without triggering any toxicity in normal cells. PI3K/AKT and p38 are important signaling pathways to modulate cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation through caspase-3, NF-κB and mTOR signal pathways. Autophagy is also enhanced by activating LC3s and Beclin 1. In the present study, galangin was found to suppress laryngeal cancer cell proliferation. Also, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and western blot analysis indicated that cell apoptosis was induced for galangin administration, promoting caspase-3 expression through regulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB. Furthermore, galangin inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, related to p38 inactivation by galangin treatment. Additionally, mTOR activation regulated by PI3K/AKT was reduced by galangin, suppressing cancer cell transcription and proliferation. Our data also indicated that the tumor volume and weight in nude mice were reduced for galangin use in vivo accompanied by Ki-67 decrease and TUNEL increase in tumor tissues. Together, our data indicated that galangin has a potential role in suppressing human laryngeal cancer via inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, activating apoptosis and autophagy, which were regulated by p38 and AKT/NF-κB/mTOR pathways, providing a therapeutic strategy for human laryngeal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tang
- Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Chen Tang, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Podophyllotoxin Extracted from Juniperus sabina Fruit Inhibits Rat Sperm Maturation and Fertility by Promoting Epididymal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6958982. [PMID: 28744317 PMCID: PMC5514346 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6958982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antifertility effect of Juniperus sabina fruit on male rats and its possible mechanism, and hence it might be developed as a potential nonhormonal male contraceptive. Male rats were intragastrically fed for consecutive 8-week and 4-week recovery with the fruit of J. Sabina, and sperm maturation, serum testosterone level, and histopathology were analyzed. Epididymal epithelial cell culture was prepared for detection of podophyllotoxin activities. Furthermore, cell proliferation, transmission electron microscopy, Annexin V/Propidium iodide, TUNEL, RT-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting were examined. The results showed that rat sperm motility and fertility were remarkably declined after feeding the fruit. Moreover, the fruit targeted the epididymis rather than the testis. After 4-week recovery, more than half of the male rats resumed normal fertility. It was found that podophyllotoxin significantly inhibited epididymal epithelial cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and increased the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and the expression levels of cytochrome c, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Our findings suggest that the fruit of J. sabina could inhibit male rat sperm maturation and fertility. The potential mechanism might be related to podophyllotoxin, inducing epididymal epithelial cell apoptosis through TNF-α and caspase signaling pathway.
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70
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Schaefer KA, Toral MA, Velez G, Cox AJ, Baker SA, Borcherding NC, Colgan DF, Bondada V, Mashburn CB, Yu CG, Geddes JW, Tsang SH, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB. Calpain-5 Expression in the Retina Localizes to Photoreceptor Synapses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:2509-21. [PMID: 27152965 PMCID: PMC4868102 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We characterize calpain-5 (CAPN5) expression in retinal and neuronal subcellular compartments. Methods CAPN5 gene variants were classified using the exome variant server, and RNA-sequencing was used to compare expression of CAPN5 mRNA in the mouse and human retina and in retinoblastoma cells. Expression of CAPN5 protein was ascertained in humans and mice in silico, in mouse retina by immunohistochemistry, and in neuronal cancer cell lines and fractionated central nervous system tissue extracts by Western analysis with eight antibodies targeting different CAPN5 regions. Results Most CAPN5 genetic variation occurs outside its protease core; and searches of cancer and epilepsy/autism genetic databases found no variants similar to hyperactivating retinal disease alleles. The mouse retina expressed one transcript for CAPN5 plus those of nine other calpains, similar to the human retina. In Y79 retinoblastoma cells, the level of CAPN5 transcript was very low. Immunohistochemistry detected CAPN5 expression in the inner and outer nuclear layers and at synapses in the outer plexiform layer. Western analysis of fractionated retinal extracts confirmed CAPN5 synapse localization. Western blots of fractionated brain neuronal extracts revealed distinct subcellular patterns and the potential presence of autoproteolytic CAPN5 domains. Conclusions CAPN5 is moderately expressed in the retina and, despite higher expression in other tissues, hyperactive disease mutants of CAPN5 only manifest as eye disease. At the cellular level, CAPN5 is expressed in several different functional compartments. CAPN5 localization at the photoreceptor synapse and with mitochondria explains the neural circuitry phenotype in human CAPN5 disease alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Schaefer
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Marcus A Toral
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 3Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Gabriel Velez
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 3Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Allison J Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Sheila A Baker
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 5Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Nicholas C Borcherding
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 3Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Diana F Colgan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Vimala Bondada
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Charles B Mashburn
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Chen-Guang Yu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - James W Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 9Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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Yang JS, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Hsu YM, Tsai SC, Chen SY, Chen YT, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Lin WY, Liu YH, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Autophagy and its link to type II diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:8. [PMID: 28612706 PMCID: PMC5479440 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a double-edged sword for cell survival, is the research object on 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Autophagy is a molecular mechanism for maintaining cellular physiology and promoting survival. Defects in autophagy lead to the etiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, neurodegeneration, infection disease and aging. DM is a metabolic and chronic disorder and has a higher prevalence in the world as well as in Taiwan. The character of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and failure of producing insulin on pancreatic beta cells. In T2DM, autophagy is not only providing nutrients to maintain cellular energy during fasting, but also removes damaged organelles, lipids and miss-folded proteins. In addition, autophagy plays an important role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the roles of autophagy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
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School of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung
804 Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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Cha H, Lee S, Hwan Kim S, Kim H, Lee DS, Lee HS, Lee JH, Park JW. Increased susceptibility of IDH2-deficient mice to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Redox Biol 2017; 13:32-38. [PMID: 28554049 PMCID: PMC5447514 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, relapsing, immunological, inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). It has been reported that UC, which is studied using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model, is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the apoptosis of intestine epithelial cells (IEC). Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) has been reported as an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system via generation of NADPH. Therefore, we evaluated the role of IDH2 in DSS-induced colitis using IDH2-deficient (IDH2-/-) mice. We observed that DSS-induced colitis in IDH2-/- mice was more severe than that in wild-type IDH2+/+ mice. Our results also suggest that IDH2 deficiency exacerbates PUMA-mediated apoptosis, resulting from NF-κB activation regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. In addition, DSS-induced colitis is ameliorated by an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) through attenuation of oxidative stress, resulting from deficiency of the IDH2 gene. In conclusion, deficiency of IDH2 leads to increased mitochondrial ROS levels, which inhibits HDAC activity, and the activation of NF-κB via acetylation is enhanced by attenuated HDAC activity, which causes PUMA-mediated apoptosis of IEC in DSS-induced colitis. The present study supported the rationale for targeting IDH2 as an important cancer chemoprevention strategy, particularly in the prevention of colorectal cancer. DSS-induced colitis model is associated with the production of ROS. IDH2 is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system. IDH2-deficient mice have an increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. IDH2 deficiency exacerbates apoptosis through the PUMA/NF-κB/HDAC axis. Protection of NAC against DSS-induced colitis IDH2-deficient mice was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanvit Cha
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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Shi B, Wang LF, Meng WS, Chen L, Meng ZL. Carnosic acid and fisetin combination therapy enhances inhibition of lung cancer through apoptosis induction. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2123-2135. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chang WL, Cheng FC, Wang SP, Chou ST, Shih Y. Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its major constituent cinnamaldehyde induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:456-468. [PMID: 26919256 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CC-EO) has various functional properties, such as anti-microbial, hypouricemic, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenesis activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of CC-EO and its major constituent, cinnamaldehyde, in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. Determination of the cell viability, apoptotic characteristics, DNA damage, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic Ca2+ level and intracellular redox status were performed. Our results demonstrated that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased cell viability and caused morphological changes. The cell cycle analysis revealed that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in HSC-3 cells. The apoptotic characteristics (DNA laddering and chromatin condensation) and DNA damage were observed in the CC-EO-treated and cinnamaldehyde-treated HSC-3 cells. Moreover, CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde promoted an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cytochrome c release. The results of ROS production and intracellular redox status demonstrated that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly increased the ROS production and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, and the cellular glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced in HSC-3 cells. Our results suggest that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde may possess anti-oral cancer activity in HSC-3 cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 456-468, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lun Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying Shih
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Terenina E, Fabre S, Bonnet A, Monniaux D, Robert-Granié C, SanCristobal M, Sarry J, Vignoles F, Gondret F, Monget P, Tosser-Klopp G. Differentially expressed genes and gene networks involved in pig ovarian follicular atresia. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:67-80. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian folliculogenesis corresponds to the development of follicles leading to either ovulation or degeneration, this latter process being called atresia. Even if atresia involves apoptosis, its mechanism is not well understood. The objective of this study was to analyze global gene expression in pig granulosa cells of ovarian follicles during atresia. The transcriptome analysis was performed on a 9,216 cDNA microarray to identify gene networks and candidate genes involved in pig ovarian follicular atresia. We found 1,684 significantly regulated genes to be differentially regulated between small healthy follicles and small atretic follicles. Among them, 287 genes had a fold-change higher than two between the two follicle groups. Eleven genes ( DKK3, GADD45A, CAMTA2, CCDC80, DAPK2, ECSIT, MSMB, NUPR1, RUNX2, SAMD4A, and ZNF628) having a fold-change higher than five between groups could likely serve as markers of follicular atresia. Moreover, automatic confrontation of deregulated genes with literature data highlighted 93 genes as regulatory candidates of pig granulosa cell atresia. Among these genes known to be inhibitors of apoptosis, stimulators of apoptosis, or tumor suppressors INHBB, HNF4, CLU, different interleukins ( IL5, IL24), TNF-associated receptor ( TNFR1), and cytochrome-c oxidase ( COX) were suggested as playing an important role in porcine atresia. The present study also enlists key upstream regulators in follicle atresia based on our results and on a literature review. The novel gene candidates and gene networks identified in the current study lead to a better understanding of the molecular regulation of ovarian follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Terenina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Stephane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Agnès Bonnet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- INRA UMR 0085, CNRS UMR 7247, Université Francois Rabelais de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Magali SanCristobal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Florence Vignoles
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, Saint‐Gilles, France; and
- AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, Saint‐Gilles, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- INRA UMR 0085, CNRS UMR 7247, Université Francois Rabelais de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Park KJ, Cho SB, Park YL, Kim N, Park SY, Myung DS, Lee WS, Kweon SS, Joo YE. Prospero homeobox 1 mediates the progression of gastric cancer by inducing tumor cell proliferation and lymphangiogenesis. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:104-115. [PMID: 26759228 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) functions as a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene in various cancer types. However, the distinct function of PROX1 in gastric cancer is unclear. We determined whether PROX1 affected the oncogenic behavior of gastric cancer cells and investigated its prognostic value in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS A small interfering RNA against PROX1 was used to silence PROX1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines AGS and SNU638. Expression of PROX1 in gastric cancer tissues was investigated by performing immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis were determined by performing the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, CD34, and D2-40. RESULTS PROX1 knockdown induced apoptosis by activating cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and by decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. PROX1 knockdown also suppressed tumor cell proliferation. In addition, PROX1 knockdown decreased lymphatic endothelial cell invasion and tube formation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. However, PROX1 knockdown only decreased umbilical vein endothelial cell invasion, not tube formation. The mean Ki-67 labeling index and lymphatic vessel density value of PROX1-positive tumors were significantly higher than those of PROX1-negative tumors. However, no significant difference was observed between PROX1 expression and apoptotic index or microvessel density. PROX1 expression was significantly associated with age, cell differentiation, lymph node metastasis, cancer stage, and poor survival. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PROX1 mediates the progression of gastric cancer by inducing tumor cell proliferation and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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77
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Zhang J, Li Y, Wang J, Qi S, Song X, Tao C, Le Y, Wen N, Chen J. Dual redox-responsive PEG–PPS–cRGD self-crosslinked nanocapsules for targeted chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional branched copolymer, PEG–PPS–cRGD, was designed for developing dual redox-responsive self-crosslinked nanocapsules for targeted chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of the Prosthodontics
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Shengpei Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Tao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Le
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of the Prosthodontics
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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78
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Joglekar MV, Trivedi PM, Kay TW, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Jenkins AJ, Hardikar AA, Thomas HE. Human islet cells are killed by BID-independent mechanisms in response to FAS ligand. Apoptosis 2016; 21:379-89. [PMID: 26758067 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cell death via FAS/CD95 can occur either by activation of caspases alone (extrinsic) or by activation of mitochondrial death signalling (intrinsic) depending on the cell type. The BH3-only protein BID is activated in the BCL-2-regulated or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and acts as a switch between the extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways. We have previously demonstrated that islets from BID-deficient mice are protected from FAS ligand-mediated apoptosis in vitro. However, it is not yet known if BID plays a similar role in human beta cell death. We therefore aimed to test the role of BID in human islet cell apoptosis immediately after isolation from human cadaver donors, as well as after de-differentiation in vitro. Freshly isolated human islets or 10-12 day cultured human islet cells exhibited BID transcript knockdown after BID siRNA transfection, however they were not protected from FAS ligand-mediated cell death in vitro as determined by DNA fragmentation analysis using flow cytometry. On the other hand, the same cells transfected with siRNA for FAS-associated via death domain (FADD), a molecule in the extrinsic cell death pathway upstream of BID, showed significant reduction in cell death. De-differentiated islets (human islet-derived progenitor cells) also demonstrated similar results with no difference in cell death after BID knockdown as compared to scramble siRNA transfections. Our results indicate that BID-independent pathways are responsible for FAS-dependent human islet cell death. These results are different from those observed in mouse islets and therefore demonstrate potentially alternate pathways of FAS ligand-induced cell death in human and mouse islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Prerak M Trivedi
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- The Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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79
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Khongwichit S, Wikan N, Abere B, Thepparit C, Kuadkitkan A, Ubol S, Smith DR. Cell-type specific variation in the induction of ER stress and downstream events in chikungunya virus infection. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:104-118. [PMID: 27863885 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade infections with the mosquito transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have become a major worldwide concern, and considerable efforts have been made in understanding the interaction of this virus with the host cell machinery. Studies have documented the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), as well as the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in response to CHIKV infection. This study comparatively analysed these three processes in two cell lines, Hela and HepG2. Infection of Hela cells was characterized by activation of the PERK/eIF2α branch of the UPR, the induction of autophagy and early apoptosis, while infection of HepG2 cells was characterized by activation of the IRE/XBP1 branch of the UPR, limited or no activation of autophagy and comparatively later apoptosis. These results show that the specific cell context is an important mediator of the host cell response to CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Khongwichit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Bizunesh Abere
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutima Thepparit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Atichat Kuadkitkan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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80
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Zhao T, Pan H, Feng Y, Li H, Zhao Y. Petroleum ether extract of Chenopodium album L. prevents cell growth and induces apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3301-3307. [PMID: 27882153 PMCID: PMC5103781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium album L. is a common edible herb distributed in China that has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cancer treatment. However, to the best of our knowledge no previous reports have investigated its the function of its phytochemical extracts in lung cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anticancer activities of the phytochemical extracts of C. album L. on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The present findings demonstrated that the petroleum ether (PE) extract of C. album L. exhibited significant growth inhibitory effects on A549 with an IC50 value of 33.31±2.79 µg/ml. As determined by MTT and colony formation assays, its growth inhibitory effects were dose- and time-dependent. Furthermore, PE extract-treated A549 cells exhibited dose-dependent cell growth arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and cell apoptosis was induced. These results provide useful data on the anticancer activities of C. album L. in human lung cancer and demonstrated the novel possibilities of this plant in developing lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China; Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20000, P.R. China
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81
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Application of bee venom and its main constituent melittin for cancer treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1113-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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82
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Lim FT, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Association between apoptotic neural tissue and cell proliferation in the adult teleost brain. Brain Res 2016; 1650:60-72. [PMID: 27568467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to neuronal tissues in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals results in neural degeneration and sometime leads to loss of function, whereas fish retain a remarkable potential for neuro-regeneration throughout life. Thus, understanding the mechanism of neuro-regeneration in fish CNS would be useful to improve the poor neuro-regenerative capability in mammals. In the present study, we characterized a neuro-regenerative process in the brain of a cichlid, tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Morphological observations showed that the damaged brain region (habenula) successfully regrew and reinnervated axonal projections by 60 days post-damage. A fluorescent carbocyanine tracer, DiI tracing revealed a recovery of the major neuronal projection from the regenerated habenula to the interpenduncular nucleus by 60 days post-damage. TUNEL assay showed a significant increase of apoptotic cells (~234%, P<0.01) at one day post-damage, while the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive proliferative cells were significantly increased (~92%, P<0.05) at 7 days post-damage compared with sham-control fish. To demonstrate a potential role of apoptotic activity in the neuro-regeneration, effects of degenerative neural tissue on cell proliferation were examined in vivo. Implantation of detached neural but not non-neural tissues into the cranial cavity significantly (P<0.01) increased the number of BrdU-positive cells nearby the implantation regions at 3 days after the implantation. Furthermore, local injection of the protein extract and cerebrospinal fluid collected from injured fish brain significantly induced cell proliferation in the brain. These results suggest that factor(s) derived from apoptotic neural cells may play a critical role in the neuro-regeneration in teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tieng Lim
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a serious medical disorder with no current therapies directed to the molecular pathogenesis of the disorder. Inflammation, inappropriate intracellular activation of digestive enzymes, and parenchymal acinar cell death by necrosis are the critical pathophysiologic processes of acute pancreatitis. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the key molecular signals that mediate these pathobiologic processes and develop new therapeutic strategies to attenuate the appropriate signaling pathways in order to improve outcomes for this disease. A novel serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) family has emerged as key participants in signal transduction, and this family is increasingly being implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions and diseases. METHODS This review summarizes recent findings of our group and others regarding the signaling pathway and the biological roles of the PKD family in pancreatic acinar cells. In particular, we highlight our studies of the functions of PKD in several key pathobiologic processes associated with acute pancreatitis in experimental models. RESULTS Our findings reveal that PKD signaling is required for NF-κB activation/inflammation, intracellular zymogen activation, and acinar cell necrosis in rodent experimental pancreatitis. Novel small-molecule PKD inhibitors attenuate the severity of pancreatitis in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Further, this review emphasizes our latest advances in the therapeutic application of PKD inhibitors to experimental pancreatitis after the initiation of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that PKD signaling is a necessary modulator in key initiating pathobiologic processes of pancreatitis, and that it constitutes a novel therapeutic target for treatments of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yuan
- West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Bldg 258, Rm 340, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Bldg 258, Rm 340, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hong JF, Song YF, Liu Z, Zheng ZC, Chen HJ, Wang SS. Anticancer activity of taraxerol acetate in human glioblastoma cells and a mouse xenograft model via induction of autophagy and apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4541-8. [PMID: 27081915 PMCID: PMC4878554 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer and apoptotic effects of taraxerol acetate in U87 human glioblastoma cells. The effects on cell cycle phase distribution, cell cycle-associated proteins, autophagy, DNA fragmentation and cell migration were assessed. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy was utilized to determine the viability and apoptotic morphological features of the U87 cells. Flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate demonstrated the effect of taraxerol acetate on the cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis induction. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the taraxerol acetate on cell cycle-associated proteins and autophagy-linked LC3B-II proteins. The results demonstrated that taraxerol acetate induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in the U87 cells. Apoptotic induction following taraxerol acetate treatment was observed and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased from 7.3% in the control cells, to 16.1, 44.1 and 76.7% in the 10, 50 and 150 µM taraxerol acetate-treated cells, respectively. Furthermore, taraxerol acetate treatment led to sub-G1 cell cycle arrest with a corresponding decrease in the number of S-phase cells. DNA fragments were observed as a result of the gel electrophoresis experiment following taraxerol acetate treatment. To investigate the inhibitory effects of taraxerol acetate on the migration of U87 cell, a wound healing assay was conducted. The number of cells that migrated to the scratched area decreased significantly following treatment with taraxerol acetate. In addition, taraxerol acetate inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Administration of 0.25 and 0.75 µg/g taraxerol acetate reduced the tumor weight from 1.2 g in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated group (control) to 0.81 and 0.42 g, respectively. Similarly, 0.25 and 0.75 µg/g taraxerol acetate injection reduced the tumor volume from 1.3 cm3 in the PBS-treated group (control) to 0.67 and 0.25 cm3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Sen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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85
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Kim N, Cho SB, Park YL, Park SY, Myung E, Kim SH, Yu HM, Son YA, Myung DS, Lee WS, Joo YE. Effect of Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3331-40. [PMID: 27035413 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) expression is known to induce oncogenic properties including tumor cell growth, survival, motility, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. In the present study, we evaluated whether RON affects chemosensitivity and oncogenic behavior of colorectal cancer cells and investigated its prognostic value in colorectal cancer. To evaluate the impact of RON on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior, we treated colorectal cancer cells with small interfering RNAs specific to RON. This was followed by flow cytometric analyses and migration, Matrigel invasion and endothelial tube formation assays. The expression of RON was investigated by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining for CD34 and D2-40 were deployed to determine apoptosis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RON knockdown enhanced 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced apoptosis by upregulating the activities of caspases and expression of proapoptotic genes. Moreover, it enhanced 5-FU-induced cell cycle arrest by decreasing the expression of cyclins and cyclin‑dependent kinases and inducing that of p21. Furthermore, RON knockdown augmented the 5-FU-induced inhibition of invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. The β-catenin signaling cascade was blocked by RON knockdown upon 5-FU treatment. RON knockdown also decreased endothelial tube formation and expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α and increased angiostatin expression. Furthermore, it inhibited lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation and the expression of VEGF-C and COX-2. RON expression was observed to be associated with age, tumor size, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, and poor survival rate. The mean microvessel density value of RON-positive tumors was significantly higher than that of RON-negative ones. These results indicate that RON is associated with tumor progression by inhibiting chemosensitivity and enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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86
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Zhao T, Feng Y, Jin W, Pan H, Li H, Zhao Y. A novel small molecule, Rosline, inhibits growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human lung cancer cells A549 through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:686-95. [PMID: 27006094 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical screening using synthetic small molecule libraries has provided a huge amount of novel active molecules. It generates lead compound for drug development and brings focus on molecules for mechanistic investigations on many otherwise intangible biological processes. In this study, using non-small cell lung cancer cell A549 to screen against a structurally novel and diverse synthetic small molecule library of 2,400 compounds, we identified a molecule named rosline that has strong anti-proliferation activity on A549 cells with a 50% cell growth inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 2.87 ± 0.39 µM. We showed that rosline treatment increased the number of Annexin V-positive staining cell, as well as G2/M arrest in their cell cycle progression. Further, we have demonstrated that rosline induces a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm ) and an increase of caspases 3/7 and 9 activities in A549 cells, although having no effect on the activity of caspase 8. Moreover, we found that rosline could induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the phosphorylation of signaling molecule Akt in A549 cells. Alternatively, an antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated rosline's effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential, caspases 3/7 and 9 activities, cell viabilities and the phosphorylation of Akt. Our results demonstrated that ROS played an important role in the apoptosis of A549 cells induced by rosline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Wenling Jin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Haizhou Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 20000, China
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87
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Kuybulu AE, Öktem F, Çiriş İM, Sutcu R, Örmeci AR, Çömlekçi S, Uz E. Effects of long-term pre- and post-natal exposure to 2.45 GHz wireless devices on developing male rat kidney. Ren Fail 2016; 38:571-80. [PMID: 26905323 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1148937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney tissues of male Wistar rats that pre- and postnatally exposed to wireless electromagnetic field (EMF) with an internet frequency of 2.45 GHz for a long time. METHODS The study was conducted in three groups of rats which were pre-natal, post-natal. and sham exposed groups. Oxidative stress markers and histological evaluation of kidney tissues were studied. RESULTS Renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant (TOS) levels of pre-natal group were high and total antioxidant (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were low. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in pre- and post-natal groups (p < 0.001). Tubular injury was detected in most of the specimens in post-natal groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed low-intensity staining with Bax in cortex, high-intensity staining with Bcl-2 in cortical and medullar areas of pre-natal group (p values, 0.000, 0.002, 0.000, respectively) when compared with sham group. Bcl2/Bax staining intensity ratios of medullar and cortical area was higher in pre-natal group than sham group (p = 0.018, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Based on this study, it is thought that chronic pre- and post-natal period exposure to wireless internet frequency of EMF may cause chronic kidney damages; staying away from EMF source in especially pregnancy and early childhood period may reduce negative effects of exposure on kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Esra Kuybulu
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Faruk Öktem
- b Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine , Bezmi Alem University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İbrahim Metin Çiriş
- c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Recep Sutcu
- d Department of Biochemistry , Katip Celebi Faculty of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Rıfat Örmeci
- e Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Selçuk Çömlekçi
- f Department of Electronics and Communication, Faculty of Engineering , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Efkan Uz
- g Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
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88
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Lu Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Hu R, Yang Y, Jiang H, Yan J. Neuronal apoptosis may not contribute to the long-term cognitive dysfunction induced by a brief exposure to 2% sevoflurane in developing rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:322-328. [PMID: 26898457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic commonly used in the pediatric. Recent animal studies suggest that early exposure to high concentration of sevoflurane for a long duration can induce neuroapoptosis and later cognitive dysfunction. However, the neurodevelopmental impact induced by lower concentration and shorter exposure duration of sevoflurane is unclear. To investigate whether early exposure to 2% concentration of sevoflurane for a short duration (clinically relevant usage of sevoflurane) can also induce neuroapoptosis and later cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Rat pups were subjected to control group, 2% sevoflurane for 3h and 3% sevoflurane for 6h. TUNEL assay and apoptotic enzyme cleaved caspase-3 measured by western blot were used for detection of neuronal apoptosis in frontal cortex and CA1 region of hippocampus 24 after sevoflurane treatment. Long-term cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and passive avoidance test as the rats grew up. RESULTS The apoptotic levels in frontal cortex and CA1 region were significantly increased after rats exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6h (P<0.05), but not 2% sevoflurane for 3h (P>0.05). Exposure to both 2% sevoflurane for 3h and 3% sevoflurane for 6h could cause long-term cognitive dysfunction and animals exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6h exhibited worse neurodevelopmental outcomes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It was suggested that neuronal apoptosis might not contribute to long-term cognitive dysfunction induced by 2% concentration and short exposure time of sevoflurane. Our findings also suggested that the mechanisms of sevoflurane-induced neurodevelopmental impact might be various, depending on the concentration and exposure duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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89
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Jakubowska K, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Famulski W, Cepowicz D, Jagodzińska D, Pryczynicz A. Reduced expression of caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1879-1884. [PMID: 26998093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a rare neoplasm that affects the gastrointestinal system, and is characterized by a high mortality rate. It has been demonstrated that apoptosis has a significant role in the regulation of cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically assess the expression of proteins belonging to the caspase family, namely caspase-8, pro-caspase-3 and cleaved (active) caspase-3 in pancreatic cancer. The study group consisted of 29 patients exhibiting PDAC. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods. The expression of caspase-8 in normal cells was negative in 17.2% of cases and positive in 82.8% of cases. All cases demonstrated pro-caspase-3 expression in normal pancreatic cells, compared with 93.1% of cancer cells. Staining for activated caspase-3 was positive in 27 normal tissue cases, compared with positivity in only 10 cancer cases. Caspase-8 expression positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 expression in the cytoplasm of cancer cells (P<0.002). Caspase-3 expression was identified to correlate with inflammatory peritumoral infiltration (P<0.015). No correlation was observed between caspase expression and any other clinicopathological parameters. The results of the present study demonstrated aberrant initiation of cancer cell apoptosis in PDAC via a decrease in caspase-8 expression, which may lead to disorders in the activation of effector caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakubowska
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-276, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Famulski
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-276, Poland
| | - Dariusz Cepowicz
- Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-276, Poland
| | - Dorota Jagodzińska
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-276, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-276, Poland
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90
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Ninomiya K, Maruyama H, Ogino C, Takahashi K, Shimizu N. Sonocatalytic injury of cancer cells attached on the surface of a nickel-titanium dioxide alloy plate. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 28:1-6. [PMID: 26384876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates ultrasound-induced cell injury using a nickel-titanium dioxide (Ni-TiO2) alloy plate as a sonocatalyst and a cell culture surface. Ultrasound irradiation of cell-free Ni-TiO2 alloy plates with 1 MHz ultrasound at 0.5 W/cm(2) for 30s led to an increased generation of hydroxyl (OH) radicals compared to nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) control alloy plates with and without ultrasound irradiation. When human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) cultured on the Ni-TiO2 alloy plates were irradiated with 1 MHz ultrasound at 0.5 W/cm(2) for 30s and then incubated for 48 h, cell density on the alloy plate was reduced to approximately 50% of the controls on the Ni-Ti alloy plates with and without ultrasound irradiation. These results indicate the injury of MCF-7 cells following sonocatalytic OH radical generation by Ni-TiO2. Further experiments demonstrated cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation after ultrasound irradiation of MCF-7 cells attached on the Ni-TiO2 alloy plates, indicating induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ninomiya
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Maruyama
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Shimizu
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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91
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Pereira UA, Moreira TA, Barbosa LCA, Maltha CRA, Bomfim IS, Maranhão SS, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Barros-Nepomuceno FWA. Rubrolide analogues and their derived lactams as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of rubrolides were synthesized and shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines and not toxic to L929 normal cells. The cytotoxicity involved the induction of cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. A. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Viçosa
- Viçosa
- Brazil
| | - T. A. Moreira
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Viçosa
- Viçosa
- Brazil
| | - L. C. A. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Viçosa
- Viçosa
- Brazil
- Department of Chemistry
| | - C. R. A. Maltha
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Viçosa
- Viçosa
- Brazil
| | - I. S. Bomfim
- Center for Research and Drug Development
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - S. S. Maranhão
- Center for Research and Drug Development
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - M. O. Moraes
- Center for Research and Drug Development
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - C. Pessoa
- Center for Research and Drug Development
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
| | - F. W. A. Barros-Nepomuceno
- Institute of Health Sciences
- University of International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony
- Acarape
- Brazil
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92
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Fan Y, Weng Z, Gao H, Hu J, Wang H, Li L, Liu H. Isoalantolactone Enhances the Radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A Cells via Specific Inhibition of Erk1/2 Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145790. [PMID: 26716456 PMCID: PMC4696678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although radiotherapy is one of the mainstream approaches for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), this cancer is always associated with resistance to radiation. In this study, the mechanism of action of isoalantolactone as well as its radiosensitizing effect was investigated in UMSCC-10A cells. METHODS The radiosensitization of UMSCC-10A cells treated with isoalantolactone was analyzed by colony formation assay. The radiosensitization effects of isoalantolactone on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were examined by BrdU incorporation assay, DNA content assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed to determine the effects of isoalantolactone combined with radiation on the protein expression of Mek, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) as well as phosphorylated Mek and Erk1/2. Erk1/2 knockdown by siRNA was used to confirm that isoalantolactone specifically inhibited the activation of Erk1/2 signaling pathway in UMSCC-10A cells. RESULTS Isoalantolactone enhanced the radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A cells; the sensitivity enhanced ratios (SERs) were 1.44 and 1.63, respectively, for 2.5 and 5 μM. Moreover, isoalantolactone enhanced radiation-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase. Furthermore, no marked changes were observed in the expression of total Erk1/2 and Mek protein after radiation treatment. However, isoalantolactone was significantly reduced radiation-induced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, whereas it altered the phosphorylation of Mek to a lesser extent. In addition, the radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A cells with Erk1/2 knockdown was increased. Isoalantolactone cannot further prevent the proliferation of UMSCC-10A cells with Erk1/2 knockdown which other mechanism regulated cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that isoalantolactone enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrested and reduced the cell proliferation of UMSCC-10A cells via specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Thus a low concentration of isoalantolactone may be used to overcome the resistance of UMSCC-10A cells to radiation and may be a promising radiosensitizer in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyong Weng
- Department of Cell Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongguo Gao
- Department of clinical laboratory, Daqing oilfield general hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiehua Hu
- Information Center, Logistics college, Naval University of Engineering, Tanggu, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Daqing oilfield general hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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93
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Yang IH, Shin JA, Kim LH, Kwon KH, Cho SD. The caspase 3-dependent apoptotic effect of pycnogenol in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 58:40-7. [PMID: 26798196 PMCID: PMC4705010 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the apoptotic effect of pycnogenol and its molecular mechanism in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells were investigated. Pycnogenol significantly inhibited the viability of HSC-3 cells and suppressed neoplastic cell transformation in HSC-3 cells and TPA-treated JB6 cells. It caused caspase-dependent apoptosis evidenced by the increase in cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Pycnogenol increased Bak protein by enhancing its protein stability whereas other Bcl-2 family members were not altered. In addition, the treatment with pycnogenol led to the production of reactive oxygen species and N-acetyl-l-cysteine almost blocked pycnogenol-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Taken together, these findings suggest that pycnogenol may be a potential candidate for the chemoprevention or chemotherapy of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Lee-Han Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health, Welfare and Education, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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94
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Prinholato da Silva C, Costa TR, Paiva RMA, Cintra ACO, Menaldo DL, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV. Antitumor potential of the myotoxin BthTX-I from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: evaluation of cell cycle alterations and death mechanisms induced in tumor cell lines. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:44. [PMID: 26539212 PMCID: PMC4632473 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are abundant components of snake venoms that have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological and pathophysiological effects on living organisms. This study aimed to assess the antitumor potential of BthTX-I, a basic myotoxic PLA2 isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, by evaluating in vitro processes of cytotoxicity, modulation of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in human (HL-60 and HepG2) and murine (PC-12 and B16F10) tumor cell lines. Methods The cytotoxic effects of BthTX-I were evaluated on the tumor cell lines HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), PC-12 (murine pheochromocytoma) and B16F10 (murine melanoma) using the MTT method. Flow cytometry technique was used for the analysis of cell cycle alterations and death mechanisms (apoptosis and/or necrosis) induced in tumor cells after treatment with BthTX-I. Results It was observed that BthTX-I was cytotoxic to all evaluated tumor cell lines, reducing their viability in 40 to 50 %. The myotoxin showed modulating effects on the cell cycle of PC-12 and B16F10 cells, promoting delay in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis indicated cell death mainly by apoptosis. B16F10 was more susceptible to the effects of BthTX-I, with ~40 % of the cells analyzed in apoptosis, followed by HepG2 (~35 %), PC-12 (~25 %) and HL-60 (~4 %). Conclusions These results suggest that BthTX-I presents antitumor properties that may be useful for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Prinholato da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Tássia R Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Raquel M Alves Paiva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Danilo L Menaldo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Lusânia M Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
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95
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Vodyanoy V, Pustovyy O, Globa L, Sorokulova I. Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:361974. [PMID: 26379743 PMCID: PMC4562093 DOI: 10.1155/2015/361974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the 1960s Bong Han Kim discovered and characterized a new vascular system. He was able to differentiate it clearly from vascular blood and lymph systems by the use of a variety of methods, which were available to him in the mid-20th century. He gave detailed characterization of the system and created comprehensive diagrams and photographs in his publications. He demonstrated that this system is composed of nodes and vessels, and it was responsible for tissue regeneration. However, he did not disclose in detail his methods. Consequently, his results are relatively obscure from the vantage point of contemporary scientists. The stains that Kim used had been perfected and had been in use for more than 100 years. Therefore, the names of the stains were directed to the explicit protocols for the usage with the particular cells or molecules. Traditionally, it was not normally necessary to describe the method used unless it is significantly deviated from the original method. In this present work, we have been able to disclose staining methods used by Kim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Vodyanoy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Oleg Pustovyy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ludmila Globa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Iryna Sorokulova
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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96
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Choe JY, Park KY, Kim SK. Oxidative stress by monosodium urate crystals promotes renal cell apoptosis through mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway in human embryonic kidney 293 cells: mechanism for urate-induced nephropathy. Apoptosis 2015; 20:38-49. [PMID: 25398539 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of oxidative stress on monosodium urate (MSU)-mediated apoptosis of renal cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting for Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6), and mitogen-activated protein kinases were performed on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, which were stimulated by MSU crystals. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed using annexin V for assessment of apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. IL-1β siRNA was used for blocking IL-1β expression. MSU crystals promoted ROS, iNOS, and COX-2 expression and also increased TRAF-6 and IL-1β expression in HEK293 cells, which was inhibited by an antioxidant ascorbic acid. Caspase-dependent renal cell apoptosis was induced through attenuation of Bcl-2 and enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression by MSU crystals, which was significantly reversed by ascorbic acid and transfection of IL-1β siRNA to HEK293 cells. Ascorbic acid inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Jun N-terminal protein kinase stimulated by MSU crystals. ROS accumulation and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression by MSU crystals was also suppressed by transfection with IL-1β siRNA. Oxidative stress generated by MSU crystals promotes renal apoptosis through the mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
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97
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Ma J, Wang T, Guo R, Yang X, Yin J, Yu J, Xiang Q, Pan X, Zu X, Peng C, Tang H, Lei X. MicroRNA‑133a and microRNA‑326 co‑contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma 5‑fluorouracil and cisplatin sensitivity by directly targeting B‑cell lymphoma‑extra large. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6235-40. [PMID: 26239225 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which effectively improves outcome and reduces tumor recurrence. However, the drug resistance mechanisms involved in chemotherapy, which is the predominant challenge in HCC treatment, remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies or drugs. MicroRNAs (miRs) have become an area of interest, and in the present study, the effects of miR‑133a and miR‑326 on HepG2 cells, and their function on B‑cell lymphoma‑extra large (Bcl‑xl) in HepG2 cells were investigated. Using computational programs, Bcl‑xl was predicted as the common target gene of miR‑133a and miR‑326. A dual‑luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target genes of miRs. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl‑xl were observed to be downregulated following transfection with miR‑133a or miR‑326 mimics. Combining miR‑133a or miR‑326 with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) or cisplatin (DDP) resulted in increased cell death. The results of the present study indicated that miR‑133a, miR‑326 and Bcl‑xl acted protectively against the apoptosis, induced by 5‑FU or DDP, in HepG2 cells. This suggested the potential use of miRs either as ancillary anti‑cancer drugs or as anti‑cancer drugs themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Pan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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98
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Yar Saglam AS, Alp E, Elmazoglu Z, Menevse S. Treatment with cucurbitacin B alone and in combination with gefitinib induces cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis via EGFR and JAK/STAT pathway in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:526-43. [PMID: 26183715 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115595686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associated with signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), plays an important role in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Gefitinib (Gef) is an orally active inhibitor targeting the adenosine tri phosphate-binding domain of EGFR, and cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a selective inhibitor of JAK/STAT signaling with potent antitumor activity via suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. We aimed to investigate the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of CuB as a single agent and in combination with Gef on both HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were evaluated using viability assay, fluorescent microscopy, cytotoxicity assay, proliferation, DNA fragmentation, and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the expression of relevant genes and proteins including antiapoptotic, proapoptotic, and cell cycle regulation. EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), STAT3, and pSTAT3 proteins were evalutaed with Western blot analysis. Our results showed that, compared to CuB alone, CuB plus Gef treatment caused a significant growth and cell cycle inhibition and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Also CuB plus Gef treatment decreased DNA synthesis rate more effectively than CuB alone. Treatment with CuB alone and in combination with Gef decreased the expression levels of B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1), cyclin D1, pSTAT3, and pEGFR and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2-like protein 4, Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2-like protein 11, and p27kip1 levels. Our results suggest that treatment with CuB alone and more likely in combination with Gef may be a considerable alternative therapeutic approach for CRC, at least in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Yar Saglam
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Alp
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Z Elmazoglu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Menevse
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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99
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Mfouo-Tynga I, Abrahamse H. Cell death pathways and phthalocyanine as an efficient agent for photodynamic cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10228-41. [PMID: 25955645 PMCID: PMC4463643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of cell death can be predetermined (programmed) or not and categorized into apoptotic, autophagic and necrotic pathways. The process of Hayflick limits completes the execution of death-related mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with oxidative stress and subsequent cytodamage by oxidizing and degrading cell components. ROS are also involved in immune responses, where they stabilize and activate both hypoxia-inducible factors and phagocytic effectors. ROS production and presence enhance cytodamage and photodynamic-induced cell death. Photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) uses non-toxic chemotherapeutic agents, photosensitizer (PS), to initiate a light-dependent and ROS-related cell death. Phthalocyanines (PCs) are third generation and stable PSs with improved photochemical abilities. They are effective inducers of cell death in various neoplastic models. The metallated PCs localize in critical cellular organelles and are better inducers of cell death than other previous generation PSs as they favor mainly apoptotic cell death events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mfouo-Tynga
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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100
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Dai B, Wang W, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang Y. Novel taspine derivative 12k inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in lung cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:227-33. [PMID: 25776505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taspine is an active compound in anticancer agent development. 12k was synthesized with taspine as lead compound bearing biphenyl scaffold and showed potent anticancer activity. Here, we investigated the effect of taspine derivative 12k on A549 lung cells. We showed that 12k not only decreased significantly A549 cell viability, A549 cell colony formation but also impaired A549 cell migration. Moreover, 12k treatment blocked cell cycle progression by increasing cell number in S phase to 42.80% for 6 μmol/L vs. 28.86% for control while decreasing cell number in G1 phase. Accordingly, this was associated with an increase protein expression of cyclin E and a decrease protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin B1 and its associated CDK1 (cdc2). Meanwhile, we found that 12k induced A549 cell apoptosis, which was closely associated with the effect of the Bcl-2 family. Increase of Bad, Bak and Bax expression levels, decrease of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression levels were observed. SiRNA knockdown of c-myc in A549 cells significantly attenuated tumor inhibition effects of 12k. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 12k has an inhibitory effect on growth of A549 cell by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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