51
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Gorman J, Auras F, Sung J, Friend R, Kukura P, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy of Singlet Exciton Motion in Side-Chain Engineered Perylene-Diimide Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2721-2730. [PMID: 32130861 PMCID: PMC7132576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy applied to four different organic semiconductor thin films based on perylene-diimide (PDI). By achieving a temporal resolution of 12 fs with simultaneous sub-10 nm spatial precision, we directly probe the underlying exciton transport characteristics within 3 ps after photoexcitation free of model assumptions. Our study reveals sub-picosecond coherent exciton transport (12-45 cm2 s-1) followed by a diffusive phase of exciton transport (3-17 cm2 s-1). A comparison between the different films suggests that the exciton transport in the studied materials is intricately linked to their nanoscale morphology, with PDI films that form large crystalline domains exhibiting the largest diffusion coefficients and transport lengths. Our study demonstrates the advantages of directly studying ultrafast transport properties at the nanometer length scale and highlights the need to examine nanoscale morphology when investigating exciton transport in organic as well as inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford
University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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52
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Rehman KU, Das S, Chen YF, Kao FJ. High temporal resolution and polarization resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements through stimulated emission. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:024008. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab7c36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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53
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Das S, Rehman KU, Zhuo GY, Kao FJ. Spontaneous loss versus stimulation gain in pump-probe microscopy: a proof of concept demonstration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-11. [PMID: 32170858 PMCID: PMC7068216 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The large background, narrow dynamic range, and detector saturation have been the common limiting factors in stimulated emission (SE)-based pump-probe microscopy, attributed to the very small signal overriding the very intense laser probe beam. To better differentiate the signal of interest from the background, lock-in detection is used to measure the fluorescence quenching, which is termed spontaneous loss (SL). The advantages are manifold. The spontaneous fluorescence signal can be well separated from both the pump and the probe beams with filters, thus eliminating the background, enlarging the dynamic range, and avoiding the saturation of the detector. AIM We propose and demonstrate an integrated pump-probe microscopy technique based on lock-in detection for background removal and dynamic range enhancement through SL detection. APPROACH The experimental setup is configured with a pulsed diode laser at a wavelength λpu = 635 nm, acting as a pump (excitation) and a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at a central wavelength λpr = 780 nm, serving as the probe beam (stimulation). Both pulse trains are temporally synchronized through high precision delay control by adjusting the length of the triggering cables. The pump and probe beams are alternatively modulated at different frequencies f1 and f2 to extract the stimulated gain (SG) and SL signal. RESULTS SG signal shows saturation due to the irradiation of the intense probe beam onto the photodetector. However, the detector saturation does not occur at high probe beam power for SL detection. The fluorescence lifetime images are acquired with reduced background. The theoretical signal-to-noise ratios for SG and SL are also estimated by photon statistics. CONCLUSION We have confirmed that the detection of SL allows the elimination of the large background without photodetector saturation, which commonly exists in SG configuration. This modality would allow unprecedented manipulation and investigation of fluorophores in fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Das
- National Yang-Ming University, Institute of Biophotonics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- National Yang-Ming University, Institute of Biophotonics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- China Medical University, Institute of New Drug Development, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University Hospital, Integrative Stem Cell Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- National Yang-Ming University, Institute of Biophotonics, Taipei, Taiwan
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54
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Gomez MJ, Liu K, Lee JG, Wilson RB. High sensitivity pump-probe measurements of magnetic, thermal, and acoustic phenomena with a spectrally tunable oscillator. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:023905. [PMID: 32113424 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe an optical pump/probe system for sensitive measurements of time-resolved optical measurements of material dynamics. The instrument design is optimized for time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) measurements of dynamics in magnetic materials. The system also allows for time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements of thermal transport properties and picosecond acoustic measurements of film thickness and/or elastic constants. The system has several advantages over the conventional designs for TR-MOKE and/or TDTR systems. Measurements of pump-induced changes to the probe beam intensity are shot-noise limited. The system's design allows for MOKE and/or thermoreflectance measurements of both sides of a sample. Pumping and probing the sample on opposite sides allows nanoscale flash diffusivity measurements of transport properties. The wavelengths of the pump and probe beams are straightforward to tune between 350-525 nm and 690-1050 nm. A tunable wavelength allows for optical resonances in a wide array of materials to be excited and/or probed. Finally, the setup is calibrated to allow for the real and imaginary components of Kerr signals to be separately quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gomez
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Kexin Liu
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan G Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Richard B Wilson
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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55
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Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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56
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Chen AJ, Huang KC, Bopp S, Summers R, Dong P, Huang Y, Zong C, Wirth D, Cheng JX. Quantitative imaging of intraerythrocytic hemozoin by transient absorption microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-11. [PMID: 31849205 PMCID: PMC6916744 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemozoin, the heme detoxification end product in malaria parasites during their growth in the red blood cells (RBCs), serves as an important marker for diagnosis and treatment target of malaria disease. However, the current method for hemozoin-targeted drug screening mainly relies on in vitro β-hematin inhibition assays, which may lead to false-positive events due to under-representation of the real hemozoin crystal. Quantitative in situ imaging of hemozoin is highly desired for high-throughput screening of antimalarial drugs and for elucidating the mechanisms of antimalarial drugs. We present transient absorption (TA) imaging as a high-speed single-cell analysis platform with chemical selectivity to hemozoin. We first demonstrated that TA microscopy is able to identify β-hematin, the artificial form of hemozoin, from the RBCs. We further utilized time-resolved TA imaging to in situ discern hemozoin from malaria-infected RBCs with optimized imaging conditions. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the hemozoin amount in RBCs at different infection stages by single-shot TA imaging. These results highlight the potential of TA imaging for efficient antimalarial drug screening and drug mechanism investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Chen
- Purdue University, Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Kai-Chih Huang
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Selina Bopp
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert Summers
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Puting Dong
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yimin Huang
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cheng Zong
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dyann Wirth
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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57
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Jones AC, Kearns NM, Bohlmann Kunz M, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Multidimensional Spectroscopy on the Microscale: Development of a Multimodal Imaging System Incorporating 2D White-Light Spectroscopy, Broadband Transient Absorption, and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10824-10836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T. Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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58
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Schnedermann C, Sung J, Pandya R, Verma SD, Chen RYS, Gauriot N, Bretscher HM, Kukura P, Rao A. Ultrafast Tracking of Exciton and Charge Carrier Transport in Optoelectronic Materials on the Nanometer Scale. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6727-6733. [PMID: 31592672 PMCID: PMC6844127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optical transient absorption and reflection microscope based on a diffraction-limited pump pulse in combination with a wide-field probe pulse, for the spatiotemporal investigation of ultrafast population transport in thin films. The microscope achieves a temporal resolution down to 12 fs and simultaneously provides sub-10 nm spatial accuracy. We demonstrate the capabilities of the microscope by revealing an ultrafast excited-state exciton population transport of up to 32 nm in a thin film of pentacene and by tracking the carrier motion in p-doped silicon. The use of few-cycle optical excitation pulses enables impulsive stimulated Raman microspectroscopy, which is used for in situ verification of the chemical identity in the 100-2000 cm-1 spectral window. Our methodology bridges the gap between optical microscopy and spectroscopy, allowing for the study of ultrafast transport properties down to the nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail: (C.S.)
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sachin Dev Verma
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hope M. Bretscher
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail: (A.R.)
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59
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Grumstrup EM. Spatiotemporal coupling of excited state dynamics in time-resolved microscopies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31385-31393. [PMID: 31684373 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the high-density excitation limit, as is often probed with ultrafast spectroscopies, spatial and temporal evolution of photogenerated excited states are strongly coupled, giving rise to artifacts that influence experimentally-determined material parameters. The interplay between spatial and temporal degrees of freedom is especially pronounced in pump-probe microscopy, where small laser spot sizes amplify the effects of spatiotemporal coupling on spectroscopic observables. To quantitatively model these effects, a continuum model is developed that accounts for laser spot size as well as nonlinear excited state decay and diffusion. It is shown that effective excitation densities cannot be used to determine quantitatively correct rate constants. Significant error is introduced unless experimental data is fit with a numerical model that accounts for spatial anisotropy in the excitation density. Furthermore, the quantitative determination of material diffusion coefficients is shown to be highly sensitive to experimental parameters.
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60
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Zeng J, Li B, Hao Q, Yan M, Huang K, Zeng H. Passively synchronized dual-color mode-locked fiber lasers based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5061-5064. [PMID: 31613264 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed and implemented a scheme for passive all-optical synchronization between erbium and ytterbium mode-locked fiber lasers. The passive locking of repetition rates for the dual-color pulses was realized by cross-phase modulation within phase-biased nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors. In contrast to previous demonstrations, the synchronization system was configured in an all-polarization-maintaining structure, thus gaining substantially improved stability and robustness. Consequently, the maximum tolerance of a cavity-length mismatch of 16.2 mm was achieved unprecedentedly, which was at least one order of magnitude longer than previously reported results for comparable temporal durations of involved pulses. The corresponding relative timing jitter was measured to be 31 fs within a 1 MHz bandwidth. Such a tight and robust synchronization fiber laser system offers great potential for various applications such as pump-probe microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and nonlinear frequency generation.
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61
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Devkota T, Yu K, Hartland GV. Mass loading effects in the acoustic vibrations of gold nanoplates. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16208-16213. [PMID: 31453600 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The breathing modes of single suspended gold nanoplates have been examined by transient absorption microscopy. These vibrational modes show very high quality factors which means that their frequencies can be accurately measured. Measurements performed before and after removing the organic layer that coats the as synthesized nanoplates show significant increases in frequency, which are consistent with removal of a few nm of organic material from the nanoplate surface. Experiments were also performed after depositing polymer beads on the sample. These measurements show a decrease in frequency in the region of the beads. This implies that adding a localized mass to the nanoplate hybridizes the vibrational normal modes, creating a new breathing mode which has a maximum amplitude at the bead. The nanoplate resonators have a mass sensing detection limit of ca. 10 attograms, which is comparable to the best results that have been achieved with plasmonic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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62
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Hu C, Du Z, Chen M, Yang S, Chen H. Single-shot ultrafast phase retrieval photography. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4419-4422. [PMID: 31465417 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot ultrafast photography is a powerful tool for science research and industry applications. In this Letter, a novel strategy for ultrafast imaging of two-dimensional complex (amplitude and phase) objects, which is termed single-shot ultrafast phase retrieval photography (SUP), is proposed and demonstrated. The key component of SUP is a silicon photonic integrated chip, which not only has the function of multi-angle illumination, but also provides ultra-short delays for each illumination source. Combined with an ultra-short pulse source and coherent diffraction imaging, SUP can realize ultrafast single-shot imaging. As a proof of concept, the self-developed multiplexed time delay illumination chip was used for experiments, and we demonstrated the reconstructing of a static complex-valued object with a frame sequence depth of 16 frames from single-shot ptychographic data.
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63
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Wen C, Feng F, Ren M, Somekh MG, Zhao N, Chen SC. Spatially resolved random-access pump-probe microscopy based on binary holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4083-4086. [PMID: 31415552 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a spatially resolved pump-probe microscope based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). The microscope system enables the measurements of ultrafast transient processes at arbitrarily selected regions in a 3-D specimen. To achieve random-access scanning, the wavefront of the probe beam is modulated by the DMD via binary holography. By switching the holograms stored in the DMD memory, the laser focus can be rapidly moved in space in a discrete fashion. The microscope system has a field of view of 65×130×155 μm3 in the x, y, and z axes, respectively; and a scanning speed of 8 kHz which is limited by the response time of the lock-in amplifier. To demonstrate the pump-probe system, we measured the ultrafast transient reflectivity of 2-D gold patterns on a silicon substrate and on silicon nitride cantilever beams. The results show an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and spatial-temporal resolution, as well as the 3-D random scanning capability. The new pump-probe microscope is a versatile instrument to characterize ultrafast 3-D phenomena with high spatial and temporal resolution, e.g., the propagation of localized surface plasmon resonance on curved surfaces.
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64
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Piland G, Grumstrup EM. High-Repetition Rate Broadband Pump–Probe Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8709-8716. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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65
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Zhu T, Snaider JM, Yuan L, Huang L. Ultrafast Dynamic Microscopy of Carrier and Exciton Transport. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:219-244. [PMID: 30883273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the recent progress in ultrafast dynamic microscopy that combines ultrafast optical spectroscopy with microscopy approaches, focusing on the application transient absorption microscopy (TAM) to directly image energy and charge transport in solar energy harvesting and conversion systems. We discuss the principles, instrumentation, and resolutions of TAM. The simultaneous spatial, temporal, and excited-state-specific resolutions of TAM unraveled exciton and charge transport mechanisms that were previously obscured in conventional ultrafast spectroscopy measurements for systems such as organic solar cells, hybrid perovskite thin films, and molecular aggregates. We also discuss future directions to improve resolutions and to develop other ultrafast imaging contrasts beyond transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Laser/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jordan M. Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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66
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Robles FE, Deb S, Vajzovic L, Vora GK, Mruthyunjaya P, Warren WS. Analysis of Melanin Structure and Biochemical Composition in Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions Using Pump-Probe Microscopy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:33. [PMID: 31183249 PMCID: PMC6549561 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We analyze melanin structure and biochemical composition in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy to assess the potential for this method to assist in melanoma diagnosis. Methods Pump-probe microscopy interrogates transient excited-state photodynamic properties of absorbing molecules, which yields highly specific molecular information with subcellular spatial resolution. This method is applied to analyze melanin in 39 unstained, thin biopsy specimens of melanocytic conjunctival lesions. Quantitative features of the biochemical composition and structure of melanin in histopathologic specimens are assessed using a geometric representation of principal component analysis (PCA) and principles of mathematical morphology. Diagnostic power is determined using a feature selection algorithm combined with cross validation. Results Conjunctival melanomas show higher biochemical heterogeneity and different overall biochemical composition than primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva (PAM) without severe atypia. The molecular signatures of PAMs with severe atypia more closely resemble melanomas than other types of PAMs. Pigment organization in the tissue becomes more disorganized as diagnosis of the lesions worsen, but nevi are more inconsistent biochemically and structurally than other lesions. Relatively high sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) is achieved for differentiating between various melanocytic lesions, particularly PAMs without severe atypia and melanomas (SE = 89%; SP = 87%). Conclusions Pump-probe microscopy is a powerful tool that can identify quantitative, phenotypic differences between various types of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Translational Relevance This study further validates the use of pump-probe microscopy as a potential diagnostic aid for histopathologic evaluation of conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lejla Vajzovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gargi K Vora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke University, Departments of Physics, Durham, NC, USA
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67
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Yu J, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Visualization of vermilion degradation using pump-probe microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3136. [PMID: 31245540 PMCID: PMC6588381 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the use of pump-probe microscopy for high-resolution studies of vermilion degradation. Vermilion (mostly α-HgS), an important red pigment used in historical paintings, blackens over time, and metallic Hg and β-HgS have been implicated as possible degradation products. Conventional analysis techniques have trouble differentiating α- and β-HgS with sufficiently high spatial resolution. However, pump-probe microscopy can differentiate metallic mercury, α- and β-HgS, and map each distribution on the microscopic scale. We studied artificial degradation of α-HgS; femtosecond-pulsed laser irradiation induces an irreversible phase shift of α- to β-HgS, in which the initial presence of β-HgS grains can increase the rate of conversion in their vicinity. Continuous ultraviolet exposure instead generates both liquid Hg and β-HgS, with a conversion rate that increases with elevated temperatures. Last, we reveal the presence of β-HgS as a natural degradation product in discolored vermilion layers in a 14th century Italian painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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68
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Dong PT, Lin H, Huang KC, Cheng JX. Label-free quantitation of glycated hemoglobin in single red blood cells by transient absorption microscopy and phasor analysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav0561. [PMID: 31093524 PMCID: PMC6510558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a stable and accurate biomarker, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is clinically used to diagnose diabetes with a threshold of 6.5% among total hemoglobin (Hb). Current methods such as boronate affinity chromatography involve complex processing of large-volume blood samples. Moreover, these methods cannot measure HbA1c fraction at single-red blood cell (RBC) level, thus unable to separate the contribution from other factors such as RBC lifetime. Here, we demonstrate a spectroscopic transient absorption imaging approach that is able to differentiate HbA1c from Hb on the basis of their distinct excited-state dynamics. HbA1c fraction inside a single RBC is derived quantitatively through phasor analysis. HbA1c fraction distribution of diabetic blood is apparently different from that of healthy blood. A mathematical model is developed to derive the long-term blood glucose concentration. Our technology provides a unique way to study heme modification and to derive clinically important information void of bloodstream glucose fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Ting Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kai-Chih Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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69
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Liu L, Viel A, Le Saux G, Plawinski L, Muggiolu G, Barberet P, Pereira M, Ayela C, Seznec H, Durrieu MC, Olive JM, Audoin B. Remote imaging of single cell 3D morphology with ultrafast coherent phonons and their resonance harmonics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6409. [PMID: 31015541 PMCID: PMC6478725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell morphological analysis has long been used in cell biology and physiology for abnormality identification, early cancer detection, and dynamic change analysis under specific environmental stresses. This work reports on the remote mapping of cell 3D morphology with an in-plane resolution limited by optics and an out-of-plane accuracy down to a tenth of the optical wavelength. For this, GHz coherent acoustic phonons and their resonance harmonics were tracked by means of an ultrafast opto-acoustic technique. After illustrating the measurement accuracy with cell-mimetic polymer films we map the 3D morphology of an entire osteosarcoma cell. The resulting image complies with the image obtained by standard atomic force microscopy, and both reveal very close roughness mean values. In addition, while scanning macrophages and monocytes, we demonstrate an enhanced contrast of thickness mapping by taking advantage of the detection of high-frequency resonance harmonics. Illustrations are given with the remote quantitative imaging of the nucleus thickness gradient of migrating monocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Giovanna Muggiolu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Marco Pereira
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, IMS, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Cédric Ayela
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, IMS, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Hervé Seznec
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Olive
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France.
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70
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Denk O, Zheng K, Zigmantas D, Žídek K. Compressive imaging of transient absorption dynamics on the femtosecond timescale. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:10234-10246. [PMID: 31045167 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond spectroscopy is an important tool used for tracking rapid photoinduced processes in a variety of materials. To spatially map the processes in a sample would substantially expand the method's capabilities. This is, however, difficult to achieve, due to the necessity of using low-noise detection and maintaining feasible data acquisition time. Here, we demonstrate realization of an imaging pump-probe setup, featuring sub-100 fs temporal resolution, by using a straightforward modification of a standard pump-probe technique, which uses a randomly structured probe beam. The structured beam, made by a diffuser, enabled us to computationally reconstruct the maps of transient absorption dynamics based on the concept of compressed sensing. We demonstrate the setup's functionality in two proof-of-principle experiments, where we achieve spatial resolution of 20 μm. The presented concept provides a feasible route to imaging, by using the pump-probe technique and ultrafast spectroscopy in general.
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71
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Kearns NM, Jones AC, Kunz MB, Allen RT, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy Using Supercontinuum from an All-Normal Dispersion Photonic Crystal Fiber Pumped by a 70 MHz Yb Fiber Oscillator. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3046-3055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ryan T. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T. Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Ma D, Zhao J, Wang R, Xing C, Li Z, Huang W, Jiang X, Guo Z, Luo Z, Li Y, Li J, Luo S, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Ultrathin GeSe Nanosheets: From Systematic Synthesis to Studies of Carrier Dynamics and Applications for a High-Performance UV-Vis Photodetector. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4278-4287. [PMID: 30623664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the attractive energy band properties, a black phosphorus (BP)-analogue semiconductor, germanium selenide (GeSe), shows a promising potential applied for optoelectronic devices. Herein, ultrathin GeSe nanosheets were systematically prepared via a facile liquid-phase exfoliation approach, with controllable nanoscale thickness. Different from BP, ultrathin GeSe nanosheets exhibit good stability under both liquid and ambient conditions. Besides, its ultrafast carrier dynamics was probed by transient absorption spectroscopy. We showed that the GeSe nanosheet-based photodetector exhibits excellent photoresponse behaviors ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to the visible regime, with high responsivity and low dark current. Furthermore, the detective ability of such a device can be effectively modulated by varying the applied bias potential, light intensity, and concentration of the electrolyte. Generally, our present contribution could not only supply fundamental knowledge of a GeSe nanosheet-based photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type device, but also offer guidance to extend other possible semiconductor materials in the application of the PEC-type photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingtao Ma
- Faculty of Information Technology , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau SAR 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- Faculty of Information Technology , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau SAR 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Faculty of Information Technology , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau SAR 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengqian Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Li
- Faculty of Information Technology , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau SAR 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Shaojuan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
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73
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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74
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Ju KY, Fischer MC, Warren WS. Understanding the Role of Aggregation in the Broad Absorption Bands of Eumelanin. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12050-12061. [PMID: 30500158 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the relationship between the complex hierarchical assembly structure of eumelanin, its characteristic broad absorption band, and the highly unusual nonlinear dynamics revealed by pump-probe or transient absorption microscopy. Melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs), generated by spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, were created with uniform but adjustable size distributions, and kinetically controlled oxidation was probed with a wide range of characterization methods. This lets us explore the broad absorption bands of eumelanin models at different assembly levels, such as small subunit fractions (single monomeric and oligomeric units and small oligomer stacks), stacked oligomer fractions (protomolecules), and large-scale aggregates of protomolecules (parental particles). Both the absorption and pump-probe dynamics are very sensitive to these structural differences or to the size of intact particles (a surprising result for an organic polymer). We show that the geometric packing order of protomolecules in long-range aggregation is key secondary interactions to extend the absorption band of eumelanin to the low energy spectrum and produce drastic changes in the transient absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Youn Ju
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Radiology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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75
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Belianinov A, Ievlev AV, Lorenz M, Borodinov N, Doughty B, Kalinin SV, Fernández FM, Ovchinnikova OS. Correlated Materials Characterization via Multimodal Chemical and Functional Imaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11798-11818. [PMID: 30422627 PMCID: PMC9850281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal chemical imaging simultaneously offers high-resolution chemical and physical information with nanoscale and, in select cases, atomic resolution. By coupling modalities that collect physical and chemical information, we can address scientific problems in biological systems, battery and fuel cell research, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, photovoltaics, medicine, and many others. The combined systems enable the local correlation of material properties with chemical makeup, making fundamental questions of how chemistry and structure drive functionality approachable. In this Review, we present recent progress and offer a perspective for chemical imaging used to characterize a variety of samples by a number of platforms. Specifically, we present cases of infrared and Raman spectroscopies combined with scanning probe microscopy; optical microscopy and mass spectrometry; nonlinear optical microscopy; and, finally, ion, electron, and probe microscopies with mass spectrometry. We also discuss the challenges associated with the use of data originated by the combinatorial hardware, analysis, and machine learning as well as processing tools necessary for the interpretation of multidimensional data acquired from multimodal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Belianinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anton V. Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Petit Institute for Biochemistry and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Olga S. Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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76
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Kolano M, Boidol O, Molter D, Von Freymann G. Single-laser, polarization-controlled optical sampling system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:30338-30346. [PMID: 30469908 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical sampling systems traditionally require either one mode-locked laser with an external delay line or two mode-locked lasers with a controllable repetition rate difference. In this paper we present a novel polarization-multiplexed laser architecture combining the benefits of both approaches. The laser emits two mode-locked pulse trains sharing only one gain section without any external delay line. The colliding pulses in the laser have orthogonal polarization as well as opposite propagation directions to reduce coupling effects. With this, the two pulse trains can be freely phase controlled to conduct pump-probe measurements. To further analyze the timing stability of the system, we conducted a two-photon-absorption experiment, leading to a timing accuracy of 30 fs. Based on the novel laser architecture, we call this new approach single-laser polarization-controlled optical sampling, or SLAPCOPS.
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77
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Yu J, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Spectroscopic Differentiation and Microscopic Imaging of Red Organic Pigments Using Optical Pump-Probe Contrast. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12686-12691. [PMID: 30350615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of red organic pigments in artworks (and in forensics applications) is challenging, because conventional nondestructive mapping techniques provide little contrast, and most chemical analyses with high specificity require sample removal. Here we demonstrate a new optical approach, pump-probe microscopy, for the analysis of red organic pigments. We investigate Carmine naccarat, Lac dye, purpurin, alizarin, madder lake, and eosin Y and show that their intrinsic photophysical properties produce distinctive pump-probe spectra. We utilize this contrast for high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging without the need for physical sample removal. Lastly, we highlight the potential of pump-probe microscopy as an analytical tool for forensics of other types of organic colorants by investigating a series of automotive paints.
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78
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Shi L, Xiong H, Shen Y, Long R, Wei L, Min W. Electronic Resonant Stimulated Raman Scattering Micro-Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9218-9224. [PMID: 30208710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have reported electronic pre-resonance stimulated Raman scattering (epr-SRS) microscopy as a powerful technique for super-multiplex imaging ( Wei, L. ; Nature 2017 , 544 , 465 - 470 ). However, under rigorous electronic resonance, background signal, which mainly originates from pump-probe process, overwhelms the desired vibrational signature of the chromophores. Here we demonstrate electronic resonant stimulated Raman scattering (er-SRS) microspectroscopy and imaging through suppression of electronic background and subsequent retrieval of vibrational peaks. We observed a change of the vibrational band shapes from normal Lorentzian, through dispersive shapes, to inverted Lorentzian as the electronic resonance was approached, in agreement with theoretical prediction. In addition, resonant Raman cross sections have been determined after power-dependence study as well as Raman excitation profile calculation. As large as 10-23 cm2 of resonance Raman cross section is estimated in er-SRS, which is about 100 times higher than previously reported in epr-SRS. These results of er-SRS microspectroscopy pave the way for the single-molecule Raman detection and ultrasensitive biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hanqing Xiong
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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79
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Miao X, Zhang G, Wang F, Yan H, Ji M. Layer-Dependent Ultrafast Carrier and Coherent Phonon Dynamics in Black Phosphorus. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3053-3059. [PMID: 29684276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus is a layered semiconducting material, demonstrating strong layer-dependent optical and electronic properties. Probing the photophysical properties on ultrafast time scales is of central importance in understanding many-body interactions and nonequilibrium quasiparticle dynamics. Here, we applied temporally, spectrally, and spatially resolved pump-probe microscopy to study the transient optical responses of mechanically exfoliated few-layer black phosphorus, with layer numbers ranging from 2 to 9. We have observed layer-dependent resonant transient absorption spectra with both photobleaching and red-shifted photoinduced absorption features, which could be attributed to band gap renormalization of higher subband transitions. Surprisingly, coherent phonon oscillations with unprecedented intensities were observed when the probe photons were in resonance with the optical transitions, which correspond to the low-frequency layer-breathing mode. Our results reveal strong Coulomb interactions and electron-phonon couplings in photoexcited black phosphorus, providing important insights into the ultrafast optical, nanomechanical, and optoelectronic properties of this novel two-dimensional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Fanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
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80
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Steuwe C, Bové H, Clerinx J, vandeVen M, Fron E, Nawrot T, Ameloot M, Roeffaers M. Rapid and label-free optical detection of individual carbon air pollutant nanoparticulates in biomedical samples. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700233. [PMID: 29265706 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous particle exposure and air pollution in general lead to a multitude of adverse human health effects and pose multiple challenges in terms of exposure, risk and safety assessment. Highly desirable for fast screening are label-free approaches for detecting these particle types in biological or medical context. We report a powerful approach for detecting carbonaceous particles using photothermal pump-probe microscopy, which directly probes their strong light absorption. The principle and reliability of this approach is demonstrated by examining 4 different carbon black (CB) species modeling soot with diameters ranging from 13 to 500 nm. Our results show that the proposed approach is applicable to a large number of CB types as well as black carbon. As the particles show a strong absorption over a wide spectral range as compared to other absorbing species, we can image CB particles almost background free. Our pump-probe approach allows label-free optical detection and unambiguous localization of CB particles in (bio)fluids and 3D cellular environments. In combination with fluorescence microscopy, this method allows for simultaneous colocalization of CB with different cellular components using fluorophores as shown here for human lung fibroblasts. We further demonstrate the versatility of pump-probe detection in a flow cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steuwe
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan Clerinx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martin vandeVen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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81
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Higgins K, Calhoun TR. Compressed supercontinuum probe for transient absorption microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1750-1753. [PMID: 29652356 PMCID: PMC6342203 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we combine three optical advancements to transient absorption microscopy in order to access the photodynamics in systems requiring stringent spatial and temporal resolution criteria. First, a broadband visible probe is generated by a commercial photonic crystal fiber. Second, a spatial light modulator-based pulse shaper is incorporated to reduce the pulse dispersion and improve temporal resolution. Third, 1.4 numerical aperture objectives for excitation and light collection provide optimal spatial resolution. The result of these improvements is a probe beam that spans 115 nm across the visible region yet maintains a ∼100 fs instrument response at the sample position. We demonstrate the capabilities of this microscope by imaging polystyrene beads in a solution of IR-144 dye, revealing aggregated species at the bead surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville TN 37996
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82
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Liu Z, Pouli D, Alonzo CA, Varone A, Karaliota S, Quinn KP, Münger K, Karalis KP, Georgakoudi I. Mapping metabolic changes by noninvasive, multiparametric, high-resolution imaging using endogenous contrast. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9302. [PMID: 29536043 PMCID: PMC5846284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring subcellular functional and structural changes associated with metabolism is essential for understanding healthy tissue development and the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Unfortunately, established methods for this purpose either are destructive or require the use of exogenous agents. Recent work has highlighted the potential of endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) as a method to monitor subtle metabolic changes; however, mechanistic understanding of the connections between the detected optical signal and the underlying metabolic pathways has been lacking. We present a quantitative approach to detecting both functional and structural metabolic biomarkers noninvasively, relying on endogenous TPEF from two coenzymes, NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). We perform multiparametric analysis of three optical biomarkers within intact, living cells and three-dimensional tissues: cellular redox state, NADH fluorescence lifetime, and mitochondrial clustering. We monitor the biomarkers in cells and tissues subjected to metabolic perturbations that trigger changes in distinct metabolic processes, including glycolysis and glutaminolysis, extrinsic and intrinsic mitochondrial uncoupling, and fatty acid oxidation and synthesis. We demonstrate that these optical biomarkers provide complementary insights into the underlying biological mechanisms. Thus, when used in combination, these biomarkers can serve as a valuable tool for sensitive, label-free identification of changes in specific metabolic pathways and characterization of the heterogeneity of the elicited responses with single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Dimitra Pouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Carlo A. Alonzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Antonio Varone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Karl Münger
- Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Katia P. Karalis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Corresponding author.
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83
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Chen AJ, Yuan X, Li J, Dong P, Hamza I, Cheng JX. Label-Free Imaging of Heme Dynamics in Living Organisms by Transient Absorption Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3395-3401. [PMID: 29401392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heme, a hydrophobic and cytotoxic macrocycle, is an essential cofactor in a large number of proteins and is important for cell signaling. This must mean that heme is mobilized from its place of synthesis or entry into the cell to other parts of the cell where hemoproteins reside. However, the cellular dynamics of heme movement is not well understood, in large part due to the inability to image heme noninvasively in live biological systems. Here, using high-resolution transient absorption microscopy, we showed that heme storage and distribution is dynamic in Caenorhabditis elegans. Intracellular heme exists in concentrated granular puncta which localizes to lysosomal-related organelles. These granules are dynamic, and their breaking down into smaller granules provides a mechanism by which heme stores can be mobilized. Collectively, these direct and noninvasive dynamic imaging techniques provide new insights into heme storage and transport and open a new avenue for label-free investigation of heme function and regulation in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Puting Dong
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Photonics Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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84
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Hanczyc P, Mikhailovsky A, Boyer DR, Sawaya MR, Heeger A, Eisenberg D. Ultrafast Time-Resolved Studies on Fluorescein for Recognition Strands Architecture in Amyloid Fibrils. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Boyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, United States
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, United States
| | | | - David Eisenberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, United States
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85
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Oliver TAA. Recent advances in multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171425. [PMID: 29410844 PMCID: PMC5792921 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopies are one of the premier tools to investigate condensed phase dynamics of biological, chemical and functional nanomaterial systems. As they reach maturity, the variety of frequency domains that can be explored has vastly increased, with experimental techniques capable of correlating excitation and emission frequencies from the terahertz through to the ultraviolet. Some of the most recent innovations also include extreme cross-peak spectroscopies that directly correlate the dynamics of electronic and vibrational states. This review article summarizes the key technological advances that have permitted these recent advances, and the insights gained from new multidimensional spectroscopic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. A. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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86
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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87
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Wilson JW, Robles FE, Deb S, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Comparison of pump-probe and hyperspectral imaging in unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3882-3890. [PMID: 28856057 PMCID: PMC5560848 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic variations in melanin composition can be mapped through linear and nonlinear optical responses. Though instrumentation to measure linear attenuation is simple and inexpensive, the nonlinear response provides more degrees of freedom with which to spectroscopically resolve pigments. The objective of this study is to assess differences in imaging melanin contrast by comparing hyperspectral (linear) versus pump-probe (nonlinear) microscopy of unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions. The images and analysis we have presented here show that pump-probe uncovers a greater variation in pigment composition, compared with hyperspectral microscopy, and that the two methods yield complimentary biochemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Wilson
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with Colorado State University, Department of Electrical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke University, Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke University, Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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88
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Domingue SR, Bartels RA, Chicco AJ, Wilson JW. Transient absorption imaging of hemes with 2-color, independently tunable visible-wavelength ultrafast source. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2807-2821. [PMID: 28663908 PMCID: PMC5480431 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pump probe microscopy is a time-resolved multiphoton imaging technique capable of generating contrast between non-fluorescent pigments based on differences in excited-state lifetimes. Here we describe a fiber-based ultrafast system designed for imaging heme proteins with an independently-tunable pulse pair in the visible-wavelength regime. Starting with a 1060 nm fiber amplifier (1.3 W at 63 MHz, 140 fs pulses), visible pulses were produced in the vicinity of 488 nm and 532 nm by doubling the output of a short photonic crystal fiber with a pair of periodically-poled lithium niobate crystals, providing 5-20 mW power in each beam. This was sufficient for acquiring transient absorption images from unstained cryosectioned tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Domingue
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
- Current affiliation: KMLabs, Boulder, CO,
USA
| | - Randy A. Bartels
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Jesse W. Wilson
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
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89
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Sidorenko P, Lahav O, Cohen O. Ptychographic ultrahigh-speed imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10997-11008. [PMID: 28788786 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate numerically a simple method for ultrahigh-speed imaging of complex (amplitude and phase) samples. Our method exploits redundancy in single-shot ptychography (SSP) for reconstruction of multiple frames from a single camera snapshot. We term the method Time-resolved Imaging by Multiplexed Ptychography (TIMP). We demonstrate TIMP numerically-reconstructing 15 frames of a complexed-valued dynamic object from a single noisy camera snapshot. Experimentally, we demonstrate SSP with single pulse illumination with pulse duration of 150 psec, where its spectral bandwidth can support 30 fsec pulses.
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90
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Kim YH, So PT. Three-dimensional wide-field pump-probe structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:7369-7391. [PMID: 28380860 PMCID: PMC5810906 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new structured illumination scheme for achieving depth resolved wide-field pump-probe microscopy with sub-diffraction limit resolution. By acquiring coherent pump-probe images using a set of 3D structured light illumination patterns, a 3D super-resolution pump-probe image can be reconstructed. We derive the theoretical framework to describe the coherent image formation and reconstruction scheme for this structured illumination pump-probe imaging system and carry out numerical simulations to investigate its imaging performance. The results demonstrate a lateral resolution improvement by a factor of three and providing 0.5 µm level axial optical sectioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T.C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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91
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Singhal S, Dinda S, Goswami D. Measurement of pure optical nonlinearity in carbon disulfide with a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:644-648. [PMID: 28157924 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the close-aperture Z-scan technique, the pure nonlinear refractive index (n2) of carbon disulfide is measured with a 76 MHz repetition rate femtosecond laser. Strong interference of thermal effects exists with high-repetition-rate lasers that result in negative values of n2. We remove the thermal effect completely by continuously increasing the sample flow rate (F) in a sample cell as indicated by the change in sign of n2 from negative to positive. The positive value of n2 is due to Kerr-type nonlinearity. At sufficiently high values of F of >25 ml/min, all thermal effects are removed, resulting in an n2 value that matches low-repetition-rate experiments.
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92
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Palacino-González E, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Theoretical aspects of femtosecond double-pump single-molecule spectroscopy. II. Strong-field regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32307-32319. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate femtosecond double-pump single-molecule signals in the strong-field regime, which is characterized by nonlinear scaling of the signal with the intensity of the pump pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
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93
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Schnedermann C, Lim JM, Wende T, Duarte AS, Ni L, Gu Q, Sadhanala A, Rao A, Kukura P. Sub-10 fs Time-Resolved Vibronic Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4854-4859. [PMID: 27934055 PMCID: PMC5684689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce femtosecond wide-field transient absorption microscopy combining sub-10 fs pump and probe pulses covering the complete visible (500-650 nm) and near-infrared (650-950 nm) spectrum with diffraction-limited optical resolution. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by reporting the spatially- and spectrally-resolved transient electronic response of MAPbI3-xClx perovskite films and reveal significant quenching of the transient bleach signal at grain boundaries. The unprecedented temporal resolution enables us to directly observe the formation of band-gap renormalization, completed in 25 fs after photoexcitation. In addition, we acquire hyperspectral Raman maps of TIPS pentacene films with sub-400 nm spatial and sub-15 cm-1 spectral resolution covering the 100-2000 cm-1 window. Our approach opens up the possibility of studying ultrafast dynamics on nanometer length and femtosecond time scales in a variety of two-dimensional and nanoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Wende
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. Duarte
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Limeng Ni
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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94
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Thompson A, Robles FE, Wilson JW, Deb S, Calderbank R, Warren WS. Dual-wavelength pump-probe microscopy analysis of melanin composition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36871. [PMID: 27833147 PMCID: PMC5104978 DOI: 10.1038/srep36871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pump-probe microscopy is an emerging technique that provides detailed chemical information of absorbers with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. Recent work has shown that the pump-probe signals from melanin in human skin cancers correlate well with clinical concern, but it has been difficult to infer the molecular origins of these differences. Here we develop a mathematical framework to describe the pump-probe dynamics of melanin in human pigmented tissue samples, which treats the ensemble of individual chromophores that make up melanin as Gaussian absorbers with bandwidth related via Frenkel excitons. Thus, observed signals result from an interplay between the spectral bandwidths of the individual underlying chromophores and spectral proximity of the pump and probe wavelengths. The model is tested using a dual-wavelength pump-probe approach and a novel signal processing method based on gnomonic projections. Results show signals can be described by a single linear transition path with different rates of progress for different individual pump-probe wavelength pairs. Moreover, the combined dual-wavelength data shows a nonlinear transition that supports our mathematical framework and the excitonic model to describe the optical properties of melanin. The novel gnomonic projection analysis can also be an attractive generic tool for analyzing mixing paths in biomolecular and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | - Jesse W. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Robert Calderbank
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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95
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Emerging concepts in functional and molecular photoacoustic imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:25-31. [PMID: 27111279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Providing the specific imaging contrast of optical absorption and excellent spatial scalability across the optical and ultrasonic dimensions, photoacoustic imaging has been rapidly emerging and expanding in the past two decades. In this review, I focus on a few latest advances in this enabling technology that hold the potential to transform in vivo functional and molecular imaging at multiple length scales. Specifically, multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy enables simultaneous high-resolution mapping of hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation and blood flow-opening up the possibility of quantifying the metabolic rate of oxygen at the microscopic level. The pump-probe approach harnesses a variety of photoinduced transient optical absorption as novel contrast mechanisms for high-specificity molecular imaging at depth and as nonlinear excitation strategies for high-resolution volumetric microscopy beyond the conventional limit. Novel magneto-optical and photochromic probes lead to contrast-enhanced molecular photoacoustic imaging through differential detection.
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