1
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Cheng P, Jia X, Chai S, Li G, Xin M, Guan J, Han X, Han W, Zeng S, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Boosted Second Harmonic Generation of a Chiral Hybrid Lead Halide Resonant to Charge Transfer Exciton from Metal Halide Octahedra to Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400644. [PMID: 38470139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Chiral hybrid organic-inorganic metal halides (HOMHs) offer an ideal platform for the advancement of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials owing to their inherent noncentrosymmetric structures. The enhancement of optical nonlinearity of chiral HOMHs could be achieved by matching the free exciton and/or self-trapped exciton energy levels with desired NLO frequencies. However, the current scarcity of resonance modes and low resonance ratio hamper the further improvements of NLO performance. Herein, we propose a new resonant channel of charge transfer (CT) excited states from metal halide polyhedra to organic ligand to boost the second-order optical nonlinearity of chiral HOMHs. The model lead halide (C7H10N)PbBr3 (C7H10N=1-ethylpyridinium) exhibits a drastically enhanced second harmonic generation in resonance to the deep CT exciton energy, with intensity of up to 111.0 times that of KDP and 10.9 times that of urea. The effective NLO coefficient has been determined to be as high as ~40.2 pm V-1, balanced with a large polarization ratio and high laser damage threshold. This work highlights the contribution of organic ligands in the construction of a resonant channel for enhancing second-order NLO coefficients of metal halides, and thus provides guidelines for designing new chiral HOMHs materials for advanced nonlinear photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxin Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Siqian Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Geng Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Rare Earth Group Research Institute, Huangjin Avenue 36, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Zeng
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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2
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Liu S, Jiang X, Qi L, Hu Y, Duanmu K, Wu C, Lin Z, Huang Z, Humphrey MG, Zhang C. An Unprecedented [BO2]-Based Deep-Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Crystal by Superhalogen Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403328. [PMID: 38662352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state structures with the superhalogen [BO2]- have thus far only been observed with a few compounds whose syntheses require high reaction temperatures and complicated procedures, while their optical properties remain almost completely unexplored. Herein, we report a facile, energy-efficient synthesis of the first [BO2]-based deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) transparent oxide K9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)(BO2)·7H2O (KBCOB). Detailed structural characterization and analysis confirm that KBCOB possesses a rare four-in-one three-dimensional quasi-honeycomb framework, with three π-conjugated anions ([BO2]-, [BO3]3-, and [CO3]2-) and one non-π-conjugated anion ([BO4]5-) in the one crystal. The evolution from the traditional halogenated nonlinear optical (NLO) analogues to KBCOB by superhalogen [BO2]- substitution confers deep-UV transparency (< 190 nm), a large second-harmonic generation response (1.0 × KH2PO4 @ 1064 nm), and a 15-fold increase in birefringence. This study affords a new route to the facile synthesis of functional [BO2]-based oxides, paving the way for the development of next-generation high-performing deep-UV NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Functional Crystals Lab, CHINA
| | - Lu Qi
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yilei Hu
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kaining Duanmu
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chao Wu
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Functional Crystals Lab, CHINA
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tongji University, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, CHINA
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3
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Yang Y, Shen M. Modulation instability in nonlinear media with sine-oscillatory nonlocal response function and pure quartic diffraction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8961. [PMID: 38637682 PMCID: PMC11026490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation instability of one-dimensional plane wave is demonstrated in nonlinear Kerr media with sine-oscillatory nonlocal response function and pure quartic diffraction. The growth rate of modulation instability, which depends on the degree of nonlocality, coefficient of quartic diffraction, type of the nonlinearity and the power of plane wave, is analytically obtained with linear-stability analysis. Different from other nonlocal response functions, the maximum of the growth rate in media with sine-oscillatory nonlocal response function occurs always at a particular wave number. Theoretical results of modulation instability are confirmed numerically with split-step Fourier transform. Modulation instability can be controlled flexibly by adjusting the degree of nonlocality and quartic diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Yang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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4
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Galán MF, Serrano J, Jarque EC, Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Nisoli M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Hernández-García C, San Roman J. Robust Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation with Self-Compressed Subcycle Drivers from Hollow Capillary Fibers. ACS Photonics 2024; 11:1673-1683. [PMID: 38645995 PMCID: PMC11027177 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) arising from the nonperturbative interaction of intense light fields with matter constitutes a well-established tabletop source of coherent extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation, which is typically emitted as attosecond pulse trains. However, ultrafast applications increasingly demand isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), which offer great promise for advancing precision control of electron dynamics. Yet, the direct generation of IAPs typically requires the synthesis of near-single-cycle intense driving fields, which is technologically challenging. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a novel scheme for the straightforward and compact generation of IAPs from multicycle infrared drivers using hollow capillary fibers (HCFs). Starting from a standard, intense multicycle infrared pulse, a light transient is generated by extreme soliton self-compression in a HCF with decreasing pressure and is subsequently used to drive HHG in a gas target. Owing to the subcycle confinement of the HHG process, high-contrast IAPs are continuously emitted almost independently of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the optimally self-compressed drivers. This results in a CEP-robust scheme which is also stable under macroscopic propagation of the high harmonics in a gas target. Our results open the way to a new generation of integrated all-fiber IAP sources, overcoming the efficiency limitations of usual gating techniques for multicycle drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernández Galán
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Javier Serrano
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Enrique Conejero Jarque
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christian Brahms
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - John C. Travers
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Julio San Roman
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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5
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Chen W, Zhu S, Duan R, Wang C, Wang F, Wu Y, Dai M, Cui J, Chae SH, Li Z, Ma X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Extraordinary Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Interaction in NbOBr 2 Microcavities. Adv Mater 2024:e2400858. [PMID: 38631028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are burgeoning as promising candidates for investigating nonlinear optical effects due to high nonlinear susceptibilities, broadband optical response, and tunable nonlinearity. However, most 2D materials suffer from poor nonlinear conversion efficiencies, resulting from reduced light-matter interactions and lack of phase matching at atomic thicknesses. Herein, a new 2D nonlinear material, niobium oxide dibromide (NbOBr2) is reported, featuring strong and anisotropic optical nonlinearities with scalable nonlinear intensity. Furthermore, Fabry-Pérot (F-P) microcavities are constructed by coupling NbOBr2 with air holes in silicon. Remarkable enhancement factors of ≈630 times in second harmonic generation (SHG) and 210 times in third harmonic generation (THG) are achieved on cavity at the resonance wavelength of 1500 nm. Notably, the cavity enhancement effect exhibits strong anisotropic feature tunable with pump wavelength, owing to the robust optical birefringence of NbOBr2. The ratio of the enhancement factor along the b- and c-axis of NbOBr2 reaches 2.43 and 5.27 for SHG and THG at 1500 nm pump, respectively, which leads to an extraordinarily high SHG anisotropic ratio of 17.82 and a 10° rotation of THG polarization. The research presents a feasible and practical strategy for developing high-efficiency and low-power-pumped on-chip nonlinear optical devices with tunable anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jieyuan Cui
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Ma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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6
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Becker S, Englund D, Stiller B. An optoacoustic field-programmable perceptron for recurrent neural networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3020. [PMID: 38627394 PMCID: PMC11021513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can process contextual information such as time series signals and language. But their tracking of internal states is a limiting factor, motivating research on analog implementations in photonics. While photonic unidirectional feedforward neural networks (NNs) have demonstrated big leaps, bi-directional optical RNNs present a challenge: the need for a short-term memory that (i) programmable and coherently computes optical inputs, (ii) minimizes added noise, and (iii) allows scalability. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an optoacoustic recurrent operator (OREO) which meets (i, ii, iii). OREO contextualizes the information of an optical pulse sequence via acoustic waves. The acoustic waves link different optical pulses, capturing their information and using it to manipulate subsequent operations. OREO's all-optical control on a pulse-by-pulse basis offers simple reconfigurability and is used to implement a recurrent drop-out and pattern recognition of 27 optical pulse patterns. Finally, we introduce OREO as bi-directional perceptron for new classes of optical NNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Becker
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Birgit Stiller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Lee D, Shin W, Park S, Kim J, Shin H. NOON-state interference in the frequency domain. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:90. [PMID: 38622155 PMCID: PMC11018870 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics, extending to high dimensional quantum states, and promising the scalability of quantum technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50% probability using Bragg scattering four-wave mixing. The two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain, manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference, showing the outstanding stability of the interferometer. This successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Woncheol Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sebae Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heedeuk Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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8
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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. Small 2024:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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9
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Fujii S, Fang N, Yamashita D, Kozawa D, Fong CF, Kato YK. van der Waals Decoration of Ultra-High- Q Silica Microcavities for χ (2)-χ (3) Hybrid Nonlinear Photonics. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4209-4216. [PMID: 38557205 PMCID: PMC11010230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Optical nonlinear processes are indispensable in a wide range of applications, including ultrafast lasers, microscopy, and quantum information technologies. Among the diverse nonlinear processes, second-order effects usually overwhelm the higher-order ones, except in centrosymmetric systems, where the second-order susceptibility vanishes to allow the use of the third-order nonlinearity. Here we demonstrate a hybrid photonic platform whereby the balance between second- and third-order susceptibilities can be tuned flexibly. By decorating ultra-high-Q silica microcavities with atomically thin tungsten diselenide, we observe cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation with continuous-wave excitation at a power level of only a few hundred microwatts. We show that the coexistence of second- and third-order nonlinearities in a single device can be achieved by carefully choosing the size and location of the two-dimensional material. Our approach can be generalized to other types of cavities, unlocking the potential of hybrid systems with controlled nonlinear susceptibilities for novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Fujii
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nan Fang
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Platform
Photonics Research Center, National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Daichi Kozawa
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K. Kato
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Pan X, Liu F, Lin Z, Kang L. Birefringent Dispersion Optimization to Achieve Superior Nonlinear Optical Phase Matching in Deeper Solar-Blind UV Band from KH 2PO 4 to BeH 3PO 5. Small 2024; 20:e2308811. [PMID: 37988700 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear-optical (NLO) crystals require birefringent phase matching (BPM), particularly in the solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) (200-280 nm) and deep-UV (100-200 nm) regions. Achieving BPM requires optimization of optical dispersion along with having large birefringence. This requirement is especially critical for structures with low optical anisotropy, including classical phosphate UV-NLO crystals like KH2PO4 (KDP). However, there is a scarcity of in-depth theoretical analysis and general design strategies based on structural chemistry to optimize dispersion. This study presents findings from a simplified dielectric model that uncover two vital factors to micro-optimize transparent optical dispersion: effective mass (m*) of excited states and effective number (N*) of photo-responsive states. Smoothing of dispersion occurs as m* increases and N* decreases. First-principles analysis of deep-UV KBe2BO3F2-family structures is used to confirm the conciseness and validity of the model. It further proposes substituting K+ with Be2+ to decrease N* and increase m* while enlarging bandgap. This will lead to improved dispersion and an overall enhancement of KDP's BPM capability. The existing BeH3PO5 (BDP) is predicted to improve the shortest BPM wavelength for second-harmonic generation, from 251 nm in KDP to 201 nm in BDP. BDP's extension into the broader UV solar-blind waveband fully supports the proposed optimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlin Pan
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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11
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Roslund JD, Cingöz A, Lunden WD, Partridge GB, Kowligy AS, Roller F, Sheredy DB, Skulason GE, Song JP, Abo-Shaeer JR, Boyd MM. Optical clocks at sea. Nature 2024; 628:736-740. [PMID: 38658684 PMCID: PMC11043038 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Deployed optical clocks will improve positioning for navigational autonomy1, provide remote time standards for geophysical monitoring2 and distributed coherent sensing3, allow time synchronization of remote quantum networks4,5 and provide operational redundancy for national time standards. Although laboratory optical clocks now reach fractional inaccuracies below 10-18 (refs. 6,7), transportable versions of these high-performing clocks8,9 have limited utility because of their size, environmental sensitivity and cost10. Here we report the development of optical clocks with the requisite combination of size, performance and environmental insensitivity for operation on mobile platforms. The 35 l clock combines a molecular iodine spectrometer, fibre frequency comb and control electronics. Three of these clocks operated continuously aboard a naval ship in the Pacific Ocean for 20 days while accruing timing errors below 300 ps per day. The clocks have comparable performance to active hydrogen masers in one-tenth the volume. Operating high-performance clocks at sea has been historically challenging and continues to be critical for navigation. This demonstration marks a significant technological advancement that heralds the arrival of future optical timekeeping networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joe P Song
- Vector Atomic, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA
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12
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Liu TT, Hou N. Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Properties of B(III)-Submonoazaporphyrin-π-Diimide Compounds: A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400035. [PMID: 38558323 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Three hypothetical complexes were designed using diimides (PMDI, NTCDI, and PTCDI) as the acceptor unit and B(III)-submonoazaporphyrin (1) as the donor unit. These complexes have smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (3.39-3.96 eV) than pristine 1 (6.61 eV). Further, the energy gap can be tuned by changing the number of benzene rings of these diimides. Remarkably, these proposed complexes possess considerable first hyperpolarizabilities (β0) (4865-6921 a.u.), and the regularity of the β0 values remained the same in the gas phase and toluene solvent conditions. There is an inverse relationship between the energy gap and the polarizability/first hyperpolarizability. In addition, absorption spectra, frontier molecular orbitals, and hole electron distributions were obtained using time-dependent density functional theory calculations to emphasize the relationship between structure and properties. Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectra reveals that all complexes show satisfying IR working regions. Further analysis of the first hyperpolarizability density reveals the nature of the excellent NLO properties of the studied systems. This study can provide valuable insights for the development of potential high-performance NLO molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Na Hou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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13
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Mitra S, Jiménez-Galán Á, Aulich M, Neuhaus M, Silva REF, Pervak V, Kling MF, Biswas S. Light-wave-controlled Haldane model in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride. Nature 2024; 628:752-757. [PMID: 38622268 PMCID: PMC11041748 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the stacking and twisting of atom-thin structures with matching crystal symmetry has provided a unique way to create new superlattice structures in which new properties emerge1,2. In parallel, control over the temporal characteristics of strong light fields has allowed researchers to manipulate coherent electron transport in such atom-thin structures on sublaser-cycle timescales3,4. Here we demonstrate a tailored light-wave-driven analogue to twisted layer stacking. Tailoring the spatial symmetry of the light waveform to that of the lattice of a hexagonal boron nitride monolayer and then twisting this waveform result in optical control of time-reversal symmetry breaking5 and the realization of the topological Haldane model6 in a laser-dressed two-dimensional insulating crystal. Further, the parameters of the effective Haldane-type Hamiltonian can be controlled by rotating the light waveform, thus enabling ultrafast switching between band structure configurations and allowing unprecedented control over the magnitude, location and curvature of the bandgap. This results in an asymmetric population between complementary quantum valleys that leads to a measurable valley Hall current7, which can be detected by optical harmonic polarimetry. The universality and robustness of our scheme paves the way to valley-selective bandgap engineering on the fly and unlocks the possibility of creating few-femtosecond switches with quantum degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Mitra
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Álvaro Jiménez-Galán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mario Aulich
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Marcel Neuhaus
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Rui E F Silva
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Volodymyr Pervak
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shubhadeep Biswas
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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14
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Jarosik A, Nádasi H, Schwidder M, Manabe A, Bremer M, Klasen-Memmer M, Eremin A. Fluid fibers in true 3D ferroelectric liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313629121. [PMID: 38513103 PMCID: PMC10990086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313629121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an exceptional ability of a high-polarization 3D ferroelectric liquid to form freely suspended fluid fibers at room temperature. Unlike fluid threads in modulated smectics and columnar phases, where translational order is a prerequisite for forming liquid fibers, recently discovered ferroelectric nematic forms fibers with solely orientational molecular order. Additional stabilization mechanisms based on the polar nature of the mesophase are required for this. We propose a model for such a mechanism and show that these fibers demonstrate an exceptional nonlinear optical response and exhibit electric field-driven instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jarosik
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
| | - Hajnalka Nádasi
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
| | - Michael Schwidder
- Department Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexey Eremin
- Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
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15
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Shoriki K, Moriishi K, Okamura Y, Yokoi K, Usui H, Murakawa H, Sakai H, Hanasaki N, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Large nonlinear optical magnetoelectric response in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316910121. [PMID: 38483985 PMCID: PMC10962943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316910121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Weyl semimetals resulting from either inversion (P) or time-reversal (T) symmetry breaking have been revealed to show the record-breaking large optical response due to intense Berry curvature of Weyl-node pairs. Different classes of Weyl semimetals with both P and T symmetry breaking potentially exhibit optical magnetoelectric (ME) responses, which are essentially distinct from the previously observed optical responses in conventional Weyl semimetals, leading to the versatile functions such as directional dependence for light propagation and gyrotropic effects. However, such optical ME phenomena of (semi)metallic systems have remained elusive so far. Here, we show the large nonlinear optical ME response in noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal PrAlGe, in which the polar structural asymmetry and ferromagnetic ordering break P and T symmetry. We observe the giant second harmonic generation (SHG) arising from the P symmetry breaking in the paramagnetic phase, being comparable to the largest SHG response reported in Weyl semimetal TaAs. In the ferromagnetically ordered phase, it is found that interference between this nonmagnetic SHG and the magnetically induced SHG emerging due to both P and T symmetry breaking results in the magnetic field switching of SHG intensity. Furthermore, such an interference effect critically depends on the light-propagating direction. The corresponding magnetically induced nonlinear susceptibility is significantly larger than the prototypical ME material, manifesting the existence of the strong nonlinear dynamical ME coupling. The present findings establish the unique optical functionality of P- and T-symmetry broken ME topological semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shoriki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Keigo Moriishi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo171-8588, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Usui
- Department of Applied Physics Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakai
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hanasaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
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16
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Li YF, He YP, Li QH, Zhang J. Integrated Anionic Zirconium-Organic Cage and Cationic Boron-Imidazolate Cage for Synergetic Optical Limiting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318806. [PMID: 38278762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Making oppositely charged metal-organic cages (MOCs) into a tightly ordered structure may bring interesting functions. Herein, we report a novel structure composed of anionic (Zr4 L6 )8- (L=embonate) tetrahedral cages and in situ-formed cationic [Zn4 (Bim)4 ]4+ (Bim=[BH(im)3 ]- ; im=imidazole) cubic cages. Chiral transfer is observed from enantiopure (Zr4 L6 )8- cage to enantiopure [Zn4 (Bim)4 ]4+ cage. A pair of enantiomers (PTC-373(Δ) and PTC-373(Λ)) are formed. PTC-373 exhibits high chemical and thermal stabilities, affording an interesting single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation. More importantly, the combination of ionic pair cages significantly enhances its third-order nonlinear optical property, and its thin-film exhibits an excellent optical limiting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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17
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Firby CJ, Elezzabi AY. Enhanced Green Light Emission from a Silicon-Based Metal-Encapsulated Nanoplasmonic Waveguide. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3067-3073. [PMID: 38426817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Integrated silicon plasmonic circuitry is becoming integral for communications and data processing. One key challenge in implementing such optical networks is the realization of optical sources on silicon platforms, due to silicon's indirect bandgap. Here, we present a silicon-based metal-encapsulated nanoplasmonic waveguide geometry that can mitigate this issue and efficiently generate light via third-harmonic generation (THG). Our waveguides are ideal for such applications, having strong power confinement and field enhancement, and an effective use of the nonlinear core area. This unique device was fabricated, and experimental results show efficient THG conversion efficiencies of η = 4.9 × 10-4, within a core footprint of only 0.24 μm2. Notably, this is the highest absolute silicon-based THG conversion efficiency presented to date. Furthermore, the nonlinear emission is not constrained by phase matching. These waveguides are envisioned to have crucial applications in signal generation within integrated nanoplasmonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Firby
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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18
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Hartung A, Arshad MA, Jäger M. From instable directional switching to controlled unidirectional operation in a nonlinear fiber ring laser. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5964. [PMID: 38472282 PMCID: PMC10933343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate a new phenomenon, where a reciprocal fiber ring laser switches from bidirectional to unidirectional operation above a certain pump power threshold. Significant simplifications regarding earlier experiments are presented, which for the first time allow the identification of individual nonlinear effects. We highlight the unique role of stimulated Raman scattering in triggering unidirectional operation, and that additional conditions apply. The threshold is reduced from 30 to 3.8 W, which eases potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hartung
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Assad Arshad
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07747, Jena, Germany
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19
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Mehrabzadeh H, Khoshdel H, Mahmoudi M, Amini Sabegh Z, Rasouli S. Voltage-controlled two-dimensional Fresnel diffraction pattern in quantum dot molecules. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5815. [PMID: 38461176 PMCID: PMC10924883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of inter-dot tunneling effects within a quantum dot molecule on the Fresnel diffraction phenomenon. Our findings indicate that the Fresnel diffraction of the output probe Gaussian field can be manipulated by adjusting the inter-dot tunneling parameter's strength and the characteristics of the coupling field. The inter-dot tunneling effect establishes a closed-loop system, setting conditions for the interference of the applied fields. We specifically examine a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) coupling field, investigating how its properties-such as strength, value, and sign of the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-impact the Fresnel diffraction of the output probe field. Increasing the inter-dot tunneling parameter and the coupling LG field's strength allows for control over the spatial distribution of the Fresnel diffraction pattern. Notably, the inter-dot tunneling parameter can disturb the symmetry of the diffraction patterns. Additionally, considering a negative OAM for the coupling LG field transforms the diffraction pattern into its inverse shape. This suggests that, in the presence of the inter-dot tunneling effect, the Fresnel diffraction pattern is contingent on the direction of rotation of the helical phase front of the coupling LG field. Our results offer insights into quantum control of Fresnel diffraction patterns and the identification of OAM in LG beams, presenting potential applications in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mehrabzadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Hamid Khoshdel
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Zahra Amini Sabegh
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Saifollah Rasouli
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
- Optics Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
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20
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Abdur-Rashid K, Saha SK, Mugisha J, Teale S, Wang S, Saber M, Lough AJ, Sargent EH, Fekl U. Organic Polar Crystals, Second Harmonic Generation, and Piezoelectric Effects from Heteroadamantanes in the Space Group R3m. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302998. [PMID: 38231551 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polar crystalline materials, a subset of the non-centrosymmetric materials, are highly sought after. Their symmetry properties make them pyroelectric and also piezoelectric and capable of second-harmonic generation (SHG). For SHG and piezoelectric applications, metal oxides are commonly used. The advantages of oxides are durability and hardness - downsides are the need for high-temperature synthesis/processing and often the need to include toxic metals. Organic polar crystals, on the other hand, can avoid toxic metals and can be amenable to solution-state processing. While the vast majority of polar organic molecules crystallize in non-polar space groups, we found that both 7-chloro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane, for short Cl-TAA, and also the related Br-TAA (but not I-TAA) form polar crystals in the space group R3m, easily obtained from dichloromethane solution. Measurements confirm piezoelectric and SHG properties for Cl-TAA and Br-TAA. When the two species are crystallized together, solid solutions form, suggesting that properties of future materials can be tuned continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdur-Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Shraman K Saha
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Jules Mugisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Meelad Saber
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Alan J Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
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21
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Neufeld O, Hübener H, Giovannini UD, Rubio A. Tracking electron motion within and outside of Floquet bands from attosecond pulse trains in time-resolved ARPES. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:225401. [PMID: 38364263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2a0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering has recently emerged as a technique for controlling material properties with light. Floquet phases can be probed with time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (Tr-ARPES), providing direct access to the laser-dressed electronic bands. Applications of Tr-ARPES to date focused on observing the Floquet-Bloch bands themselves, and their build-up and dephasing on sub-laser-cycle timescales. However, momentum and energy resolved sub-laser-cycle dynamics between Floquet bands have not been analyzed. Given that Floquet theory strictly applies in time-periodic conditions, the notion of resolving sub-laser-cycle dynamics between Floquet states seems contradictory-it requires probe pulse durations below a laser cycle that inherently cannot discern the time-periodic nature of the light-matter system. Here we propose to employ attosecond pulse train probes with the same temporal periodicity as the Floquet-dressing pump pulse, allowing both attosecond sub-laser-cycle resolution and a proper projection of Tr-ARPES spectra on the Floquet-Bloch bands. We formulate and employ this approach inab-initiocalculations in light-driven graphene. Our calculations predict significant sub-laser-cycle dynamics occurring within the Floquet phase with the majority of electrons moving within and in-between Floquet bands, and a small portion residing and moving outside of them in what we denote as 'non-Floquet' bands. We establish that non-Floquet bands arise from the pump laser envelope that induces non-adiabatic electronic excitations during the pulse turn-on and turn-off. By performing calculations in systems with poly-chromatic pumps we also show that Floquet states are not formed on a sub-laser-cycle level. This work indicates that the Floquet-Bloch states are generally not a complete basis set for sub-laser-cycle dynamics in steady-state phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
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22
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Ermolaev GA, Voronin KV, Toksumakov AN, Grudinin DV, Fradkin IM, Mazitov A, Slavich AS, Tatmyshevskiy MK, Yakubovsky DI, Solovey VR, Kirtaev RV, Novikov SM, Zhukova ES, Kruglov I, Vyshnevyy AA, Baranov DG, Ghazaryan DA, Arsenin AV, Martin-Moreno L, Volkov VS, Novoselov KS. Wandering principal optical axes in van der Waals triclinic materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1552. [PMID: 38448442 PMCID: PMC10918091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nature is abundant in material platforms with anisotropic permittivities arising from symmetry reduction that feature a variety of extraordinary optical effects. Principal optical axes are essential characteristics for these effects that define light-matter interaction. Their orientation - an orthogonal Cartesian basis that diagonalizes the permittivity tensor, is often assumed stationary. Here, we show that the low-symmetry triclinic crystalline structure of van der Waals rhenium disulfide and rhenium diselenide is characterized by wandering principal optical axes in the space-wavelength domain with above π/2 degree of rotation for in-plane components. In turn, this leads to wavelength-switchable propagation directions of their waveguide modes. The physical origin of wandering principal optical axes is explained using a multi-exciton phenomenological model and ab initio calculations. We envision that the wandering principal optical axes of the investigated low-symmetry triclinic van der Waals crystals offer a platform for unexplored anisotropic phenomena and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A Ermolaev
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill V Voronin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Adilet N Toksumakov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Grudinin
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ilia M Fradkin
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arslan Mazitov
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandr S Slavich
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry I Yakubovsky
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Valentin R Solovey
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roman V Kirtaev
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sergey M Novikov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Elena S Zhukova
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Ivan Kruglov
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrey A Vyshnevyy
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Davit A Ghazaryan
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Aleksey V Arsenin
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Luis Martin-Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valentyn S Volkov
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park First, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- National Graphene Institute (NGI), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 03-09, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Kanté B. BerkSEL: A scale-invariant laser beyond the Schawlow-Townes two-mirror strategy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2047. [PMID: 38448453 PMCID: PMC10917810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boubacar Kanté
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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24
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Qiu T, Cao H, Liu K, Yu LY, Levy M, Lendaro E, Wang F, You S. Spectral-temporal-spatial customization via modulating multimodal nonlinear pulse propagation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2031. [PMID: 38448415 PMCID: PMC10918100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimode fibers (MMFs) are gaining renewed interest for nonlinear effects due to their high-dimensional spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics and scalability for high power. High-brightness MMF sources with effective control of the nonlinear processes would offer possibilities in many areas from high-power fiber lasers, to bioimaging and chemical sensing, and to intriguing physics phenomena. Here we present a simple yet effective way of controlling nonlinear effects at high peak power levels. This is achieved by leveraging not only the spatial but also the temporal degrees of freedom during multimodal nonlinear pulse propagation in step-index MMFs, using a programmable fiber shaper that introduces time-dependent disorders. We achieve high tunability in MMF output fields, resulting in a broadband high-peak-power source. Its potential as a nonlinear imaging source is further demonstrated through widely tunable two-photon and three-photon microscopy. These demonstrations provide possibilities for technology advances in nonlinear optics, bioimaging, spectroscopy, optical computing, and material processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Honghao Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kunzan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Yu Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Levy
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eva Lendaro
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sixian You
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Li P, Li Q, Tang W, Wang W, Zhang W, Little BE, Chu ST, Shore KA, Qin Y, Wang Y. Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38438369 PMCID: PMC10912654 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Random bit generators are critical for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and simulations. Speed and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit generation. Herein, we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator. A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method, random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb lines. This bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines used. Our approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation, and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Qizhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wenye Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Brent E Little
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sai Tek Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Alan Shore
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, LL57 1UT, UK
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Yuncai Wang
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
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26
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Guo C, Li Y. Light People: Prof. Eric Mazur speaks about ultrafast optics and education. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:57. [PMID: 38409050 PMCID: PMC10897185 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
EDITORIAL Prof. Eric Mazur is a great influencer over and beyond the optics community. As a physicist, he is a pioneer of ultrafast optics and was one of the inventors of colliding-pulse mode-locked laser. As an educator, he not only gave talks to thousands, but also revolutionized teaching with his globally renowned methodology "Peer Instruction". As a leader and entrepreneur, he co-founded several companies and was President of Optica (formerly the Optical Society) and currently is the Chair of the Optica Foundation. Here, Light: Science & Applications talked with Prof. Eric Mazur about his opinions on research, education and industry. The full interview video can be found in the Supplementary File.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzi Guo
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Zafar AJ, Mitra A, Apalkov V. High harmonic generation in graphene quantum dots. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:215302. [PMID: 38330466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We study theoretically the generation of high harmonics in disk graphene quantum dots placed in linearly polarized short pulse. The quantum dots (QD) are described within an effective model of the Dirac type and the length gauge was used to describe the interaction of quantum dots with an optical pulse. The generated radiation spectra of graphene quantum dots can be controlled by varying the quantum dot size, i.e. its radius. With increasing the quantum dot radius, the intensities of low harmonics mainly decrease, while the cutoff frequency increases. The sensitivity of the cutoff frequency to the QD size increases with the intensity of the pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmal Jawad Zafar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Aranyo Mitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Vadym Apalkov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
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28
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Tang T, Hu D, Lin D, Yang L, Shen Z, Yang W, Liu H, Li H, Fan X, Wang Z, Wang G. Third Harmonic Generation in Thin NbOI 2 and TaOI 2. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:412. [PMID: 38470743 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The niobium oxide dihalides have recently been identified as a new class of van der Waals materials exhibiting exceptionally large second-order nonlinear optical responses and robust in-plane ferroelectricity. In contrast to second-order nonlinear processes, third-order optical nonlinearities can arise irrespective of whether a crystal lattice is centrosymmetric. Here, we report third harmonic generation (THG) in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide iodides, namely NbOI2 and TaOI2. We observe a comparable THG intensity from both materials. By benchmarking against THG from monolayer WS2, we deduce that the third-order susceptibility is approximately on the same order. THG resonances are revealed at different excitation wavelengths, likely due to enhancement by excitonic states and band edge resonances. The THG intensity increases for material thicknesses up to 30 nm, owing to weak interlayer coupling. After this threshold, it shows saturation or a decrease, due to optical interference effects. Our results establish niobium and tantalum oxide iodides as promising 2D materials for third-order nonlinear optics, with intrinsic in-plane ferroelectricity and thickness-tunable nonlinear efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Tang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Deng Hu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Lin
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziling Shen
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchen Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hanting Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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29
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Hail CU, Michaeli L, Atwater HA. Third Harmonic Generation Enhancement and Wavefront Control Using a Local High- Q Metasurface. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2257-2263. [PMID: 38346272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
High quality factor optical nanostructures provide a great opportunity to enhance nonlinear optical processes such as third harmonic generation. However, the field enhancement in these high quality factor structures is typically accompanied by optical mode nonlocality. As a result, the enhancement of nonlinear processes comes at the cost of their local control as needed for nonlinear wavefront shaping, imaging, and holography. Here we show simultaneous strong enhancement and spatial control over third harmonic generation with a local high-Q metasurface relying on higher-order Mie resonant modes. Our results demonstrate third harmonic generation at an efficiency of up to 3.25 × 10-5, high quality wavefront shaping as illustrated by a third harmonic metalens, and a flatband, angle independent, third harmonic response up to ±11° incident angle. The demonstrated high level of local control and efficient frequency conversion offer promising prospects for realizing novel nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio U Hail
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lior Michaeli
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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30
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Hu J, Chen GJ, Xue C, Liang P, Xiang Y, Zhang C, Chi X, Liu G, Ye Y, Cui D, Zhang D, Yu X, Dang H, Zhang W, Chen J, Tang Q, Guo P, Ho HP, Li Y, Cong L, Shum PP. RSPSSL: A novel high-fidelity Raman spectral preprocessing scheme to enhance biomedical applications and chemical resolution visualization. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:52. [PMID: 38374161 PMCID: PMC10876988 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has tremendous potential for material analysis with its molecular fingerprinting capability in many branches of science and technology. It is also an emerging omics technique for metabolic profiling to shape precision medicine. However, precisely attributing vibration peaks coupled with specific environmental, instrumental, and specimen noise is problematic. Intelligent Raman spectral preprocessing to remove statistical bias noise and sample-related errors should provide a powerful tool for valuable information extraction. Here, we propose a novel Raman spectral preprocessing scheme based on self-supervised learning (RSPSSL) with high capacity and spectral fidelity. It can preprocess arbitrary Raman spectra without further training at a speed of ~1 900 spectra per second without human interference. The experimental data preprocessing trial demonstrated its excellent capacity and signal fidelity with an 88% reduction in root mean square error and a 60% reduction in infinite norm ([Formula: see text]) compared to established techniques. With this advantage, it remarkably enhanced various biomedical applications with a 400% accuracy elevation (ΔAUC) in cancer diagnosis, an average 38% (few-shot) and 242% accuracy improvement in paraquat concentration prediction, and unsealed the chemical resolution of biomedical hyperspectral images, especially in the spectral fingerprint region. It precisely preprocessed various Raman spectra from different spectroscopy devices, laboratories, and diverse applications. This scheme will enable biomedical mechanism screening with the label-free volumetric molecular imaging tool on organism and disease metabolomics profiling with a scenario of high throughput, cross-device, various analyte complexity, and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gina Jinna Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chenlong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanqun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaokeng Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Chaozhou People's Hospital, Chaozhou, 521011, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Clinical Research Design Division, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Dongyu Cui
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - De Zhang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Hong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Penglai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Longqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Department of EEE, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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31
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Tao Z, Shen B, Li W, Xing L, Wang H, Wu Y, Tao Y, Zhou Y, He Y, Peng C, Shu H, Wang X. Versatile photonic molecule switch in multimode microresonators. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:51. [PMID: 38374124 PMCID: PMC10876944 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing optical supermode interaction to construct artificial photonic molecules has uncovered a series of fundamental optical phenomena analogous to atomic physics. Previously, the distinct energy levels and interactions in such two-level systems were provided by coupled microresonators. The reconfigurability is limited, as they often require delicate external field stimuli or mechanically altering the geometric factors. These highly specific approaches also limit potential applications. Here, we propose a versatile on-chip photonic molecule in a multimode microring, utilizing a flexible regulation methodology to dynamically control the existence and interaction strength of spatial modes. The transition between single/multi-mode states enables the "switched-off/on" functionality of the photonic molecule, supporting wider generalized applications scenarios. In particular, "switched-on" state shows flexible and multidimensional mode splitting control in aspects of both coupling strength and phase difference, equivalent to the a.c. and d.c. Stark effect. "Switched-off" state allows for perfect low-loss single-mode transition (Qi ~ 10 million) under an ultra-compact bend size (FSR ~ 115 GHz) in a foundry-based silicon microring. It breaks the stereotyped image of the FSR-Q factor trade-off, enabling ultra-wideband and high-resolution millimeter-wave photonic operations. Our demonstration provides a flexible and portable solution for the integrated photonic molecule system, extending its research scope from fundamental physics to real-world applications such as nonlinear optical signal processing and sixth-generation wireless communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bitao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wencan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luwen Xing
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, 100871, Bejing, China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuansheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yandong He
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, 100871, Bejing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haowen Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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32
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Coen S, Garbin B, Xu G, Quinn L, Goldman N, Oppo GL, Erkintalo M, Murdoch SG, Fatome J. Nonlinear topological symmetry protection in a dissipative system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1398. [PMID: 38360729 PMCID: PMC10869785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and theoretically a system ruled by an intricate interplay between topology, nonlinearity, and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The experiment is based on a two-mode coherently-driven optical resonator where photons interact through the Kerr nonlinearity. In presence of a phase defect, the modal structure acquires a synthetic Möbius topology enabling the realization of spontaneous symmetry breaking in inherently bias-free conditions without fine tuning of parameters. Rigorous statistical tests confirm the robustness of the underlying symmetry protection, which manifests itself by a periodic alternation of the modes reminiscent of period-doubling. This dynamic also confers long term stability to various localized structures including domain walls, solitons, and breathers. Our findings are supported by an effective Hamiltonian model and have relevance to other systems of interacting bosons and to the Floquet engineering of quantum matter. They could also be beneficial to the implementation of coherent Ising machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Coen
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno Garbin
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
- NcodiN SAS, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gang Xu
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Liam Quinn
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Goldman
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gian-Luca Oppo
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, Scotland
| | - Miro Erkintalo
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stuart G Murdoch
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julien Fatome
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078, Dijon, France
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33
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Jain A, Bégin JL, Corkum P, Karimi E, Brabec T, Bhardwaj R. Intrinsic dichroism in amorphous and crystalline solids with helical light. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1350. [PMID: 38355638 PMCID: PMC10867019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solids do not exhibit long-range order due to the disordered arrangement of atoms. They lack translational and rotational symmetry on a macroscopic scale and are therefore isotropic. As a result, differential absorption of polarized light, called dichroism, is not known to exist in amorphous solids. Using helical light beams that carry orbital angular momentum as a probe, we demonstrate that dichroism is intrinsic to both amorphous and crystalline solids. We show that in the nonlinear regime, helical dichroism is responsive to the short-range order and its origin is explained in terms of interband multiphoton assisted tunneling. We also demonstrate that the helical dichroism signal is sensitive to chirality and its strength can be controlled and tuned using a superposition of OAM and Gaussian beams. Our research challenges the conventional knowledge that dichroism does not exist in amorphous solids and enables to manipulate the optical properties of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jain
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Luc Bégin
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Paul Corkum
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Brabec
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ravi Bhardwaj
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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34
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Wang S, Li W, Deng C, Hong Z, Gao HB, Li X, Gu Y, Zheng Q, Wu Y, Evans PG, Li JF, Nan CW, Li Q. Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1374. [PMID: 38355699 PMCID: PMC10866987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V-1 and ~664% V-1, respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>1010 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, 318000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Han-Bin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueliang Gu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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35
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Stanton EJ, Tønning P, Ulsig EZ, Calmar S, Stanton MA, Thomsen ST, Gravesen KB, Johansen P, Volet N. Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in the far-UVC pumped by a blue laser diode. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3238. [PMID: 38331948 PMCID: PMC10853522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Far-UVC light in the wavelength range of 200-230 nm has attracted renewed interest because of its safety for human exposure and effectiveness in inactivating pathogens. Here we present a compact solid-state far-UVC laser source based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a low-cost commercially-available blue laser diode pump. Leveraging the high intensity of light in a nanophotonic waveguide and heterogeneous integration, our approach achieves Cherenkov phase-matching across a bonded interface consisting of a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide and a beta barium borate (BBO) nonlinear crystal. Through systematic investigations of waveguide dimensions and pump power, we analyze the dependencies of Cherenkov emission angle, conversion efficiency, and output power. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of generating far-UVC, paving the way for mass production in a compact form factor. This solid-state far-UVC laser source shows significant potential for applications in human-safe disinfection, non-line-of-sight free-space communication, and deep-UV Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Stanton
- EMode Photonix, Boulder, CO, USA.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | | | - Emil Z Ulsig
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Simon T Thomsen
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin B Gravesen
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nicolas Volet
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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36
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Statistics of modal condensation in nonlinear multimode fibers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1149. [PMID: 38326321 PMCID: PMC10850069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical pulses traveling through multimode optical fibers encounter the influence of both linear disturbances and nonlinearity, resulting in a complex and chaotic redistribution of power among different modes. In our research, we explore the phenomenon where multimode fibers reach stable states marked by the concentration of energy into both single and multiple sub-systems. We introduce a weighted Bose-Einstein law, demonstrating its suitability in describing thermalized modal power distributions in the nonlinear regime, as well as steady-state distributions in the linear regime. We apply the law to experimental results and numerical simulations. Our findings reveal that, at power levels situated between the linear and soliton regimes, energy concentration occurs locally within higher-order modal groups before transitioning to global concentration in the fundamental mode within the soliton regime. This research broadens the application of thermodynamic principles to multimode fibers, uncovering previously unexplored optical states that exhibit characteristics akin to optical glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy.
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy
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37
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Makhonin M, Delphan A, Song KW, Walker P, Isoniemi T, Claronino P, Orfanakis K, Rajendran SK, Ohadi H, Heckötter J, Assmann M, Bayer M, Tartakovskii A, Skolnick M, Kyriienko O, Krizhanovskii D. Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu 2O microcavities. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38320987 PMCID: PMC10847413 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg excitons (analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems) are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii. The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity, with applications in sensing and quantum information processing. Here, we achieve strong effective photon-photon interactions (Kerr-like optical nonlinearity) via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled microresonator. Under pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density. Theoretical analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as ∝ n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n = 7. Such high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities, which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic (polaritonic) states in a solid state system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Makhonin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Anthonin Delphan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Kok Wee Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Paul Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Tommi Isoniemi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Peter Claronino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Konstantinos Orfanakis
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Sai Kiran Rajendran
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Julian Heckötter
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc Assmann
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Maurice Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Oleksandr Kyriienko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Dmitry Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
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38
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Mooshammer F, Xu X, Trovatello C, Peng ZH, Yang B, Amontree J, Zhang S, Hone J, Dean CR, Schuck PJ, Basov DN. Enabling Waveguide Optics in Rhombohedral-Stacked Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Laser-Patterned Grating Couplers. ACS Nano 2024; 18:4118-4130. [PMID: 38261768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Waveguides play a key role in the implementation of on-chip optical elements and, therefore, lie at the heart of integrated photonics. To add the functionalities of layered materials to existing technologies, dedicated fabrication protocols are required. Here, we build on laser writing to pattern grating structures into bulk noncentrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenides with grooves as sharp as 250 nm. Using thin flakes of 3R-MoS2 that act as waveguides for near-infrared light, we demonstrate the functionality of the grating couplers with two complementary experiments: first, nano-optical imaging is used to visualize transverse electric and magnetic modes, whose directional outcoupling is captured by finite element simulations. Second, waveguide second-harmonic generation is demonstrated by grating-coupling femtosecond pulses into the slabs in which the radiation partially undergoes frequency doubling throughout the propagation. Our work provides a straightforward strategy for laser patterning of van der Waals crystals, demonstrates the feasibility of compact frequency converters, and examines the tuning knobs that enable optimized coupling into layered waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chiara Trovatello
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zhi Hao Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Birui Yang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jacob Amontree
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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39
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Klenen J, Sauerwein F, Vittadello L, Kömpe K, Hreb V, Sydorchuk V, Yakhnevych U, Sugak D, Vasylechko L, Imlau M. Gap-Free Tuning of Second and Third Harmonic Generation in Mechanochemically Synthesized Nanocrystalline LiNb 1-xTa xO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Studied with Nonlinear Diffuse Femtosecond-Pulse Reflectometry. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 38334588 PMCID: PMC10857201 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The tuning of second (SHG) and third (THG) harmonic emission is studied in the model system LiNb 1-xTa xO 3 (0≤x≤1, LNT) between the established edge compositions lithium niobate (LiNbO 3, x=0, LN) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3, x=1, LT). Thus, the existence of optical nonlinearities of the second and third order is demonstrated in the ferroelectric solid solution system, and the question about the suitability of LNT in the field of nonlinear and quantum optics, in particular as a promising nonlinear optical material for frequency conversion with tunable composition, is addressed. For this purpose, harmonic generation is studied in nanosized crystallites of mechanochemically synthesized LNT using nonlinear diffuse reflectometry with wavelength-tunable fundamental femtosecond laser pulses from 1200 nm to 2000 nm. As a result, a gap-free harmonic emission is validated that accords with the theoretically expected energy relations, dependencies on intensity and wavelength, as well as spectral bandwidths for harmonic generation. The SHG/THG harmonic ratio ≫1 is characteristic of the ferroelectric bulk nature of the LNT nanocrystallites. We can conclude that LNT is particularly attractive for applications in nonlinear optics that benefit from the possibility of the composition-dependent control of mechanical, electrical, and/or optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klenen
- Department of Mathematics/Informatics/Physics, Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Research Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrueck (CellNanOs), Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Felix Sauerwein
- Department of Mathematics/Informatics/Physics, Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Research Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrueck (CellNanOs), Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Laura Vittadello
- Department of Mathematics/Informatics/Physics, Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Research Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrueck (CellNanOs), Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Karsten Kömpe
- Research Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrueck (CellNanOs), Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Vasyl Hreb
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine (L.V.)
| | - Volodymyr Sydorchuk
- Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 13 Gen. Naumov St., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Uliana Yakhnevych
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine (L.V.)
| | - Dmytro Sugak
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine (L.V.)
- Scientific Research Company ‘Electron-Carat’, 79031 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Vasylechko
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine (L.V.)
| | - Mirco Imlau
- Department of Mathematics/Informatics/Physics, Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Research Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrueck (CellNanOs), Osnabrueck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
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40
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Sedaghat Nejad M, Ghasempour Ardakani A. Giant enhancement of third harmonic generation in an array of graphene ribbons using amplification of surface plasmon polaritons by optical gain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2853. [PMID: 38310178 PMCID: PMC10838323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically study the enhancement of third-harmonic generation in a plasmonic structure composed of an array of trilayer graphene ribbons sandwiched between two [Formula: see text] layers. In fact, we suggest a new method for more enhancement of nonlinearity in plasmonic structures using incorporation of optical gain into graphene ribbons. As the pump intensity increases, the maximum output intensity of third harmonic generated (THG) wave versus fundamental frequency is blue-shifted while its value enhances. Our analysis indicates that the enhancement factor of THG in our proposed structure is 1.1 × 107 without occurring an electric breakdown compared to case at which an optically pumped trilayer graphene sheet sandwiched between two CaF2 layers. Therefore, only presence of optical gain is not sufficient for significant enhancement of output intensity of THG wave and excitation of SPPs through the structure is also essential. On the other hand, our results demonstrate that the output intensity of THG wave from the proposed structure under optical pumping enhances by [Formula: see text] times compared to the plasmonic structure without optical gain which confirms the role of optical gain for THG enhancement in the plasmonic structure. This is because the gain in graphene ribbons amplifies the SPPs waves leading to the more field enhancement along the graphene ribbons which results in significant enhancement of THG wave in the plasmonic structure in comparison with one without gain. Therefore, we reveal that both SPPs and optical gain contribute to the strong output intensity of THG in our proposed structure compared to the trilayer graphene sheet inserted between two CaF2 layers.
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41
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Malomed BA. Discrete and Semi-Discrete Multidimensional Solitons and Vortices: Established Results and Novel Findings. Entropy (Basel) 2024; 26:137. [PMID: 38392392 PMCID: PMC10887582 DOI: 10.3390/e26020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a concise survey of basic discrete and semi-discrete nonlinear models, which produce two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons, and a summary of the main theoretical and experimental results obtained for such solitons. The models are based on the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations and their generalizations, such as a system of discrete Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations with the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections, the 2D Salerno model (SM), DNLS equations with long-range dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, a system of coupled discrete equations for the second-harmonic generation with the quadratic (χ(2)) nonlinearity, a 2D DNLS equation with a superlattice modulation opening mini-gaps, a discretized NLS equation with rotation, a DNLS coupler and its PT-symmetric version, a system of DNLS equations for the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate, and others. The article presents a review of the basic species of multidimensional discrete modes, including fundamental (zero-vorticity) and vortex solitons, their bound states, gap solitons populating mini-gaps, symmetric and asymmetric solitons in the conservative and PT-symmetric couplers, cuspons in the 2D SM, discrete SOC solitons of the semi-vortex and mixed-mode types, 3D discrete skyrmions, and some others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Malomed
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile
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Uzan-Narovlansky AJ, Faeyrman L, Brown GG, Shames S, Narovlansky V, Xiao J, Arusi-Parpar T, Kneller O, Bruner BD, Smirnova O, Silva REF, Yan B, Jiménez-Galán Á, Ivanov M, Dudovich N. Observation of interband Berry phase in laser-driven crystals. Nature 2024; 626:66-71. [PMID: 38233521 PMCID: PMC10830408 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ever since its discovery1, the notion of the Berry phase has permeated all branches of physics and plays an important part in a variety of quantum phenomena2. However, so far all its realizations have been based on a continuous evolution of the quantum state, following a cyclic path. Here we introduce and demonstrate a conceptually new manifestation of the Berry phase in light-driven crystals, in which the electronic wavefunction accumulates a geometric phase during a discrete evolution between different bands, while preserving the coherence of the process. We experimentally reveal this phase by using a strong laser field to engineer an internal interferometer, induced during less than one cycle of the driving field, which maps the phase onto the emission of higher-order harmonics. Our work provides an opportunity for the study of geometric phases, leading to a variety of observations in light-driven topological phenomena and attosecond solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet J Uzan-Narovlansky
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Lior Faeyrman
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sergei Shames
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vladimir Narovlansky
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jiewen Xiao
- Department of Condensed Matter, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Talya Arusi-Parpar
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Kneller
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Barry D Bruner
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Ruska-Gebäude, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rui E F Silva
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Álvaro Jiménez-Galán
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Misha Ivanov
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nirit Dudovich
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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43
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Zerulla B, Beutel D, Holzer C, Fernandez-Corbaton I, Rockstuhl C, Krstić M. A Multi-Scale Approach to Simulate the Nonlinear Optical Response of Molecular Nanomaterials. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2311405. [PMID: 38009234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optics is essential for many recent photonic technologies. Here, a novel multi-scale approach is introduced to simulate the nonlinear optical response of molecular nanomaterials combining ab initio quantum-chemical and classical Maxwell-scattering computations. In this approach, the first hyperpolarizability tensor is computed with time-dependent density-functional theory and incorporated into a multi-scattering formalism that considers the optical interaction between neighboring molecules. Such incorporation is achieved by a novel object: the Hyper-Transition(T)-matrix. With this object at hand, the nonlinear optical response from single molecules and also from entire photonic devices can be computed, including the full tensorial and dispersive nature of the optical response of the molecules, as well as the optical interaction between different molecules as, for example, in the lattice of a molecular crystal. To demonstrate the applicability of the novel approach, the generation of a second-harmonic signal from a thin film of an Urea molecular crystal is computed and compared to more traditional simulations. Furthermore, an optical cavity is designed, which enhances the second-harmonic response of the molecular film up to more than two orders of magnitude. This approach is highly versatile and accurate and can be the working horse for the future exploration of nonlinear photonic molecular materials in structured photonic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zerulla
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ahmed S, Gan Y, Saleque AM, Wu H, Qiao J, Ivan MNAS, Hani SU, Alam TI, Wen Q, Tsang YH. 2D Semi-Metallic Hafnium Ditelluride: A Novel Nonlinear Optical Material for Ultrafast and Ultranarrow Photonics Applications. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300239. [PMID: 37356086 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
2D semi-metallic hafnium ditelluride material is used in several applications such as solar steam generation, gas sensing, and catalysis owing to its strong near-infrared absorbance, high sensitivity, and distinctive electronic structure. The zero-bandgap characteristics, along with the thermal and dynamic stability of 2D-HfTe2, make it a desirable choice for developing long-wavelength-range photonics devices. Herein, the HfTe2 -nanosheets are prepared using the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and their superior nonlinear optical properties are demonstrated by the obtained modulation depth of 11.9% (800 nm) and 6.35% (1560 nm), respectively. In addition, the observed transition from saturable to reverse saturable absorption indicates adaptability of the prepared material in nonlinear optics. By utilizing a side polished fiber-based HfTe2 -saturable absorber (SA) inside an Er-doped fiber laser cavity, a mode-locked laser with 724 fs pulse width and 56.63 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is realized for the first time. The generated laser with this SA has the second lowest mode-locking pump threshold (18.35 mW), among the other 2D material based-SAs, thus paving the way for future laser development with improved efficiency and reduced thermal impact. Finally, employing this HfTe2 -SA, a highly stable single-frequency fiber laser (SNR ≈ 74.56 dB; linewidth ≈ 1.268 kHz) is generated for the first time, indicating its promising ultranarrow photonic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safayet Ahmed
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yiyu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ahmed Mortuza Saleque
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Honglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junpeng Qiao
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Sumaiya Umme Hani
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tawsif Ibne Alam
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials Research Center, Photonics Research Institute, and Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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45
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Pogosian T, Ledoux-Rak I, Denisyuk I, Fokina M, Lai ND. Fabrication and Characterization of 2D Nonlinear Structures Based on DAST Nanocrystals and SU-8 Photoresist for Terahertz Application. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:203. [PMID: 38398931 PMCID: PMC10892937 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for the realization of highly nonlinear optical 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)- 1-methylpyridinium tosylate (DAST) two-dimensional structures by a double-step technique. The desired polymeric structures were first fabricated by using the multiple exposure of the two-beam interference technique, and the DAST nanoscrystals were then prepared inside the air-voids of these photoresist templates, resulting in nonlinear periodic structures. The nonlinear properties were characterized by optical and scanning microscopies, as well as by second-harmonic generation technique. This nonlinear modulation is very promising for the enhancement of nonlinear conversion rates, such as terahertz generation, by using the quasi-phase matching technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pogosian
- LuMIn, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.P.); (I.L.-R.)
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; (I.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Isabelle Ledoux-Rak
- LuMIn, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.P.); (I.L.-R.)
| | - Igor Denisyuk
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; (I.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Fokina
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; (I.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Ngoc Diep Lai
- LuMIn, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (T.P.); (I.L.-R.)
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46
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Luo W, Song R, Whetten BG, Huang D, Cheng X, Belyanin A, Jiang T, Raschke MB. Nonlinear Nano-Imaging of Interlayer Coupling in 2D Graphene-Semiconductor Heterostructures. Small 2024:e2307345. [PMID: 38279570 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The emergent electronic, spin, and other quantum properties of 2D heterostructures of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are controlled by the underlying interlayer coupling and associated charge and energy transfer dynamics. However, these processes are sensitive to interlayer distance and crystallographic orientation, which are in turn affected by defects, grain boundaries, or other nanoscale heterogeneities. This obfuscates the distinction between interlayer charge and energy transfer. Here, nanoscale imaging in coherent four-wave mixing (FWM) and incoherent two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) is combined with a tip distance-dependent coupled rate equation model to resolve the underlying intra- and inter-layer dynamics while avoiding the influence of structural heterogeneities in mono- to multi-layer graphene/WSe2 heterostructures. With selective insertion of hBN spacer layers, it is shown that energy, as opposed to charge transfer, dominates the interlayer-coupled optical response. From the distinct nano-FWM and -2PPL tip-sample distance-dependent modification of interlayer and intralayer relaxation by tip-induced enhancement and quenching, an interlayer energy transfer time ofτ ET ≈ ( 0 . 35 - 0.15 + 0.65 ) $\tau _{\rm ET} \approx (0.35^{+0.65}_{-0.15})$ ps consistent with recent reports is derived. As a local probe technique, this approach highlights the ability to determine intrinsic sample properties even in the presence of large sample heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Renkang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Benjamin G Whetten
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Di Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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47
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Wu J, Clementi M, Huang C, Ye F, Fu H, Lu L, Zhang S, Li Q, Brès CS. Thermo-optic epsilon-near-zero effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:794. [PMID: 38278795 PMCID: PMC10817958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) nanodevices featuring vanishing permittivity and CMOS-compatibility are attractive solutions for large-scale-integrated systems-on-chips. Such confined systems with unavoidable heat generation impose critical challenges for semiconductor-based ENZ performances. While their optical properties are temperature-sensitive, there is no systematic analysis on such crucial dependence. Here, we experimentally report the linear and nonlinear thermo-optic ENZ effects in indium tin oxide. We characterize its temperature-dependent optical properties with ENZ frequencies covering the telecommunication O-band, C-band, and 2-μm-band. Depending on the ENZ frequency, it exhibits an unprecedented 70-93-THz-broadband 660-955% enhancement over the conventional thermo-optic effect. The ENZ-induced fast-varying large group velocity dispersion up to 0.03-0.18 fs2nm-1 and its temperature dependence are also observed for the first time. Remarkably, the thermo-optic nonlinearity demonstrates a 1113-2866% enhancement, on par with its reported ENZ-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. Our work provides references for packaged ENZ-enabled photonic integrated circuit designs, as well as a new platform for nonlinear photonic applications and emulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Wu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL), STI-IEM, Station 11, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Clementi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL), STI-IEM, Station 11, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Chenxingyu Huang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Ye
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongyan Fu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Camille-Sophie Brès
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL), STI-IEM, Station 11, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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48
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Payne JE, Nyholm P, Beazer R, Eddy J, Stevenson H, Ferguson B, Schultz S, Nielson GN. Fabrication of high aspect ratio, non-line-of-sight vias in silicon carbide by a two-photon absorption method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2176. [PMID: 38273018 PMCID: PMC10810901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The future of Moore's Law for high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) is going to be driven more by advanced packaging and three-dimensional (3D) integration than by simply decreasing transistor size. 3D ICs offer low-power consumption, high-performance and a smaller footprint compared to conventional 2D ICs. The key enabling technology to 3D integration is the interposer that provides interconnects to route signals between the chiplets that comprise the IC. However, the fabrication of high-aspect ratio through wafer vias (TWVs), that provide electrical and mechanical connection between chiplets on the top and bottom of the interposer, is one of the important challenges that limit interposer performance. Current fabrication technologies are limited by tapering effects and the need for direct line of sight to the fabrication surface. These limit the possible aspect ratios of vias and require large, complicated surface traces to connect the vias to the chiplets. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of high-aspect ratio, non-line-of-sight TWVs in silicon carbide (SiC). SiC provides better mechanical, chemical, and thermal performance than silicon (Si). The technique uses an electro-chemical etch process that utilizes two-photon absorption to create any arbitrary 3D structure in SiC allowing for direct, subsurface routing between chiplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared E Payne
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Peter Nyholm
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ryan Beazer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Joseph Eddy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hunter Stevenson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Brad Ferguson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Stephen Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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49
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Refaie Ali A, Alam MN, Parven MW. Unveiling optical soliton solutions and bifurcation analysis in the space-time fractional Fokas-Lenells equation via SSE approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2000. [PMID: 38263356 PMCID: PMC10806098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The space-time fractional Fokas-Lenells (STFFL) equation serves as a fundamental mathematical model employed in telecommunications and transmission technology, elucidating the intricate dynamics of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers. This study employs the Sardar sub-equation (SSE) approach within the STFFL equation framework to explore uncharted territories, uncovering a myriad of optical soliton solutions (OSSs) and conducting a thorough analysis of their bifurcations. The discovered OSSs encompass a diverse array, including bright-dark, periodic, multiple bright-dark solitons, and various other types, forming a captivating spectrum. These solutions reveal an intricate interplay among bright-dark solitons, complex periodic sequences, rhythmic breathers, coexistence of multiple bright-dark solitons, alongside intriguing phenomena like kinks, anti-kinks, and dark-bell solitons. This exploration, built upon meticulous literature review, unveils previously undiscovered wave patterns within the dynamic framework of the STFFL equation, significantly expanding the theoretical understanding and paving the way for innovative applications. Utilizing 2D, contour, and 3D diagrams, we illustrate the influence of fractional and temporal parameters on these solutions. Furthermore, comprehensive 2D, 3D, contour, and bifurcation analysis diagrams scrutinize the nonlinear effects inherent in the STFFL equation. Employing a Hamiltonian function (HF) enables detailed phase-plane dynamics analysis, complemented by simulations conducted using Python and MAPLE software. The practical implications of the discovered OSS solutions extend to real-world physical events, underlining the efficacy and applicability of the SSE scheme in solving time-space nonlinear fractional differential equations (TSNLFDEs). Hence, it is crucial to acknowledge the SSE technique as a direct, efficient, and reliable numerical tool, illuminating precise outcomes in nonlinear comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Refaie Ali
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Md Nur Alam
- Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Wahida Parven
- Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh
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On MB, Ashtiani F, Sanchez-Jacome D, Perez-Lopez D, Yoo SJB, Blanco-Redondo A. Programmable integrated photonics for topological Hamiltonians. Nat Commun 2024; 15:629. [PMID: 38245535 PMCID: PMC10799881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of topological Hamiltonians have been demonstrated in photonic platforms, leading to fundamental discoveries and enhanced robustness in applications such as lasing, sensing, and quantum technologies. To date, each topological photonic platform implements a specific type of Hamiltonian with inexistent or limited reconfigurability. Here, we propose and demonstrate different topological models by using the same reprogrammable integrated photonics platform, consisting of a hexagonal mesh of silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometers with phase shifters. We specifically demonstrate a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian supporting a localized topological edge mode and a higher-order topological insulator based on a two-dimensional breathing Kagome Hamiltonian with three corner states. These results highlight a nearly universal platform for topological models that may fast-track research progress toward applications of topological photonics and other coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Berkay On
- Nokia Bell Labs, 600 Mountain Ave, New Providence, NJ, 07974, USA
- University of California Davis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Farshid Ashtiani
- Nokia Bell Labs, 600 Mountain Ave, New Providence, NJ, 07974, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Jacome
- iPronics Programmable Photonics, Avenida Blasco Ibanez 25, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Lopez
- iPronics Programmable Photonics, Avenida Blasco Ibanez 25, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S J Ben Yoo
- University of California Davis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrea Blanco-Redondo
- Nokia Bell Labs, 600 Mountain Ave, New Providence, NJ, 07974, USA.
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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