1
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Grignaffini F, Barbuto F, Troiano M, Piazzo L, Simeoni P, Mangini F, De Stefanis C, Onetti Muda A, Frezza F, Alisi A. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Liver Histopathology Field: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38396427 PMCID: PMC10887838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology (DP) has begun to play a key role in the evaluation of liver specimens. Recent studies have shown that a workflow that combines DP and artificial intelligence (AI) applied to histopathology has potential value in supporting the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction of liver diseases. Here, we provide a systematic review of the use of this workflow in the field of hepatology. Based on the PRISMA 2020 criteria, a search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase electronic databases was conducted, applying inclusion/exclusion filters. The articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers, who extracted the specifications and objectives of each study, the AI tools used, and the results obtained. From the 266 initial records identified, 25 eligible studies were selected, mainly conducted on human liver tissues. Most of the studies were performed using whole-slide imaging systems for imaging acquisition and applying different machine learning and deep learning methods for image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extractions, and classification. Of note, most of the studies selected demonstrated good performance as classifiers of liver histological images compared to pathologist annotations. Promising results to date bode well for the not-too-distant inclusion of these techniques in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Grignaffini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Barbuto
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Maurizio Troiano
- Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Piazzo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Patrizio Simeoni
- National Transport Authority (NTA), D02 WT20 Dublin, Ireland;
- Faculty of Lifelong Learning, South East Technological University (SETU), R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Cristiano De Stefanis
- Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (C.D.S.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (C.D.S.)
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2
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Statistics of modal condensation in nonlinear multimode fibers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1149. [PMID: 38326321 PMCID: PMC10850069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical pulses traveling through multimode optical fibers encounter the influence of both linear disturbances and nonlinearity, resulting in a complex and chaotic redistribution of power among different modes. In our research, we explore the phenomenon where multimode fibers reach stable states marked by the concentration of energy into both single and multiple sub-systems. We introduce a weighted Bose-Einstein law, demonstrating its suitability in describing thermalized modal power distributions in the nonlinear regime, as well as steady-state distributions in the linear regime. We apply the law to experimental results and numerical simulations. Our findings reveal that, at power levels situated between the linear and soliton regimes, energy concentration occurs locally within higher-order modal groups before transitioning to global concentration in the fundamental mode within the soliton regime. This research broadens the application of thermodynamic principles to multimode fibers, uncovering previously unexplored optical states that exhibit characteristics akin to optical glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy.
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universitá degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184, RM, Italy
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3
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Ferraro M, Mangini F, Zitelli M, Wabnitz S. On spatial beam self-cleaning from the perspective of optical wave thermalization in multimode graded-index fibers. Advances in Physics: X 2023; 8. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2228018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Calcaterra A, Simeoni P, Migliore MD, Mangini F, Frezza F. Optimized Leaky-Wave Antenna for Hyperthermia in Biological Tissue Theoretical Model. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8923. [PMID: 37960621 PMCID: PMC10649054 DOI: 10.3390/s23218923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we exploit the enhanced penetration reachable through inhomogeneous waves to induce hyperthermia in biological tissues. We will present a leaky-wave antenna inspired by the Menzel antenna which has been shortened through opportune design and optimizations and that has been designed to optimize the penetration at the interface with the skin, allowing penetration in the skin layer at a constant temperature, and enhanced penetration in the overall structure considered. Past papers both numerically and analytically demonstrated the possibility of reducing the attenuation that the electromagnetic waves are subject to when travelling inside a lossy medium by using inhomogeneous waves. In those papers, a structure (the leaky-wave antenna) is shown to allow the effect, but such a radiator suffers from low efficiency. Also, at the frequencies that are most used for hyperthermia application, a classical leaky-wave antenna would be too long; here is where the idea of the shortened leaky-wave arises. To numerically analyze the penetration in biological tissues, this paper considers a numerical prototype of a sample of flesh, composed of superficial skin layers, followed by fat and an undefined layer of muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Calcaterra
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Simeoni
- National Transport Authority (NTA), Harcourt Lane, D02 WT20 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marco Donald Migliore
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell’Informazione (DIEI) “Maurizio Scarano”, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 95123 Cassino, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, “La Sapienza”, University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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5
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Sun Y, Parra-Rivas P, Milián C, Kartashov YV, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Jauberteau R, Talenti FR, Wabnitz S. Robust Three-Dimensional High-Order Solitons and Breathers in Driven Dissipative Systems: A Kerr Cavity Realization. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:137201. [PMID: 37832004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a general approach to excite robust dissipative three-dimensional and high-order solitons and breathers in passively driven nonlinear cavities. Our findings are illustrated in the paradigmatic example provided by an optical Kerr cavity with diffraction and anomalous dispersion, with the addition of an attractive three-dimensional parabolic potential. The potential breaks the translational symmetry along all directions, and impacts the system in a qualitatively unexpected manner: three-dimensional solitons, or light bullets, are the only existing and stable states for a given set of parameters. This property is extremely rare, if not unknown, in passive nonlinear systems. As a result, the excitation of the cavity with any input field leads to the deterministic formation of a target soliton or breather, with a spatiotemporal profile that unambiguously corresponds to the given cavity and pumping conditions. In addition, the tuning of the potential width along the temporal direction results in the existence of a plethora of stable asymmetric solitons. Our results may provide a solid route toward the observation of dissipative light bullets and three-dimensional breathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Parra-Rivas
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Carles Milián
- Institut Universitari de Matemàtica Pura i Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Mario Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael Jauberteau
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco R Talenti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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6
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Mangini F, Bonaduce A, Chafik L, Raj R, Bertino L. Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15334. [PMID: 37714863 PMCID: PMC10504360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable sea-level observations in coastal regions are needed to assess the impact of sea level on coastal communities and ecosystems. This paper evaluates the ability of in-situ and remote sensing instruments to monitor and help explain the mass component of sea level along the coast of Norway. The general agreement between three different GRACE/GRACE-FO mascon solutions and a combination of satellite altimetry and hydrography gives us confidence to explore the mass component of sea level in coastal areas on intra-annual timescales. At first, the estimates reveal a large spatial-scale coherence of the sea-level mass component on the shelf, which agrees with Ekman theory. Then, they suggest a link between the mass component of sea level and the along-slope wind stress integrated along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic, which agrees with the theory of poleward propagating coastal trapped waves. These results highlight the potential of the sea-level mass component from GRACE and GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry and the hydrographic stations over the Norwegian shelf. Moreover, they indicate that GRACE and GRACE-FO can be used to monitor and understand the intra-annual variability of the mass component of sea level in the coastal ocean, especially where in-situ measurements are sparse or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mangini
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Antonio Bonaduce
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Léon Chafik
- Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roshin Raj
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laurent Bertino
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
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7
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Tonello A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. High-temperature wave thermalization spoils beam self-cleaning in nonlinear multimode GRIN fibers. Opt Lett 2023; 48:4741-4744. [PMID: 37707891 DOI: 10.1364/ol.497917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In our experiments, we reveal a so-far unnoticed power limitation of beam self-cleaning in graded-index nonlinear multimode optical fibers. As the optical pulse power is progressively increased, we observed that the initial Kerr-induced improvement of the spatial beam quality is eventually lost. Based on a holographic mode decomposition of the output field, we show that beam spoiling is associated with high-temperature wave thermalization, which depletes the fundamental mode in favor of a highly multimode power distribution.
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8
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Sun Y, Gervaziev M, Parra-Rivas P, Kharenko DS, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. Modal phase-locking in multimode nonlinear optical fibers. Opt Lett 2023; 48:3677-3680. [PMID: 37450723 DOI: 10.1364/ol.494543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial beam self-cleaning, a manifestation of the Kerr effect in graded-index multimode fibers, involves a nonlinear transfer of power among modes, which leads to robust bell-shaped output beams. The resulting mode power distribution can be described by statistical mechanics arguments. Although the spatial coherence of the output beam was experimentally demonstrated, there is no direct study of modal phase evolutions. Based on a holographic mode decomposition method, we reveal that nonlinear spatial phase-locking occurs between the fundamental and its neighboring low-order modes, in agreement with theoretical predictions. As such, our results dispel the current belief that the spatial beam self-cleaning effect is the mere result of a wave thermalization process.
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9
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Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Characterization of the Modal Distribution from Linear and Nonlinear Mode Coupling in Multimode Fibers. 2023 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2023. [DOI: 10.1109/icton59386.2023.10207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zitelli
- Università Degli Studi di Roma Sapienza,Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications,Rome,Italy,00184
| | - Mario Ferraro
- Università Degli Studi di Roma Sapienza,Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications,Rome,Italy,00184
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Università Degli Studi di Roma Sapienza,Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications,Rome,Italy,00184
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Università Degli Studi di Roma Sapienza,Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications,Rome,Italy,00184
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10
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Mazzilli R, Zamponi V, Mangini F, Olana S, Defeudis G, Faggiano A, Gianfrilli D. The effects of non-andrological medications on erectile dysfunction: a large single-center retrospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02011-9. [PMID: 36656432 PMCID: PMC9850328 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association among andrological diseases at the first outpatient visit and the medications taken by patients for other comorbidities, as well as the differential impact between specific medication and relative comorbidities. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective study based on subjects who referred to the Andrology Unit with a well-defined andrological diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 3752 subjects were studied (mean age ± DS 46.2 ± 16.5 years). A total of 19 categories of andrological diseases and 110 type of medications for other comorbidities were identified. ED was the most frequent andrological pathology at the first andrological examination (28.7%), followed by infertility (12.4%). The couple of variables that were statistically significant in the univariate association analysis (p < 0.001) were: ED and (a) antihypertensives; (b) antihyperglycemics; (c) lipids-lowering; (d) psychotropics. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses confirmed the association. All the related comorbidities were also significantly associated with the univariate analysis, and all remained significantly associated with multivariate analysis. A multivariate analysis was also conducted to analyze the association between ED and the following pairs of variables "DM-antihyperglycemics", "dyslipidemia-lipids-lowering", and "hypertension-antihypertensives". In all cases, the pathology, but not the specific treatment, was significantly associated with ED. CONCLUSION ED is significantly associated with antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, psychotropic drugs' intake. Anyway, ED appears to be more related to the diseases than to the specific therapies. The definitive cause/effect relationship should be established based on future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazzilli
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Zamponi
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - F Mangini
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - S Olana
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - G Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A Faggiano
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Endocrinology and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Sun Y, Parra-Rivas P, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Zitelli M, Jauberteau R, Rinaldo Talenti F, Wabnitz S. Dissipative Kerr solitons, breathers, and chimera states in coherently driven passive cavities with parabolic potential. Opt Lett 2022; 47:6353-6356. [PMID: 36538436 DOI: 10.1364/ol.472900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the stability and dynamics of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in the presence of a parabolic potential. This potential stabilizes oscillatory and chaotic regimes, favoring the generation of static DKSs. Furthermore, the potential induces the emergence of new dissipative structures, such as asymmetric breathers and chimera-like states. Based on a mode decomposition of these states, we unveil the underlying modal interactions.
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12
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Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Characterization of Multimode Soliton Self-Frequency Shift. J Lightwave Technol 2022; 40:7914-7921. [DOI: 10.1109/jlt.2022.3205846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Maugeri L, Jankovski A, Malucelli E, Mangini F, Vandeweerd JM, Gilloteaux J, De Swert K, Brun F, Begani Provinciali G, DiNuzzo M, Mittone A, Bravin A, Gigli G, Giove F, Cedola A, Nicaise C, Fratini M. Lesion extension and neuronal loss following spinal cord injury using X-ray phase-contrast tomography in mice. J Neurotrauma 2022; 40:939-951. [PMID: 36074949 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a spinal cord injury (SCI) the degree of functional (motor, autonomous or sensory) correlates with the severity of nervous tissue disruption. An imaging technique able to capture non-invasively and simultaneously the complex mechanisms of neuronal loss, vascular damages and perilesional tissue reorganization is currently lacking in experimental SCI studies. Synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast Tomography (SXPCT) has emerged as a non-destructive 3D neuroimaging technique with high contrast and spatial resolution. In this framework, we developed a multimodal approach combining SXPCT, histology and correlative methods to study neuro-vascular architecture in normal and C4-contused mouse spinal cords (C57BL/6J mice, age 2-3 months). The evolution of SCI lesion was imaged at the cell resolution level during the acute (30 minutes) and subacute (7 days) phases. Spared motor neurons were segmented and quantified in different volumes localized at and away from the epicenter. SXPCT was able to capture neuronal loss and blood-brain barrier breakdown following SCI. 3D quantification based on SXPCT acquisitions showed no additional motor neuron loss between 30 minutes and 7 days post-SCI. In addition, the analysis of hemorrhagic (at 30 minutes) and lesion (at 7 days) volumes revealed a high similarity in size, suggesting no extension of tissue degeneration between early and later time points. Moreover, glial scar borders were unevenly distributed, with rostral edges being the most extended. In conclusion, SXPCT capability to image at high-resolution cellular changes in 3D enables understanding the relationship between hemorrhagic events and nervous structure damages in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maugeri
- CNR NANOTEC, Lecce, Lecce, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Aleksandar Jankovski
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), NEUR division, Brussels, Walloon Brabant, Belgium.,Universite catholique de Louvain, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Walloon Brabant, Belgium;
| | - Emil Malucelli
- University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy;
| | | | | | - Jacques Gilloteaux
- Universite de Namur, URPhyM - NARILIS, Namur, Belgium.,St George's University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's, St George's, Grenada;
| | | | - Francesco Brun
- University of Trieste, Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy;
| | - Ginevra Begani Provinciali
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Sede di Roma , Rome, Italy.,Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquee, Palaiseau, Île-de-France, France;
| | | | - Alberto Mittone
- Consorcio para la Construccion Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain;
| | - Alberto Bravin
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Naturali, Dipartimento di Fisica U2 , Milano, Lombardia, Italy.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes , France;
| | | | - Federico Giove
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Sede di Roma , Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Michela Fratini
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Sede di Roma , Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, NEUROIMAGE, Roma, RM, Italy;
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14
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Podivilov EV, Mangini F, Sidelnikov OS, Ferraro M, Gervaziev M, Kharenko DS, Zitelli M, Fedoruk MP, Babin SA, Wabnitz S. Thermalization of Orbital Angular Momentum Beams in Multimode Optical Fibers. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:243901. [PMID: 35776459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.243901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the thermalization of light carrying orbital angular momentum in multimode optical fibers, induced by nonlinear intermodal interactions. A generalized Rayleigh-Jeans distribution of asymptotic mode composition is obtained, based on the conservation of the angular momentum. We confirm our predictions by numerical simulations and experiments based on holographic mode decomposition of multimode beams. Our work establishes new constraints for the achievement of spatial beam self-cleaning, giving previously unforeseen insights into the underlying physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Podivilov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - F Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - O S Sidelnikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - M Gervaziev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - D S Kharenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - M P Fedoruk
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S A Babin
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S Wabnitz
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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15
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Sun Y, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Parra-Rivas P, Wabnitz S. Multimode soliton collisions in graded-index optical fibers. Opt Express 2022; 30:21710-21724. [PMID: 36224884 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we unveil the unique complex dynamics of multimode soliton interactions in graded-index optical fibers through simulations and experiments. By generating two multimode solitons from the fission of an input femtosecond pulse, we examine the evolution of their Raman-induced red-shift when the input pulse energy grows larger. Remarkably, we find that the output red-shift of the trailing multimode soliton may be reduced, so that it accelerates until it collides with the leading multimode soliton. As a result of the inelastic collision, a significant energy transfer occurs between the two multimode solitons: the trailing soliton captures energy from the leading soliton, which ultimately enhances its red-shift, thus increasing temporal separation between the two multimode solitons.
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16
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Wehbi S, Mansuryan T, Krupa K, Fabert M, Tonello A, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Sun Y, Vergnole S, Kano H, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Continuous spatial self-cleaning in GRIN multimode fiber for self-referenced multiplex CARS imaging. Opt Express 2022; 30:16104-16114. [PMID: 36221462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how spatial beam self-cleaning and supercontinuum generation in graded-index multimode optical fibers can be directly applied in multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (M-CARS) spectroscopy. Although supercontinuum generation causes pump depletion mainly in the center of the beam, the partial recovery of the pump brightness due to self-cleaning may enable self-referenced M-CARS, with no additional delay lines to synchronize pump and Stokes waves. As a proof-of-principle, we report examples of imaging of single chemical compounds and polystyrene beads. The new scheme paves the way towards simpler M-CARS systems based on multimode fiber sources.
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Mansuryan T, Tonello A, Couderc V, De Luca A, Babin SA, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Helical plasma filaments from the self-channeling of intense femtosecond laser pulses in optical fibers: publisher's note. Opt Lett 2022; 47:1919. [PMID: 35363769 DOI: 10.1364/ol.457220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.47, 1 (2022)10.1364/OL.445321.
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18
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Mangini F, Gervaziev M, Ferraro M, Kharenko DS, Zitelli M, Sun Y, Couderc V, Podivilov EV, Babin SA, Wabnitz S. Statistical mechanics of beam self-cleaning in GRIN multimode optical fibers. Opt Express 2022; 30:10850-10865. [PMID: 35473042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its first demonstration in graded-index multimode fibers, spatial beam self-cleaning has attracted a growing research interest. It allows for the propagation of beams with a bell-shaped spatial profile, thus enabling the use of multimode fibers for several applications, from biomedical imaging to high-power beam delivery. So far, beam self-cleaning has been experimentally studied under several different experimental conditions. Whereas it has been theoretically described as the irreversible energy transfer from high-order modes towards the fundamental mode, in analogy with a beam condensation mechanism. Here, we provide a comprehensive theoretical description of beam self-cleaning, by means of a semi-classical statistical mechanics model of wave thermalization. This approach is confirmed by an extensive experimental characterization, based on a holographic mode decomposition technique, employing laser pulses with temporal durations ranging from femtoseconds up to nanoseconds. An excellent agreement between theory and experiments is found, which demonstrates that beam self-cleaning can be fully described in terms of the basic conservation laws of statistical mechanics.
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19
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Zitelli M, Sun Y, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Sidelnikov O, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. Multimode solitons in step-index fibers. Opt Express 2022; 30:6300-6310. [PMID: 35209570 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally generate multimode solitons in step-index fibers, where nonlinearity compensates for both chromatic and modal dispersion. These solitons are subject to Raman self-frequency shift, and their energy is gradually transfered to the fundamental fiber mode. We compare multimode soliton dynamics in both step-index and graded index fibers, in excellent agreement with numerical predictions.
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20
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Mansuryan T, Tonello A, Couderc V, De Luca A, Babin SA, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Helical plasma filaments from the self-channeling of intense femtosecond laser pulses in optical fibers. Opt Lett 2022; 47:1-4. [PMID: 34951867 DOI: 10.1364/ol.445321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically study the ignition of helical-shaped plasma filaments in standard optical fibers. Femtosecond pulses with megawatt peak power with proper off-axis and tilted coupling in the fiber core produce plasma skew rays. These last for distances as long as 1000 wavelengths thanks to a combination of linear waveguiding and the self-channeling effect. Peculiar is the case of graded-index multimode fibers; here the spatial self-imaging places constraints on the helix pitch. These results may find applications for fabricating fibers with helical-shaped core micro-structuration as well as for designing laser components and three-dimensional optical memories.
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21
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Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Mode-scrambling security using short pulses in multimode graded-index fiber. 2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT) 2021. [DOI: 10.23919/aeit53387.2021.9627028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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22
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Moussa NO, Mansuryan T, Hage CH, Fabert M, Krupa K, Tonello A, Ferraro M, Leggio L, Zitelli M, Mangini F, Niang A, Millot G, Papi M, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Spatiotemporal beam self-cleaning for high-resolution nonlinear fluorescence imaging with multimode fiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18240. [PMID: 34521869 PMCID: PMC8440782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beam self-cleaning (BSC) in graded-index (GRIN) multimode fibers (MMFs) has been recently reported by different research groups. Driven by the interplay between Kerr effect and beam self-imaging, BSC counteracts random mode coupling, and forces laser beams to recover a quasi-single mode profile at the output of GRIN fibers. Here we show that the associated self-induced spatiotemporal reshaping allows for improving the performances of nonlinear fluorescence (NF) microscopy and endoscopy using multimode optical fibers. We experimentally demonstrate that the beam brightness increase, induced by self-cleaning, enables two and three-photon imaging of biological samples with high spatial resolution. Temporal pulse shortening accompanying spatial beam clean-up enhances the output peak power, hence the efficiency of nonlinear imaging. We also show that spatiotemporal supercontinuum (SC) generation is well-suited for large-band NF imaging in visible and infrared domains. We substantiated our findings by multiphoton fluorescence imaging in both microscopy and endoscopy configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawell Ould Moussa
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Tigran Mansuryan
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Charles-Henri Hage
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.,ALPhANOV, Institut d'Optique d'Aquitaine, Rue François Mitterand, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Katarzyna Krupa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Tonello
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Mario Ferraro
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leggio
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Zitelli
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alioune Niang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guy Millot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICB, UMR CNRS 6303, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincent Couderc
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Ferraro M, Wabnitz S. Femtosecond soliton spatio-temporal properties in multimode GRIN fibers. 2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Ferraro M, Sidelnikov O, Wabnitz S. Conditions for walk-off soliton generation in a multimode fiber. Commun Phys 2021; 4:182. [DOI: 10.1038/s42005-021-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIt has been recently demonstrated that multimode solitons are unstable objects which evolve, in the range of hundreds of nonlinearity lengths, into stable single-mode solitons carried by the fundamental mode. We show experimentally and by numerical simulations that femtosecond multimode solitons composed by non-degenerate modes have unique properties: when propagating in graded-index fibers, their pulsewidth and energy do not depend on the input pulsewidth, but only on input coupling conditions and linear dispersive properties of the fiber, hence on their wavelength. Because of these properties, spatiotemporal solitons composed by non-degenerate modes with pulsewidths longer than a few hundreds of femtoseconds cannot be generated in graded-index fibers.
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Baccarelli P, Calcaterra A, Frezza F, Mangini F, Ricciardella N, Simeoni P, Tedeschi N. Verification of the electromagnetic deep-penetration effect in the real world. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15928. [PMID: 34354110 PMCID: PMC8342490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep penetration of electromagnetic waves into lossy media can be obtained by properly generating inhomogeneous waves. In this work, for the very first time, we demonstrate the physical implementation and the practical relevance of this phenomenon. A thorough numerical investigation of the deep-penetration effects has been performed by designing and comparing three distinct practical radiators, emitting either homogeneous or inhomogeneous waves. As concerns the latter kind, a typical Menzel microstrip antenna is first used to radiate improper leaky waves. Then, a completely new approach based on an optimized 3-D horn TEM antenna applied to a lossy prism is described, which may find applications even at optical frequencies. The effectiveness of the proposed radiators is measured using different algorithms to consider distinct aspects of the propagation in lossy media. We finally demonstrate that the deep penetration is possible, by extending the ideal and theoretical evidence to practical relevance, and discuss both achievements and limits obtained through numerical simulations on the designed antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baccarelli
- Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calcaterra
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184, Rome, Italy.,Elt Elettronica Group, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nicholas Ricciardella
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Simeoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184, Rome, Italy.,National Transport Authority, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Tedeschi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184, Rome, Italy
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Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Spatiotemporal Soliton Attractor in Multimode Graded-index Fibers. 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec52157.2021.9541844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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27
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Sidelnikov O, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Experimental observation of self-imaging in SMF-28 optical fibers. Opt Express 2021; 29:12625-12633. [PMID: 33985016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial self-imaging, consisting of the periodic replication of the optical transverse beam profile along the propagation direction, can be achieved in guided wave systems when all excited modes interfere in phase. We exploited material defects photoluminescence for directly visualizing self-imaging in a few-mode, nominal singlemode SMF-28 optical fiber. Visible luminescence was excited by intense femtosecond infrared pulses via multiphoton absorption processes. Our method permits us to determine the mode propagation constants and the cutoff wavelength of transverse fiber modes.
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Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Wabnitz S. Managing Self-Phase Modulation in Pseudo-Linear Multimodal and Monomodal Systems. J Lightwave Technol 2021; 39:1953-1960. [DOI: 10.1109/jlt.2020.3047155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Ferraro M, Sidelnikov O, Wabnitz S. Solving the mystery of the walk-off soliton.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-358197/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pioneering works on multimode fiber transmission [1,2], dated 40 years ago, predicted the existence of multimode solitons, providing conditions for the temporal trapping of the input optical modes to form a spatiotemporal soliton [3-5]. Only recently [6-8], multimode solitons were experimentally investigated in graded-index multimode fibers (GRIN), unveiling the complexity of a new, uncharted field. In our work, we experimentally and numerically investigated the propagation of ultrashort pulses over long distances of GRIN fiber. We discovered a new class of spatiotemporal solitons with surprising properties: basically single-mode, they cannot be described by the variational theory; their pulsewidth and energy are independent of the input pulse duration, and appear to depend only on the fiber dispersive parameters and, therefore, the wavelength. The new solitons are promising for the delivery of high-energy laser beams, for high-power spatiotemporal mode-locked multimode fiber lasers, and for high-bit rate
multimode fiber networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Mario Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome
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Leventoux Y, Granger G, Krupa K, Tonello A, Millot G, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Zitelli M, Wabnitz S, Février S, Couderc V. 3D time-domain beam mapping for studying nonlinear dynamics in multimode optical fibers. Opt Lett 2021; 46:66-69. [PMID: 33362017 DOI: 10.1364/ol.411868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of optical beam propagation in nonlinear multimode fibers requires the development of advanced measurement methods, capable of capturing the real-time evolution of beam images. We present a new space-time mapping technique, permitting the direct detection, with picosecond temporal resolution, of the intensity from repetitive laser pulses over a grid of spatial samples from a magnified image of the output beam. By using this time-resolved mapping, we provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first unambiguous experimental observation of instantaneous intrapulse nonlinear coupling processes among the modes of a graded index fiber.
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31
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Batool S, Nisar M, Mangini F, Frezza F, Fazio E. Scattering of Light from the Systemic Circulatory System. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1026. [PMID: 33266018 PMCID: PMC7760138 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many factors of methodological origin that influence the measurement of optical properties of the entire circulatory system which consists of blood as the basic component. The basic idea of this review article is to provide the optical properties of the circulatory system with all those factors of influence that have been employed in biomedical optics for different applications. We begin with the available optical properties, i.e., absorption, scattering and, reduced scattering coefficient, in general for any tissue inside the human body and prominent scattering theories (e.g., light, X-rays, neutrons) that are helpful in this regard. We have reviewed and compiled already available formulas and their respective available data for different human tissues for these optical properties. Then we have descended to the blood composition and to different scattering techniques available in the literature to study scattering and light propagation inside blood. We have reviewed both computational and theoretical scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Batool
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Mehwish Nisar
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (F.F.)
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 59, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Eugenio Fazio
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Hansson T, Tonello A, Mansuryan T, Mangini F, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Niang A, Crescenzi R, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Nonlinear beam self-imaging and self-focusing dynamics in a GRIN multimode optical fiber: theory and experiments. Opt Express 2020; 28:24005-24021. [PMID: 32752387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Beam self-imaging in nonlinear graded-index multimode optical fibers is of interest for many applications, such as implementing a fast saturable absorber mechanism in fiber lasers via multimode interference. We obtain a new exact solution for the nonlinear evolution of first and second order moments of a laser beam of arbitrary transverse shape carried by a graded-index multimode fiber. We have experimentally directly visualized the longitudinal evolution of beam self-imaging by means of femtosecond laser pulse propagation in both the anomalous and the normal dispersion regime of a standard telecom graded-index multimode optical fiber. Light scattering out of the fiber core via visible photo-luminescence emission permits us to directly measure the self-imaging period and the beam dynamics. Spatial shift and splitting of the self-imaging process under the action of self-focusing are also revealed.
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33
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Frezza F, Mangini F, Tedeschi N. Introduction to electromagnetic scattering, part II: tutorial. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2020; 37:1300-1315. [PMID: 32749265 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.381104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, some generalizations of electromagnetic scattering problems by elementary shapes are presented. In particular, the aim of the paper is to provide solutions to the scattering problem by multiple objects with simple shapes, either in concentric configuration or arbitrarily distributed in the space. The vector harmonics, representing the fields, and their properties are applied in order to solve five different problems: the electromagnetic scattering by an infinitely long circular stratified cylinder, by a multilayered sphere, by an ensemble of parallel cylinders, by an ensemble of multi-spheres, and ultimately by a sphere embedded in a circular cylinder. Numerical results in particularly important configurations are shown.
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Zitelli M, Mangini F, Ferraro M, Niang A, Kharenko D, Wabnitz S. High-energy soliton fission dynamics in multimode GRIN fiber. Opt Express 2020; 28:20473-20488. [PMID: 32680106 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The process of high-energy soliton fission is experimentally and numerically investigated in a graded-index multimode fiber. Fission dynamics is analyzed by comparing experimental observations and simulations. A novel nonlinear propagation regime is observed, where solitons produced by the fission have a nearly constant Raman wavelength shift and same pulse width over a wide range of soliton energies.
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Mangini F, DiNuzzo M, Maugeri L, Moraschi M, Mascali D, Cedola A, Frezza F, Giove F, Fratini M. Numerical simulation of the blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance signal using finite element method. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2020; 36:e3290. [PMID: 31808299 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), several computational approaches have been developed to examine the effect of the morphology and arrangement of blood vessels on the blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain. In the present work, we implemented the original Ogawa's model using a numerical simulation based on the finite element method (FEM) instead of the analytical models. In literature, there are different works using analytical methods to analyse the transverse relaxation rate ( R2∗ ), which BOLD signal is related to, modelling the vascular system with simple and canonical geometries such as an infinite cylinder model (ICM) or a set of cylinders. We applied the numerical simulation to the extravascular BOLD signal as a function of angular vessel distribution (perpendicular vs parallel to the static magnetic field) relevant for anatomical districts characterized by geometrical symmetries, such as spinal cord. Numerical simulations confirmed analytical results for the canonical ICM. Moreover, the perturbation to the magnetic field induced by blood deoxyhaemoglobin, as quantified assuming Brownian diffusion of water molecules around the vessel, revealed that vessels contribute the most to the variation of the R2∗ when they are preferentially perpendicular to the external magnetic field, regardless of their size. Our results indicate that the numerical simulation method is sensitive to the effects of different vascular geometry. This work highlights the opportunity to extend R2∗ simulations to realistic models of vasculature based on high-resolution anatomical images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mangini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro DiNuzzo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moraschi
- Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giove
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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Mangini F, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Kharenko D, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. High-energy spatiotemporal solitons in GRIN fiber. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. Observation of supercontinuum spiral emission in optical fibers. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024317003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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DiNuzzo M, Mascali D, Moraschi M, Bussu G, Maugeri L, Mangini F, Fratini M, Giove F. Brain Networks Underlying Eye's Pupil Dynamics. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:965. [PMID: 31619948 PMCID: PMC6759985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phasic changes in eye’s pupil diameter have been repeatedly observed during cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in mammals. Although pupil diameter is known to be associated with noradrenergic firing in the pontine Locus Coeruleus (LC), thus far the causal chain coupling spontaneous pupil dynamics to specific cortical brain networks remains unknown. In the present study, we acquired steady-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data combined with eye-tracking pupillometry from fifteen healthy subjects that were trained to maintain a constant attentional load. Regression analysis revealed widespread visual and sensorimotor BOLD-fMRI deactivations correlated with pupil diameter. Furthermore, we found BOLD-fMRI activations correlated with pupil diameter change rate within a set of brain regions known to be implicated in selective attention, salience, error-detection and decision-making. These regions included LC, thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), dorsal anterior cingulate and paracingulate cortex (dACC/PaCC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and right anterior insular cortex (rAIC). Granger-causality analysis performed on these regions yielded a complex pattern of interdependence, wherein LC and pupil dynamics were far apart in the network and separated by several cortical stages. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed the ubiquitous presence of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in the networks identified by the brain regions correlated to the pupil diameter change rate. No significant correlations were observed between pupil dynamics, regional activation and behavioral performance. Based on the involved brain regions, we speculate that pupil dynamics reflects brain processing implicated in changes between self- and environment-directed awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moraschi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bussu
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michela Fratini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,CNR Nanotec, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giove
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
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Dinia L, Mangini F, Marella MA, Frezza F. Parallelism between risk and perception of risk among caregivers during anesthesia delivery. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:3129-3141. [PMID: 31002162 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201904_17597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The paper examines the different perceptions of risk associated with anesthesia systems from the viewpoint of the product manufacturer and the caregiver. Only a little research has been done with regard to the impact of perception of risk on patient safety in anesthesia. The role of the manufacturer in mitigating the perception of risk will be central for the work. The risk will be examined as the probability of negative occurrences based on the Medical Device Reportable (MDR) events for 2016 and 2017 and it will be examined how the caregiver perceives and manages these risks when delivering anesthesia. Analysis of the manufacturer's public Medical Device Reportable events data will be performed in the US market and will represent the actual risk achieved; this review will provide a perspective on how the risk is perceived and managed by the caregiver when delivering anesthesia. The goals of the paper are to highlight how the role of the manufacturers can have an impact on the reduction of perception of risk, increasing patient safety, and showing how the perception of risk is usually magnified by the hospital personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinia
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Batool S, Bibi A, Frezza F, Mangini F. Benefits and hazards of electromagnetic waves, telecommunication, physical and biomedical: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:3121-3128. [PMID: 31002166 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201904_17596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on electromagnetic radiation (EMR): physical, biophysical, and telecommunication. The widespread application of EMR in modern technologies requires telecommunication and healthcare professionals to possess some knowledge of its physical and biological properties. In this review article, we will discuss biophysical principles of EMR, its interactions with living organisms and its application in clinical practices. We will discuss here beneficial as well as hazardous effects of EMR. We will also discuss the safety guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batool
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Mangini F, Muzi M, Frezza F. Numerical analysis of electromagnetic interactions by a cell during the mitosis phases. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2018; 34:e3110. [PMID: 29855163 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a numerical study of the interaction of an electromagnetic field with a biological cell in the different phases of mitosis is presented. In particular, the validity of the single-shell model during mitosis from a geometrical viewpoint has been considered. We consider the Jurkat cell for our analysis and model the content of the cell, composed by the nucleus and different organelles immersed in cytoplasm and delimited by the cell membrane, as a single material with appropriate electromagnetic properties derived by making use of effective medium approximation methods, i.e., we used a quasistatic approach to deal with the cell. To validate the model, a comparison between the original and 2 approximated geometry models is made and the results are in very good accordance. Subsequently, an analysis of the scattered field indicates that the most sensitive component to the mitosis phase is the one parallel to the segment joining the centers of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Muzi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
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Frezza F, Mangini F, Tedeschi N. Introduction to electromagnetic scattering: tutorial. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2018; 35:163-173. [PMID: 29328073 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an introduction to electromagnetic scattering is presented. We introduce the basic concepts needed to face a scattering problem, including the scattering, absorption, and extinction cross sections. We define the vector harmonics and we present some of their properties. Finally, we tackle the two canonical problems of the scattering by an infinitely long circular cylinder, and by a sphere, showing that the introduction of the vector wave function makes the imposition and solution of the boundary conditions particularly simple.
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Mangini F, Tedeschi N. Scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a sphere embedded in a cylinder. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2017; 34:760-769. [PMID: 28463320 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we face the problem of the scattering of a plane wave by a sphere embedded in an infinitely long circular cylinder. The problems of scattering by both a sphere and a cylinder are canonical problems in optics. However, the scattering problems involving different objects with different geometries have not been solved analytically in the literature: only asymptotic or approximated solutions are available. The problem of scattering by cylinders and spheres concurrently present can be of great importance in several areas, from optical microscopy to biomedical applications, and from metamaterials to civil engineering applications. To solve the problem, the incident wave is expressed as a superposition of cylindrical harmonics. The scattered wave by the cylinder, being a cylindrical wave as well, has been expressed as a superposition of spherical harmonics in order to take into account the interaction with the sphere. The theoretical procedure returns a linear system of equations for the computation of the unknown coefficients of the series. A numerical code is presented to compute the scattered field, where a suitable truncation criterion for the series expansions has been proposed. Comparisons with a finite-element method have been presented to validate the results.
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Frezza F, Mangini F. Electromagnetic scattering by a buried sphere in a lossy medium of an inhomogeneous plane wave at arbitrary incidence: spectral-domain method. J Opt Soc Am A 2016; 33:947-953. [PMID: 27140892 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous theoretical treatment to analyze the electromagnetic scattering of an inhomogeneous elliptically polarized plane wave by a sphere buried in a lossy half-space is presented. To consider the losses in the media an inhomogeneous plane wave is considered. The incident and the scattered electric field components are expanded in series of vectorial spherical harmonics using the Legendre functions generalized via hypergeometrical and gamma functions, with unknown expansion coefficients. The spectral-domain method to represent the scattered electric field is used in order to compute the scattered-reflected and scattered-transmitted fields, considering the reflection and transmission of each elementary plane wave by the interface. Finally, the unknown coefficients of the scattered field are computed by imposing the boundary condition on the spherical surface. In order to validate the model, a homemade code has been implemented. Comparisons with the simulations performed with a commercial software and the results in the literature are presented.
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Frezza F, Mangini F. Vectorial spherical-harmonics representation of an inhomogeneous elliptically polarized plane wave. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2015; 32:1379-1383. [PMID: 26367169 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a generalization of the vectorial spherical-harmonics expansion of an inhomogeneous elliptically polarized plane wave is presented. The solution has been achieved using the Legendre functions generalized via hypergeometric and gamma functions, shifting the difficulty to the determination of only expansion coefficients. In order to validate the presented method, a Matlab code has been implemented. To compare the results a Mie scattering by a sphere is considered, then a truncation criterion for the numerical evaluation of the series is proposed, and the Mie scattering coefficients by perfectly conducting and dielectric spheres excited by an inhomogeneous elliptically polarized plane wave are shown.
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Frezza F, Mangini F, Tedeschi N. Electromagnetic scattering by two concentric spheres buried in a stratified material. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2015; 32:277-286. [PMID: 26366600 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a rigorous method to analyze the electromagnetic scattering of an elliptically polarized plane wave by two concentric spheres buried in a dielectric stratified medium is presented. The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the stratified material is taken into account by means of the transfer matrix approach, in this way we can consider the stratified medium as an effective single interface. All the electromagnetic fields are expanded in series of spherical vector harmonics. The transmitted field through the stratified medium is obtained by means of the effective transmission coefficient. This field is scattered by the two concentric spheres, and the scattered field interacts again with the stratified material. The scattered-reflected and scattered-transmitted fields by the layered medium are computed by exploiting the plane-wave spectrum of the scattered field, considering the reflection and transmission of each elementary plane wave by the effective interface. The boundary conditions imposition on the spheres' surfaces leads to a linear system that returns the unknown coefficients of the problem. A numerical code has been implemented to compute the field over all the space. In order to compute the scattered fields, a truncation criterion has been proposed for the numerical evaluation of the series. Finally, to validate the presented method, comparisons between the results of the proposed code and the results of simulations with a software based on the finite element method have been implemented, showing very good agreement.
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Mangini F, Tedeschi N, Frezza F, Sihvola A. Analysis of the polarizability of an array of spherical metallic inclusions in a dielectric host sphere. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2014; 31:2409-2414. [PMID: 25401352 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The polarizability of an array of metallic spheres embedded in a dielectric host sphere is obtained by means of a quasi-static analysis of the electromagnetic interaction. The proposed model is validated through comparisons with the results obtained with software based on the finite element method. A parametric study of the polarizability as a function of the number of inclusions, their radii, and their positions is presented. An analysis of the plasmon resonances of the particle as a function of the same parameters is performed.
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Mangini F, Tedeschi N, Frezza F, Sihvola A. Electromagnetic interaction with two eccentric spheres. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2014; 31:783-789. [PMID: 24695140 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the interaction of an electromagnetic field with two eccentric spheres. We propose a quasi-static approach in order to calculate the scattered field and the polarizability and the effective permittivity of the eccentric spheres. We analyze the behavior of the scattering parameters as a function of the dimension and position of the spherical inclusions. Moreover, we consider the case of plasmonic spheres and study the behavior of the plasmon resonances for different reciprocal positions of the two spheres.
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Frezza F, Mangini F, Pajewski L, Schettini G, Tedeschi N. Spectral domain method for the electromagnetic scattering by a buried sphere. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2013; 30:783-790. [PMID: 23595340 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.30.000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous method to analyze the electromagnetic scattering of an elliptically polarized plane wave by a sphere buried in a dielectric half-space, is presented. The electric field components of the incident and the scattered monochromatic plane waves are expanded in series of vectorial spherical harmonics, with unknown expansion coefficients. The scattered-reflected and scattered-transmitted fields are computed by exploiting the plane-wave spectrum of the scattered field, considering the reflection and transmission of each elementary plane wave by the interface. The boundary-condition imposition leads to a linear system that returns the unknown coefficients of the scattered field. To achieve a numerical solution, a code has been implemented, and a truncation criterion for the involved series has been proposed. Comparisons with the literature and simulations performed with a commercial software are presented. A generalization of the method to the case of a short pulse scattered by a buried sphere is presented, taking into account the dispersive properties of the involved media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Frezza
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University of Rome, Roma 00184, Italy
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Buonavoglia A, Latronico F, Greco MF, D’Abramo M, Marinaro M, Mangini F, Corrente M. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci carriage in the oral cavity: a study conducted in Bari (Italy). Oral Dis 2010; 16:465-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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