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Podivilov EV, Mangini F, Sidelnikov OS, Ferraro M, Gervaziev M, Kharenko DS, Zitelli M, Fedoruk MP, Babin SA, Wabnitz S. Thermalization of Orbital Angular Momentum Beams in Multimode Optical Fibers. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:243901. [PMID: 35776459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.243901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the thermalization of light carrying orbital angular momentum in multimode optical fibers, induced by nonlinear intermodal interactions. A generalized Rayleigh-Jeans distribution of asymptotic mode composition is obtained, based on the conservation of the angular momentum. We confirm our predictions by numerical simulations and experiments based on holographic mode decomposition of multimode beams. Our work establishes new constraints for the achievement of spatial beam self-cleaning, giving previously unforeseen insights into the underlying physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Podivilov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - F Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - O S Sidelnikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - M Gervaziev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - D S Kharenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M Zitelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - M P Fedoruk
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S A Babin
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 1 academician Koptyug avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S Wabnitz
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Wehbi S, Mansuryan T, Krupa K, Fabert M, Tonello A, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Sun Y, Vergnole S, Kano H, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Continuous spatial self-cleaning in GRIN multimode fiber for self-referenced multiplex CARS imaging. Opt Express 2022; 30:16104-16114. [PMID: 36221462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how spatial beam self-cleaning and supercontinuum generation in graded-index multimode optical fibers can be directly applied in multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (M-CARS) spectroscopy. Although supercontinuum generation causes pump depletion mainly in the center of the beam, the partial recovery of the pump brightness due to self-cleaning may enable self-referenced M-CARS, with no additional delay lines to synchronize pump and Stokes waves. As a proof-of-principle, we report examples of imaging of single chemical compounds and polystyrene beads. The new scheme paves the way towards simpler M-CARS systems based on multimode fiber sources.
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Mansuryan T, Tonello A, Couderc V, De Luca A, Babin SA, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Helical plasma filaments from the self-channeling of intense femtosecond laser pulses in optical fibers: publisher's note. Opt Lett 2022; 47:1919. [PMID: 35363769 DOI: 10.1364/ol.457220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.47, 1 (2022)10.1364/OL.445321.
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Mangini F, Gervaziev M, Ferraro M, Kharenko DS, Zitelli M, Sun Y, Couderc V, Podivilov EV, Babin SA, Wabnitz S. Statistical mechanics of beam self-cleaning in GRIN multimode optical fibers. Opt Express 2022; 30:10850-10865. [PMID: 35473042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its first demonstration in graded-index multimode fibers, spatial beam self-cleaning has attracted a growing research interest. It allows for the propagation of beams with a bell-shaped spatial profile, thus enabling the use of multimode fibers for several applications, from biomedical imaging to high-power beam delivery. So far, beam self-cleaning has been experimentally studied under several different experimental conditions. Whereas it has been theoretically described as the irreversible energy transfer from high-order modes towards the fundamental mode, in analogy with a beam condensation mechanism. Here, we provide a comprehensive theoretical description of beam self-cleaning, by means of a semi-classical statistical mechanics model of wave thermalization. This approach is confirmed by an extensive experimental characterization, based on a holographic mode decomposition technique, employing laser pulses with temporal durations ranging from femtoseconds up to nanoseconds. An excellent agreement between theory and experiments is found, which demonstrates that beam self-cleaning can be fully described in terms of the basic conservation laws of statistical mechanics.
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Mansuryan T, Tonello A, Couderc V, De Luca A, Babin SA, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Helical plasma filaments from the self-channeling of intense femtosecond laser pulses in optical fibers. Opt Lett 2022; 47:1-4. [PMID: 34951867 DOI: 10.1364/ol.445321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically study the ignition of helical-shaped plasma filaments in standard optical fibers. Femtosecond pulses with megawatt peak power with proper off-axis and tilted coupling in the fiber core produce plasma skew rays. These last for distances as long as 1000 wavelengths thanks to a combination of linear waveguiding and the self-channeling effect. Peculiar is the case of graded-index multimode fibers; here the spatial self-imaging places constraints on the helix pitch. These results may find applications for fabricating fibers with helical-shaped core micro-structuration as well as for designing laser components and three-dimensional optical memories.
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Sidelnikov O, Frezza F, Wabnitz S. Experimental observation of self-imaging in SMF-28 optical fibers. Opt Express 2021; 29:12625-12633. [PMID: 33985016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial self-imaging, consisting of the periodic replication of the optical transverse beam profile along the propagation direction, can be achieved in guided wave systems when all excited modes interfere in phase. We exploited material defects photoluminescence for directly visualizing self-imaging in a few-mode, nominal singlemode SMF-28 optical fiber. Visible luminescence was excited by intense femtosecond infrared pulses via multiphoton absorption processes. Our method permits us to determine the mode propagation constants and the cutoff wavelength of transverse fiber modes.
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Leventoux Y, Granger G, Krupa K, Tonello A, Millot G, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Zitelli M, Wabnitz S, Février S, Couderc V. 3D time-domain beam mapping for studying nonlinear dynamics in multimode optical fibers. Opt Lett 2021; 46:66-69. [PMID: 33362017 DOI: 10.1364/ol.411868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of optical beam propagation in nonlinear multimode fibers requires the development of advanced measurement methods, capable of capturing the real-time evolution of beam images. We present a new space-time mapping technique, permitting the direct detection, with picosecond temporal resolution, of the intensity from repetitive laser pulses over a grid of spatial samples from a magnified image of the output beam. By using this time-resolved mapping, we provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first unambiguous experimental observation of instantaneous intrapulse nonlinear coupling processes among the modes of a graded index fiber.
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Mangini F, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Kharenko D, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. High-energy spatiotemporal solitons in GRIN fiber. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mangini F, Ferraro M, Zitelli M, Niang A, Tonello A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. Observation of supercontinuum spiral emission in optical fibers. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024317003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zitelli M. Nonimaging optical concentrators using graded-index dielectric. Appl Opt 2014; 53:2256-2266. [PMID: 24787188 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of inhomogeneous nonimaging optical concentrators is proposed, able to achieve simultaneously high optical efficiency and acceptance solid angle at a given geometrical concentration factor. General design methods are given, and concentrators are numerically investigated and optimized.
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Zitelli M, Matera F, Settembre M. 40-Gbits transmission in dispersion-management links with step-index fiber and linear compensation. Opt Lett 1999; 24:1169-1171. [PMID: 18073975 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of single-channel transmission in standard fibers with strong dispersion management and linear compensating devices was theoretically and numerically analyzed. We compared a single pulse and a pseudorandom sequence to highlight the relevant roles played by nonlinearity-induced spectrum distortion and pulse interaction. As a result, 40/Gbit/s transmission on an 1800-km dispersion-management link with 100-km spans of standard fiber was obtained.
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