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Sader L, Bose S, Kashi AK, Boussafa Y, Haldar R, Dauliat R, Roy P, Fabert M, Tonello A, Couderc V, Kues M, Wetzel B. Single-Photon Level Dispersive Fourier Transform: Ultrasensitive Characterization of Noise-Driven Nonlinear Dynamics. ACS Photonics 2023; 10:3915-3928. [PMID: 38027249 PMCID: PMC10655252 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Dispersive Fourier transform is a characterization technique that allows directly extracting an optical spectrum from a time domain signal, thus providing access to real-time characterization of the signal spectrum. However, these techniques suffer from sensitivity and dynamic range limitations, hampering their use for special applications in, e.g., high-contrast characterizations and sensing. Here, we report on a novel approach to dispersive Fourier transform-based characterization using single-photon detectors. In particular, we experimentally develop this approach by leveraging mutual information analysis for signal processing and hold a performance comparison with standard dispersive Fourier transform detection and statistical tools. We apply the comparison to the analysis of noise-driven nonlinear dynamics arising from well-known modulation instability processes. We demonstrate that with this dispersive Fourier transform approach, mutual information metrics allow for successfully gaining insight into the fluctuations associated with modulation instability-induced spectral broadening, providing qualitatively similar signatures compared to ultrafast photodetector-based dispersive Fourier transform but with improved signal quality and spectral resolution (down to 53 pm). The technique presents an intrinsically unlimited dynamic range and is extremely sensitive, with a sensitivity reaching below the femtowatt (typically 4 orders of magnitude better than ultrafast dispersive Fourier transform detection). We show that this method can not only be implemented to gain insight into noise-driven (spontaneous) frequency conversion processes but also be leveraged to characterize incoherent dynamics seeded by weak coherent optical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Sader
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Surajit Bose
- Institute
of Photonics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anahita Khodadad Kashi
- Institute
of Photonics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yassin Boussafa
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Raktim Haldar
- Institute
of Photonics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Romain Dauliat
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Roy
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Alessandro Tonello
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Couderc
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Michael Kues
- Institute
of Photonics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wetzel
- Xlim
Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université
de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
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2
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Wehbi S, Mansuryan T, Krupa K, Fabert M, Tonello A, Zitelli M, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Sun Y, Vergnole S, Kano H, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Continuous spatial self-cleaning in GRIN multimode fiber for self-referenced multiplex CARS imaging. Opt Express 2022; 30:16104-16114. [PMID: 36221462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how spatial beam self-cleaning and supercontinuum generation in graded-index multimode optical fibers can be directly applied in multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (M-CARS) spectroscopy. Although supercontinuum generation causes pump depletion mainly in the center of the beam, the partial recovery of the pump brightness due to self-cleaning may enable self-referenced M-CARS, with no additional delay lines to synchronize pump and Stokes waves. As a proof-of-principle, we report examples of imaging of single chemical compounds and polystyrene beads. The new scheme paves the way towards simpler M-CARS systems based on multimode fiber sources.
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3
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Moussa NO, Mansuryan T, Hage CH, Fabert M, Krupa K, Tonello A, Ferraro M, Leggio L, Zitelli M, Mangini F, Niang A, Millot G, Papi M, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Spatiotemporal beam self-cleaning for high-resolution nonlinear fluorescence imaging with multimode fiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18240. [PMID: 34521869 PMCID: PMC8440782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beam self-cleaning (BSC) in graded-index (GRIN) multimode fibers (MMFs) has been recently reported by different research groups. Driven by the interplay between Kerr effect and beam self-imaging, BSC counteracts random mode coupling, and forces laser beams to recover a quasi-single mode profile at the output of GRIN fibers. Here we show that the associated self-induced spatiotemporal reshaping allows for improving the performances of nonlinear fluorescence (NF) microscopy and endoscopy using multimode optical fibers. We experimentally demonstrate that the beam brightness increase, induced by self-cleaning, enables two and three-photon imaging of biological samples with high spatial resolution. Temporal pulse shortening accompanying spatial beam clean-up enhances the output peak power, hence the efficiency of nonlinear imaging. We also show that spatiotemporal supercontinuum (SC) generation is well-suited for large-band NF imaging in visible and infrared domains. We substantiated our findings by multiphoton fluorescence imaging in both microscopy and endoscopy configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawell Ould Moussa
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Tigran Mansuryan
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Charles-Henri Hage
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.,ALPhANOV, Institut d'Optique d'Aquitaine, Rue François Mitterand, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Katarzyna Krupa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Tonello
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Mario Ferraro
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leggio
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Zitelli
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alioune Niang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guy Millot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICB, UMR CNRS 6303, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078, Dijon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincent Couderc
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
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4
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Leventoux Y, Granger G, Krupa K, Mansuryan T, Fabert M, Tonello A, Wabnitz S, Couderc V, Février S. Frequency-resolved spatial beam mapping in multimode fibers: application to mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. Opt Lett 2021; 46:3717-3720. [PMID: 34329264 DOI: 10.1364/ol.428623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, spatial-spectral mapping technique permitting measurement of the beam intensity at the output of a graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF) with sub-nanometric spectral resolution. We apply this method to visualize the fine structure of the beam shape of a sideband generated at 1870 nm by geometric parametric instability (GPI) in a GIMF. After spatial-spectral characterization, we amplify the GPI sideband with a thulium-doped fiber amplifier to obtain a microjoule-scale picosecond pump whose spectrum is finally broadened in a segment of InF3 optical fiber to achieve a supercontinuum ranging from 1.7 up to 3.4 µm.
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5
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Buckley C, Fabert M, Kinet D, Kucikas V, Pagnoux D. Design of an endomicroscope including a resonant fiber-based microprobe dedicated to endoscopic polarimetric imaging for medical diagnosis. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:7032-7052. [PMID: 33408978 PMCID: PMC7747912 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel endomicroscope, to the best of our knowledge, designed for achieving full 4×4 Mueller polarimetric images of biological tissues through a fiber endoscope for medical diagnosis. The polarimetric technique is based on a previously published two-wavelength differential method (TWDM). A key component of the endomicroscope is a resonant fiber-based microprobe including a highly-selective fiber Bragg grating (FBG), free of detrimental polarimetric effects, photo written in the core of the fiber, near the output face. By means of the TWDM, and using the specially designed microprobe (diameter 2.9 mm, length 30 mm), full Mueller images of 250×250 pixels were produced at the rate of 1 image/2 s through a 2 m single mode fiber, paving the way to in vivo applications in polarimetric endomicroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colman Buckley
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Damien Kinet
- University of Mons, Faculté Polytechnique, Bd Dolez 31, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Vytautas Kucikas
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominique Pagnoux
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
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6
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Leventoux Y, Parriaux A, Sidelnikov O, Granger G, Jossent M, Lavoute L, Gaponov D, Fabert M, Tonello A, Krupa K, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Kermene V, Millot G, Février S, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Highly efficient few-mode spatial beam self-cleaning at 1.5µm. Opt Express 2020; 28:14333-14344. [PMID: 32403474 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that spatial beam self-cleaning can be highly efficient when obtained with a few-mode excitation in graded-index multimode optical fibers. By using 160 ps long, highly chirped (6 nm bandwidth at -3dB) optical pulses at 1562 nm, we demonstrate a one-decade reduction of the power threshold for spatial beam self-cleaning, with respect to previous experiments using pulses with laser wavelengths at 1030-1064 nm. Self-cleaned beams remain spatio-temporally stable for more than a decade of their peak power variation. The impact of input pulse temporal duration is also studied.
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7
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Niang A, Mansuryan T, Krupa K, Tonello A, Fabert M, Leproux P, Modotto D, Egorova ON, Levchenko AE, Lipatov DS, Semjonov SL, Millot G, Couderc V, Wabnitz S. Spatial beam self-cleaning and supercontinuum generation with Yb-doped multimode graded-index fiber taper based on accelerating self-imaging and dissipative landscape. Opt Express 2019; 27:24018-24028. [PMID: 31510297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate spatial beam self-cleaning and supercontinuum generation in a tapered Ytterbium-doped multimode optical fiber with parabolic core refractive index profile when 1064 nm pulsed beams propagate from wider (122 µm) into smaller (37 µm) diameter. In the passive mode, increasing the input beam peak power above 20 kW leads to a bell-shaped output beam profile. In the active configuration, gain from the pump laser diode permits to combine beam self-cleaning with supercontinuum generation between 520-2600 nm. By taper cut-back, we observed that the dissipative landscape, i.e., a non-monotonic variation of the average beam power along the MMF, leads to modal transitions of self-cleaned beams along the taper length.
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8
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Deliancourt E, Fabert M, Tonello A, Krupa K, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Kermene V, Millot G, Barthélémy A, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Wavefront shaping for optimized many-mode Kerr beam self-cleaning in graded-index multimode fiber. Opt Express 2019; 27:17311-17321. [PMID: 31252943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental results, showing that the Kerr beam self-cleaning of many low-order modes in a graded-index multimode fiber can be controlled thanks to optimized wavefront shaping of the coherent excitation beam. Adaptive profiling of the transverse input phase was utilized for channeling the launched power towards a specific low-order fiber mode, by exploiting nonlinear coupling among all guided modes. Experiments were carried out with 7 ps pulses at 1064 nm injected in a five meters long multimode fiber operating in the normal dispersion regime. Optimized Kerr beam self-cleaning of five different LP modes is reported, with a power threshold that increases with the mode order.
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9
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Hage CH, Leclerc P, Fabert M, Bardet SM, Brevier J, Ducourthial G, Mansuryan T, Leray A, Kudlinski A, Louradour F. A readily usable two-photon fluorescence lifetime microendoscope. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800276. [PMID: 30548419 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A two-photon fluorescence lifetime (2P-FLIM) microendoscope, capable of energetic metabolism imaging through the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) autofluorescence, at sub-cellular resolution, is demonstrated. It exhibits readily usable characteristics such as convenient endoscope probe diameter (≈2 mm), fiber length (>5 m) and data accumulation rate (16 frames per second (fps)), leading to a FLIM refreshing rate of ≈0.1 to 1 fps depending on the sample. The spiral scanning image formation does not influence the instrument response function (IRF) characteristics of the system. Near table-top microscope performances are achieved through a comprehensive system including a home-designed spectro-temporal pulse shaper and a custom air-silica double-clad photonic crystal fiber, which enables to reach up to 40 mW of ≈100 fs pulses @ 760 nm with a 80 MHz repetition rate. A GRadient INdex (GRIN) lens provides a lateral resolution of 0.67 μm at the focus of the fiber probe. Intracellular NADH fluorescence lifetime data are finally acquired on cultured cells at 16 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Hage
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Leclerc
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Sylvia M Bardet
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Julien Brevier
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | | | - Tigran Mansuryan
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Aymeric Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Kudlinski
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Louradour
- Université de Limoges, XLIM - Pôle Photonique, UMR CNRS 7252, Limoges, France
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10
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Krupa K, Garmendia Castañeda G, Tonello A, Niang A, Kharenko DS, Fabert M, Couderc V, Millot G, Minoni U, Modotto D, Wabnitz S. Nonlinear polarization dynamics of Kerr beam self-cleaning in a graded-index multimode optical fiber. Opt Lett 2019; 44:171-174. [PMID: 30645577 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study polarization dynamics of Kerr beam self-cleaning in a graded-index multimode optical fiber. We show that spatial beam cleaning is accompanied by nonlinear polarization rotation and a significant increase of the degree of linear polarization.
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11
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Dupiol R, Krupa K, Tonello A, Fabert M, Modotto D, Wabnitz S, Millot G, Couderc V. Interplay of Kerr and Raman beam cleaning with a multimode microstructure fiber. Opt Lett 2018; 43:587-590. [PMID: 29400847 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the competition between Kerr beam self-cleaning and Raman beam cleanup in a multimode air-silica microstructure optical fiber. Kerr beam self-cleaning of the pump is observed for a certain range of input powers only. Stokes Raman beam generation and cleanup lead to both depletion and degradation of beam quality for the pump. The interplay of modal four-wave mixing and Raman scattering in the infrared domain leads to the generation of a multimode supercontinuum ranging from 500 nm up to 1800 nm.
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12
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Lombardini A, Mytskaniuk V, Sivankutty S, Andresen ER, Chen X, Wenger J, Fabert M, Joly N, Louradour F, Kudlinski A, Rigneault H. High-resolution multimodal flexible coherent Raman endoscope. Light Sci Appl 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 30839624 PMCID: PMC6107025 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy is a fast, label-free, and chemically specific imaging technique that shows high potential for future in vivo optical histology. However, the imaging depth in tissues is limited to the sub-millimeter range because of absorption and scattering. Realization of coherent Raman imaging using a fiber endoscope system is a crucial step towards imaging deep inside living tissues and providing information that is inaccessible with current microscopy tools. Until now, the development of coherent Raman endoscopy has been hampered by several issues, mainly related to the fiber delivery of the excitation pulses and signal collection. Here, we present a flexible, compact, coherent Raman, and multimodal nonlinear endoscope (4.2 mm outer diameter, 71 mm rigid length) based on a resonantly scanned hollow-core Kagomé-lattice double-clad fiber. The fiber design enables distortion-less, background-free delivery of femtosecond excitation pulses and back-collection of nonlinear signals through the same fiber. Sub-micrometer spatial resolution over a large field of view is obtained by combination of a miniature objective lens with a silica microsphere lens inserted into the fiber core. We demonstrate high-resolution, high-contrast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation endoscopic imaging of biological tissues over a field of view of 320 µm at a rate of 0.8 frames per second. These results pave the way for intraoperative label-free imaging applied to real-time histopathology diagnosis and surgery guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lombardini
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Vasyl Mytskaniuk
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Siddharth Sivankutty
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Esben Ravn Andresen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, UMR 8523, CNRS, Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Kudlinski
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, UMR 8523, CNRS, Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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13
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Hage CH, Leclerc P, Brevier J, Fabert M, Le Nézet C, Kudlinski A, Héliot L, Louradour F. Towards two-photon excited endogenous fluorescence lifetime imaging microendoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:142-156. [PMID: 29359093 PMCID: PMC5772571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in an endoscopic configuration of the endogenous biomarker nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has a great potential for malignant tissue diagnosis. Moreover, two-photon nonlinear excitation provides intrinsic optical sectioning along with enhanced imaging depth. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, nonlinear endogenous FLIM in a fibered microscope with proximal detection, applied to NADH in cultured cells, as a first step to a nonlinear endomicroscope, using a double-clad microstructured fiber with convenient fiber length (> 3 m) and excitation pulse duration (≈50 fs). Fluorescence photons are collected by the fiber inner cladding and we show that its contribution to the impulse response function (IRF), which originates from its intermodal and chromatic dispersions, is small (< 600 ps) and stable for lengths up to 8 m and allows for short lifetime measurements. We use the phasor representation as a quick visualization tool adapted to the endoscopy speed requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Hage
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - P. Leclerc
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - J. Brevier
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - M. Fabert
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - C. Le Nézet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Kudlinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L. Héliot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - F. Louradour
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
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14
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Guenard R, Krupa K, Dupiol R, Fabert M, Bendahmane A, Kermene V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Auguste JL, Tonello A, Barthélémy A, Millot G, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Nonlinear beam self-cleaning in a coupled cavity composite laser based on multimode fiber. Opt Express 2017; 25:22219-22227. [PMID: 29041536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study a coupled cavity laser configuration where a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser is combined with an extended cavity, including a doped multimode fiber. For appropriate coupling levels with the extended cavity, we observed that beam self-cleaning was induced in the multimode fiber thanks to nonlinear modal coupling, leading to a quasi-single mode laser output. In the regime of beam self-cleaning, laser pulse duration was reduced from 525 to 225 ps. We also observed a Q-switched mode-locked operation, where spatial self-cleaning was accompanied by far-detuned nonlinear frequency conversion in the active multimode fiber.
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15
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Dupiol R, Bendahmane A, Krupa K, Fatome J, Tonello A, Fabert M, Couderc V, Wabnitz S, Millot G. Intermodal modulational instability in graded-index multimode optical fibers. Opt Lett 2017; 42:3419-3422. [PMID: 28957052 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of an intermodal noise-seeded modulational instability process (MI) taking place in the normal dispersion regime of a few-mode graded-index optical fiber. Strong power dependence of the MI spectra is observed, with a peak gain modulation frequency that scales as the square root of the injected light power. These observations are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a bimodal-MI model.
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16
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Kabeya D, Kermène V, Fabert M, Benoist J, Saucourt J, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Barthélémy A. Efficient phase-locking of 37 fiber amplifiers by phase-intensity mapping in an optimization loop. Opt Express 2017; 25:13816-13821. [PMID: 28788923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.013816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coherent combination of laser beams from 37 fiber amplifiers in a tiled aperture configuration has been achieved thanks to an innovative iterative process. The high efficiency as well as the speed of the phase control demonstrated the relevance of the method for phase locking of a large array of fiber lasers.
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17
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Dupiol R, Bendahmane A, Krupa K, Tonello A, Fabert M, Kibler B, Sylvestre T, Barthelemy A, Couderc V, Wabnitz S, Millot G. Far-detuned cascaded intermodal four-wave mixing in a multimode fiber. Opt Lett 2017; 42:1293-1296. [PMID: 28362752 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate far-detuned parametric frequency conversion processes in a few mode graded-index optical fibers pumped by a Q-switched picosecond laser at 1064 nm. Through a detailed analytical and numerical analysis, we show that the multiple sidebands are generated through a complex cascaded process involving inter-modal four-wave mixing. The resulting parametric wavelength detuning spans in the visible down to 405 nm and in the near-infrared up to 1355 nm.
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18
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Guenard R, Krupa K, Dupiol R, Fabert M, Bendahmane A, Kermene V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Auguste JL, Tonello A, Barthélémy A, Millot G, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Kerr self-cleaning of pulsed beam in an ytterbium doped multimode fiber. Opt Express 2017; 25:4783-4792. [PMID: 28380747 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that Kerr spatial self-cleaning of a pulsed beam can be obtained in an amplifying multimode optical fiber. An input peak power of 500 W only was sufficient to produce a quasi-single-mode emission from the double-clad ytterbium doped multimode fiber (YMMF) with non-parabolic refractive index profile. We compare the self-cleaning behavior observed in the same fiber with loss and with gain. Laser gain introduces new opportunities to achieve spatial self-cleaning of light in multimode fibers at a relatively low power threshold.
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19
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Fabert M, Ojha N, Erasmus E, Hannula M, Hokka M, Hyttinen J, Rocherullé J, Sigalas I, Massera J. Crystallization and sintering of borosilicate bioactive glasses for application in tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4514-4525. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Typical silicate bioactive glasses are known to crystallize readily during the processing of porous scaffolds. New borosilicate bioactive glass can be sintered without significant sign of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fabert
- Tampere University of Technology
- BioMediTech institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - N. Ojha
- Tampere University of Technology
- BioMediTech institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - E. Erasmus
- African Material Science and Engineering Network
- A Carnegie-IAS RISE Network
- South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
| | - M. Hannula
- Tampere University of Technology
- BioMediTech institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - M. Hokka
- Tampere University of Technology
- Laboratory of Materials Science
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - J. Hyttinen
- Tampere University of Technology
- BioMediTech institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - J. Rocherullé
- Université de Rennes
- Equipe Verres et Céramiques
- UMR-CNRS 6226
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- France
| | - I. Sigalas
- University of the Witwatersrand
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
| | - J. Massera
- Tampere University of Technology
- BioMediTech institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Tampere
- Finland
- University of Namibia
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20
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Krupa K, Louot C, Couderc V, Fabert M, Guenard R, Shalaby BM, Tonello A, Pagnoux D, Leproux P, Bendahmane A, Dupiol R, Millot G, Wabnitz S. Spatiotemporal characterization of supercontinuum extending from the visible to the mid-infrared in a multimode graded-index optical fiber. Opt Lett 2016; 41:5785-5788. [PMID: 27973502 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that pumping a graded-index multimode fiber with sub-ns pulses from a microchip Nd:YAG laser leads to spectrally flat supercontinuum generation with a uniform bell-shaped spatial beam profile extending from the visible to the mid-infrared at 2500 nm. We study the development of the supercontinuum along the multimode fiber by the cut-back method, which permits us to analyze the competition between the Kerr-induced geometric parametric instability and stimulated Raman scattering. We also performed a spectrally resolved temporal analysis of the supercontinuum emission.
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21
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Ducourthial G, Leclerc P, Mansuryan T, Fabert M, Brevier J, Habert R, Braud F, Batrin R, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G, Thiberville L, Druilhe A, Kudlinski A, Louradour F. Development of a real-time flexible multiphoton microendoscope for label-free imaging in a live animal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18303. [PMID: 26673905 PMCID: PMC4682136 DOI: 10.1038/srep18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a two-photon microendoscope capable of in vivo label-free deep-tissue high-resolution fast imaging through a very long optical fiber. First, an advanced light-pulse spectro-temporal shaping device optimally precompensates for linear and nonlinear distortions occurring during propagation within the endoscopic fiber. This enables the delivery of sub-40-fs duration infrared excitation pulses at the output of 5 meters of fiber. Second, the endoscopic fiber is a custom-made double-clad polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber specifically designed to optimize the imaging resolution and the intrinsic luminescence backward collection. Third, a miniaturized fiber-scanner of 2.2 mm outer diameter allows simultaneous second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) imaging at 8 frames per second. This microendoscope’s transverse and axial resolutions amount respectively to 0.8 μm and 12 μm, with a field-of-view as large as 450 μm. This microendoscope’s unprecedented capabilities are validated during label-free imaging, ex vivo on various fixed human tissue samples, and in vivo on an anesthetized mouse kidney demonstrating an imaging penetration depth greater than 300 μm below the surface of the organ. The results reported in this manuscript confirm that nonlinear microendoscopy can become a valuable clinical tool for real-time in situ assessment of pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Fabert
- XLIM, UMR-CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, France
| | | | - Rémi Habert
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Flavie Braud
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Bourg-Heckly
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire LITIS-QuantIF, EA 4108, Clinique Pneumologique, CHU de Rouen, France
| | - Anne Druilhe
- CRIBL, UMR-CNRS 7276, Université de Limoges, France
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22
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Kabeya D, Kermene V, Fabert M, Benoist J, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Barthelemy A. Active coherent combining of laser beam arrays by means of phase-intensity mapping in an optimization loop. Opt Express 2015; 23:31059-31068. [PMID: 26698735 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.031059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new approach is proposed for the adaptive phase-locking of a set of parallel laser beams. It is based on an optical conversion of phase differences in the array into an intensity pattern which feeds an optimization algorithm for iterated adjustments of the phase modulators. A numerical analysis and proof of principle experiment support the method and demonstrate its speed.
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23
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Ducourthial G, Leclerc P, Mansuryan T, Fabert M, Brevier J, Batrin R, Druilhe A, Habert R, Braud F, Kudlinski A, Louradour F. Codétection par endomicroscopie multiphotonique du collagène fibrillaire rénal et des flavines tubulaires sur la souris anesthésiée dans le modèle UUO. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Wang J, Lin Y, Pinault M, Filoramo A, Fabert M, Ratier B, Bouclé J, Herlin-Boime N. Single-step preparation of TiO2/MWCNT Nanohybrid materials by laser pyrolysis and application to efficient photovoltaic energy conversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:51-6. [PMID: 25545402 DOI: 10.1021/am507179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the continuous-flowand single-step synthesis of a TiO2/MWCNT (multiwall carbon nanotubes) nanohybrid material. The synthesis method allows achieving high coverage and intimate interface between the TiO2particles and MWCNTs, together with a highly homogeneous distribution of nanotubes within the oxide. Such materials used as active layer in theporous photoelectrode of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells leads to a substantial performance improvement (20%) as compared to reference devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- IRAMIS/NIMBE/LEDNA LFP, CEA-CNRS URA 2453 , CEA de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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25
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Fabert M, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Kermène V, Crunteanu A. Temporal synchronization and spectral combining of pulses from fiber lasers Q-switched by independent MEMS micro-mirrors. Opt Express 2012; 20:22895-22901. [PMID: 23037439 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.022895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present what we believe to be the first demonstration of spectral combining of multiple fiber lasers Q-switched by independent micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS). By correlating the actuation of the individual MEMS devices, the associated Q-switched lasers can be operated in either synchronous or asynchronous modes in such a way that their overall combined output may result in high energy emission pulses or in laser emission with higher pulse repetition rate. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate the combination of four individual Q-switched lasers (each of them operating at 20 kHz repetition rate) leading to a final laser system generating pulses with a repetition rate of 80 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fabert
- Xlim UMR 7252, Université de Limoges/CNRS, 123 av Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
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26
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Couderc V, Crunteanu A, Fabert M, Doutre F, El Bassri F, Pagnoux D, Jalocha A. Picosecond pulse generation in a hybrid Q-switched laser source by using a microelectromechanical mirror. Opt Express 2012; 20:5524-5529. [PMID: 22418358 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.005524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Q-switched laser source using a micro-optical-electromechanical mirror (MOEM) designed for short pulse emission. It is based on a hybrid configuration including a passively Q-switched microchip laser coupled to a fiber cavity closed by a cantilever type MOEM acting as an active modulator. This specially designed mirror with a single reflecting gold membrane is switched by low bias voltage ~50 V (peak to peak). This device emits pulses at tunable repetition rates up to 1.6 kHz, with ~564 ps duration and 3.4 kW peak power, which constitutes the shortest pulse duration ever reported with MOEMs based pulsed lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Couderc
- Xlim Research Institute, University of Limoges, UMR CNRS 6172, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87100 Limoges, France
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27
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Fabert M, Kermène V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Blondy P, Crunteanu A. Actively mode-locked fiber laser using a deformable micromirror. Opt Lett 2011; 36:2191-2193. [PMID: 21685963 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present what we believe to be the first fiber laser system that is actively mode-locked by a deformable micromirror. The micromirror device is placed within the laser cavity and performs a dual function of modulator and end-cavity mirror. The mode-locked laser provides ~1-ns-long pulses with 20 nJ/pulse energy at 5 MHz repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fabert
- XLIM UMR 6172, CNRS/Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
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28
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Fabert M, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Kermène V, Crunteanu A, Bouyge D, Blondy P. Ytterbium-doped fibre laser Q-switched by a cantilever-type micro-mirror. Opt Express 2008; 16:22064-22071. [PMID: 19104641 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an Ytterbium fibre laser operating in the Q-switch regime by using a Micro- Opto- Electro- Mechanical System (MOEMS) of novel design. The cantilever-type micro-mirror is designed to generate short laser pulses with duration between 20 ns and 100 ns at repetition rates ranging from a few kilohertz up to 800 kHz. The bent profile of this new type of MOEMS ensures a high modulation rate of the laser cavity losses while keeping a high actuating frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fabert
- XLIM UMR 6172, Université de Limoges/CNRS, 123 av. Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
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