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Makhonin M, Delphan A, Song KW, Walker P, Isoniemi T, Claronino P, Orfanakis K, Rajendran SK, Ohadi H, Heckötter J, Assmann M, Bayer M, Tartakovskii A, Skolnick M, Kyriienko O, Krizhanovskii D. Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu 2O microcavities. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38320987 PMCID: PMC10847413 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg excitons (analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems) are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii. The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity, with applications in sensing and quantum information processing. Here, we achieve strong effective photon-photon interactions (Kerr-like optical nonlinearity) via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled microresonator. Under pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density. Theoretical analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as ∝ n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n = 7. Such high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities, which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic (polaritonic) states in a solid state system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Makhonin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Anthonin Delphan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Kok Wee Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Paul Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Tommi Isoniemi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Peter Claronino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Konstantinos Orfanakis
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Sai Kiran Rajendran
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Julian Heckötter
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc Assmann
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Fakultät Physik, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Maurice Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Oleksandr Kyriienko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Dmitry Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
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Maccaferri N, Zhao Y, Isoniemi T, Iarossi M, Parracino A, Strangi G, De Angelis F. Hyperbolic Meta-Antennas Enable Full Control of Scattering and Absorption of Light. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1851-1859. [PMID: 30776244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel concept of hybrid metal-dielectric meta-antenna supporting type II hyperbolic dispersion, which enables full control of absorption and scattering of light in the visible/near-infrared spectral range. This ability lies in the different nature of the localized hyperbolic Bloch-like modes excited within the meta-antenna. The experimental evidence is corroborated by a comprehensive theoretical study. In particular, we demonstrate that two main modes, one radiative and one non-radiative, can be excited by direct coupling with the free-space radiation. We show that the scattering is the dominating electromagnetic decay channel, when an electric dipolar mode is induced in the system, whereas a strong absorption process occurs when a magnetic dipole is excited. Also, by varying the geometry of the system, the relative ratio of scattering and absorption, as well as their relative enhancement and/or quenching, can be tuned at will over a broad spectral range, thus enabling full control of the two channels. Importantly, both radiative and nonradiative modes supported by our architecture can be excited directly with far-field radiation. This is observed to occur even when the radiative channels (scattering) are almost totally suppressed, thereby making the proposed architecture suitable for practical applications. Finally, the hyperbolic meta-antennas possess both angular and polarization independent structural integrity, unlocking promising applications as hybrid meta-surfaces or as solvable nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Maccaferri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 , Genova , Italy
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 , Genova , Italy
| | - Tommi Isoniemi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 , Genova , Italy
| | - Marzia Iarossi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 , Genova , Italy
- DIBRIS , Università degli Studi di Genova , Via Balbi 5 , 16126 Genova , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Strangi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 , Genova , Italy
- Department of Physics , Case Western Reserve University , 10600 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
- CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia and Department of Physics , University of Calabria , Arcavacata 87036 , Italy
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