1
|
Li J, Yu C, Peng Y, Lu R. High harmonic generation from Kagome lattice based on multi-band semiclassical trajectory method. J Phys Condens Matter 2024. [PMID: 38447172 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We develop a multi-band semiclassical trajectory (MBSCT) method for studying the high harmonic generation (HHG) from solids, which is fundamentally similar to the Boltzmann equation but describe the electron density distribution in a different way and can simulate the electron transitions between bands, thereby depicting a richer array of physical processes. Compared to other theoretical methods, such as the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the semiconductor Bloch equation, and time-dependent density functional theory, our MBSCT method avoids issues like massive consumption of computational resources and the need for wave function phase correction. Moreover, we focus on Kagome-type materials to justify the MBSCT method and investigate the influence of flat band on HHG in strong laser fields. The simulated results show that the intensity of certain harmonic orders is suppressed by the flat band, implying harmonic spectroscopy as a potential all-optical approach for characterizing nonequilibrium physics of flat-band quantum materials.
.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei Street #200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Chao Yu
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei Street #200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| | - Yigeng Peng
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei Street #200, Nanjing, 210094, CHINA
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei Street #200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zafar AJ, Mitra A, Apalkov V. High harmonic generation in graphene quantum dots. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:215302. [PMID: 38330466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We study theoretically the generation of high harmonics in disk graphene quantum dots placed in linearly polarized short pulse. The quantum dots (QD) are described within an effective model of the Dirac type and the length gauge was used to describe the interaction of quantum dots with an optical pulse. The generated radiation spectra of graphene quantum dots can be controlled by varying the quantum dot size, i.e. its radius. With increasing the quantum dot radius, the intensities of low harmonics mainly decrease, while the cutoff frequency increases. The sensitivity of the cutoff frequency to the QD size increases with the intensity of the pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmal Jawad Zafar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Aranyo Mitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Vadym Apalkov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang S, Gudem M, Kowalewski M, Dorfman K. Multidimensional high-harmonic echo spectroscopy: Resolving coherent electron dynamics in the EUV regime. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304821121. [PMID: 38315847 PMCID: PMC10873645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304821121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We theoretically propose a multidimensional high-harmonic echo spectroscopy technique which utilizes strong optical fields to resolve coherent electron dynamics spanning an energy range of multiple electronvolts. Using our recently developed semi-perturbative approach, we can describe the coherent valence electron dynamics driven by a sequence of phase-matched and well-separated short few-cycle strong infrared laser pulses. The recombination of tunnel-ionized electrons by each pulse coherently populates the valence states of a molecule, which allows for a direct observation of its dynamics via the high harmonic echo signal. The broad bandwidth of the effective dipole between valence states originated from the strong-field excitation results in nontrivial ultra-delayed partial rephasing echo, which is not observed in standard two-dimensional optical spectroscopic techniques in a two-level molecular systems. We demonstrate the results of simulations for the anionic molecular system and show that the ultrafast valence electron dynamics can be well captured with femtosecond resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Dorfman
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
- Center for Theoretical Physics and School of Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
- Himalayan Institute for Advanced Study, Unit of Gopinath Seva Foundation, Rishikesh249201, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li L, Lan P, Zhu X, Lu P. High harmonic generation in solids: particle and wave perspectives. Rep Prog Phys 2023; 86. [PMID: 37591232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acf144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) from gas-phase atoms (or molecules) has opened up a new frontier in ultrafast optics, where attosecond time resolution and angstrom spatial resolution are accessible. The fundamental physical pictures of HHG are always explained by the laser-induced recollision of particle-like electron motion, which lay the foundation of attosecond spectroscopy. In recent years, HHG has also been observed in solids. One can expect the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the condensed matter if a description capable of resolving the ultrafast dynamics is provided. Thus, a large number of theoretical studies have been proposed to understand the underlying physics of solid HHG. Here, we revisit the recollision picture in solid HHG and show some challenges of current particle-perspective methods, and present the recently developed wave-perspective Huygens-Fresnel picture for understanding dynamical systems within the ambit of strong-field physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim D, Chacón A, Kim DE. High-order harmonics from elliptically polarized laser for classification of topological states in 2D Chern insulators and 2D topological insulators. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35. [PMID: 37652029 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf5bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonics (HH) have drawn attention in the field of condensed matter physics mainly because of the capability of light to encode structural, dynamical, and topological information. In this paper, we address the fundamental question whether HH can map topological information in two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials by studying the interaction between topological materials and an elliptically polarized laser. We use the Haldane model for topological Chern insulators (CIs) and the Kane-Mele model for topological insulators (TIs). In the case of a circularly polarized or nearly circularly polarized driving field in CIs and TIs, the harmonic intensity of the co-rotating orders is increased. This increase in topologically non-trivial materials implies that HH can be used to detect topological transitions in 2D CIs and TIs. Moreover, interference between two spin bands in TIs does not affect the elliptical dependence of co-rotating harmonic orders in the plateau region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, 7 Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexis Chacón
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, 7 Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, 7 Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caplins BW, Chiaramonti AN, Garcia JM, Sanford NA, Miaja-Avila L. Atom probe tomography using an extreme ultraviolet trigger pulse. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:093704. [PMID: 37702562 PMCID: PMC10542968 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful materials characterization technique capable of measuring the isotopically resolved three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanoscale specimens with atomic resolution. Modern APT instrumentation most often uses an optical pulse to trigger field ion evaporation-most commonly, the second or third harmonic of a Nd laser is utilized (∼λ = 532 nm or λ = 355 nm). Herein, we describe an APT instrument that utilizes ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical pulses to trigger field ion emission. The EUV light is generated via a commercially available high harmonic generation system based on a noble-gas-filled capillary. The centroid of the EUV spectrum is tunable from around 25 eV (λ = 50 nm) to 45 eV (λ = 28 nm), dependent on the identity of the gas in the capillary (Xe, Kr, or Ar). EUV pulses are delivered to the APT analysis chamber via a vacuum beamline that was optimized to maximize photon flux at the APT specimen apex while minimizing complexity. We describe the design of the beamline in detail, including the various compromises involved. We characterize the spectrum of the EUV light and its evolution as it propagates through the various optical elements. The EUV focus spot size is measured at the APT specimen plane, and the effects of misalignment are simulated and discussed. The long-term stability of the EUV source has been demonstrated for more than a year. Finally, APT mass spectra are shown, demonstrating the instrument's ability to successfully trigger field ion emission from semiconductors (Si, GaN) and insulating materials (Al2O3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Caplins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ann N Chiaramonti
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jacob M Garcia
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Norman A Sanford
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Luis Miaja-Avila
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhattacharya U, Lamprou T, Maxwell AS, Ordonez A, Pisanty E, Rivera-Dean J, Stammer P, Ciappina MF, Lewenstein M, Tzallas P. Strong-laser-field physics, non-classical light states and quantum information science. Rep Prog Phys 2023. [PMID: 37489874 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acea31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Strong--laser--field physics is a research direction that relies on the use of high-power lasers and has led to fascinating achievements ranging from relativistic particle acceleration to attosecond science. On the other hand, quantum optics has been built on the use of low photon number sources and has opened the way for groundbreaking discoveries in quantum technology, advancing investigations ranging from fundamental tests of quantum theory to quantum information processing. Despite the tremendous progress, until recently these directions have remained disconnected. This is because, the majority of the interactions in the strong-field limit have been successfully described by semi-classical approximations treating the electromagnetic field classically, as there was no need to include the quantum properties of the field to explain the observations. The link between strong--laser--field physics, quantum optics, and quantum information science has been developed in the recent past. Studies based on fully quantized and conditioning approaches have shown that intense laser--matter interactions can be used for the generation of controllable entangled and non-classical light states. These achievements open the way for a vast number of investigations stemming from the symbiosis of strong--laser--field physics, quantum optics, and quantum information science. Here, after an introduction to the fundamentals of these research directions, we report on the recent progress in the fully quantized description of intense laser--matter interaction and the methods that have been developed for the generation of non-classical light states and entangled states. Also, we discuss the future directions of non-classical light engineering using strong laser fields, and the potential applications in ultrafast and quantum information science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Utso Bhattacharya
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain, Castelldefels, Catalunya, 08860, SPAIN
| | - Theocharis Lamprou
- IESL, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton GR-700 13, Heraklion (Crete), Greece, Heraklion (Crete), Crete, 71110, GREECE
| | - Andrew Stephen Maxwell
- Aarhus University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8000, DENMARK
| | - Andres Ordonez
- ICFO, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain, Castelldefels, Catalunya, 08860, SPAIN
| | - Emilio Pisanty
- Department of Physics, King's College London - Strand Campus, Strand Campus, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Javier Rivera-Dean
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain, Castelldefels, Catalunya, 08860, SPAIN
| | - Philipp Stammer
- Quantum Optics Theory, ICFO, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels, Castelldefels, 08860, SPAIN
| | - Marcelo F Ciappina
- Department of Physics, Guangdong Technion, Department of Physics, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China, 515063, Shantou, Guangdong, China, 515063, 515063, CHINA
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- Quantum Optics Theory, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO), Carrer C.F. Gauss, 3, Parc Meditirani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, SPAIN
| | - Paraskevas Tzallas
- FORTH-IESL, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion-Crete, Heraklion (Crete), 70013, GREECE
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ly O. Noncollinear antiferromagnetic textures driven high-harmonic generation from magnetic dynamics in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:125802. [PMID: 36669207 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acb523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of high order harmonics in carrier pumping from precessing ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic orders, excited via magnetic resonance, in the presence of topological antiferromagnetic textures. This results in an enhancement of the carrier dynamics by orders of magnitude, enabling for an emission deep in the THz frequency range. Interestingly, the generation process occurs in an intrinsic manner, and is solely governed by the interplay between the s-d exchange coupling underlying the noncollinear antiferromagnetic order and the dynamical s-d exchange constant of the magnetic drive. Therefore, the relativistic spin-orbit interaction is not required for the emergence of high harmonics in the pumped currents. Accordingly, the noncollinear topological antiferromagnetic order is presented as an alternative to spin-orbit interaction for the purpose of harnessing high harmonic emission in carrier pumping. Furthermore, we demonstrate the emergence of high harmonics from random magnetic impurities. This suggests the universality of the magnetically induced high harmonic emission in the presence of real and/or momentum space noncollinear textures. Our proposal initiates a tantalizing prospect for the utilization of topological textures in the context of the highly active domains of ultrafast spintronics and THz emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ousmane Ly
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dorner-Kirchner M, Shumakova V, Coccia G, Kaksis E, Schmidt BE, Pervak V, Pugzlys A, Baltuška A, Kitzler-Zeiler M, Carpeggiani PA. HHG at the Carbon K-Edge Directly Driven by SRS Red-Shifted Pulses from an Ytterbium Amplifier. ACS Photonics 2023; 10:84-91. [PMID: 36691427 PMCID: PMC9853858 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a simplified approach to efficiently extend the high harmonic generation (HHG) cutoff in gases without the need for laser frequency conversion via parametric processes. Instead, we employ postcompression and red-shifting of a Yb:CaF2 laser via stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a nitrogen-filled stretched hollow core fiber. This driving scheme circumvents the low-efficiency window of parametric amplifiers in the 1100-1300 nm range. We demonstrate this approach being suitable for upscaling the power of a driver with an optimal wavelength for HHG in the highly desirable XUV range between 200 and 300 eV, up to the carbon K-edge. Due to the combination of power scalability of a low quantum defect ytterbium-based laser system with the high conversion efficiency of the SRS technique, we expect a significant increase in the generated photon flux in comparison with established platforms for HHG in the water window. We also compare HHG driven by the SRS scheme with the conventional self-phase modulation (SPM) scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Shumakova
- Photonics
Institute, Technische Universität
Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Mid-IR Spectroscopy and Semiconductor Optics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Coccia
- Photonics
Institute, Technische Universität
Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR)
and Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Edgar Kaksis
- Photonics
Institute, Technische Universität
Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno E. Schmidt
- few-Cycle
Inc., 1650 Blvd. Lionel
Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, QC Canada
| | - Vladimir Pervak
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- UltraFast
Innovations GmbH, Am
Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Audrius Pugzlys
- Photonics
Institute, Technische Universität
Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Center
for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics
Institute, Technische Universität
Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han S, Zhao K, Chang Z. Monitoring Argon L-Shell Auger Decay Using 250-eV Attosecond X-ray Pulses. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7513. [PMID: 36236612 PMCID: PMC9573357 DOI: 10.3390/s22197513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electron correlation describes the interaction between electrons in a multi-electron system. It plays an important role in determining the speed of relaxation of atoms and molecules excited by XUV/X-ray pulses, such as the argon decay rate. Most research on electron correlation has centered on the role of correlation in stationary states. A time-resolved experimental study of electron correlation is a grand challenge due to the required temporal resolution and photon energy. In this research, we investigated Auger decay in argon using 200-attosecond X-ray pulses reaching the carbon K-edge. At such a high photon energy, ionization occurs not only from the outer most levels (3s and 3p), but also from the 2p core shells. We have measured a lifetime of 4.9 fs of L-shell vacancies of argon in pump-probe experiments with a home-built high-resolution time-of-flight spectrometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwoi Han
- CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kun Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dogguan 523808, China
| | - Zenghu Chang
- CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Y, Feng C, Tu L, Li C, Jiang B, Wang D. Generating coherent and ultrashort X-ray pulses via HHG-seeding in storage rings. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:347-354. [PMID: 35254296 PMCID: PMC8900847 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521013382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of fully coherent and femtosecond time-scale radiation pulses in the X-ray regime is one of the most common demands of ring-based synchrotron light source users. In this paper, a method that utilizes the recent proposed angular dispersion induced microbunching technique to convert external light from high-harmonic generation (HHG) to coherent light at shorter wavelength is proposed. Numerical simulations using the practical parameters of a diffraction-limited storage ring demonstrate the generation of coherent pulse trains with photon energy as high as 2 keV, pulse duration as short as ∼10 fs and high peak brightness directly from an HHG source at 13 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Tu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changliang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bocheng Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) of an intense laser pulse is a highly nonlinear optical phenomenon that provides the only proven source of tabletop attosecond pulses, and it is the key technology in attosecond science. Recent developments in high-intensity infrared lasers have extended HHG beyond its traditional domain of the XUV spectral range (10-150 eV) into the soft X-ray regime (150 eV to 3 keV), allowing the compactness, stability and sub-femtosecond duration of HHG to be combined with the atomic site specificity and electronic/structural sensitivity of X-ray spectroscopy. HHG in the soft X-ray spectral region has significant differences from HHG in the XUV, which necessitate new approaches to generating and characterizing attosecond pulses. Here, we examine the challenges and opportunities of soft X-ray HHG, and we use simulations to examine the optimal generating conditions for the development of high-flux, attosecond-duration pulses in the soft X-ray spectral range. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan S. Johnson
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
- e-mail:
| | - Timur Avni
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Esben W. Larsen
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dane R. Austin
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen C, Tao Z, Carr A, Matyba P, Szilvási T, Emmerich S, Piecuch M, Keller M, Zusin D, Eich S, Rollinger M, You W, Mathias S, Thumm U, Mavrikakis M, Aeschlimann M, Oppeneer PM, Kapteyn H, Murnane M. Distinguishing attosecond electron-electron scattering and screening in transition metals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5300-7. [PMID: 28630331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706466114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-electron interactions are the fastest processes in materials, occurring on femtosecond to attosecond timescales, depending on the electronic band structure of the material and the excitation energy. Such interactions can play a dominant role in light-induced processes such as nano-enhanced plasmonics and catalysis, light harvesting, or phase transitions. However, to date it has not been possible to experimentally distinguish fundamental electron interactions such as scattering and screening. Here, we use sequences of attosecond pulses to directly measure electron-electron interactions in different bands of different materials with both simple and complex Fermi surfaces. By extracting the time delays associated with photoemission we show that the lifetime of photoelectrons from the d band of Cu are longer by ∼100 as compared with those from the same band of Ni. We attribute this to the enhanced electron-electron scattering in the unfilled d band of Ni. Using theoretical modeling, we can extract the contributions of electron-electron scattering and screening in different bands of different materials with both simple and complex Fermi surfaces. Our results also show that screening influences high-energy photoelectrons (≈20 eV) significantly less than low-energy photoelectrons. As a result, high-energy photoelectrons can serve as a direct probe of spin-dependent electron-electron scattering by neglecting screening. This can then be applied to quantifying the contribution of electron interactions and screening to low-energy excitations near the Fermi level. The information derived here provides valuable and unique information for a host of quantum materials.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shanblatt ER, Porter CL, Gardner DF, Mancini GF, Karl RM, Tanksalvala MD, Bevis CS, Vartanian VH, Kapteyn HC, Adams DE, Murnane MM. Quantitative Chemically Specific Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Reactions at Buried Interfaces with Few Nanometer Precision. Nano Lett 2016; 16:5444-5450. [PMID: 27447192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantitative, chemically specific imaging of buried nanostructures, including oxidation and diffusion reactions at buried interfaces, using nondestructive tabletop extreme ultraviolet (EUV) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI). Copper nanostructures inlaid in SiO2 are coated with 100 nm of aluminum, which is opaque to visible light and thick enough that neither visible microscopy nor atomic force microscopy can image the buried interface. Short wavelength high harmonic beams can penetrate the aluminum layer, yielding high-contrast images of the buried structures. Quantitative analysis shows that the reflected EUV light is extremely sensitive to the formation of multiple oxide layers, as well as interdiffusion of materials occurring at the metal-metal and metal-insulator boundaries deep within the nanostructure with few nanometers precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina L Porter
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Dennis F Gardner
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Robert M Karl
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | | | - Charles S Bevis
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Victor H Vartanian
- SUNY Poly SEMATECH , 257 Fuller Road, Suite 2200, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Daniel E Adams
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hoogeboom-Pot KM, Hernandez-Charpak JN, Gu X, Frazer TD, Anderson EH, Chao W, Falcone RW, Yang R, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Nardi D. A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective diffusion increases dissipation efficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4846-51. [PMID: 25831491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503449112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding thermal transport from nanoscale heat sources is important for a fundamental description of energy flow in materials, as well as for many technological applications including thermal management in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics, thermoelectric devices, nanoenhanced photovoltaics, and nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies. Thermal transport at the nanoscale is fundamentally different from that at the macroscale and is determined by the distribution of carrier mean free paths and energy dispersion in a material, the length scales of the heat sources, and the distance over which heat is transported. Past work has shown that Fourier's law for heat conduction dramatically overpredicts the rate of heat dissipation from heat sources with dimensions smaller than the mean free path of the dominant heat-carrying phonons. In this work, we uncover a new regime of nanoscale thermal transport that dominates when the separation between nanoscale heat sources is small compared with the dominant phonon mean free paths. Surprisingly, the interaction of phonons originating from neighboring heat sources enables more efficient diffusive-like heat dissipation, even from nanoscale heat sources much smaller than the dominant phonon mean free paths. This finding suggests that thermal management in nanoscale systems including integrated circuits might not be as challenging as previously projected. Finally, we demonstrate a unique capability to extract differential conductivity as a function of phonon mean free path in materials, allowing the first (to our knowledge) experimental validation of predictions from the recently developed first-principles calculations.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zürch M, Foertsch S, Matzas M, Pachmann K, Kuth R, Spielmann C. Cancer cell classification with coherent diffraction imaging using an extreme ultraviolet radiation source. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2014; 1:031008. [PMID: 26158049 PMCID: PMC4478871 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.1.3.031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer treatment, it is highly desirable to classify single cancer cells in real time. The standard method is polymerase chain reaction requiring a substantial amount of resources and time. Here, we present an innovative approach for rapidly classifying different cell types: we measure the diffraction pattern of a single cell illuminated with coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser-generated radiation. These patterns allow distinguishing different breast cancer cell types in a subsequent step. Moreover, the morphology of the object can be retrieved from the diffraction pattern with submicron resolution. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we prepared single MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells on gold-coated silica slides. The output of a laser-driven XUV light source is focused onto a single unstained and unlabeled cancer cell. With the resulting diffraction pattern, we could clearly identify the different cell types. With an improved setup, it will not only be feasible to classify circulating tumor cells with a high throughput, but also to identify smaller objects such as bacteria or even viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zürch
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Foertsch
- Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector Strategy, Hartmann Street 16, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Mark Matzas
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Günther-Scharowsky-Street 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kuth
- Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector Strategy, Hartmann Street 16, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Christian Spielmann
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena 07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Palacios A, González-Castrillo A, Martín F. Molecular interferometer to decode attosecond electron-nuclear dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3973-8. [PMID: 24591647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316762111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules by using pump-probe schemes requires not only the use of short enough laser pulses but also wavelengths and intensities that do not modify the intrinsic behavior of the system. In this respect, extreme UV pulses of few-femtosecond and attosecond durations have been recognized as the ideal tool because their short wavelengths ensure a negligible distortion of the molecular potential. In this work, we propose the use of two twin extreme UV pulses to create a molecular interferometer from direct and sequential two-photon ionization processes that leave the molecule in the same final state. We theoretically demonstrate that such a scheme allows for a complete identification of both electronic and nuclear phases in the wave packet generated by the pump pulse. We also show that although total ionization yields reveal entangled electronic and nuclear dynamics in the bound states, doubly differential yields (differential in both electronic and nuclear energies) exhibit in addition the dynamics of autoionization, i.e., of electron correlation in the ionization continuum. Visualization of such dynamics is possible by varying the time delay between the pump and the probe pulses.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu F, Xia Y, Zhang S, Chen D, Zhao Y, Liu B. Coherent soft X-ray high-order harmonics using tight-focusing laser pulses in the gas mixture. J Xray Sci Technol 2014; 22:105-111. [PMID: 24463389 DOI: 10.3233/xst-130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the harmonics from a Xe-He gas mixture using tight-focusing femtosecond laser pulses. The spectrum in the mixed gases exhibits an extended cutoff region from the harmonic H21 to H27. The potential explanation is that the harmonics photons from Xe contribute the electrons of He atoms to transmit into the excited-state. Therefore, the harmonics are emitted from He atoms easily. Furthermore, we show that there are the suppressed harmonics H15 and H17 in the mixed gases. The underlying mechanism is the destructive interference between harmonics generated from different atoms. Our results indicate that HHG from Xe-He gas mixture is an efficient method of obtaining the coherent soft X-ray source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faming Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanqin Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Deying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|