1
|
Chen H, Liu C, Xu J, Maxwell A, Zhou W, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Bati ASR, Wan H, Wang Z, Zeng L, Wang J, Serles P, Liu Y, Teale S, Liu Y, Saidaminov MI, Li M, Rolston N, Hoogland S, Filleter T, Kanatzidis MG, Chen B, Ning Z, Sargent EH. Improved charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells with dual-site-binding ligands. Science 2024; 384:189-193. [PMID: 38603485 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Inverted (pin) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) afford improved operating stability in comparison to their nip counterparts but have lagged in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The energetic losses responsible for this PCE deficit in pin PSCs occur primarily at the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge-transport layers. Additive and surface treatments that use passivating ligands usually bind to a single active binding site: This dense packing of electrically resistive passivants perpendicular to the surface may limit the fill factor in pin PSCs. We identified ligands that bind two neighboring lead(II) ion (Pb2+) defect sites in a planar ligand orientation on the perovskite. We fabricated pin PSCs and report a certified quasi-steady state PCE of 26.15 and 24.74% for 0.05- and 1.04-square centimeter illuminated areas, respectively. The devices retain 95% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours of continuous 1 sun maximum power point operation at 65°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qilin Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muzhi Li
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Nicholas Rolston
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdur-Rashid K, Saha SK, Mugisha J, Teale S, Wang S, Saber M, Lough AJ, Sargent EH, Fekl U. Organic Polar Crystals, Second Harmonic Generation, and Piezoelectric Effects from Heteroadamantanes in the Space Group R3m. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302998. [PMID: 38231551 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polar crystalline materials, a subset of the non-centrosymmetric materials, are highly sought after. Their symmetry properties make them pyroelectric and also piezoelectric and capable of second-harmonic generation (SHG). For SHG and piezoelectric applications, metal oxides are commonly used. The advantages of oxides are durability and hardness - downsides are the need for high-temperature synthesis/processing and often the need to include toxic metals. Organic polar crystals, on the other hand, can avoid toxic metals and can be amenable to solution-state processing. While the vast majority of polar organic molecules crystallize in non-polar space groups, we found that both 7-chloro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane, for short Cl-TAA, and also the related Br-TAA (but not I-TAA) form polar crystals in the space group R3m, easily obtained from dichloromethane solution. Measurements confirm piezoelectric and SHG properties for Cl-TAA and Br-TAA. When the two species are crystallized together, solid solutions form, suggesting that properties of future materials can be tuned continuously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdur-Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Shraman K Saha
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Jules Mugisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Meelad Saber
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| | - Alan J Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G8
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1 C
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Chen H, Grater L, Liu C, Yang Y, Teale S, Maxwell A, Mahesh S, Wan H, Chang Y, Chen B, Rehl B, Park SM, Kanatzidis MG, Sargent EH. Anion optimization for bifunctional surface passivation in perovskite solar cells. Nat Mater 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01705-y. [PMID: 37903926 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-halide (PH) anion engineering has emerged as a surface passivation strategy of interest for perovskite-based optoelectronics; but until now, PH anions have led to insufficient defect passivation and thus to undesired deep impurity states. The size of the chemical space of PH anions (>106 molecules) has so far limited attempts to explore the full family of candidate molecules. We created a machine learning workflow to speed up the discovery process using full-density functional theory calculations for training the model. The physics-informed machine learning model allowed us to pinpoint promising molecules with a head group that prevents lattice distortion and anti-site defect formation, and a tail group optimized for strong attachment to the surface. We identified 15 potential bifunctional PH anions with the ability to passivate both donors and acceptors, and through experimentation, discovered that sodium thioglycolate was the most effective passivant. This strategy resulted in a power-conversion efficiency of 24.56% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.19 volts (24.04% National Renewable Energy Lab-certified quasi-steady-state) in inverted perovskite solar cells. Encapsulated devices maintained 96% of their initial power-conversion energy during 900 hours of one-sun operation at the maximum power point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Rehl
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang YK, Jia F, Li X, Teale S, Xia P, Liu Y, Chan PTS, Wan H, Hassan Y, Imran M, Chen H, Grater L, Sun LD, Walker GC, Hoogland S, Lu ZH, Yan CH, Liao LS, Sargent EH. Self-assembled monolayer-based blue perovskite LEDs. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh2140. [PMID: 37683007 PMCID: PMC10491221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of more than 10%; however, devices that emit in the true blue-those that accord with the emission wavelength required for Rec. 2100 primary blue-have so far been limited to EQEs of ~6%. We focused here on true blue emitting CsPbBr3 colloidal nanocrystals (c-NCs), finding in early studies that they suffer from a high charge injection barrier, a problem exacerbated in films containing multiple layers of nanocrystals. We introduce a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) active layer that improves charge injection. We identified a bifunctional capping ligand that simultaneously enables the self-assembly of CsPbBr3 c-NCs while passivating surface traps. We report, as a result, SAM-based LEDs exhibit a champion EQE of ~12% [CIE of (0.132, 0.069) at 4.0 V with a luminance of 11 cd/m2], and 10-fold-enhanced operating stability relative to the best previously reported Rec. 2100-blue perovskite LEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Fengyan Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Phoebe Tsz-shan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yasser Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gilbert C. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen H, Maxwell A, Li C, Teale S, Chen B, Zhu T, Ugur E, Harrison G, Grater L, Wang J, Wang Z, Zeng L, Park SM, Chen L, Serles P, Awni RA, Subedi B, Zheng X, Xiao C, Podraza NJ, Filleter T, Liu C, Yang Y, Luther JM, De Wolf S, Kanatzidis MG, Yan Y, Sargent EH. Publisher Correction: Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems. Nature 2023; 620:E15. [PMID: 37488360 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chongwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasha Abbas Awni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park SM, Wei M, Xu J, Atapattu HR, Eickemeyer FT, Darabi K, Grater L, Yang Y, Liu C, Teale S, Chen B, Chen H, Wang T, Zeng L, Maxwell A, Wang Z, Rao KR, Cai Z, Zakeeruddin SM, Pham JT, Risko CM, Amassian A, Kanatzidis MG, Graham KR, Grätzel M, Sargent EH. Engineering ligand reactivity enables high-temperature operation of stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2023; 381:209-215. [PMID: 37440655 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consisting of interfacial two- and three-dimensional heterostructures that incorporate ammonium ligand intercalation have enabled rapid progress toward the goal of uniting performance with stability. However, as the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, additional tools that avoid progressive ligand intercalation are needed to minimize degradation at high temperatures. We used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically. We found that fluorinated aniliniums offer interfacial passivation and simultaneously minimize reactivity with perovskites. Using this approach, we report a certified quasi-steady-state power-conversion efficiency of 24.09% for inverted-structure PSCs. In an encapsulated device operating at 85°C and 50% relative humidity, we document a 1560-hour T85 at maximum power point under 1-sun illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Harindi R Atapattu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kasra Darabi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Tonghui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Keerthan R Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhuoyun Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan T Pham
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Chad M Risko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grater L, Wang M, Teale S, Mahesh S, Maxwell A, Liu Y, Park SM, Chen B, Laquai F, Kanatzidis MG, Sargent EH. Sterically Suppressed Phase Segregation in 3D Hollow Mixed-Halide Wide Band Gap Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6157-6162. [PMID: 37368406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Band gap tuning in mixed-halide perovskites enables efficient multijunction solar cells and LEDs. However, these wide band gap perovskites, which contain a mixture of iodide and bromide ions, are known to phase segregate under illumination, introducing voltage losses that limit stability. Previous studies have employed inorganic perovskites, halide alloys, and grain/interface passivation to minimize halide segregation, yet photostability can be further advanced. By focusing on the role of halide vacancies in anion migration, one expects to be able to erect local barriers to ion migration. To achieve this, we employ a 3D "hollow" perovskite structure, wherein a molecule that is otherwise too large for the perovskite lattice is incorporated. The amount of hollowing agent, ethane-1,2-diammonium dihydroiodide (EDA), varies the density of the hollow sites. Photoluminescence measurements reveal that 1% EDA in the perovskite bulk can stabilize a 40% bromine mixed-halide perovskite at 1 sun illumination intensity. These, along with capacitance-frequency measurements, suggest that hollow sites limit the mobility of the halide vacancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Mingcong Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Khan AA, Teale S, Xu J, Parmar DH, Zhao R, Grater L, Serles P, Zou Y, Filleter T, Seferos DS, Ban D, Sargent EH. Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1852. [PMID: 37012239 PMCID: PMC10070272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials convert between mechanical and electrical energy and are a basis for self-powered electronics. Current piezoelectrics exhibit either large charge (d33) or voltage (g33) coefficients but not both simultaneously, and yet the maximum energy density for energy harvesting is determined by the transduction coefficient: d33*g33. In prior piezoelectrics, an increase in polarization usually accompanies a dramatic rise in the dielectric constant, resulting in trade off between d33 and g33. This recognition led us to a design concept: increase polarization through Jahn-Teller lattice distortion and reduce the dielectric constant using a highly confined 0D molecular architecture. With this in mind, we sought to insert a quasi-spherical cation into a Jahn-Teller distorted lattice, increasing the mechanical response for a large piezoelectric coefficient. We implemented this concept by developing EDABCO-CuCl4 (EDABCO = N-ethyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium), a molecular piezoelectric with a d33 of 165 pm/V and g33 of ~2110 × 10-3 V m N-1, one that achieved thusly a combined transduction coefficient of 348 × 10-12 m3 J-1. This enables piezoelectric energy harvesting in EDABCO-CuCl4@PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film with a peak power density of 43 µW/cm2 (at 50 kPa), the highest value reported for mechanical energy harvesters based on heavy-metal-free molecular piezoelectric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Asif Abdullah Khan
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dayan Ban
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Zeng L, Zhu T, Chen H, Chen B, Kubicki DJ, Balvanz A, Li C, Maxwell A, Ugur E, Dos Reis R, Cheng M, Yang G, Subedi B, Luo D, Hu J, Wang J, Teale S, Mahesh S, Wang S, Hu S, Jung E, Wei M, Park SM, Grater L, Aydin E, Song Z, Podraza NJ, Lu ZH, Huang J, Dravid VP, De Wolf S, Yan Y, Grätzel M, Kanatzidis M, Sargent E. Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06006-7. [PMID: 36977463 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The tunable band gaps and facile fabrication of perovskites make them attractive for multi-junction photovoltaics1,2. However, light-induced phase segregation limits their efficiency and stability3-5: this occurs in wide band gap (> 1.65 eV) I/Br mixed perovskite absorbers, and becomes even more acute in the top cells of triple-junction solar photovoltaics that requires a fully 2.0 eV band gap absorber2,6. We report herein that lattice distortion in I/Br mixed perovskites is correlated with the suppression of phase segregation, generating an increased ion migration energy barrier arising from the decreased average interatomic distance between A-site cation and iodide. Using a ~2.0 eV Rb/Cs mixed-cation inorganic perovskite with large lattice distortion in the top subcell, we fabricated all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells and achieved an efficiency of 24.3% (23.3% certified quasi-steady-state efficiency) with an open-circuit voltage of 3.21 V. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported certified efficiency for perovskite-based triple-junction solar cells. The triple-junction devices retain 80% of their initial efficiency following 420 hours of operation at the maximum power point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Balvanz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Chongwen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Deying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuangyan Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Euidae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaoning Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Edward Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang YK, Wan H, Xu J, Zhong Y, Jung ED, Park SM, Teale S, Imran M, Yu YJ, Xia P, Won YH, Kim KH, Lu ZH, Liao LS, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Bifunctional Electron-Transporting Agent for Red Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6428-6433. [PMID: 36897963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots have enabled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are heavy-metal-free, narrow in emission linewidth, and physically flexible. However, ZnO/ZnMgO, the electron-transporting layer (ETL) in high-performance red InP/ZnSe/ZnS LEDs, suffers from high defect densities, quenches luminescence when deposited on InP, and induces performance degradation that arises due to trap migration from the ETL to the InP emitting layer. We posited that the formation of Zn2+ traps on the outer ZnS shell, combined with sulfur and oxygen vacancy migration between ZnO/ZnMgO and InP, may account for this issue. We synthesized therefore a bifunctional ETL (CNT2T, 3',3'″,3'″″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carbonitrile)) designed to passivate Zn2+ traps locally and in situ and to prevent vacancy migration between layers: the backbone of the small molecule ETL contains a triazine electron-withdrawing unit to ensure sufficient electron mobility (6 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1), and the star-shaped structure with multiple cyano groups provides effective passivation of the ZnS surface. We report as a result red InP LEDs having an EQE of 15% and a luminance of over 12,000 cd m-2; this represents a record among organic-ETL-based red InP LEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yu-Ho Won
- Samsung Electronics, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Kim
- Samsung Electronics, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen H, Maxwell A, Li C, Teale S, Chen B, Zhu T, Ugur E, Harrison G, Grater L, Wang J, Wang Z, Zeng L, Park SM, Chen L, Serles P, Awni RA, Subedi B, Zheng X, Xiao C, Podraza NJ, Filleter T, Liu C, Yang Y, Luther JM, De Wolf S, Kanatzidis MG, Yan Y, Sargent EH. Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems. Nature 2023; 613:676-681. [PMID: 36379225 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3-5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite-electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chongwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasha Abbas Awni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Keane RK, Hong W, He W, Teale S, Bancroft R, Dinsmore AD. Adsorption of Hydrophilic Silica Nanoparticles at Oil-Water Interfaces with Reversible Emulsion Stabilization by Ion Partitioning. Langmuir 2022; 38:2821-2831. [PMID: 35188775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of particles at oil-water interfaces is the basis of Pickering emulsions, which are common in nature and industry. For hydrophilic anionic particles, electrostatic repulsion and the absence of wetting inhibit spontaneous adsorption and limit the scope of materials that can be used in emulsion-based applications. Here, we explore how adding ions that selectively partition in the two fluid phases changes the interfacial electric potential and drives particle adsorption. We add oil-soluble tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP) to the nonpolar phase and Ludox silica nanoparticles or silica microparticles to the aqueous phase. We find a well-defined threshold TBAP concentration, above which emulsions are stable for months. This threshold increases with the particle concentration and with the oil's dielectric constant. Adding NaClO4 salt to water increases the threshold and causes spontaneous particle desorption and droplet coalescence even without agitation. The results are explained by a model based on the Poisson-Boltzmann theory, which predicts that the perchlorate anions (ClO4-) migrate into the water phase and leave behind a net positive charge in the oil. Our results show how a large class of inorganic hydrophilic, anionic nanoparticles can be used to stabilize emulsions in a reversible and stimulus-responsive way, without surface modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Keane
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wei He
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Robbie Bancroft
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anthony D Dinsmore
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Li Z, Xu J, Dong Y, Chen B, Park SM, Ma D, Lee S, Huang JE, Teale S, Voznyy O, Sargent EH. Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Quantum Dots in Perovskite Matrix for Sky-Blue Light-Emitting Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4009-4016. [PMID: 35192324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epitaxial growth of a perovskite matrix on quantum dots (QDs) has enabled the emergence of efficient red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because it unites efficient charge transport with strong surface passivation. However, the synthesis of wide-band gap (Eg) QD-in-matrix heterostructures has so far remained elusive in the case of sky-blue LEDs. Here, we developed CsPbBr3 QD-in-perovskite matrix solids that enable high luminescent efficiency and spectral stability with an optical Eg of over 2.6 eV. We screened alloy candidates that modulate the perovskite Eg and allow heteroepitaxy, seeking to implement lattice-matched type-I band alignment. Specifically, we introduced a CsPb1-xSrxBr3 matrix, in which alloying with Sr2+ increased the Eg of the perovskite and minimized lattice mismatch. We then developed an approach to passivation that would overcome the hygroscopic nature of Sr2+. We found that bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide strongly coordinates with Sr2+ and provides steric hindrance to block H2O, a finding obtained by combining molecular dynamics simulations with experimental results. The resulting QD-in-matrix solids exhibit enhanced air- and photo-stability with efficient charge transport from the matrix to the QDs. LEDs made from this material exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 13.8% and a brightness exceeding 6000 cd m-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ziliang Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yitong Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongxin Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianan Erick Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto M5S 1A4, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen B, Chen H, Hou Y, Xu J, Teale S, Bertens K, Chen H, Proppe A, Zhou Q, Yu D, Xu K, Vafaie M, Liu Y, Dong Y, Jung EH, Zheng C, Zhu T, Ning Z, Sargent EH. Passivation of the Buried Interface via Preferential Crystallization of 2D Perovskite on Metal Oxide Transport Layers. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103394. [PMID: 34425038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of perovskite solar cells is limited by non-radiative recombination at perovskite/carrier transport layer (CTL) interfaces. 2D perovskite post-treatments offer a means to passivate the top interface; whereas, accessing and passivating the buried interface underneath the perovskite film requires new material synthesis strategies. It is posited that perovskite ink containing species that bind strongly to substrates can spontaneously form a passivating layer with the bottom CTL. The concept using organic spacer cations with rich NH2 groups is implemented, where readily available hydrogens have large binding affinity to under-coordinated oxygens on the metal oxide substrate surface, inducing preferential crystallization of a thin 2D layer at the buried interface. The passivation effect of this 2D layer is examined using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy: the 2D interlayer suppresses non-radiative recombination at the buried perovskite/CTL interface, leading to a 72% reduction in surface recombination velocity. This strategy enables a 65 mV increase in Voc for NiOx based p-i-n devices, and a 100 mV increase in Voc for SnO2 -based n-i-p devices. Inverted solar cells with 20.1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) for 1.70 eV and 22.9% PCE for 1.55 eV bandgap perovskites are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Andrew Proppe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Qilin Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Danni Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kaimin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yitong Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Eui Hyuk Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang X, Li H, Zhou Q, Wei Q, Wei M, Jiang L, Wang Z, Peng Z, Wang F, Zang Z, Xu K, Hou Y, Teale S, Zhou W, Si R, Gao X, Sargent EH, Ning Z. One-Step Synthesis of SnI 2·(DMSO) x Adducts for High-Performance Tin Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10970-10976. [PMID: 34196528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary thin-film photovoltaic (PV) materials contain elements that are scarce (CIGS) or regulated (CdTe and lead-based perovskites), a fact that may limit the widespread impact of these emerging PV technologies. Tin halide perovskites utilize materials less stringently regulated than the lead (Pb) employed in mainstream perovskite solar cells; however, even today's best tin-halide perovskite thin films suffer from limited carrier diffusion length and poor film morphology. We devised a synthetic route to enable in situ reaction between metallic Sn and I2 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a reaction that generates a highly coordinated SnI2·(DMSO)x adduct that is well-dispersed in the precursor solution. The adduct directs out-of-plane crystal orientation and achieves a more homogeneous structure in polycrystalline perovskite thin films. This approach improves the electron diffusion length of tin-halide perovskite to 290 ± 20 nm compared to 210 ± 20 nm in reference films. We fabricate tin-halide perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 14.6% as certified in an independent lab. This represents a ∼20% increase compared to the previous best-performing certified tin-halide perovskite solar cells. The cells outperform prior earth-abundant and heavy-metal-free inorganic-active-layer-based thin-film solar cells such as those based on amorphous silicon, Cu2ZnSn(S/Se)4 , and Sb2(S/Se)3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hansheng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qilin Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Luozhen Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zihao Zang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kaimin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Wenjia Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rui Si
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Proppe AH, Johnston A, Teale S, Mahata A, Quintero-Bermudez R, Jung EH, Grater L, Cui T, Filleter T, Kim CY, Kelley SO, De Angelis F, Sargent EH. Multication perovskite 2D/3D interfaces form via progressive dimensional reduction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3472. [PMID: 34108463 PMCID: PMC8190276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the best-performing perovskite photovoltaic devices make use of 2D/3D interfaces, which improve efficiency and stability – but it remains unclear how the conversion of 3D-to-2D perovskite occurs and how these interfaces are assembled. Here, we use in situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering to resolve 2D/3D interface formation during spin-coating. We observe progressive dimensional reduction from 3D to n = 3 → 2 → 1 when we expose (MAPbBr3)0.05(FAPbI3)0.95 perovskites to vinylbenzylammonium ligand cations. Density functional theory simulations suggest ligands incorporate sequentially into the 3D lattice, driven by phenyl ring stacking, progressively bisecting the 3D perovskite into lower-dimensional fragments to form stable interfaces. Slowing the 2D/3D transformation with higher concentrations of antisolvent yields thinner 2D layers formed conformally onto 3D grains, improving carrier extraction and device efficiency (20% 3D-only, 22% 2D/3D). Controlling this progressive dimensional reduction has potential to further improve the performance of 2D/3D perovskite photovoltaics. Many best-performing perovskite photovoltaics use 2D/3D interfaces to improve efficiency and stability, yet the mechanism of interface assembly is unclear. Here, Proppe et al. use in-situ GIWAXS to resolve this transformation, observing progressive dimensional reduction from 3D to 2D perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Johnston
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arup Mahata
- D3-Computation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (CNR-SCITEC), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Perugia, Italy
| | - Rafael Quintero-Bermudez
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eui Hyuk Jung
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- D3-Computation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (CNR-SCITEC), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Perugia, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teale S, Proppe AH, Jung EH, Johnston A, Parmar DH, Chen B, Hou Y, Kelley SO, Sargent EH. Dimensional Mixing Increases the Efficiency of 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5115-5119. [PMID: 32511932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2D/3D heterojunction perovskite solar cells have demonstrated superior efficiency and stability compared to their fully 3D counterparts. Previous studies have focused on producing 2D layers containing predominantly n = 1 perovskite quantum wells. In this report we demonstrate a technique to introduce dimensional mixing into the 2D layer, and we show that this leads to more efficient devices relative to controls. Simulations suggest that the improvements are due to a reduction in trap state density and superior band alignment between the 3D/2D perovskite and the hole-transporting layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Andrew H Proppe
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Eui Hyuk Jung
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Andrew Johnston
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Yi Hou
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
| |
Collapse
|