1
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Chen H, Liu C, Xu J, Maxwell A, Zhou W, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Bati ASR, Wan H, Wang Z, Zeng L, Wang J, Serles P, Liu Y, Teale S, Liu Y, Saidaminov MI, Li M, Rolston N, Hoogland S, Filleter T, Kanatzidis MG, Chen B, Ning Z, Sargent EH. Improved charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells with dual-site-binding ligands. Science 2024; 384:189-193. [PMID: 38603485 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Inverted (pin) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) afford improved operating stability in comparison to their nip counterparts but have lagged in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The energetic losses responsible for this PCE deficit in pin PSCs occur primarily at the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge-transport layers. Additive and surface treatments that use passivating ligands usually bind to a single active binding site: This dense packing of electrically resistive passivants perpendicular to the surface may limit the fill factor in pin PSCs. We identified ligands that bind two neighboring lead(II) ion (Pb2+) defect sites in a planar ligand orientation on the perovskite. We fabricated pin PSCs and report a certified quasi-steady state PCE of 26.15 and 24.74% for 0.05- and 1.04-square centimeter illuminated areas, respectively. The devices retain 95% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours of continuous 1 sun maximum power point operation at 65°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qilin Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muzhi Li
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Nicholas Rolston
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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2
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Jin L, Yu Z, Au A, Serles P, Wang N, Lant JT, Filleter T, Yip CM. P-TDHM: Open-source portable telecentric digital holographic microscope. HardwareX 2024; 17:e00508. [PMID: 38327674 PMCID: PMC10847153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We present the design of a low-cost, portable telecentric digital holographic microscope (P-TDHM) that utilizes off-the-shelf components. We describe the system's hardware and software elements and evaluate its performance by imaging samples ranging from nano-printed targets to live HeLa cells, HEK293 cells, and Dolichospermum via both in-line and off-axis modes. Our results demonstrate that the system can acquire high quality quantitative phase images with nanometer axial and sub-micron lateral resolution in a small form factor, making it a promising candidate for resource-limited settings and remote locations. Our design represents a significant step forward in making telecentric digital holographic microscopy accessible and affordable to the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ziyang Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Au
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 527 College Avenue, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Lant
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Yip
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, 200 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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3
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Park SM, Wei M, Lempesis N, Yu W, Hossain T, Agosta L, Carnevali V, Atapattu HR, Serles P, Eickemeyer FT, Shin H, Vafaie M, Choi D, Darabi K, Jung ED, Yang Y, Kim DB, Zakeeruddin SM, Chen B, Amassian A, Filleter T, Kanatzidis MG, Graham KR, Xiao L, Rothlisberger U, Grätzel M, Sargent EH. Low-loss contacts on textured substrates for inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature 2023; 624:289-294. [PMID: 37871614 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promise enhanced operating stability compared to their normal-structure counterparts1-3. To improve efficiency further, it is crucial to combine effective light management with low interfacial losses4,5. Here we develop a conformal self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as the hole-selective contact on light-managing textured substrates. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that cluster formation during phosphonic acid adsorption leads to incomplete SAM coverage. We devise a co-adsorbent strategy that disassembles high-order clusters, thus homogenizing the distribution of phosphonic acid molecules, and thereby minimizing interfacial recombination and improving electronic structures. We report a laboratory-measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.3% and a certified quasi-steady-state PCE of 24.8% for inverted PSCs, with a photocurrent approaching 95% of the Shockley-Queisser maximum. An encapsulated device having a PCE of 24.6% at room temperature retains 95% of its peak performance when stressed at 65 °C and 50% relative humidity following more than 1,000 h of maximum power point tracking under 1 sun illumination. This represents one of the most stable PSCs subjected to accelerated ageing: achieved with a PCE surpassing 24%. The engineering of phosphonic acid adsorption on textured substrates offers a promising avenue for efficient and stable PSCs. It is also anticipated to benefit other optoelectronic devices that require light management.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Lempesis
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wenjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tareq Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Agosta
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Carnevali
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heejong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deokjae Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kasra Darabi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Da Bin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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4
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Kumral B, Demingos PG, Cui T, Serles P, Barri N, Singh CV, Filleter T. Defect Engineering of Graphene for Dynamic Reliability. Small 2023; 19:e2302145. [PMID: 37291948 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interface between two-dimensional (2D) materials and soft, stretchable polymeric substrates is a governing criterion in proposed 2D materials-based flexible devices. This interface is dominated by weak van der Waals forces and there is a large mismatch in elastic constants between the contact materials. Under dynamic loading, slippage, and decoupling of the 2D material is observed, which then leads to extensive damage propagation in the 2D lattice. Herein, graphene is functionalized through mild and controlled defect engineering for a fivefold increase in adhesion at the graphene-polymer interface. Adhesion is characterized experimentally using buckling-based metrology, while molecular dynamics simulations reveal the role of individual defects in the context of adhesion. Under in situ cyclic loading, the increased adhesion inhibits damage initiation and interfacial fatigue propagation within graphene. This work offers insight into achieving dynamically reliable and robust 2D material-polymer contacts, which can facilitate the development of 2D materials-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Kumral
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Pedro Guerra Demingos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nima Barri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
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5
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Khatir B, Azimi Dijvejin Z, Serles P, Filleter T, Golovin K. Molecularly Capped Omniphobic Polydimethylsiloxane Brushes with Ultra-Fast Contact Line Dynamics. Small 2023; 19:e2301142. [PMID: 37202658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Droplet friction is common and significant in any field where liquids interact with solid surfaces. This study explores the molecular capping of surface-tethered, liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes and its substantial effect on droplet friction and liquid repellency. By exchanging polymer chain terminal silanol groups for methyls using a single-step vapor phase reaction, the contact line relaxation time is decreased by three orders of magnitude-from seconds to milliseconds. This leads to a substantial reduction in the static and kinetic friction of both high- and low-surface tension fluids. Vertical droplet oscillatory imaging confirms the ultra-fast contact line dynamics of capped PDMS brushes, which is corroborated by live contact angle monitoring during fluid flow. This study proposes that truly omniphobic surfaces should not only have very small contact angle hysteresis, but their contact line relaxation time should be significantly shorter than the timescale of their useful application, i.e., a Deborah number less than unity. Capped PDMS brushes that meet these criteria demonstrate complete suppression of the coffee ring effect, excellent anti-fouling behavior, directional droplet transport, increased water harvesting performance, and transparency retention following the evaporation of non-Newtonian fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Khatir
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zahra Azimi Dijvejin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
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6
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Chen H, Maxwell A, Li C, Teale S, Chen B, Zhu T, Ugur E, Harrison G, Grater L, Wang J, Wang Z, Zeng L, Park SM, Chen L, Serles P, Awni RA, Subedi B, Zheng X, Xiao C, Podraza NJ, Filleter T, Liu C, Yang Y, Luther JM, De Wolf S, Kanatzidis MG, Yan Y, Sargent EH. Publisher Correction: Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems. Nature 2023; 620:E15. [PMID: 37488360 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chongwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasha Abbas Awni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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7
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Wang S, Khan AA, Teale S, Xu J, Parmar DH, Zhao R, Grater L, Serles P, Zou Y, Filleter T, Seferos DS, Ban D, Sargent EH. Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1852. [PMID: 37012239 PMCID: PMC10070272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials convert between mechanical and electrical energy and are a basis for self-powered electronics. Current piezoelectrics exhibit either large charge (d33) or voltage (g33) coefficients but not both simultaneously, and yet the maximum energy density for energy harvesting is determined by the transduction coefficient: d33*g33. In prior piezoelectrics, an increase in polarization usually accompanies a dramatic rise in the dielectric constant, resulting in trade off between d33 and g33. This recognition led us to a design concept: increase polarization through Jahn-Teller lattice distortion and reduce the dielectric constant using a highly confined 0D molecular architecture. With this in mind, we sought to insert a quasi-spherical cation into a Jahn-Teller distorted lattice, increasing the mechanical response for a large piezoelectric coefficient. We implemented this concept by developing EDABCO-CuCl4 (EDABCO = N-ethyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium), a molecular piezoelectric with a d33 of 165 pm/V and g33 of ~2110 × 10-3 V m N-1, one that achieved thusly a combined transduction coefficient of 348 × 10-12 m3 J-1. This enables piezoelectric energy harvesting in EDABCO-CuCl4@PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film with a peak power density of 43 µW/cm2 (at 50 kPa), the highest value reported for mechanical energy harvesters based on heavy-metal-free molecular piezoelectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Asif Abdullah Khan
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dayan Ban
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
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8
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Chen H, Maxwell A, Li C, Teale S, Chen B, Zhu T, Ugur E, Harrison G, Grater L, Wang J, Wang Z, Zeng L, Park SM, Chen L, Serles P, Awni RA, Subedi B, Zheng X, Xiao C, Podraza NJ, Filleter T, Liu C, Yang Y, Luther JM, De Wolf S, Kanatzidis MG, Yan Y, Sargent EH. Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems. Nature 2023; 613:676-681. [PMID: 36379225 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3-5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite-electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chongwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junke Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasha Abbas Awni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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9
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Abstract
2D materials are well-known for their low-friction behavior by modifying the interfacial forces at atomic surfaces. Of the wide range of 2D materials, MXenes represent an emerging material class but their lubricating behavior has been scarcely investigated. Herein, the friction mechanisms of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXenes are demonstrated which are attributed to their surface terminations. We find that Ti3C2Tx MXenes do not exhibit the well-known frictional layer dependence of other 2D materials. Instead, the nanoscale lubricity of 2D MXenes is governed by the termination species resulting from synthesis. Annealing the MXenes demonstrate a 7% reduction in OH termination which translates to a 16-57% reduction of friction in agreement with DFT calculations. Finally, the stability of MXene flakes is demonstrated upon isolation from their aqueous environment. This work indicates that MXenes can provide sustainable lubricity at any thickness which makes them uniquely positioned among 2D material lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pedro Guerra Demingos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nima Barri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hayden Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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10
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Hamidinejad M, Arif T, Wang G, Rezaei S, Serles P, Taylor HK, Park CB, Filleter T. Sectorization of Macromolecular Single Crystals Unveiled by Probing Shear Anisotropy. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:53-59. [PMID: 35574781 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer single crystals continue to infiltrate emerging technologies such as flexible organic field-effect transistors because of their excellent translational symmetry and chemical purity. However, owing to the methodological challenges, direct imaging of the polymer chains folding direction resulting in sectorization of single crystals has rarely been investigated. Herein, we directly image the sectorization of polymer single crystals through anisotropic elastic deformation on the surface of macromolecular single crystals. A variant of friction force microscopy, in which the scanning direction of the probe tip is parallel with the cantilever axis, allows for high contrast imaging of the sectorization in polymer single crystals. The lateral deflection of the cantilever resulting from shear forces transverse to the scan direction shows a close connection with the in-plane components of the elastic tensor of the polymer single crystals, which is of a fundamentally different origin than the friction forces. This allows for fast, facile, and nondestructive characterization of the microstructure and in-plane elastic anisotropy of compliant crystalline materials such as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Taib Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guorui Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sasan Rezaei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chul B. Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
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11
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Meiyazhagan A, Serles P, Salpekar D, Oliveira EF, Alemany LB, Fu R, Gao G, Arif T, Vajtai R, Swaminathan V, Galvao DS, Khabashesku VN, Filleter T, Ajayan PM. Gas-Phase Fluorination of Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2106084. [PMID: 34617333 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has received much attention in recent years as a 2D dielectric material with potential applications ranging from catalysts to electronics. hBN is a stable covalent compound with a planar hexagonal lattice and is relatively unreactive to most chemical environments, making the chemical functionalization of hBN challenging. Here, a simple, scalable strategy to fluorinate hBN using a direct gas-phase fluorination technique is reported. The nature of fluorine bonding to the hBN lattice and their chemical coordination are described based on various characterization studies and theoretical models. The fluorine functionalized hBN shows a bandgap reduction and displays a semiconducting behavior due to the fluorination process. Additionally, the fluorinated hBN shows significant improvement in its thermal and friction properties, which could be substantial in applications such as lubricants and thermal fluids. Theory and simulations reveal that the enhanced friction properties of fluorinated hBN result from reduced inter-planar interaction energy by electrostatic repulsion of intercalated fluorine atoms between hBN layers without significant disruption of the in-plane lattice. This technique paves the way for the fluorination of several other 2D structures for various applications such as magnetism and functional nanoscale electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- AshokKumar Meiyazhagan
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, The University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Devashish Salpekar
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Eliezer Fernando Oliveira
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Group of Organic Solids and New Materials, Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-861, Brazil
- Center for Computational Engineering and Sciences (CCES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-861, Brazil
| | - Lawrence B Alemany
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Taib Arif
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, The University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Douglas S Galvao
- Group of Organic Solids and New Materials, Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-861, Brazil
- Center for Computational Engineering and Sciences (CCES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-861, Brazil
| | - Valery N Khabashesku
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, The University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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12
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Serles P, Arif T, Puthirath AB, Yadav S, Wang G, Cui T, Balan AP, Yadav TP, Thibeorchews P, Chakingal N, Costin G, Singh CV, Ajayan PM, Filleter T. Friction of magnetene, a non-van der Waals 2D material. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabk2041. [PMID: 34788102 PMCID: PMC8597991 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are known to have low-friction interfaces by reducing the energy dissipated by sliding contacts. While this is often attributed to van der Waals (vdW) bonding of 2D materials, nanoscale and quantum confinement effects can also act to modify the atomic interactions of a 2D material, producing unique interfacial properties. Here, we demonstrate the low-friction behavior of magnetene, a non-vdW 2D material obtained via the exfoliation of magnetite, showing statistically similar friction to benchmark vdW 2D materials. We find that this low friction is due to 2D confinement effects of minimized potential energy surface corrugation, lowered valence states reducing surface adsorbates, and forbidden low-damping phonon modes, all of which contribute to producing a low-friction 2D material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Taib Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Anand B. Puthirath
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Shwetank Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Guorui Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aravind Puthirath Balan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- National Graphene Institute (NGI) and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thakur Prasad Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | | | - Nithya Chakingal
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Gelu Costin
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Corresponding author. (T.F.); (P.M.A.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.F.); (P.M.A.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Corresponding author. (T.F.); (P.M.A.); (C.V.S.)
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