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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Correa-Basurto J, Valencia-Hernández I, Amezcua-Gutiérrez MA, Padilla-Martínez II, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (R)-4-(2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl hydrogen phenylboronate: a novel salbutamol derivative with high intrinsic efficacy on the β2 adrenoceptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5623-9. [PMID: 20805027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested a set of boron containing arylethanolamine derivatives on the human and guinea pig β(2) adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) 3-D structures by docking methodology. The compound with the highest affinity based on docking analysis, (R)-4-(2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl hydrogen phenylboronate (boronterol) was synthesized, characterized and tested in guinea pig tracheal rings at basal tone and with histamine-induced contractions. Boronterol was at least eightfold more potent than salbutamol as a smooth muscle relaxant drug (judged by the EC(50) values) and showed a similar maximal relaxant effect as isoproterenol. ICI118,551 showed competitive antagonism on the relaxing effect of boronterol. These results suggest the β(2)AR agonist action of boronterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón 11340, Mexico.
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Konstantinidou V, Covas M, Muñoz‐Aguayo D, Khymenets O, Torre R, Saez G, Carmen Tormos M, Toledo E, Marti A, Ruiz‐Gutiérrez V, Mendez MVR, Fito M. In vivo
nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial. FASEB J 2010; 24:2546-57. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-148452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentini Konstantinidou
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Medica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar) Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria‐Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Medica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar) Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniel Muñoz‐Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Medica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar) Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar)Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar)Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
| | - Guillermo Saez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Maria Carmen Tormos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NavarraNavarraSpain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition Food Science Physiology and ToxicologyUniversity of NavarraNavarraSpain
| | | | | | - Montserrat Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research GroupInstitut Municipal d’Investigació Medica (IMIM‐Hospital del Mar) Centro de Investigación Biomédica Eu Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónBarcelonaSpain
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Koopman R, Ryall JG, Church JE, Lynch GS. The role of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in skeletal muscle: therapeutic implications for muscle wasting disorders. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:601-6. [PMID: 19741516 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e3283318a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The beta-adrenergic signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic target for skeletal muscle wasting disorders due to its roles in regulating protein synthesis and degradation. beta-Adrenoceptor agonists (beta-agonists) have therapeutic potential for attenuating muscle wasting associated with sarcopenia (age-related muscle wasting), cancer cachexia, sepsis, disuse, burns, HIV-AIDS, chronic kidney or heart failure, and neuromuscular diseases such as the muscular dystrophies. This review describes the role of beta-adrenergic signaling in the mechanisms controlling muscle wasting due to its effects on protein synthesis, protein degradation, and muscle fiber phenotype. RECENT FINDINGS Stimulation of the beta-adrenergic signaling pathway with beta-agonists has therapeutic potential for muscle wasting since administration can elicit an anabolic response in skeletal muscle. As a consequence of their potent muscle anabolic actions, the effects of beta-agonist administration have been examined in several animal models and human conditions of muscle wasting in the hope of discovering a new therapeutic. The repartitioning characteristics of beta-agonists (increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass) have also made them attractive anabolic agents for use in livestock and by some athletes. However, potentially deleterious cardiovascular side-effects of beta-agonists have been identified and these will need to be obviated in order for the therapeutic potential of beta-agonists to be realized. SUMMARY Multiple studies have identified anticachectic effects of beta-agonists and their therapeutic potential for pathologic states when muscle protein hypercatabolism is indicated. Future studies examining beta-agonist administration for muscle wasting conditions need to separate beneficial effects on skeletal muscle from potentially deleterious effects on the heart and cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Konstantinidou V, Khymenets O, Covas MI, de la Torre R, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Anglada R, Farré M, Fito M. Time Course of Changes in the Expression of Insulin Sensitivity-Related Genes after an Acute Load of Virgin Olive Oil. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2009; 13:431-8. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2008.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentini Konstantinidou
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Anglada
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magi Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Cipolletta E, Campanile A, Santulli G, Sanzari E, Leosco D, Campiglia P, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. The G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 plays an essential role in beta-adrenergic receptor-induced insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:407-15. [PMID: 19620130 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Insulin (Ins) resistance (IRES) associates to increased cardiovascular risk as observed in metabolic syndrome. Chronic stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (betaAR) due to exaggerated sympathetic nervous system activity is involved in the pathogenesis of IRES. The cellular levels of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) increase during chronic betaAR stimulation, leading to betaAR desensitization. We tested the hypothesis that GRK2 plays a role in betaAR-induced IRES. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated Ins-induced glucose uptake and signalling responses in vitro in cell overexpressing the beta(2)AR, the GRK2, or the catalytically dead mutant GRK2-DN. In a model of increased adrenergic activity, IRES and elevated cellular GRK2 levels, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) we performed the intravenous glucose tolerance test load. To inhibit GRK2, we synthesized a peptide based on the catalytical sequence of GRK2 conjugated with the antennapedia internalization sequence (Ant-124). Ins in human kidney embryonic (HEK-293) cells causes rapid accumulation of GRK2, tyrosine phosphorylation of Ins receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and induces glucose uptake. In the same cell type, transgenic beta(2)AR overexpression causes GRK2 accumulation associated with significant deficit of IRS1 activation and glucose uptake by Ins. Similarly, transgenic GRK2 overexpression prevents Ins-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and glucose uptake, whereas GRK2-DN ameliorates glucose extraction. By immunoprecipitation, GRK2 binds IRS1 but not the Ins receptor in an Ins-dependent fashion, which is lost in HEK-GRK2 cells. Ant-124 improves Ins-induced glucose uptake in HEK-293 and HEK-GRK2 cells, but does not prevent GRK2/IRS1 interaction. In SHR, Ant-124 infusion for 30 days ameliorates IRES and IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GRK2 mediates adrenergic IRES and that inhibition of GRK2 activity leads to increased Ins sensitivity both in cells and in animal model of IRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Cipolletta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche, Università Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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56
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Qu LL, Guo NN, Li BM. β1- and β2-Adrenoceptors in basolateral nucleus of amygdala and their roles in consolidation of fear memory in rats. Hippocampus 2008; 18:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sato S, Nomura S, Kawano F, Tanihata J, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Effects of the beta2-agonist clenbuterol on beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor mRNA expressions of rat skeletal and left ventricle muscles. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:393-400. [PMID: 18678986 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08097fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta2-agonist clenbuterol [4-amino-alpha(t-butyl-amino)methyl-3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol] is used as a non-steroidal anabolic drug for sports doping. The effects of clenbuterol on the transcriptional process and mRNA stability of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) in skeletal and cardiac muscles are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of clenbuterol on beta1- and beta2-AR mRNA expressions of fast-twitch fiber-rich extensor digitorum longus (EDL), slow-twitch fiber-rich soleus (SOL), and left ventricle (LV) muscles by real-time RT-PCR. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the clenbuterol-administered group and control group. The administration (dose = 1.0 mg/kg body weight/day, s.c.) of clenbuterol was maintained for 10 days. The administration of clenbuterol significantly increased the weight, RNA concentration, and total RNA content of EDL muscle. No effects of clenbuterol on those of SOL and LV muscles, however, were observed. The administration of clenbuterol significantly decreased beta1-AR mRNA expression of LV muscle. Furthermore, the administration of clenbuterol significantly decreased beta2-AR mRNA expression of EDL and LV muscles. No effect of clenbuterol on beta2-AR mRNA expression of SOL muscle, however, was observed. These results suggest that the effects of clenbuterol on beta1- and beta2-AR mRNA expressions and muscle hypertrophy depend on muscle fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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58
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Shirato K, Tanihata J, Motohashi N, Tachiyashiki K, Tomoda A, Imaizumi K. Beta2-agonist clenbuterol induced changes in the distribution of white blood cells in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:146-52. [PMID: 17558185 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol [CLE: 4-amino-alpha(t-butyl-amino)methyl-3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol] is well known as a potent beta2-adrenergic agonist and non-steroidal anabolic drug, and thus it is generally used for sports doping and asthma therapy. Although the functions of immune cells such as white blood cells (WBCs) have shown to be modulated through beta2-adrenoceptors, the effects of CLE on immune-responsive systems have not been elucidated systematically. Therefore, the effects of CLE on the number of WBCs were studied in rats. Male adult rats were divided into CLE-administered group and the control group to compare the number of total WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. The administration (dose = 1.0 mg . kg(-1) body weight . day(-1), s.c.) of CLE was maintained for 30 days. CLE did not change the number of total WBCs during the experimental period. However, CLE increased significantly the number of neutrophils and monocytes, while CLE decreased drastically the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils. There was no significant change in the number of basophils between both groups. These results suggest that the administration of CLE induces drastic redistribution of WBCs in circulation without changing the number of total WBCs, and these responses of WBCs during the administration of CLE are sustained for at least 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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59
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Guo NN, Li BM. Cellular and subcellular distributions of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2007; 146:298-305. [PMID: 17337326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptors (ARs) in the hippocampus play an important role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. However, little is known about the distributions of beta-ARs in the hippocampus, especially in the cornu ammonis (CA)1 and CA3 regions of Sprague-Dawley rats. Here, we report that beta1- and beta2-ARs in the CA1 and CA3 regions have differential subcellular distributions. Using double immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that almost all of the neuronal nuclei positive cells express beta1- and beta2-ARs, while few glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells express them. Interestingly, beta1-ARs are predominantly distributed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, whereas beta2-ARs are predominantly distributed not only in the membrane and cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus. The differential subcellular distribution of beta1- and beta2-ARs may have functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-N Guo
- Laboratory of Higher Brain Functions, Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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60
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Battram C, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud B, Dowling MR, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard JR, Leighton-Davies JR, Lewis CA, McEvoy L, Turner RJ, Trifilieff A. In Vitro and in Vivo Pharmacological Characterization of 5-[(R)-2-(5,6-Diethyl-indan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (Indacaterol), a Novel Inhaled β2 Adrenoceptor Agonist with a 24-h Duration of Action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317:762-70. [PMID: 16434564 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.098251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the preclinical pharmacological profile of 5-[(R)-2-(5,6-diethyl-indan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (indacaterol), a novel, chirally pure inhaled beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist, in comparison with marketed drugs. Indacaterol is close to a full agonist at the human beta(2) adrenoceptor (E(max) = 73 +/- 1% of the maximal effect of isoprenaline; pEC(50) = 8.06 +/- 0.02), whereas salmeterol displays only partial efficacy (38 +/- 1%). The functional selectivity profile of indacaterol over beta(1) human adrenoceptors is similar to that of formoterol, whereas its beta(3) adrenoceptor selectivity profile is similar to that of formoterol and salbutamol. In isolated superfused guinea pig trachea, indacaterol has a fast onset of action (30 +/- 4 min) similar to formoterol and salbutamol, and a long duration of action (529 +/- 99 min) comparable with salmeterol. In the conscious guinea pig, when given intratracheally as a dry powder, indacaterol inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced bronchoconstriction for at least 24 h, whereas salmeterol, formoterol, and salbutamol have durations of action of 12, 4, and 2 h, respectively. When given via nebulization to anesthetized rhesus monkeys, all of the compounds dose-dependently inhibit methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, although indacaterol produces the most prolonged bronchoprotective effect and induces the lowest increase in heart rate for a similar degree of antibronchoconstrictor activity. In conclusion, the preclinical profile of indacaterol suggests that this compound has a superior duration of action compatible with once-daily dosing in human, together with a fast onset of action and an improved cardiovascular safety profile over marketed inhaled beta(2) adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff Battram
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Horsham, United Kingdom
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Jurgens CWD, Rau KE, Knudson CA, King JD, Carr PA, Porter JE, Doze VA. Beta1 adrenergic receptor-mediated enhancement of hippocampal CA3 network activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:552-60. [PMID: 15908512 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.085332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine is an endogenous neurotransmitter distributed throughout the mammalian brain. In higher cortical structures such as the hippocampus, norepinephrine, via beta adrenergic receptor (AR) activation, has been shown to reinforce the cognitive processes of attention and memory. In this study, we investigated the effect of beta1AR activation on hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) network activity. AR expression was first determined using immunocytochemistry with antibodies against beta1ARs, which were found to be exceptionally dense in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. CA3 network activity was then examined in vitro using field potential recordings in rat brain slices. The selective betaAR agonist isoproterenol caused an enhancement of hippocampal CA3 network activity, as measured by an increase in frequency of spontaneous burst discharges recorded in the CA3 region. In the presence of alphaAR blockade, concentration-response curves for isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine suggested that a beta1AR was involved in this response, and the rank order of potency was isoproterenol > norepinephrine = epinephrine. Finally, equilibrium dissociation constants (pK(b)) of subtype-selective betaAR antagonists were functionally determined to characterize the AR subtype modulating hippocampal CA3 activity. The selective beta1AR antagonists atenolol and metoprolol blocked isoproterenol-induced enhancement, with apparent K(b) values of 85 +/- 36 and 3.9 +/- 1.7 nM, respectively. In contrast, the selective beta2AR antagonists ICI-118,551 and butoxamine inhibited isoproterenol-mediated enhancement with apparent low affinities (K(b) of 222 +/- 61 and 9268 +/- 512 nM, respectively). Together, this pharmacological profile of subtype-selective betaAR antagonists indicates that in this model, beta1AR activation is responsible for the enhanced hippocampal CA3 network activity initiated by isoproterenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris W D Jurgens
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
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Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Lacka B, Pesonen U, Wang WYS, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Grzeszczak W, Dominiczak AF. Epistatic interaction between beta2-adrenergic receptor and neuropeptide Y genes influences LDL-cholesterol in hypertension. Hypertension 2004; 44:689-94. [PMID: 15364898 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000143844.81979.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-adrenergic receptor gene and neuropeptide Y gene may potentially influence lipid metabolism and overall energy balance. Therefore, we examined associations of these genes with lipid fractions and obesity-related phenotypes in hypertensive subjects. A total of 638 white individuals from 212 Polish families with clustering of essential hypertension were phenotyped for cardiovascular risk determinants. Each subject was genotyped for functional polymorphisms of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene (Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu) and neuropeptide Y (Leu7Pro). Of 3 common haplotypes of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene, Arg16Gln27 was overtransmitted to offspring with elevated levels of total cholesterol (Z=2.2; P=0.026) and LDL-cholesterol (Z=3.2; P=0.002). Individually, Leu7Pro was not associated with any of the metabolic phenotypes in family-based tests or case-control analyses. However, in the presence of Arg allele of Arg16Gly and Gln allele of Gln27Glu, homozygosity for Leu variant of the Leu7Pro polymorphism was associated with 2.1-increased odds ratio (confidence interval, 1.10 to 3.81; P=0.024) of elevated LDL in hypertensive subjects, independent of age, gender, body mass index, adjusted blood pressures, antihypertensive therapy, and use of nonselective beta-blockers and diuretics. Consistently, there was a significant multilocus association among variants of Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Leu7Pro in hypertensive probands with elevated LDL (cases; P=0.028) but not in hypertensive subjects with normal LDL (controls). This study revealed an association of LDL-cholesterol with beta2-adrenergic receptor gene haplotype and provided evidence for epistatic interaction between beta2-adrenergic receptor gene and neuropeptide Y gene in determination of LDL-cholesterol in patients with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tomaszewski
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, United Kingdom.
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63
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Anis Y, Leshem O, Reuveni H, Wexler I, Ben Sasson R, Yahalom B, Laster M, Raz I, Ben Sasson S, Shafrir E, Ziv E. Antidiabetic effect of novel modulating peptides of G-protein-coupled kinase in experimental models of diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1232-1244. [PMID: 15235770 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) play a key role in agonist-induced desensitisation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are involved in metabolic regulation and glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to examine whether small peptides derived from the catalytic domain of GRK2 and -3 would ameliorate Type 2 diabetes in three separate animal models of diabetes. METHODS Synthetic peptides derived from a kinase-substrate interaction site in GRK2/3 were initially screened for their effect on in vitro melanogenesis, a GRK-mediated process. The most effective peptides were administered intraperitoneally, utilising a variety of dosing regimens, to Psammomys obesus gerbils, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, or db/db mice. The metabolic effects of these peptides were assessed by measuring fasting and fed blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance. RESULTS Two peptides, KRX-683(107) and KRX-683(124), significantly reduced fed-state blood glucose levels in the diabetic Psammomys obesus. In animals treated with KRX-683(124) at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg weekly for 7 weeks, ten of eleven treated animals responded with mean blood glucose significantly lower than controls (4.7+/-0.4 vs 16.8+/-0.8 mmol/l, p</=0.0001). Significant reductions in blood glucose compared with controls were also seen in ZDF rats administered KRX-683(124) and in db/db mice, which had significantly reduced fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sequence-based peptides derived from GRK2/3 have an antidiabetic effect demonstrated in three different animal models of Type 2 diabetes. By modulating GRK2/3 activity, these peptides enhance GPCR-initiated signal transduction, resulting in improved glucose homeostasis. Sequence-based peptide modulation of GRK could prove useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Anis
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Leshem
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Reuveni
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Wexler
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Ben Sasson
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - B Yahalom
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Laster
- Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Raz
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - S Ben Sasson
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Shafrir
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - E Ziv
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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