51
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li L, Yin H, Li D, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhu Q. Circadian clock genes are rhythmically expressed in specific segments of the hen oviduct. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1653-1659. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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52
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Chicken genome modelling for the benefit of science. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933915002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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53
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Doran TJ, Cooper CA, Jenkins KA, Tizard MLV. Advances in genetic engineering of the avian genome: "Realising the promise". Transgenic Res 2016; 25:307-19. [PMID: 26820412 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an historic perspective of the key steps from those reported at the 1st Transgenic Animal Research Conference in 1997 through to the very latest developments in avian transgenesis. Eighteen years later, on the occasion of the 10th conference in this series, we have seen breakthrough advances in the use of viral vectors and transposons to transform the germline via the direct manipulation of the chicken embryo, through to the establishment of PGC cultures allowing in vitro modification, expansion into populations to analyse the genetic modifications and then injection of these cells into embryos to create germline chimeras. We have now reached an unprecedented time in the history of chicken transgenic research where we have the technology to introduce precise, targeted modifications into the chicken genome, ranging from; new transgenes that provide improved phenotypes such as increased resilience to economically important diseases; the targeted disruption of immunoglobulin genes and replacement with human sequences to generate transgenic chickens that express "humanised" antibodies for biopharming; and the deletion of specific nucleotides to generate targeted gene knockout chickens for functional genomics. The impact of these advances is set to be realised through applications in chickens, and other bird species as models in scientific research, for novel biotechnology and to protect and improve agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Doran
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Caitlin A Cooper
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Kristie A Jenkins
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Mark L V Tizard
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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54
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Bertolini LR, Meade H, Lazzarotto CR, Martins LT, Tavares KC, Bertolini M, Murray JD. The transgenic animal platform for biopharmaceutical production. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:329-43. [PMID: 26820414 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant production of therapeutic proteins for human diseases is currently the largest source of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The market growth has been the driving force on efforts for the development of new therapeutic proteins, in which transgenesis emerges as key component. The use of the transgenic animal platform offers attractive possibilities, residing on the low production costs allied to high productivity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Although many strategies have evolved over the past decades for the generation of transgenic founders, transgenesis in livestock animals generally faces some challenges, mainly due to random transgene integration and control over transgene copy number. But new developments in gene editing with CRISPR/Cas system promises to revolutionize the field for its simplicity and high efficiency. In addition, for the final approval of any given recombinant protein for animal or human use, the production and characterization of bioreactor founders and expression patterns and functionality of the proteins are technical part of the process, which also requires regulatory and administrative decisions, with a large emphasis on biosafety. The approval of two mammary gland-derived recombinant proteins for commercial and clinical use has boosted the interest for more efficient, safer and economic ways to generate transgenic founders to meet the increasing demand for biomedical proteins worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bertolini
- Department of Pharmacology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - H Meade
- LFB, USA, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C R Lazzarotto
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - L T Martins
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - K C Tavares
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J D Murray
- Transgenics Lab, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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55
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Wu H, Cao D, Liu T, Zhao J, Hu X, Li N. Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Lysozyme from Eggs of Transgenic Chickens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146032. [PMID: 26713728 PMCID: PMC4694923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic chickens as bioreactors have several advantages, such as the simple establishment procedure, correct glycosylation profile of expressed proteins, etc. Lysozyme is widely used in food industry, livestock farming, and medical field as a replacement of antibiotics because of its antibacterial and complement system-modulating activity. In this study, we used RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence to detect the expression of recombinant human lysozyme (rhLY) in the transgenic chicken. We demonstrated that the transgene of rhLY was genetically stable across different generations. We next optimized the purification procedure of rhLY from the transgenic eggs by utilizing two steps of cation-exchange chromatography and one gel-filtration chromatography. About 6 mg rhLY with the purity exceeding 90% was obtained from ten eggs, and the purification efficiency was about 75%. The purified rhLY had similar physicochemical and biological properties in molecular mass and antibacterial activity compared to the commercial human lysozyme. Additionally, both of them exhibited thermal stability at 60°C and tolerated an extensive pH range of 2 to 11. In conclusion, our study proved that the transgenic chickens we have previously generated were genetically stable and suitable for the production of active rhLY. We also provided a pipeline for purifying the recombinant proteins from transgenic eggs, which could be useful for other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dainan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Wuxi KGBIO Biotechnology Limited Liability Company, Jiangsu 214145, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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56
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Lee HJ, Lee HC, Kim YM, Hwang YS, Park YH, Park TS, Han JY. Site-specific recombination in the chicken genome using Flipase recombinase-mediated cassette exchange. FASEB J 2015; 30:555-63. [PMID: 26443821 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted genome recombination has been applied in diverse research fields and has a wide range of possible applications. In particular, the discovery of specific loci in the genome that support robust and ubiquitous expression of integrated genes and the development of genome-editing technology have facilitated rapid advances in various scientific areas. In this study, we produced transgenic (TG) chickens that can induce recombinase-mediated gene cassette exchange (RMCE), one of the site-specific recombination technologies, and confirmed RMCE in TG chicken-derived cells. As a result, we established TG chicken lines that have, Flipase (Flp) recognition target (FRT) pairs in the chicken genome, mediated by piggyBac transposition. The transgene integration patterns were diverse in each TG chicken line, and the integration diversity resulted in diverse levels of expression of exogenous genes in each tissue of the TG chickens. In addition, the replaced gene cassette was expressed successfully and maintained by RMCE in the FRT predominant loci of TG chicken-derived cells. These results indicate that targeted genome recombination technology with RMCE could be adaptable to TG chicken models and that the technology would be applicable to specific gene regulation by cis-element insertion and customized expression of functional proteins at predicted levels without epigenetic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Young Min Kim
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Young Hyun Park
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tae Sub Park
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Jae Yong Han
- *Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
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57
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Lee HJ, Lee HC, Han JY. Germline Modification and Engineering in Avian Species. Mol Cells 2015; 38:743-9. [PMID: 26333275 PMCID: PMC4588716 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of genome-edited animals using germline-competent cells and genetic modification tools has provided opportunities for investigation of biological mechanisms in various organisms. The recently reported programmed genome editing technology that can induce gene modification at a target locus in an efficient and precise manner facilitates establishment of animal models. In this regard, the demand for genome-edited avian species, which are some of the most suitable model animals due to their unique embryonic development, has also increased. Furthermore, germline chimera production through long-term culture of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) has facilitated research on production of genome-edited chickens. Thus, use of avian germline modification is promising for development of novel avian models for research of disease control and various biological mechanisms. Here, we discuss recent progress in genome modification technology in avian species and its applications and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598,
Japan
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58
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Oviduct-specific expression of human neutrophil defensin 4 in lentivirally generated transgenic chickens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127922. [PMID: 26020529 PMCID: PMC4447378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of oviduct-specific recombinant proteins in transgenic chickens is a promising technology for the production of therapeutic biologics in eggs. In this study, we constructed a lentiviral vector encoding an expression cassette for human neutrophil defensin 4 (HNP4), a compound that displays high activity against Escherichia coli, and produced transgenic chickens that expressed the recombinant HNP4 protein in egg whites. After the antimicrobial activity of the recombinant HNP4 protein was tested at the cellular level, a 2.8-kb ovalbumin promoter was used to drive HNP4 expression specifically in oviduct tissues. From 669 injected eggs, 218 chickens were successfully hatched. Ten G0 roosters, with semens identified as positive for the transgene, were mated with wild-type hens to generate G1 chickens. From 1,274 total offspring, fifteen G1 transgenic chickens were positive for the transgene, which was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. The results of the Southern blotting and genome walking indicated that a single copy of the HNP4 gene was integrated into chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 of the chickens. As expected, HNP4 expression was restricted to the oviduct tissues, and the levels of both transcriptional and translational HNP4 expression varied greatly in transgenic chickens with different transgene insertion sites. The amount of HNP4 protein expressed in the eggs of G1 and G2 heterozygous transgenic chickens ranged from 1.65 μg/ml to 10.18 μg/ml. These results indicated that the production of transgenic chickens that expressed HNP4 protein in egg whites was successful.
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59
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Cao D, Wu H, Li Q, Sun Y, Liu T, Fei J, Zhao Y, Wu S, Hu X, Li N. Expression of recombinant human lysozyme in egg whites of transgenic hens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118626. [PMID: 25706123 PMCID: PMC4338068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken egg lysozyme (cLY) is an enzyme with 129 amino acid (AA) residue enzyme. This enzyme is present not only in chicken egg white but also in mucosal secretions such as saliva and tears. The antibacterial properties of egg white can be attributed to the presence of lysozyme, which is used as an anti-cancer drug and for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study, we constructed a lentiviral vector containing a synthetic cLY signal peptide and a 447 bp synthetic human lysozyme (hLY) cDNA sequence driven by an oviduct-specific ovalbumin promoter, and microinjected into the subgerminal cavity of stage X chick embryos to generate transgenic chicken. The transgene inserted in the chicken chromosomes directs the synthesis and secretion of hLY which has three times higher specific activity than cLY. Three G1 transgenic chickens were identified, the only female of which expressed recombinant human lysozyme (rhLY) at 57.66 ± 4.10 μg/ml in the egg white and the G2 transgenic hens of the G1 transgenic cock A011 expressed rhLY at 48.72 ± 1.54 μg/ml. This experiment demonstrated that transgenic hens with stable oviduct-specific expression of recombinant human lysozyme proteins can be created by microinjection of lentiviral vectors. The results of this research could be contribute to the technological development using transgenic hens as a cost-effective alternative to other mammalian systems, such as cow, sheep and goats, for the production of therapeutic proteins and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yingmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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60
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Park TS, Lee HG, Moon JK, Lee HJ, Yoon JW, Yun BNR, Kang S, Kim J, Kim H, Han JY, Han BK. Deposition of bioactive human epidermal growth factor in the egg white of transgenic hens using an oviduct‐specific minisynthetic promoter. FASEB J 2015; 29:2386-96. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green‐Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang‐gunGangwon‐doKorea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Kook Moon
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bit Na Rae Yun
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Sang‐Chul Kang
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Beom Ku Han
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
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61
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He J, Li X, Luo D, Zhang C, Hu S, Li X. A new animal bioreactor for producing pharmaceutical proteins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:826-8. [PMID: 25033830 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xushuang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Daoshu Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Chaobao Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuanggang Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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62
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals are used for industrial applications as well as scientific research, and studies on these animals contribute to a better understanding of biological mechanisms. Gene targeting techniques have been developed to edit specific gene loci in the genome, but the conventional strategy of homologous recombination with a gene-targeted vector has low efficiency and many technical complications. Here, we generated specific gene knockout chickens through the use of transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene targeting. In this study, we accomplished targeted knockout of the ovalbumin (OV) gene in the chicken primordial germ cells, and OV gene mutant offspring were generated through test-cross analysis. TALENs successfully induced nucleotide deletion mutations of ORF shifts, resulting in loss of chicken OV gene function. Our results demonstrate that the TALEN technique used in the chicken primordial germ cell line is a powerful strategy to create specific genome-edited chickens safely for practical applications.
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63
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Oviduct-Specific Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Transgenic Chickens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:646-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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64
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Byun SJ, Ji MR, Jang YJ, Hwang AI, Chung HK, Kim JS, Kim KW, Chung HJ, Yang BC, Jeon I, Park JK, Yoo JG, Kim TY. Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) expression in transgenic chicken. BMB Rep 2014; 46:404-9. [PMID: 23977988 PMCID: PMC4133906 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.8.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a metalloprotein and functions as an antioxidant enzyme. In this study, we used lentiviral vectors to generate transgenic chickens that express the human EC-SOD gene. The recombinant lentiviruses were injected into the subgerminal cavity of freshly laid eggs. Subsequently, the embryos were incubated to hatch using phases II and III of the surrogate shell ex vivo culture system. Of 158 injected embryos, 16 chicks (G0) hatched and were screened for the hEC-SOD by PCR. Only 1 chick was identified as a transgenic bird containing the transgene in its germline. This founder (G0) bird was mated with wild-type hens to produce transgenic progeny, and 2 transgenic chicks (G1) were produced. In the generated transgenic hens (G2), the hEC-SOD protein was expressed in the egg white and showed antioxidant activity. These results highlight the potential of the chicken for production of biologically active proteins in egg white. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(8): 404-409]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung June Byun
- Laboratory of Dermatology-immunology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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65
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Beal RK, Smith AL. Antibody response toSalmonella: its induction and role in protection against avian enteric salmonellosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 5:873-81. [PMID: 17914920 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.5.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human enteritis resulting from the consumption of poultry products contaminated with serovars of Salmonella enterica remains a major public-health concern. Reducing food contamination by preventing or controlling infection in the chicken during rearing is an attractive solution. An accurate understanding of the mechanisms of immunity to Salmonella infection in the chicken will help to focus the development of vaccines for birds and prevent contaminated products from entering the human food chain. Infection is primarily restricted to the intestinal lumen when chickens are infected with S. enterica serovars Typhimurium or Enteritidis, where they persist for many weeks. High titers of Salmonella-specific antibodies are observed following infection and demonstrate a high degree of cross-reactivity against other serovars. However, depletion of B cells and, therefore, removal of the capacity for antibody production in the chicken does not exacerbate the infection following either primary or secondary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Beal
- Institute for Animal Health, Enteric Immunology Group, Division of Immunology, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK.
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66
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67
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Ramachandran R. Current and future reproductive technologies for avian species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 752:23-31. [PMID: 24170353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for poultry meat and eggs is expected to increase exponentially in the next several decades. Increasing global poultry production in the future would require significant improvements in genetics, nutrition, and managerial practices including reproduction. This chapter summarizes some of the recent developments in ameliorating reproductive dysfunction in broiler breeder chickens, cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa, sex selection, and avian transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ramachandran
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 211 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA,
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68
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Lee SH, Gupta MK, Ho YT, Kim T, Lee HT. Transgenic chickens expressing human urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2396-403. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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69
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Rapid cohort generation and analysis of disease spectrum of large animal model of cone dystrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71363. [PMID: 23977029 PMCID: PMC3747164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal models are an important resource for the understanding of human disease and for evaluating the applicability of new therapies to human patients. For many diseases, such as cone dystrophy, research effort is hampered by the lack of such models. Lentiviral transgenesis is a methodology broadly applicable to animals from many different species. When conjugated to the expression of a dominant mutant protein, this technology offers an attractive approach to generate new large animal models in a heterogeneous background. We adopted this strategy to mimic the phenotype diversity encounter in humans and generate a cohort of pigs for cone dystrophy by expressing a dominant mutant allele of the guanylate cyclase 2D (GUCY2D) gene. Sixty percent of the piglets were transgenic, with mutant GUCY2D mRNA detected in the retina of all animals tested. Functional impairment of vision was observed among the transgenic pigs at 3 months of age, with a follow-up at 1 year indicating a subsequent slower progression of phenotype. Abnormal retina morphology, notably among the cone photoreceptor cell population, was observed exclusively amongst the transgenic animals. Of particular note, these transgenic animals were characterized by a range in the severity of the phenotype, reflecting the human clinical situation. We demonstrate that a transgenic approach using lentiviral vectors offers a powerful tool for large animal model development. Not only is the efficiency of transgenesis higher than conventional transgenic methodology but this technique also produces a heterogeneous cohort of transgenic animals that mimics the genetic variation encountered in human patients.
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70
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Monti M, Redi C. The egg. The inside story of a cell. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:691-7. [PMID: 23712716 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The egg, a fantastic little laboratory of molecular biology, has played a crucial role in redefining modern biology by moving it from the description of living things to the synthesis of living things (synthetic biology). Over the centuries, many hypotheses have been advanced concerning the egg's role in reproduction-from the preformation theory until von Baer's discovery to the present, with the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine celebrating the egg as a totipotent stem cell able to reprogram fully differentiated somatic nuclei. The molecular dissection of its cytoplasmic components makes the egg an ideal bioreactor for several biotechnological applications, including pharmacological and food production sciences. In addition to its ubiquitous contribution to the worldwide diet, the egg, a powerful symbol, pervades philosophy, art, religion, and idiomatic expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Monti
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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71
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Sato Y, Lansford R. Transgenesis and imaging in birds, and available transgenic reporter lines. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:406-21. [PMID: 23621574 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian embryos are important model organism to study higher vertebrate development. Easy accessibility to developing avian embryos enables a variety of experimental applications to understand specific functions of molecules, tissue-tissue interactions, and cell lineages. The whole-mount ex ovo culture technique for avian embryos permits time-lapse imaging analysis for a better understanding of cell behaviors underlying tissue morphogenesis in physiological conditions. To study mechanisms of blood vessel formation and remodeling in developing embryos by using a time-lapse imaging approach, a transgenic quail model, Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP), was generated. From a cell behavior perspective, Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP) quail embryos are a suitable model to shed light on how the structure and pattern of blood vessels are established in higher vertebrates. In this manuscript, we give an overview on the biological and technological background of the transgenic quail model and describe procedures for the ex ovo culture of quail embryos and time-lapse imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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72
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Expression systems and species used for transgenic animal bioreactors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:580463. [PMID: 23586046 PMCID: PMC3613084 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic animal bioreactors can produce therapeutic proteins with high value for pharmaceutical use. In this paper, we compared different systems capable of producing therapeutic proteins (bacteria, mammalian cells, transgenic plants, and transgenic animals) and found that transgenic animals were potentially ideal bioreactors for the synthesis of pharmaceutical protein complexes. Compared with other transgenic animal expression systems (egg white, blood, urine, seminal plasma, and silkworm cocoon), the mammary glands of transgenic animals have enormous potential. Compared with other mammalian species (pig, goat, sheep, and cow) that are currently being studied as bioreactors, rabbits offer many advantages: high fertility, easy generation of transgenic founders and offspring, insensitivity to prion diseases, relatively high milk production, and no transmission of severe diseases to humans. Noticeably, for a small- or medium-sized facility, the rabbit system is ideal to produce up to 50 kg of protein per year, considering both economical and hygienic aspects; rabbits are attractive candidates for the mammary-gland-specific expression of recombinant proteins. We also reviewed recombinant proteins that have been produced by targeted expression in the mammary glands of rabbits and discussed the limitations of transgenic animal bioreactors.
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Abstract
Over the past two decades numerous reports have demonstrated that the genetic modification of poultry genomes has great potential for improving poultry production; moreover, it may be used as a powerful tool for the production of industrial proteins. To date, transgenic techniques have been established for generating transgenic birds that express recombinant human proteins in hen eggs, as well as tissue-specific genes as an animal model. The production of transgenic birds is a promising approach that could have practical applications in agriculture and biopharmacology, in addition to advancing our understanding of avian biology. Finally, germ cell-mediated transgenesis could provide a more efficient strategy for creating gene-targeted insertions and deletions in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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74
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Nishijima KI, Iijima S. Transgenic chickens. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 55:207-16. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya; 464-8603; Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya; 464-8603; Japan
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75
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Zhang Z, Sun P, Yu F, Yan L, Yuan F, Zhang W, Wang T, Wan Z, Shao Q, Li Z. Transgenic quail production by microinjection of lentiviral vector into the early embryo blood vessels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50817. [PMID: 23251391 PMCID: PMC3520935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been used to generate transgenic birds. The most successful method so far has been the injection of lentiviral vectors into the subgerminal cavity of a newly laid egg. We report here a new, easy and effective way to produce transgenic quails through direct injection of a lentiviral vector, containing an enhanced-green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgene, into the blood vessels of quail embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 13-15 (HH13-15). A total of 80 embryos were injected and 48 G0 chimeras (60%) were hatched. Most injected embryo organs and tissues of hatched quails were positive for eGFP. In five out of 21 mature G0 male quails, the semen was eGFP-positive, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indicating transgenic germ line chimeras. Testcross and genetic analyses revealed that the G0 quail produced transgenic G1 offspring; of 46 G1 hatchlings, 6 were transgenic (6/46, 13.0%). We also compared this new method with the conventional transgenesis using stage X subgerminal cavity injection. Total 240 quail embryos were injected by subgerminal cavity injection, of which 34 (14.1%) were hatched, significantly lower than the new method. From these hatched quails semen samples were collected from 19 sexually matured males and tested for the transgene by PCR. The transgene was present in three G0 male quails and only 4/236 G1 offspring (1.7%) were transgenic. In conclusion, we developed a novel bird transgenic method by injection of lentiviral vector into embryonic blood vessel at HH 13-15 stage, which result in significant higher transgenic efficiency than the conventional subgerminal cavity injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Beijing Education Examinations Authority, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Wan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zandong Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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76
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Kawabe Y, Hayashida Y, Numata K, Harada S, Hayashida Y, Ito A, Kamihira M. Oral immunotherapy for pollen allergy using T-cell epitope-containing egg white derived from genetically manipulated chickens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48512. [PMID: 23144766 PMCID: PMC3483267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide immunotherapy using T-cell epitopes is expected to be an effective treatment for allergic diseases such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; Cj) pollinosis. To develop a treatment for pollen allergy by inducing oral tolerance, we generated genetically manipulated (GM) chickens by retroviral gene transduction, to produce a fusion protein of chicken egg white lysozyme and a peptide derived from seven dominant human T-cell epitopes of Japanese cedar pollen allergens (cLys-7crp). The transgene sequence was detected in all chickens transduced with the retroviral vector. Transduction efficiency in blood cells correlated to transgene expression. Western blot analysis revealed that cLys-7crp was expressed in the egg white of GM hens. Mice induced to develop allergic rhinitis by Cj pollinosis were fed with cLys-7crp-containing egg white produced by GM chickens. Total and Cj allergen (Cry j 1)-specific IgE levels were significantly decreased in allergic mice fed with cLys-7crp-containing egg white compared with allergic mice fed with normal egg white. These results suggest that oral administration of T-cell epitope-containing egg white derived from GM chickens is effective for the induction of immune tolerance as an allergy therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens
- Cryptomeria/immunology
- Egg White
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muramidase/genetics
- Muramidase/immunology
- Muramidase/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Pollen/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hayashida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensaku Numata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Harada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hayashida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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77
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Liu X, Li N, Hu X, Zhang R, Li Q, Cao D, Liu T, Zhang Y, Liu X. Efficient production of transgenic chickens based on piggyBac. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:417-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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78
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Lachmann PJ. The use of antibodies in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2012; 1:e11. [PMID: 26038423 PMCID: PMC3630915 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibodies to provide passive immunity to infections has a long history. Although the coming of antibiotics greatly reduced its use for bacterial infections, it is still widely used for a variety of purposes which are reviewed here. The use of animal antisera gave way to the use of human convalescent serum as a source of antibodies and more recently human and monoclonal antibodies have become widely used, not just providing passive immunity but as therapeutic agents. The current uses of antibody therapy are discussed as are the problems of antibody-mediated immunopathology and how this can be avoided. More recent developments include the making of monoclonal antibodies that react with cross-reacting determinants on flu viruses. Such antibodies are not usually made following infection and they provide a very promising approach to providing passive immunity that will be effective against a variety of different strains of the flu virus. It is also pointed out that passive immunotherapy can act as a surrogate vaccine providing that the subject gets infected while protected by the passive antibodies. Finally, there is a section on the possible use of oral antibodies given as food to prevent diseases such as infantile gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Lachmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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79
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Abstract
The transgenic chicken has great potential as a bioreactor for the production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins, notably in the oviduct/egg. Whereas conventional transgenic approaches have significant limitations in this species, an alternative approach employing primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitor cells to ova and spermatozoa, has now been successfully applied to the insertion of exogenous genes into birds. Recent developments in manipulating avian embryos make it possible to produce germline chimeras derived from transferred PGCs. In this review we describe the migration pathway of chicken PGCs during early development. We then summarize different methods for the isolation of PGCs and the diversity of techniques used to introduce genes into these cells. Finally, we describe an in vitro assay for testing tissue-specific vectors designed to express heterologous proteins in transgenic chickens.
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80
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Kasperczyk K, Bajek A, Joachimiak R, Walasik K, Marszalek A, Drewa T, Bednarczyk M. In vitro optimization of the Gallus domesticus oviduct epithelial cells culture. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1834-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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81
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piggyBac transposition into primordial germ cells is an efficient tool for transgenesis in chickens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9337-41. [PMID: 22645326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203823109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic birds embody one of the most potent and exciting research tools in biotechnology for agriculture, medicine, and model animals. To date, retrovirus- or lentivirus-mediated transgenesis has been established in chickens and quail. However, despite having a valid technique for viral transduction to achieve transgenic birds, many obstacles exist for practical applications because of relatively low and variable rates of germ-line transmission and transgenic offspring showing transgene silencing, as well as safety issues related to viral vector use. Thus, the generation of transgenic poultry by nonviral integration is a prerequisite for the introduction of biotechnology to practical applications. Herein, we show that a germ-line-competent chicken primordial germ-cell (PGC) line was established with high efficiency of transmission to offspring and that piggyBac transposition into PGCs improved the efficiency of transgenic chicken production and led to high-level transgene expression. GFP transgene-expressing donor PGC-transferred recipient chickens produced donor-derived progenies, and the germ-line transmission efficiency of donor PGCs was 95.2% on average. Subsequently, half of the donor-derived offspring (52.2%) were transgenic chicks because GFP-expressing donor PGCs, in which a transgene was inserted into one chromosome 20, were heterozygous. In all of the transgenic chickens, GFP expression was constant and strong, regardless of age. Our results demonstrate that piggyBac transposition into the chicken PGC line could be the surest way to generate transgenic chickens safely for practical applications.
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82
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Fan B, Huang P, Zheng S, Sun Y, Fang C, Sun Z. Assembly and in vitro functional analysis of zinc finger nuclease specific to the 3' untranslated region of chicken ovalbumin gene. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 22:211-22. [PMID: 22132814 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.626885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are useful for the improvement of site directed integration of foreign gene into vertebrate chromosomes. To facilitate site-directed integration of foreign genes into the 3'-untranslated region of the chicken ovalbumin gene, we have constructed ZFN expression vectors using Zinc Finger Consortium Vector Kits and tested the functionality of these ZFN constructs. Coding sequences for 6 zinc fingers were assembled following the modular assembly method. The zinc finger assembly was fused to two FokI catalytic domains. Various configurations of linker regions between domains were tested for their influence on enzymatic activity, using plasmid substrate containing the target sequence. Results indicated that ZFN with an elongated linker between two nuclease domains had a high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Fan
- Animal Science and Technology Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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83
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Chicken oviduct-specific expression of transgene by a hybrid ovalbumin enhancer and the Tet expression system. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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84
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Sun P, Zhang Z, Wu G, Yan L, Yuan F, Zhang W, Gao J, Jin W, Li Z. Transgenic chimera quail production by microinjecting lentiviral vector into the blood vessel of the early embryo. Anim Sci J 2011; 83:291-8. [PMID: 22515688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past, several strategies have been used to generate transgenic birds. The most successful method has proven to be injection of lentiviral vector into the subgerminal cavity of the newly laid egg. In this study, we directly injected lentiviral vector into the blood vessel of HH13-15 quail embryos to produce transgenic chimeras. In the manipulated, hatched birds, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene driven by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter was extensively expressed. All tissues analyzed were GFP-positive, and gonad cells from some of the manipulated embryos expressed GFP. The semen genome of 21.4% of mature male birds was determined to be GFP-positive by PCR, indicating these male birds were transgenic chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing Education Examinations Authority, China
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85
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86
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Song G, Han JY. Avian biomodels for use as pharmaceutical bioreactors and for studying human diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1229:69-75. [PMID: 21793841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Animal-based biotechnologies involve the use of domestic animals for the production of pharmaceuticals and various proteins in milk and eggs, as disease models, as tools for stem cell research and animal cloning, and as sources of organs for xenotransplantation into humans. Avian species offer several advantages over mammalian models, and they have been used historically to advance the fields of embryology, immunology, oncology, virology, and vaccine development. In addition, avian species can be used for studying the etiology of human ovarian cancer and other human diseases such as disorders based on the abnormal metabolism of lipids and as unique mechanisms for the biosynthesis and transport of cholesterol. This review integrates recent progress and insight into the molecular and physiologic mechanisms associated with transgenic birds and gives an overview of the use of avian models as pharmaceutical bioreactors and as tools for studying human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwonhwa Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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87
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Jung JG, Park TS, Kim JN, Han BK, Lee SD, Song G, Han JY. Characterization and Application of Oviductal Epithelial Cells In Vitro in Gallus domesticus1. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:798-807. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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88
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Transgene transmission in chickens by sperm-mediated gene transfer after seminal plasma removal and exogenous DNA treated with dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylacetamide. J Biosci 2011; 36:613-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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89
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MacKenzie CJ, Shioda T. COS-1 cells as packaging host for production of lentiviruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 26:Unit 26.7. [PMID: 21400698 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb2607s50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a protocol for in vitro production of recombinant lentiviruses using COS-1 African green monkey kidney epithelial cells and HEK293T human embryonic kidney epithelial cells as packaging cells. COS-1 and HEK293T express SV40 large T antigen, amplifying transfected circular plasmids harboring SV40 replication origin. Support protocols for evaluation of transfection efficiency by in situ β-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and titer of infection-capable virions are also provided. Advantages of using COS-1 packaging cells over the standard HEK293T cells for contamination-sensitive applications or automated processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal J MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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90
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Mizutani A, Tsunashima H, Nishijima KI, Sasamoto T, Yamada Y, Kojima Y, Motono M, Kojima J, Inayoshi Y, Miyake K, Park EY, Iijima S. Genetic modification of a chicken expression system for the galactosylation of therapeutic proteins produced in egg white. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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91
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Kaleri HA, Xiang L, Aniwashi J, Xu S. Oviduct-specific expression of tissue plasminogen activator in laying hens. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:231-6. [PMID: 21734822 PMCID: PMC3115315 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-laying hens are important candidate bioreactors for pharmaceutical protein production because of the amenability of their eggs for protein expression. In this study, we constructed an oviduct-specific vector containing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) protein and green fluorescent protein (pL-2.8OVtPAGFP) and assessed its expression in vitro and in vivo. Oviduct epithelial and 3T3 cells were cultured and transfected with pL-2.8OVtPAGFP and pEGP-N1 (control vector), respectively. The pL-2.8OVtPAGFP vector was administered to laying hens via a wing vein and their eggs and tissues were examined for tPA expression. The oviduct-specific vector pL-2.8OVtPAGFP was expressed only in oviduct epithelial cells whereas pEGP-N1 was detected in oviduct epithelial and 3T3 cells. Western blotting detected a 89 kDa band corresponding to tPA in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells, thus confirming expression of the protein. The amount of tPAGFP in eggs ranged 9 to 41 ng/mL on the third day after vector injection. The tPA expressed in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells showed fibrinolytic activity, indicating that the protein was expressed in active form. GFP was observed only in oviducts, with no detection in heart, muscle, liver and intestine. This is the first study to report the expression of tPA in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells using an oviduct-specific vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubdar Ali Kaleri
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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92
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Oishi I, Kim S, Yoshii K, Esteban CR, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Cre-LoxP-regulated expression of monoclonal antibodies driven by an ovalbumin promoter in primary oviduct cells. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:5. [PMID: 21235743 PMCID: PMC3033811 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A promoter capable of driving high-level transgene expression in oviduct cells is important for developing transgenic chickens capable of producing therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in the whites of laid eggs. Ovalbumin promoters can be used as oviduct-specific regulatory sequences in transgenic chickens, but their promoter activities are not high, according to previous reports. Results In this study, while using a previously characterized ovalbumin promoter, we attempted to improve the expression level of mAbs using a Cre/loxP-mediated conditional excision system. We constructed a therapeutic mAb expression vector, pBS-DS-hIgG, driven by the CMV and CAG promoters, in which the expression of the heavy and light chains of humanized immunoglobulin G (hIgG) is preceded by two floxed stuffer reporter genes. In the presence of Cre, the stuffer genes were precisely excised and hIgG expression was induced in pBS-DS-hIgG-transfected 293T cells. In chicken oviduct primary culture cells, hIgG was expressed after transfection of pBS-DS-hIgG together with the ovalbumin promoter-driven Cre expression vector. The expression level of hIgG in these cells was increased 40-fold over that induced directly by the ovalbumin promoter. On the other hand, hIgG was not induced by the ovalbumin promoter-driven Cre in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells. Conclusions The Cre/loxP-based system could significantly increase ovalbumin promoter-driven production of proteins of interest, specifically in oviduct cells. This expression system could be useful for producing therapeutic mAbs at high level using transgenic chickens as bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Oishi
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31, Midorioka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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93
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Improvement of transfection efficiency in cultured chicken primordial germ cells by percoll density gradient centrifugation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:2426-30. [PMID: 21150102 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiate into germ cells in gonads. Because PGCs can be cloned and cultured maintaining germline competency, they are a good means of modifying the chicken genome, but the efficiency of plasmid transfection into PGCs is very low. In this study, I attempted to improve the efficiency of PGC transfection. Cultured PGCs were purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and were then transfected with plasmid DNA. For transient transfection, the transfection efficiency increased more than 7-fold by the Percoll method. The efficiency of stable transfection of PGCs also increased significantly. The stable transfectants that were isolated by this method accumulated in the developing gonads after microinjection into bloodstream of chick embryos, indicating that gene transfection by Percoll purification did not alter the function of PGCs in vivo.
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94
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Haq K, Brisbin JT, Thanthrige-Don N, Heidari M, Sharif S. Transcriptome and proteome profiling of host responses to Marek's disease virus in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 138:292-302. [PMID: 21067815 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Haq
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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95
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Mizushima S, Takagi S, Ono T, Atsumi Y, Tsukada A, Saito N, Sasanami T, Okabe M, Shimada K. Novel Method of Gene Transfer in Birds: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Quail Blastoderms1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:965-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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96
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Park SH, Kim JN, Park TS, Lee SD, Kim TH, Han BK, Han JY. CpG methylation modulates tissue-specific expression of a transgene in chickens. Theriogenology 2010; 74:805-16.e1. [PMID: 20570335 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetically modified germ cells is an ideal system to induce transgenesis in birds; the primordial germ cell (PGC) is the most promising candidate for this system. In the present study, we confirmed the practical application of this system using lentivirus-transduced chicken gonadal PGCs (gPGCs). Embryonic gonads were collected from 5.5-d old Korean Oge chickens (black feathers). The gPGC population was enriched (magnetic-activated cell sorting technique) and then they were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter. Subsequently, the eGFP-transduced PGCs were transplanted into blood vessels of 2.5-d-old embryonic White Leghorn (white feathers). Among 21 germline chimeric chickens, one male produced transgenic offspring (G(1) generation), as demonstrated by testcross and genetic analysis. A homozygous line was produced and maintained through the G(3) generation. Based on serum biochemistry, there were no significant physiological differences between G(3) homozygotes and non-transgenic chickens. However, since eGFP transgene expression in G(3) chickens varied among tissues, it was further characterized by Western blotting and ELISA. Furthermore, there were indications that DNA methylation may have affected tissue-specific expression of transgenes in chickens. In conclusion, the PGC-mediated approach used may be an efficient tool for avian transgenesis, and transgenic chickens could provide a useful model for investigating regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Park
- Avicore Biotechnology Institute, Optifarm Solution Inc., Hanlim Human Tower #707, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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97
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Anti-infective antibodies--reviving an old paradigm. Vaccine 2010; 27 Suppl 6:G33-7. [PMID: 20006138 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody therapy for infections has a long history and the development of monoclonal antibody technologies, and of increasingly ingenious techniques for making these products, has brought about a major revival in interest. In this paper the field is reviewed with particular emphasis on two topics: the role that antibodies may have in combating pandemic flu; and the prospects for giving, as a food, antibodies derived from the ovalbumin of transgenic chicken eggs, as a prophylactic against diarrhoeal disease.
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98
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McGrew MJ, Sherman A, Lillico SG, Taylor L, Sang H. Functional conservation between rodents and chicken of regulatory sequences driving skeletal muscle gene expression in transgenic chickens. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:26. [PMID: 20184756 PMCID: PMC2841079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Regulatory elements that control expression of specific genes during development have been shown in many cases to contain functionally-conserved modules that can be transferred between species and direct gene expression in a comparable developmental pattern. An example of such a module has been identified at the rat myosin light chain (MLC) 1/3 locus, which has been well characterised in transgenic mouse studies. This locus contains two promoters encoding two alternatively spliced isoforms of alkali myosin light chain. These promoters are differentially regulated during development through the activity of two enhancer elements. The MLC3 promoter alone has been shown to confer expression of a reporter gene in skeletal and cardiac muscle in transgenic mice and the addition of the downstream MLC enhancer increased expression levels in skeletal muscle. We asked whether this regulatory module, sufficient for striated muscle gene expression in the mouse, would drive expression in similar domains in the chicken. Results We have observed that a conserved downstream MLC enhancer is present in the chicken MLC locus. We found that the rat MLC1/3 regulatory elements were transcriptionally active in chick skeletal muscle primary cultures. We observed that a single copy lentiviral insert containing this regulatory cassette was able to drive expression of a lacZ reporter gene in the fast-fibres of skeletal muscle in chicken in three independent transgenic chicken lines in a pattern similar to the endogenous MLC locus. Reporter gene expression in cardiac muscle tissues was not observed for any of these lines. Conclusions From these results we conclude that skeletal expression from this regulatory module is conserved in a genomic context between rodents and chickens. This transgenic module will be useful in future investigations of muscle development in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
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99
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Kwon SC, Choi JW, Jang HJ, Shin SS, Lee SK, Park TS, Choi IY, Lee GS, Song G, Han JY. Production of biofunctional recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL1RN) from transgenic quail egg white. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:1057-64. [PMID: 20147736 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviduct-specific expression of heterologous recombinant proteins in transgenic birds is a promising technology for the large-scale production of therapeutic proteins in eggs. We describe the production of recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL1RN) in the eggs of transgenic quails. To drive tissue-specific expression of rhIL1RN, a 1.35-kb fragment of the chicken ovalbumin promoter, which contains both the steroid-dependent regulatory element and the negative regulatory element, was used. A transgenic quail was generated by microinjection of a concentrated stock of lentivirus into stage X blastodermal cells. A single copy of the transgene was integrated into the seventh intron of the gene for conserved oligomeric golgi complex protein 5 (COG5) on chromosome 1. As expected, rhIL1RN expression was restricted to oviductal tissue, and the amount of protein deposited in the eggs of homozygous transgenic quails ranged from 88.7 to 233.8 ng/ml. Transgene expression was conserved from the G(1) generation to the G(4) generation, and there was no evidence of transgene silencing. In a bioassay using the EL4.NOB-1/CTLL-2 coculture system, no significant difference was observed between the egg-produced rhIL1RN and a commercially available rhIL1RN (anakinra).
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Chang Kwon
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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100
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Quantitative analysis of lentiviral transgene expression in mice over seven generations. Transgenic Res 2010; 19:775-84. [PMID: 20091347 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral transgenesis is now recognized as an extremely efficient and cost-effective method to produce transgenic animals. Transgenes delivered by lentiviral vectors exhibited inheritable expression in many species including those which are refractory to genetic modification such as non-human primates. However, epigenetic modification was frequently observed in lentiviral integrants, and transgene expression found to be inversely correlated with methylation density. Recent data showed that about one-third lentiviral integrants exhibited hypermethylation and low expression, but did not demonstrate whether those integrants with high expression could remain constant expression and hypomethylated during long term germline transmission. In this study, using lentiviral eGFP transgenic mice as the experimental animals, lentiviral eGFP expression levels and its integrant numbers in genome were quantitatively analyzed by fluorescent quantitative polymerase-chain reaction (FQ-PCR), using the house-keeping gene ribosomal protein S18 (Rps18) and the single copy gene fatty acid binding protein of the intestine (Fabpi) as the internal controls respectively. The methylation densities of the integrants were quantitatively analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. We found that the lentiviral integrants with high expression exhibited a relative constant expression level per integrant over at least seven generations. Besides, the individuals containing these integrants exhibited eGFP expression levels which were positively and almost linearly correlated with the integrant numbers in their genomes, suggesting that no remarkable position effect on transgene expression of the integrants analyzed was observed. In addition, over seven generations the methylation density of these integrants did not increase, but rather decreased remarkably, indicating that these high expressing integrants were not subjected to de novo methylation during at least seven generations of germline transmission. Taken together, these data suggested that transgenic lines with long term stable expression and no position effect can be established by lentiviral transgenesis.
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