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Shokri G, Doudi S, Fathi-Roudsari M, Kouhkan F, Sanati MH. Targeting histone demethylases KDM5A and KDM5B in AML cancer cells: A comparative view. Leuk Res 2018; 68:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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52
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Horton JR, Liu X, Wu L, Zhang K, Shanks J, Zhang X, Rai G, Mott BT, Jansen DJ, Kales SC, Henderson MJ, Pohida K, Fang Y, Hu X, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ, Hall MD, Simeonov A, Fu H, Vertino PM, Yan Q, Cheng X. Insights into the Action of Inhibitor Enantiomers against Histone Lysine Demethylase 5A. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3193-3208. [PMID: 29537847 PMCID: PMC6322411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isomers of chiral drugs can exhibit marked differences in biological activities. We studied the binding and inhibitory activities of 12 compounds against KDM5A. Among them are two pairs of enantiomers representing two distinct inhibitor chemotypes, namely, ( R)- and ( S)-2-((2-chlorophenyl)(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)methyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (compounds N51 and N52) and ( R) - and ( S) -N-(1-(3-isopropyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (compounds N54 and N55). In vitro, the S enantiomer of the N51/N52 pair (N52) and the R enantiomer of the N54/N55 pair (N54) exhibited about 4- to 5-fold greater binding affinity. The more potent enzyme inhibition of KDM5A by the R-isoform for the cell-permeable N54/N55 pair translated to differences in growth inhibitory activity. We determined structures of the KDM5A catalytic domain in complex with all 12 inhibitors, which revealed the interactions (or lack thereof) responsible for the differences in binding affinity. These results provide insights to guide improvements in binding potency and avenues for development of cell permeable inhibitors of the KDM5 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - John Shanks
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Bryan T. Mott
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Daniel J. Jansen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Stephen C. Kales
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Katherine Pohida
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Yuhong Fang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - David J. Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Paula M. Vertino
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Autochthonous tumors driven by Rb1 loss have an ongoing requirement for the RBP2 histone demethylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3741-E3748. [PMID: 29610306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716029115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) product, pRB, is common in many human cancers. Targeting downstream effectors of pRB that are central to tumorigenesis is a promising strategy to block the growth of tumors harboring loss-of-function RB1 mutations. One such effector is retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also called JARID1A or KDM5A), which encodes an H3K4 demethylase. Binding of pRB to RBP2 has been linked to the ability of pRB to promote senescence and differentiation. Importantly, genetic ablation of RBP2 is sufficient to phenocopy pRB's ability to induce these cellular changes in cell culture experiments. Moreover, germline Rbp2 deletion significantly impedes tumorigenesis in Rb1+/- mice. The value of RBP2 as a therapeutic target in cancer, however, hinges on whether loss of RBP2 could block the growth of established tumors as opposed to simply delaying their onset. Here we show that conditional, systemic ablation of RBP2 in tumor-bearing Rb1+/- mice is sufficient to slow tumor growth and significantly extend survival without causing obvious toxicity to the host. These findings show that established Rb1-null tumors require RBP2 for growth and further credential RBP2 as a therapeutic target in human cancers driven by RB1 inactivation.
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54
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Gale M, Sayegh J, Cao J, Norcia M, Gareiss P, Hoyer D, Merkel JS, Yan Q. Screen-identified selective inhibitor of lysine demethylase 5A blocks cancer cell growth and drug resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39931-39944. [PMID: 27224921 PMCID: PMC5129982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A/RBP2/JARID1A) is a histone lysine demethylase that is overexpressed in several human cancers including lung, gastric, breast and liver cancers. It plays key roles in important cancer processes including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug tolerance, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. Chemical tools to analyze KDM5A demethylase activity are extremely limited as available inhibitors are not specific for KDM5A. Here, we characterized KDM5A using a homogeneous luminescence-based assay and conducted a screen of about 9,000 small molecules for inhibitors. From this screen, we identified several 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole compounds that inhibited KDM5A with low μM in vitro IC50 values. Importantly, these compounds showed great specificity and did not inhibit its close homologue KDM5B (PLU1/JARID1B) or the related H3K27 demethylases KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3). One compound, named YUKA1, was able to increase H3K4me3 levels in human cells and selectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells whose growth depends on KDM5A. As KDM5A was shown to mediate drug tolerance, we investigated the ability of YUKA1 to prevent drug tolerance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells treated with gefitinib and HER2+ breast cancer cells treated with trastuzumab. Remarkably, this compound hindered the emergence of drug-tolerant cells, highlighting the critical role of KDM5A demethylase activity in drug resistance. The small molecules presented here are excellent tool compounds for further study of KDM5A's demethylase activity and its contributions to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Gale
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joyce Sayegh
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Current address: Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Norcia
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Gareiss
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Denton Hoyer
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane S Merkel
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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55
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Enhancer-Mediated Oncogenic Function of the Menin Tumor Suppressor in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2359-2372. [PMID: 28273452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancer types, we explored its oncogenic role in breast tumorigenesis. The MEN1 gene product menin is involved in H3K4 trimethylation and co-activates transcription. We integrated ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data to identify menin target genes. Our analysis revealed that menin-dependent target gene promoters display looping to distal enhancers that are bound by menin, FOXA1 and GATA3. In this fashion, MEN1 co-regulates a proliferative breast cancer-specific gene expression program in ER+ cells. In primary mammary cells, MEN1 exerts an anti-proliferative function by regulating a distinct expression signature. Our findings clarify the cell-type-specific functions of MEN1 and inform the development of menin-directed treatments for breast cancer.
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56
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Choi HJ, Joo HS, Won HY, Min KW, Kim HY, Son T, Oh YH, Lee JY, Kong G. Role of RBP2-Induced ER and IGF1R-ErbB Signaling in Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 110:4443110. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Joo Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Joo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Won
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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57
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Dreijerink KMA, Timmers HTM, Brown M. Twenty years of menin: emerging opportunities for restoration of transcriptional regulation in MEN1. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T135-T145. [PMID: 28811299 PMCID: PMC5609455 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in 1997, elucidation of the molecular function of its protein product, menin, has been a challenge. Biochemical, proteomics, genetics and genomics approaches have identified various potential roles, which converge on gene expression regulation. The most consistent findings show that menin connects transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, in particular, the histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes MLL1 and MLL2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing has enabled studying genome-wide dynamics of chromatin binding by menin. We propose that menin regulates cell type-specific transcriptional programs by linking chromatin regulatory complexes to specific transcription factors. In this fashion, the MEN1 gene is a tumor suppressor gene in the endocrine tissues that are affected in MEN1. Recent studies have hinted at possibilities to pharmacologically restore the epigenetic changes caused by loss of menin function as therapeutic strategies for MEN1, for example, by inhibition of histone demethylases. The current lack of appropriate cellular model systems for MEN1-associated tumors is a limitation for compound testing, which needs to be addressed in the near future. In this review, we look back at the past twenty years of research on menin and the mechanism of disease of MEN1. In addition, we discuss how the current understanding of the molecular function of menin offers future directions to develop novel treatments for MEN1-associated endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M A Dreijerink
- Department of EndocrinologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H T Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site FreiburgGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical OncologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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58
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Agarwal SK. The future: genetics advances in MEN1 therapeutic approaches and management strategies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T119-T134. [PMID: 28899949 PMCID: PMC5679100 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in 1997 has shown that germline heterozygous mutations in the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 predisposes to the development of tumors in the MEN1 syndrome. Tumor development occurs upon loss of the remaining normal copy of the MEN1 gene in MEN1-target tissues. Therefore, MEN1 is a classic tumor suppressor gene in the context of MEN1. This tumor suppressor role of the protein encoded by the MEN1 gene, menin, holds true in mouse models with germline heterozygous Men1 loss, wherein MEN1-associated tumors develop in adult mice after spontaneous loss of the remaining non-targeted copy of the Men1 gene. The availability of genetic testing for mutations in the MEN1 gene has become an essential part of the diagnosis and management of MEN1. Genetic testing is also helping to exclude mutation-negative cases in MEN1 families from the burden of lifelong clinical screening. In the past 20 years, efforts of various groups world-wide have been directed at mutation analysis, molecular genetic studies, mouse models, gene expression studies, epigenetic regulation analysis, biochemical studies and anti-tumor effects of candidate therapies in mouse models. This review will focus on the findings and advances from these studies to identify MEN1 germline and somatic mutations, the genetics of MEN1-related states, several protein partners of menin, the three-dimensional structure of menin and menin-dependent target genes. The ongoing impact of all these studies on disease prediction, management and outcomes will continue in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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59
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Harmeyer KM, Facompre ND, Herlyn M, Basu D. JARID1 Histone Demethylases: Emerging Targets in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:713-725. [PMID: 28958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
JARID1 proteins are histone demethylases that both regulate normal cell fates during development and contribute to the epigenetic plasticity that underlies malignant transformation. This H3K4 demethylase family participates in multiple repressive transcriptional complexes at promoters and has broader regulatory effects on chromatin that remain ill-defined. There is growing understanding of the oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of JARID1 proteins, which are contingent on cell context and the protein isoform. Their contributions to stem cell-like dedifferentiation, tumor aggressiveness, and therapy resistance in cancer have sustained interest in the development of JARID1 inhibitors. Here we review the diverse and context-specific functions of the JARID1 proteins that may impact the utilization of emerging targeted inhibitors of this histone demethylase family in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Harmeyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole D Facompre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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60
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Di Domenico A, Wiedmer T, Marinoni I, Perren A. Genetic and epigenetic drivers of neuroendocrine tumours (NET). Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R315-R334. [PMID: 28710117 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the gastrointestinal tract and the lung are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours. The molecular characterization and the clinical classification of these tumours have been evolving slowly and show differences according to organs of origin. Novel technologies such as next-generation sequencing revealed new molecular aspects of NET over the last years. Notably, whole-exome/genome sequencing (WES/WGS) approaches underlined the very low mutation rate of well-differentiated NET of all organs compared to other malignancies, while the engagement of epigenetic changes in driving NET evolution is emerging. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding for proteins directly involved in chromatin remodelling, such as DAXX and ATRX are a frequent event in NET. Epigenetic changes are reversible and targetable; therefore, an attractive target for treatment. The discovery of the mechanisms underlying the epigenetic changes and the implication on gene and miRNA expression in the different subgroups of NET may represent a crucial change in the diagnosis of this disease, reveal new therapy targets and identify predictive markers. Molecular profiles derived from omics data including DNA mutation, methylation, gene and miRNA expression have already shown promising results in distinguishing clinically and molecularly different subtypes of NET. In this review, we recapitulate the major genetic and epigenetic characteristics of pancreatic, lung and small intestinal NET and the affected pathways. We also discuss potential epigenetic mechanisms leading to NET development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Di Domenico
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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61
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Lopez CK, Malinge S, Gaudry M, Bernard OA, Mercher T. Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: Multitasking Fusion Proteins and Oncogenic Cooperations. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:631-642. [PMID: 28867167 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric leukemia presents specific clinical and genetic features from adult leukemia but the underpinning mechanisms of transformation are still unclear. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is the malignant accumulation of progenitors of the megakaryocyte lineage that normally produce blood platelets. AMKL is diagnosed de novo, in patients showing a poor prognosis, or in Down syndrome (DS) patients with a better prognosis. Recent data show that de novo AMKL is primarily associated with chromosomal alterations leading to the expression of fusions between transcriptional regulators. This review highlights the most recurrent genetic events found in de novo pediatric AMKL patients and, based on recent functional analyses, proposes a mechanism of leukemogenesis common to de novo and DS-AMKL.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile K Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
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62
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Scahill CM, Digby Z, Sealy IM, Wojciechowska S, White RJ, Collins JE, Stemple DL, Bartke T, Mathers ME, Patton EE, Busch-Nentwich EM. Loss of the chromatin modifier Kdm2aa causes BrafV600E-independent spontaneous melanoma in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006959. [PMID: 28806732 PMCID: PMC5570503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM2A is a histone demethylase associated with transcriptional silencing, however very little is known about its in vivo role in development and disease. Here we demonstrate that loss of the orthologue kdm2aa in zebrafish causes widespread transcriptional disruption and leads to spontaneous melanomas at a high frequency. Fish homozygous for two independent premature stop codon alleles show reduced growth and survival, a strong male sex bias, and homozygous females exhibit a progressive oogenesis defect. kdm2aa mutant fish also develop melanomas from early adulthood onwards which are independent from mutations in braf and other common oncogenes and tumour suppressors as revealed by deep whole exome sequencing. In addition to effects on translation and DNA replication gene expression, high-replicate RNA-seq in morphologically normal individuals demonstrates a stable regulatory response of epigenetic modifiers and the specific de-repression of a group of zinc finger genes residing in constitutive heterochromatin. Together our data reveal a complex role for Kdm2aa in regulating normal mRNA levels and carcinogenesis. These findings establish kdm2aa mutants as the first single gene knockout model of melanoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Scahill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Zsofia Digby
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Sealy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Wojciechowska
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit & The University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - John E. Collins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Derek L. Stemple
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Till Bartke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie E. Mathers
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E. Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit & The University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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63
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Feng T, Wang Y, Lang Y, Zhang Y. KDM5A promotes proliferation and EMT in ovarian cancer and closely correlates with PTX resistance. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3573-3580. [PMID: 28714030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors initially performed reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the expression profile of KDM5A in ovarian cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue. Compared with adjacent normal tissue, it was identified that KDM5A was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. Moreover, human ovarian cell lines also confirmed that KDM5A was highly expressed in ovarian cancer. KDM5A was especially highly expressed in SKOV3/paclitaxel (PTX) cells, which are resistant to PTX. Previous studies demonstrated that chemoresistance in cancer cells facilitates epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Following this, whether KDM5A influenced EMT and metastasis was investigated. The expression of KDM5A and N‑cadherin were obviously higher in SKOV3/PTX cells than in SKOV3 cells. The expression of E‑cadherin was decreased and the expression of N‑cadherin was increased following ectopic expression of KDM5A, while the expression of E‑cadherin was increased and the expression of N‑cadherin was decreased following KDM5A depletion. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to explore the function of KMD5A in metastasis. The present results indicated that KDM5A facilitated EMT and metastasis in ovarian cells. Moreover, it was identified that P‑glycoprotein was increased while KDM5A was expressed ectopically in SKOV3 cells. Following fluorescence‑activated cell sorting flow cytometry analysis and CCK‑8 assay all revealed that KDM5A regulated the PTX sensitivity in SKOV3 and SKOV3/PTX cells. In brief, KDM5A is a crucial oncogene that is significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer. Its expression is closely correlated with cancer cell proliferation, EMT and metastasis. KDM5A suppresses ovarian cancer cell apoptosis under PTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Feng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Hubei Maternal and Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lang
- Department of Gynecology, Hubei Maternal and Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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64
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Balch C, Ramapuram JB, Tiwari AK. The Epigenomics of Embryonic Pathway Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:267. [PMID: 28579957 PMCID: PMC5437112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. While early detection (e.g., colonoscopy) generally yields excellent outcomes, metastatic and drug-resistant disease is uniformly fatal, and non-compliance for screening remains over 25%. Familial CRCs (10% of total cases) primarily include mutations in the gene APC. Somatic disease is linked to several environmental several risk factors, including mutations in WNT, KRAS, and TGFβ. To reflect the genesis/progression of CRC, a series of five discrete stages, from normal colon mucosa to fully invasive carcinoma, each regulated by specific “gatekeeper” genes, remains well-accepted after 20 years. However, many CRC tumors do not possess those particular mutations, suggesting alternative mechanisms. More recently, embryo-like “cancer stem cells” have been proposed to undergo self-renewal and drive tumorigenesis (and possibly, metastasis), as governed by specific “epigenomic” alterations. Here, we review recent literature describing possible mechanisms that underlie these phenotypes, including cancer “stemness,” believed by many to associate with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further propose that the maintenance of undifferentiated phenotypes, by the activity of distinct transcription factors, facilitates chromatin remodeling and phenotypic plasticity. With that regard, we support recent assertions that EMT is not an “either/or” event, but rather a continuous spectrum of mesenchymal vs. epithelial phenotypes (in various degrees of aberrant differentiation/undifferentiation). Finally, we discuss possible methods of pharmacologically targeting such aberrant epigenomes, with regard to their possible relevance toward halting, or even reversing, colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Balch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, ToledoOH, USA.,Bioscience Advising, YpsilantiMI, USA.,Complex Biological Systems Alliance, North AndoverMA, USA
| | - Jayaram B Ramapuram
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, AuburnAL, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, ToledoOH, USA
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Abstract
In this review, Dyson summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients? The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. RB1 mutations occur in almost all familial and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma, and this gene is mutated at variable frequencies in a variety of other human cancers. Because of its early discovery, the recessive nature of RB1 mutations, and its frequency of inactivation, RB1 is often described as a prototype for the class of tumor suppressor genes. Its gene product (pRB) regulates transcription and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Although these general features are well established, a precise description of pRB's mechanism of action has remained elusive. Indeed, in many regards, pRB remains an enigma. This review summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients?
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66
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Han Y, Jin Y, Lee SH, Khadka DB, Cho WJ, Lee KY. Berberine bioisostere Q8 compound stimulates osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:463-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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67
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Shen H, Xu W, Lan F. Histone lysine demethylases in mammalian embryonic development. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e325. [PMID: 28450736 PMCID: PMC6130211 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation, of histone proteins play important roles in regulating dynamic chromatin structure. Histone demethylation has become one of the most active research areas of epigenetics in the past decade. To date, with the exception of histone H3 lysine 79 methylation, the demethylases for all major lysine methylation sites have been discovered. These enzymes have been shown to be involved in various biological processes, with embryonic development being an exciting emerging area. This review will primarily discuss the involvement of these demethylases in the regulation of mammalian embryonic development, including their roles in embryonic stem cell pluripotency, primordial germ cell (PGC) formation and maternal-to-zygotic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Shen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Shanghai Ministry of Education, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Shanghai Ministry of Education, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Shanghai Ministry of Education, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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68
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Abstract
The organization of the chromatin structure is essential for maintaining cell-type-specific gene expression and therefore for cell identity. This structure is highly dynamic and is regulated by a large number of chromatin-associated proteins that are required for normal development and differentiation. Recurrent somatic mutations have been found with high frequency in genes coding for chromatin-associated proteins in cancer, and several of these are required for cancer maintenance. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of chromatin-associated proteins in transcription, development, and cancer. Specifically, we focus on selected examples of proteins belonging to the histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, or bromodomain families, for which specific small molecule inhibitors have been developed and are in either preclinical or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC),
- Centre for Epigenetics, and
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology,
- Drug Development Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
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69
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Maggi EC, Crabtree JS. Novel targets in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: RBP2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/ije-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 2, also known as RBP2, JARID1A or KDM5A, is an H3K4 demethylase implicated in a variety of non-neuroendocrine, and more recently, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). NETs are tumors that form from neuroendocrine cells in tissues of the GI tract, endocrine pancreas, lung, skin and other tissues. RBP2 is expressed at abnormally high levels in NETs and recent work demonstrates that modulation of RBP2 in vitro and in vivo impacts end points of tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the demethylase activity of RBP2 is not exclusively responsible for these changes, as RBP2's binding partners may mediate its activity in a tissue- or context-dependent manner. Here, we discuss the features of RBP2 and its role in cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis and drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Maggi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Brier ASB, Loft A, Madsen J, Rosengren T, Nielsen R, Schmidt SF, Liu Z, Yan Q, Gronemeyer H, Mandrup S. The KDM5 family is required for activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes during adipocyte differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1743-1759. [PMID: 27899593 PMCID: PMC5389521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM5 family of histone demethylases removes the H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) mark frequently found at promoter regions of actively transcribed genes and is therefore generally considered to contribute to corepression. In this study, we show that knockdown (KD) of all expressed members of the KDM5 family in white and brown preadipocytes leads to deregulated gene expression and blocks differentiation to mature adipocytes. KDM5 KD leads to a considerable increase in H3K4me3 at promoter regions; however, these changes in H3K4me3 have a limited effect on gene expression per se. By contrast, genome-wide analyses demonstrate that KDM5A is strongly enriched at KDM5-activated promoters, which generally have high levels of H3K4me3 and are associated with highly expressed genes. We show that KDM5-activated genes include a large set of cell cycle regulators and that the KDM5s are necessary for mitotic clonal expansion in 3T3-L1 cells, indicating that KDM5 KD may interfere with differentiation in part by impairing proliferation. Notably, the demethylase activity of KDM5A is required for activation of at least a subset of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes. In conclusion, the KDM5 family acts as dual modulators of gene expression in preadipocytes and is required for early stage differentiation and activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie B. Brier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. S. Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rosengren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Søren F. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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72
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Lin W, Francis JM, Li H, Gao X, Pedamallu CS, Ernst P, Meyerson M. Kmt2a cooperates with menin to suppress tumorigenesis in mouse pancreatic islets. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1274-1281. [PMID: 27801610 PMCID: PMC5199165 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1250986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) has increased, due in large part to improvements in detection and awareness. However, therapeutic options are limited and a critical need exists for understanding a more thorough characterization of the molecular pathology underlying this disease. The Men1 knockout mouse model recapitulates the early stage of human PanNET development and can serve as a foundation for the development of advanced mouse models that are necessary for preclinical testing. Menin, the product of the MEN1 gene, has been shown to physically interact with the KMT2A and KMT2B histone methyltransferases. Both the KMT2A and MEN1 genes are located on chromosome 11q, which frequently undergoes loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in PanNETs. We report herein that inactivation of Kmt2a in Men1-deficient mice accelerated pancreatic islet tumorigenesis and shortened the average life span. Increases in cell proliferation were observed in mouse pancreatic islet tumors upon inactivation of both Kmt2a and Men1. The Kmt2a/Men1 double knockout mouse model can be used as a mouse model to study advanced PanNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchu Lin
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China.,b Department of Medical Oncology & Center for Cancer Genome Discovery , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joshua M Francis
- b Department of Medical Oncology & Center for Cancer Genome Discovery , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Hong Li
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- b Department of Medical Oncology & Center for Cancer Genome Discovery , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- d Department of Pediatrics , The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- b Department of Medical Oncology & Center for Cancer Genome Discovery , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA
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73
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Blair LP, Liu Z, Labitigan RLD, Wu L, Zheng D, Xia Z, Pearson EL, Nazeer FI, Cao J, Lang SM, Rines RJ, Mackintosh SG, Moore CL, Li W, Tian B, Tackett AJ, Yan Q. KDM5 lysine demethylases are involved in maintenance of 3'UTR length. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501662. [PMID: 28138513 PMCID: PMC5262454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity by which cells regulate gene and protein expression is multifaceted and intricate. Regulation of 3' untranslated region (UTR) processing of mRNA has been shown to play a critical role in development and disease. However, the process by which cells select alternative mRNA forms is not well understood. We discovered that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysine demethylase, Jhd2 (also known as KDM5), recruits 3'UTR processing machinery and promotes alteration of 3'UTR length for some genes in a demethylase-dependent manner. Interaction of Jhd2 with both chromatin and RNA suggests that Jhd2 affects selection of polyadenylation sites through a transcription-coupled mechanism. Furthermore, its mammalian homolog KDM5B (also known as JARID1B or PLU1), but not KDM5A (also known as JARID1A or RBP2), promotes shortening of CCND1 transcript in breast cancer cells. Consistent with these results, KDM5B expression correlates with shortened CCND1 in human breast tumor tissues. In contrast, both KDM5A and KDM5B are involved in the lengthening of DICER1. Our findings suggest both a novel role for this family of demethylases and a novel targetable mechanism for 3'UTR processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Blair
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erica L. Pearson
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Fathima I. Nazeer
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sabine M. Lang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rachel J. Rines
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72032, USA
| | - Claire L. Moore
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72032, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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74
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Maggi EC, Trillo-Tinoco J, Struckhoff AP, Vijayaraghavan J, Del Valle L, Crabtree JS. Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBP2) is frequently expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and promotes the neoplastic phenotype. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e257. [PMID: 27548814 PMCID: PMC5007832 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which can have survival rates as low as 4%, currently have limited therapeutic interventions available highlighting the dire need for the identification of novel biological targets for use as new potential drug targets. One such potential target is retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBP2), an H3K4 demethylase whose overexpression has been linked to cancer formation and metastasis in non-endocrine tumor types. We measured RBP2 mRNA and protein levels in enteropancreatic NETs by measuring RBP2 in matched human normal and NET tissue samples. Further, proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation assays were performed in the physiologically relevant NET cell lines βlox5, H727 and QGP-1 to understand the role of RBP2 and its demethylase activity on end points of tumorigenesis. Our data indicate a strong correlation between RBP2 mRNA and protein expression in NET specimens. RBP2 was overexpressed relative to tissue-matched normal controls in 80% of the human tumors measured. In vitro studies showed RBP2 overexpression significantly increased proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation, whereas knockdown significantly decreases the same parameters in a demethylase-independent manner. The cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p57 decreased with RBP2 overexpression and increased upon its depletion, suggesting a regulatory role for RBP2 in cellular proliferation. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the aberrant overexpression of RBP2 is a frequent contributing factor to tumor formation and metastasis in enteropancreatic NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Maggi
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J Trillo-Tinoco
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A P Struckhoff
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - L Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
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75
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Zhaunova L, Ohkura H, Breuer M. Kdm5/Lid Regulates Chromosome Architecture in Meiotic Prophase I Independently of Its Histone Demethylase Activity. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006241. [PMID: 27494704 PMCID: PMC4975413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase of the first meiotic division (prophase I), chromatin dynamically reorganises to recombine and prepare for chromosome segregation. Histone modifying enzymes are major regulators of chromatin structure, but our knowledge of their roles in prophase I is still limited. Here we report on crucial roles of Kdm5/Lid, one of two histone demethylases in Drosophila that remove one of the trimethyl groups at Lys4 of Histone 3 (H3K4me3). In the absence of Kdm5/Lid, the synaptonemal complex was only partially formed and failed to be maintained along chromosome arms, while localisation of its components at centromeres was unaffected. Kdm5/Lid was also required for karyosome formation and homologous centromere pairing in prophase I. Although loss of Kdm5/Lid dramatically increased the level of H3K4me3 in oocytes, catalytically inactive Kdm5/Lid can rescue the above cytological defects. Therefore Kdm5/Lid controls chromatin architecture in meiotic prophase I oocytes independently of its demethylase activity. Accurate transmission of chromosomes carrying genetic materials from generation to generation is essential for life. Cell divisions that generate gametes, such as eggs and sperm, are critical, as chromosomes inherited from both parents recombine and are accurately sorted into gametes. Errors in these cell divisions often result in infertility, miscarriages or birth defects such as Down syndrome in humans. During these divisions, chromosomes undergo dramatic reorganisation but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Chromosome organisation is known to be regulated by various epigenetic marks, which are chemical marks on chromatin crucial for regulating gene expression. We found that an enzyme (Kdm5/Lid) that erases a mark linked to active gene expression regulates multiple aspects of meiotic chromatin organisation in oocytes, including stability of the recombination machinery. Unexpectedly, this function does not require its enzymatic activity. Our findings provide novel insights into how chromosomes are reorganised during reproduction and prompt re-evaluation of the role of this eraser enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Zhaunova
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroyuki Ohkura
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Breuer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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76
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Horton JR, Liu X, Gale M, Wu L, Shanks JR, Zhang X, Webber PJ, Bell JSK, Kales SC, Mott BT, Rai G, Jansen DJ, Henderson MJ, Urban DJ, Hall MD, Simeonov A, Maloney DJ, Johns MA, Fu H, Jadhav A, Vertino PM, Yan Q, Cheng X. Structural Basis for KDM5A Histone Lysine Demethylase Inhibition by Diverse Compounds. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:769-781. [PMID: 27427228 PMCID: PMC4958579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The KDM5/JARID1 family of Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylases removes methyl groups from methylated lysine 4 of histone H3. Accumulating evidence supports a role for KDM5 family members as oncogenic drivers. We compare the in vitro inhibitory properties and binding affinity of ten diverse compounds with all four family members, and present the crystal structures of the KDM5A-linked Jumonji domain in complex with eight of these inhibitors in the presence of Mn(II). All eight inhibitors structurally examined occupy the binding site of α-ketoglutarate, but differ in their specific binding interactions, including the number of ligands involved in metal coordination. We also observed inhibitor-induced conformational changes in KDM5A, particularly those residues involved in the binding of α-ketoglutarate, the anticipated peptide substrate, and intramolecular interactions. We discuss how particular chemical moieties contribute to inhibitor potency and suggest strategies that might be utilized in the successful design of selective and potent epigenetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Horton
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Molly Gale
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John R Shanks
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Philip J Webber
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua S K Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen C Kales
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bryan T Mott
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Daniel J Jansen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Daniel J Urban
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Margaret A Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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77
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Zhou D, Kannappan V, Chen X, Li J, Leng X, Zhang J, Xuan S. RBP2 induces stem-like cancer cells by promoting EMT and is a prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e238. [PMID: 27282106 PMCID: PMC4929691 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the most common kidney cancers, has a poor prognosis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a hallmark of carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Several studies have examined the molecular regulation of EMT, but the relationship between histone demethylases and EMT is little understood. In this study, we investigated the role of retinoblastoma-binding protein-2 (RBP2), a histone demethylase that is highly expressed in RCC and is positively correlated with poor RCC prognosis in the regulation of EMT. We found that ectopic overexpression of RBP2 can induce cancer stem cell-like (CSC) phenotypes through EMT in RCC cells by converting them to a more mesenchymal phenotype. This results in increased resistance to apoptosis, which leads to enhanced tumor growth in xenograft models. Together, our data show that RBP2 is an epigenetic regulator that has an important role in the initiation of CSC phenotypes through EMT, leading to tumor progression. RBP2 is also a novel biomolecule for RCC diagnosis, and prognosis and may be a therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/analysis
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Zhou
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Vinodh Kannappan
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Jingqin Li
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Leng
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiying Xuan
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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78
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An inhibitor of KDM5 demethylases reduces survival of drug-tolerant cancer cells. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:531-8. [PMID: 27214401 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The KDM5 family of histone demethylases catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) and is required for the survival of drug-tolerant persister cancer cells (DTPs). Here we report the discovery and characterization of the specific KDM5 inhibitor CPI-455. The crystal structure of KDM5A revealed the mechanism of inhibition of CPI-455 as well as the topological arrangements of protein domains that influence substrate binding. CPI-455 mediated KDM5 inhibition, elevated global levels of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and decreased the number of DTPs in multiple cancer cell line models treated with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents. These findings show that pretreatment of cancer cells with a KDM5-specific inhibitor results in the ablation of a subpopulation of cancer cells that can serve as the founders for therapeutic relapse.
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79
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Kohno S, Kitajima S, Sasaki N, Takahashi C. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor functions shared by stem cell and cancer cell strategies. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:170-84. [PMID: 27114748 PMCID: PMC4835675 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic transformation of somatic cells resembles nuclear reprogramming toward the generation of pluripotent stem cells. These events share eternal escape from cellular senescence, continuous self-renewal in limited but certain population of cells, and refractoriness to terminal differentiation while maintaining the potential to differentiate into cells of one or multiple lineages. As represented by several oncogenes those appeared to be first keys to pluripotency, carcinogenesis and nuclear reprogramming seem to share a number of core mechanisms. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor product retinoblastoma (RB) seems to be critically involved in both events in highly complicated manners. However, disentangling such complicated interactions has enabled us to better understand how stem cell strategies are shared by cancer cells. This review covers recent findings on RB functions related to stem cells and stem cell-like behaviors of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kohno
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Nobunari Sasaki
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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80
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Horton JR, Engstrom A, Zoeller EL, Liu X, Shanks JR, Zhang X, Johns MA, Vertino PM, Fu H, Cheng X. Characterization of a Linked Jumonji Domain of the KDM5/JARID1 Family of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Demethylases. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:2631-46. [PMID: 26645689 PMCID: PMC4742734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM5/JARID1 family of Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylases remove methyl groups from tri- and dimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3. Accumulating evidence from primary tumors and model systems supports a role for KDM5A (JARID1A/RBP2) and KDM5B (JARID1B/PLU1) as oncogenic drivers. The KDM5 family is unique among the Jumonji domain-containing histone demethylases in that there is an atypical insertion of a DNA-binding ARID domain and a histone-binding PHD domain into the Jumonji domain, which separates the catalytic domain into two fragments (JmjN and JmjC). Here we demonstrate that internal deletion of the ARID and PHD1 domains has a negligible effect on in vitro enzymatic kinetics of the KDM5 family of enzymes. We present a crystal structure of the linked JmjN-JmjC domain from KDM5A, which reveals that the linked domain fully reconstitutes the cofactor (metal ion and α-ketoglutarate) binding characteristics of other structurally characterized Jumonji domain demethylases. Docking studies with GSK-J1, a selective inhibitor of the KDM6/KDM5 subfamilies, identify critical residues for binding of the inhibitor to the reconstituted KDM5 Jumonji domain. Further, we found that GSK-J1 inhibited the demethylase activity of KDM5C with 8.5-fold increased potency compared with that of KDM5B at 1 mm α-ketoglutarate. In contrast, JIB-04 (a pan-inhibitor of the Jumonji demethylase superfamily) had the opposite effect and was ~8-fold more potent against KDM5B than against KDM5C. Interestingly, the relative selectivity of JIB-04 toward KDM5B over KDM5C in vitro translates to a ~10-50-fold greater growth-inhibitory activity against breast cancer cell lines. These data define the minimal requirements for enzymatic activity of the KDM5 family to be the linked JmjN-JmjC domain coupled with the immediate C-terminal helical zinc-binding domain and provide structural characterization of the linked JmjN-JmjC domain for the KDM5 family, which should prove useful in the design of KDM5 demethylase inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Engstrom
- the Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | - Xu Liu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry
| | | | | | | | - Paula M Vertino
- Radiation Oncology, the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Haian Fu
- the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Radiation Oncology, the Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, and Hematology and Medical Oncology, and
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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81
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Denis H, Van Grembergen O, Delatte B, Dedeurwaerder S, Putmans P, Calonne E, Rothé F, Sotiriou C, Fuks F, Deplus R. MicroRNAs regulate KDM5 histone demethylases in breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:404-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression.
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82
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D'Oto A, Tian QW, Davidoff AM, Yang J. Histone demethylases and their roles in cancer epigenetics. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2016; 1:34-40. [PMID: 28149961 PMCID: PMC5279889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic abnormalities that drive tumorigenesis are usually coupled with epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation and aberrant histone modifications, which may help oncogenic drivers accelerate cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The discovery of histone demethylases has provided us new insight for understanding the epigenetic landscape of the chromatin environment of cancer cells. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the human histone lysine demethylases and their functions in cancers, and recent advances in development of small molecule inhibitors to target histone demethylases in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D'Oto
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Qing-wu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
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83
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Váraljai R, Islam ABMMK, Beshiri ML, Rehman J, Lopez-Bigas N, Benevolenskaya EV. Increased mitochondrial function downstream from KDM5A histone demethylase rescues differentiation in pRB-deficient cells. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1817-34. [PMID: 26314709 PMCID: PMC4573855 DOI: 10.1101/gad.264036.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRb restricts cell growth through inhibition of cell cycle progression. Increasing evidence suggests that pRb also promotes differentiation, but the mechanisms are poorly understood, and the key question remains as to how differentiation in tumor cells can be enhanced in order to diminish their aggressive potential. Previously, we identified the histone demethylase KDM5A (lysine [K]-specific demethylase 5A), which demethylates histone H3 on Lys4 (H3K4), as a pRB-interacting protein counteracting pRB's role in promoting differentiation. Here we show that loss of Kdm5a restores differentiation through increasing mitochondrial respiration. This metabolic effect is both necessary and sufficient to induce the expression of a network of cell type-specific signaling and structural genes. Importantly, the regulatory functions of pRB in the cell cycle and differentiation are distinct because although restoring differentiation requires intact mitochondrial function, it does not necessitate cell cycle exit. Cells lacking Rb1 exhibit defective mitochondria and decreased oxygen consumption. Kdm5a is a direct repressor of metabolic regulatory genes, thus explaining the compensatory role of Kdm5a deletion in restoring mitochondrial function and differentiation. Significantly, activation of mitochondrial function by the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator Pgc-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator 1α; also called PPARGC1A) a coactivator of the Kdm5a target genes, is sufficient to override the differentiation block. Overexpression of Pgc-1α, like KDM5A deletion, inhibits cell growth in RB-negative human cancer cell lines. The rescue of differentiation by loss of KDM5A or by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis reveals the switch to oxidative phosphorylation as an essential step in restoring differentiation and a less aggressive cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Váraljai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA; Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Michael L Beshiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Elizaveta V Benevolenskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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84
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Abstract
Hydroxylation is an emerging modification generally catalyzed by a family of ∼70 enzymes that are dependent on oxygen, Fe(II), ascorbate, and the Kreb's cycle intermediate 2-oxoglutarate (2OG). These "2OG oxygenases" sit at the intersection of nutrient availability and metabolism where they have the potential to regulate gene expression and growth in response to changes in co-factor abundance. Characterized 2OG oxygenases regulate fundamental cellular processes by catalyzing the hydroxylation or demethylation (via hydroxylation) of DNA, RNA, or protein. As such they have been implicated in various syndromes and diseases, but particularly cancer. In this review we discuss the emerging role of 2OG oxygenases in gene expression control, examine the regulation of these unique enzymes by nutrient availability and metabolic intermediates, and describe these properties in relation to the expanding role of these enzymes in cancer.
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85
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Liu H, Liu L, Holowatyj A, Jiang Y, Yang ZQ. Integrated genomic and functional analyses of histone demethylases identify oncogenic KDM2A isoform in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015. [PMID: 26207617 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) comprise a large class of enzymes that catalyze site-specific demethylation of lysine residues on histones and other proteins. They play critical roles in controlling transcription, chromatin architecture, and cellular differentiation. However, the genomic landscape and clinical significance of KDMs in breast cancer remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 24 KDMs in breast cancer and identified associations among recurrent copy number alterations, gene expression, breast cancer subtypes, and clinical outcome. Two KDMs, KDM2A and KDM5B, had the highest frequency of genetic amplification and overexpression. Furthermore, among the 24 KDM genes, KDM2A had the highest correlation between copy number and mRNA expression, and high mRNA levels of KDM2A were significantly associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. KDM2A has two isoforms: the long isoform is comprised of a JmjC domain, CXXC-zinc finger, PHD zinc finger, F-box, and the AMN1 protein domain; whereas the short isoform of KDM2A lacks the N-terminal JmjC domain but contains all other motifs. Detailed characterization of KDM2A in breast cancer revealed that the short isoform of KDM2A is more abundant than the long isoform at DNA, mRNA, and protein levels in a subset of breast cancers. Furthermore, our data indicate that the short isoform of KDM2A has oncogenic potential and functions as an oncogenic isoform in a subset of breast cancers. Taken together, our findings suggest that amplification and overexpression of the KDM2A short isoform is critical in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lanxin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andreana Holowatyj
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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86
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Liang X, Zeng J, Wang L, Shen L, Li S, Ma L, Ci X, Yu J, Jia M, Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Li W, Yu H, Chen C, Jia J. Histone demethylase RBP2 induced by Helicobactor Pylori CagA participates in the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5798-807. [PMID: 25015565 PMCID: PMC4170602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation induced by Helicobactor Pylori contributes to tumor development, but the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that RBP2, a newly identified histone demethylase, can be induced by CagA via PI3K/AKT-Sp1 pathway depending on AKT phosphorylation. Sp1 directly binds to RBP2 promoter and enhances its expression then the upregulated RBP2 significantly increases Cyclin D1 transcription, which contributes to gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation. Further data indicate that knockdown of endogenous RBP2 dominantly inhibits gastric cancer (GC) development both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this CagA- PI3K/AKT-Sp1-RBP2-Cyclin D1 pathway may serve as a novel mechanism for gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation and then gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, RBP2 may link chronic inflammation to tumor development and its inhibition may have potential therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Liang
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ci
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingya Yu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mutian Jia
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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87
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Rasmussen PB, Staller P. The KDM5 family of histone demethylases as targets in oncology drug discovery. Epigenomics 2015; 6:277-86. [PMID: 25111482 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a causal role of the KDM5 family of histone demethylases in human cancer. In particular, KDM5A (JARID1A/RBP2) and KDM5B (JARID1B/PLU1) contribute to cancer cell proliferation, reduce the expression of tumor suppressor genes, promote the development of drug tolerance and maintain tumor-initiating cells. KDM5 enzymes remove tri- and di-methylations of lysine 4 of histone H3 - modifications that occur at the start site of transcription in actively transcribed genes. However, the importance of the histone demethylase activity of KDM5 proteins for cancer cells has not been resolved so far. The currently available approaches suppress or remove the targeted proteins and thereby affect their putative functions as structural components and recruitment factors for other chromatin-associated proteins. Therefore, the development of specific enzymatic inhibitors for KDM5 will promote our understanding of the biological role of their catalytic activity and yield potential novel anticancer therapeutics.
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88
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Lin W, Watanabe H, Peng S, Francis JM, Kaplan N, Pedamallu CS, Ramachandran A, Agoston A, Bass AJ, Meyerson M. Dynamic epigenetic regulation by menin during pancreatic islet tumor formation. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:689-98. [PMID: 25537453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The tumor suppressor gene MEN1 is frequently mutated in sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) and is responsible for the familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) cancer syndrome. Menin, the protein product of MEN1, associates with the histone methyltransferases (HMT) MLL1 (KMT2A) and MLL4 (KMT2B) to form menin-HMT complexes in both human and mouse model systems. To elucidate the role of methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) mediated by menin-HMT complexes during PanNET formation, genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) signals were mapped in pancreatic islets using unbiased chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles and histone H3K4me3 levels identified a number of transcripts and target genes dependent on menin. In the absence of Men1, histone H3K27me3 levels are enriched, with a concomitant decrease in H3K4me3 within the promoters of these target genes. In particular, expression of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene is subject to dynamic epigenetic regulation by Men1-dependent histone modification in a time-dependent manner. Decreased expression of IGF2BP2 in Men1-deficient hyperplastic pancreatic islets is partially reversed by ablation of RBP2 (KDM5A), a histone H3K4-specific demethylase of the jumonji, AT-rich interactive domain 1 (JARID1) family. Taken together, these data demonstrate that loss of Men1 in pancreatic islet cells alters the epigenetic landscape of its target genes. IMPLICATIONS Epigenetic profiling and gene expression analysis in Men1-deficient pancreatic islet cells reveals vital insight into the molecular events that occur during the progression of pancreatic islet tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu RD, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shouyong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua M Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Kaplan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aruna Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Agoston Agoston
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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89
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Zhu L, Lu Z, Zhao H. Antitumor mechanisms when pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated. Oncogene 2014; 34:4547-57. [PMID: 25486431 PMCID: PMC4459916 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
pRb and p53 are the two major tumor suppressors. Their inactivation is frequent when cancers develop and their reactivation is rationale of most cancer therapeutics. When pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated, cells irreparably lose the antitumor mechanisms afforded by them. Cancer genome studies document recurrent genetic inactivation of RB1 and TP53, and the inactivation becomes more frequent in more advanced cancers. These findings may explain why more advanced cancers are more likely to resist current therapies. Finding successful treatments for more advanced and multi-therapy resistant cancers will depend on finding antitumor mechanisms that remain effective when pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated. Here, we review studies that have begun to make progress in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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90
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Agarwal SK. Exploring the tumors of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in mouse models for basic and preclinical studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2014; 1:153-161. [PMID: 25685317 DOI: 10.2217/ije.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients (70-90%) with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome possess germline heterozygous mutations in MEN1 that predisposes to tumors of multiple endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. Some endocrine tumors of the kinds seen in MEN1 that occur sporadically in the general population also possess somatic mutations in MEN1. Interestingly, the endocrine tumors of MEN1 are recapitulated in mouse models of Men1 loss that serve as a valuable resource to understand the pathophysiology and molecular basis of tumorigenesis. Exploring these endocrine tumors in mouse models using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methods can help to follow the process of tumorigenesis, and can be useful for preclinical testing of therapeutics and understanding their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg 10, Room 8C-101, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Tel.: +1 301 402 7834
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91
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Liu X, Greer C, Secombe J. KDM5 interacts with Foxo to modulate cellular levels of oxidative stress. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004676. [PMID: 25329053 PMCID: PMC4199495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cellular levels of oxidative stress are implicated in a large number of human diseases. Here we describe the transcription co-factor KDM5 (also known as Lid) as a new critical regulator of cellular redox state. Moreover, this occurs through a novel KDM5 activity whereby it alters the ability of the transcription factor Foxo to bind to DNA. Our microarray analyses of kdm5 mutants revealed a striking enrichment for genes required to regulate cellular levels of oxidative stress. Consistent with this, loss of kdm5 results in increased sensitivity to treatment with oxidizers, elevated levels of oxidized proteins, and increased mutation load. KDM5 activates oxidative stress resistance genes by interacting with Foxo to facilitate its recruitment to KDM5-Foxo co-regulated genes. Significantly, this occurs independently of KDM5's well-characterized demethylase activity. Instead, KDM5 interacts with the lysine deacetylase HDAC4 to promote Foxo deacetylation, which affects Foxo DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Greer
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Secombe
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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92
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Abstract
Epigenetic control of gene expression programs is essential for normal organismal development and cellular function. Abrogation of epigenetic regulation is seen in many human diseases, including cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders, where it can affect disease etiology and progression. Abnormal epigenetic profiles can serve as biomarkers of disease states and predictors of disease outcomes. Therefore, epigenetics is a key area of clinical investigation in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this review, we give an overarching view of epigenetic mechanisms of human disease. Genetic mutations in genes that encode chromatin regulators can cause monogenic disease or are incriminated in polygenic, multifactorial diseases. Environmental stresses can also impact directly on chromatin regulation, and these changes can increase the risk of, or directly cause, disease. Finally, emerging evidence suggests that exposure to environmental stresses in older generations may predispose subsequent generations to disease in a manner that involves the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brookes
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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93
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Nishibuchi G, Shibata Y, Hayakawa T, Hayakawa N, Ohtani Y, Sinmyozu K, Tagami H, Nakayama JI. Physical and functional interactions between the histone H3K4 demethylase KDM5A and the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28956-70. [PMID: 25190814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3K4 methylation has been linked to transcriptional activation. KDM5A (also known as RBP2 or JARID1A), a member of the KDM5 protein family, is an H3K4 demethylase, previously implicated in the regulation of transcription and differentiation. Here, we show that KDM5A is physically and functionally associated with two histone deacetylase complexes. Immunoaffinity purification of KDM5A confirmed a previously described association with the SIN3B-containing histone deacetylase complex and revealed an association with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Sucrose density gradient and sequential immunoprecipitation analyses further confirmed the stable association of KDM5A with these two histone deacetylase complexes. KDM5A depletion led to changes in the expression of hundreds of genes, two-thirds of which were also controlled by CHD4, the NuRD catalytic subunit. Gene ontology analysis confirmed that the genes commonly regulated by both KDM5A and CHD4 were categorized as developmentally regulated genes. ChIP analyses suggested that CHD4 modulates H3K4 methylation levels at the promoter and coding regions of target genes. We further demonstrated that the Caenorhabditis elegans homologues of KDM5 and CHD4 function in the same pathway during vulva development. These results suggest that KDM5A and the NuRD complex cooperatively function to control developmentally regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohei Nishibuchi
- From the Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501
| | - Yukimasa Shibata
- the Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, and
| | | | | | | | - Kaori Sinmyozu
- Proteomics Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagami
- From the Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501
| | - Jun-ichi Nakayama
- From the Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, the Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics and
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94
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Deb M, Kar S, Sengupta D, Shilpi A, Parbin S, Rath SK, Londhe VA, Patra SK. Chromatin dynamics: H3K4 methylation and H3 variant replacement during development and in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3439-63. [PMID: 24676717 PMCID: PMC11113154 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of chromatin and its myriad modifications play a crucial role in gene regulation (expression and repression) during development, cellular survival, homeostasis, ageing, and apoptosis/death. Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4 methylation) catalyzed by H3K4 specific histone methyltransferases is one of the more critical chromatin modifications that is generally associated with gene activation. Additionally, the deposition of H3 variant(s) in conjunction with H3K4 methylation generates an intricately reliable epigenetic regulatory circuit that guides transcriptional activity in normal development and homeostasis. Consequently, alterations in this epigenetic circuit may trigger disease development. The mechanistic relationship between H3 variant deposition and H3K4 methylation during normal development has remained foggy. However, recent investigations in the field of chromatin dynamics in various model organisms, tumors, cancer tissues, and cell lines cultured without and with therapeutic agents, as well as from model reconstituted chromatins reveal that there may be different subsets of chromatin assemblage with specific patterns of histone replacement executing similar functions. In this light, we attempt to explain the intricate control system that maintains chromatin structure and dynamics during normal development as well as during tumor development and cancer progression in this review. Our focus is to highlight the contribution of H3K4 methylation-histone variant crosstalk in regulating chromatin architecture and subsequently its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonmoon Deb
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Swayamsiddha Kar
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Dipta Sengupta
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Arunima Shilpi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sabnam Parbin
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sandip K. Rath
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Vedang A. Londhe
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752 USA
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
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95
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Stein J, Majores M, Rohde M, Lim S, Schneider S, Krappe E, Ellinger J, Dietel M, Stephan C, Jung K, Perner S, Kristiansen G, Kirfel J. KDM5C is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is a prognostic marker for prostate-specific antigen-relapse following radical prostatectomy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2430-7. [PMID: 25016185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, few prognostic factors are available to predict the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer and no curative options are available. Epigenetic gene regulation has been shown to trigger prostate cancer metastasis and androgen independence. Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are epigenetic enzymes that can remove both repressive and activating histone marks. KDM5 family members are capable of removing the histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation-activating mark, rendering them potential players in the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and suggesting that their activity could repress oncogenes. Here, we systematically investigated KDM5C expression patterns in two independent radical prostatectomy cohorts (822 prostate tumors in total) by immunohistochemistry. Positive nuclear KDM5C staining was significantly associated with a reduced prostate-specific antigen relapse-free survival. Our study confirmed that nuclear KDM5C expression is an independent prognostic parameter. Most strikingly, the prognostic value of nuclear KDM5C expression for progression-free survival was exclusively pronounced for the Gleason group 7. In addition, KDM5C knockdown resulted in growth retardation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and induced regulation of several proliferation-associated genes. Our data indicate that KDM5C is functionally involved in proliferation control of prostate cancer cells and might represent a novel attractive therapy target. Moreover, overexpression of KDM5C is an independent new predictive marker for therapy failure as determined by biochemical recurrence in patients after prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Soyoung Lim
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Eliana Krappe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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96
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Pieterman CRC, Conemans EB, Dreijerink KMA, de Laat JM, Timmers HTM, Vriens MR, Valk GD. Thoracic and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: natural history and function of menin in tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R121-42. [PMID: 24389729 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene lead to loss of function of its protein product menin. In keeping with its tumor suppressor function in endocrine tissues, the majority of the MEN1-related neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 11q13. In sporadic NETs, MEN1 mutations and LOH are also reported, indicating common pathways in tumor development. Prevalence of thymic NETs (thNETs) and pulmonary carcinoids in MEN1 patients is 2-8%. Pulmonary carcinoids may be underreported and research on natural history is limited, but disease-related mortality is low. thNETs have a high mortality rate. Duodenopancreatic NETs (dpNETs) are multiple, almost universally found at pathology, and associated with precursor lesions. Gastrinomas are usually located in the duodenal submucosa while other dpNETs are predominantly pancreatic. dpNETs are an important determinant of MEN1-related survival, with an estimated 10-year survival of 75%. Survival differs between subtypes and apart from tumor size there are no known prognostic factors. Natural history of nonfunctioning pancreatic NETs needs to be redefined because of increased detection of small tumors. MEN1-related gastrinomas seem to behave similar to their sporadic counterparts, while insulinomas seem to be more aggressive. Investigations into the molecular functions of menin have led to new insights into MEN1-related tumorigenesis. Menin is involved in gene transcription, both as an activator and repressor. It is part of chromatin-modifying protein complexes, indicating involvement of epigenetic pathways in MEN1-related NET development. Future basic and translational research aimed at NETs in large unbiased cohorts will clarify the role of menin in NET tumorigenesis and might lead to new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R C Pieterman
- Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post number L.00.408, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands Division of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Molecular Cancer Research Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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97
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Zou MR, Cao J, Liu Z, Huh SJ, Polyak K, Yan Q. Histone demethylase jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B) controls mammary gland development by regulating key developmental and lineage specification genes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17620-33. [PMID: 24802759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The JmjC domain-containing H3K4 histone demethylase jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B) (also known as KDM5B and PLU1) is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a potential target for breast cancer treatment. To investigate the in vivo function of JARID1B, we developed Jarid1b(-/-) mice and characterized their phenotypes in detail. Unlike previously reported Jarid1b(-/-) strains, the majority of these Jarid1b(-/-) mice were viable beyond embryonic and neonatal stages. This allowed us to further examine phenotypes associated with the loss of JARID1B in pubertal development and pregnancy. These Jarid1b(-/-) mice exhibited decreased body weight, premature mortality, decreased female fertility, and delayed mammary gland development. Related to these phenotypes, JARID1B loss decreased serum estrogen level and reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation in early puberty. In mammary epithelial cells, JARID1B loss diminished the expression of key regulators for mammary morphogenesis and luminal lineage specification, including FOXA1 and estrogen receptor α. Mechanistically, JARID1B was required for GATA3 recruitment to the Foxa1 promoter to activate Foxa1 expression. These results indicate that JARID1B positively regulates mammary ductal development through both extrinsic and cell-autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Ran Zou
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Jian Cao
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Qin Yan
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,
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98
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Li L, Wang L, Song P, Geng X, Liang X, Zhou M, Wang Y, Chen C, Jia J, Zeng J. Critical role of histone demethylase RBP2 in human gastric cancer angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:81. [PMID: 24716659 PMCID: PMC4113143 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis and abnormal expression of angiogenic factors in gastric cancer, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), remain unclear. The histone demethylase retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2) is involved in gastric tumorgenesis by inhibiting the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). Methods The expression of RBP2, VEGF, CD31, CD34 and Ki67 was assessed in 30 human gastric cancer samples and normal control samples. We used quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis, ELISA, tube-formation assay and colony-formation assay to characterize the change in VEGF expression and associated biological activities induced by RBP2 silencing or overexpression. Luciferase assay and ChIP were used to explore the direct regulation of RBP2 on the promoter activity of VEGF. Nude mice and RBP2-targeted mutant mice were used to detect the role of RBP2 in VEGF expression and angiogenesis in vivo. Results RBP2 and VEGF were both overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissue, with greater microvessel density (MVD) and cell proliferation as compared with normal tissue. In gastric epithelial cell lines, RBP2 overexpression significantly promoted the expression of VEGF and the growth and angiogenesis of the cells, while RBP2 knockdown had the reverse effect. RBP2 directly bound to the promoter of VEGF to regulate its expression by histone H3K4 demethylation. The subcutis of nude mice transfected with BGC-823 cells with RBP2 knockdown showed reduced VEGF expression and MVD, with reduced carcinogenesis and cell proliferation. In addition, the gastric epithelia of RBP2 mutant mice with increased H3K4 trimethylation showed reduced VEGF expression and MVD. Conclusions The promotion of gastric tumorigenesis by RBP2 was significantly associated with transactivation of VEGF expression and elevated angiogenesis. Overexpression of RBP2 and activation of VEGF might play important roles in human gastric cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, P, R, China.
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99
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Lu Z, Bauzon F, Fu H, Cui J, Zhao H, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Zhu L. Skp2 suppresses apoptosis in Rb1-deficient tumours by limiting E2F1 activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3463. [PMID: 24632684 PMCID: PMC3982150 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism of tumor suppression by pRb is repressing E2F1. Hence, E2f1 deletion diminishes tumorigenesis following Rb1 loss. However, E2F1 promotes both proliferation and apoptosis. It therefore remains unclear how de-repressed E2F1 promotes tumorigenesis. Another mechanism of pRb function is repressing Skp2 to elevate p27 to arrest proliferation. However, Skp2 deletion induced apoptosis, not proliferation arrest, in Rb1 deficient pituitary tumorigenesis. Here, we show that Rb1 deletion induces higher expression of E2F1 target genes in the absence of Skp2. E2F1 binds less cyclin A but more target promoters when Rb1 is deleted with Skp2 knockout or p27T187A knockin, suggesting that stabilized p27 prevents cyclin A from binding and inhibiting E2F1. In Rb1 deficient pituitary tumorigenesis, Skp2 deletion or p27T187A mutation converts E2F1’s role from proliferative to apoptotic. These findings delineate a pRb-Skp2-p27-cyclin A-E2F1 pathway that determines whether E2F1 is proliferative or apoptotic in Rb1 deficient tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Lu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Frederick Bauzon
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jinhua Cui
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiich I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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100
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Cao J, Liu Z, Cheung WKC, Zhao M, Chen SY, Chan SW, Booth CJ, Nguyen DX, Yan Q. Histone demethylase RBP2 is critical for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Cell Rep 2014; 6:868-77. [PMID: 24582965 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic modifications contribute significantly to tumor formation and progression. However, the drivers and roles of such epigenetic changes in tumor metastasis are still poorly understood. Using bioinformatic analysis of human breast cancer gene-expression data sets, we identified histone demethylase RBP2 as a putative mediator of metastatic progression. By using both human breast cancer cells and genetically engineered mice, we demonstrated that RBP2 is critical for breast cancer metastasis to the lung in multiple in vivo models. Mechanistically, RBP2 promotes metastasis as a pleiotropic positive regulator of many metastasis genes, including TNC. In addition, RBP2 loss suppresses tumor formation in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of RBP2 is a potential strategy for inhibition of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sophia Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Siew Wee Chan
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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