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Naik A, Griffin M, Szarko M, Butler PE. Optimizing the decellularization process of an upper limb skeletal muscle; implications for muscle tissue engineering. Artif Organs 2019; 44:178-183. [PMID: 31571221 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upper limb muscle reconstruction is required following cancer resection, trauma, and congenital deformities. Current surgical reconstruction of the muscle involves local, regional and free flaps. However, muscle reconstruction is not always possible due to the size of the defect and functional donor site morbidity. These challenges could be addressed with the production of scaffolds composed of an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from decellularized human skeletal muscle. This study aimed to find an optimal technique to decellularize a flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. The first two protocols were based on a detergent only (DOT) and a detergent-enzymatic protocol (DET). The third protocol avoided the use of detergents and proteolytic enzymes (NDNET). The decellularized scaffolds were characterized using qualitative techniques including histological and immunofluorescent staining and quantitative techniques assessing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen content. The DOT protocol consisting of 2% SDS for 4 hours was successful at decellularizing human FDS, as shown by DNA content assay and nuclei immunofluorescence staining. The DOT protocol maintained the microstructure of the scaffolds as shown by Masson's trichrome staining and collagen and GAG content. DET and NDNET protocols maintained the ECM, but were unsuccessful in removing all DNA content after two cycles of decellularization. Decellularization of skeletal muscle is a viable option for muscle reconstruction using a detergent only technique for upper limb defects. Further testing in vivo will assess the effectiveness of decellularized scaffolds for upper limb muscle skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Naik
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Szarko
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Butler
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Decellularization of the Porcine Ear Generates a Biocompatible, Nonimmunogenic Extracellular Matrix Platform for Face Subunit Bioengineering. Ann Surg 2019; 267:1191-1201. [PMID: 28252516 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether perfusion-decellularization technology could be applied to facial grafts. BACKGROUND Facial allotransplantation remains an experimental procedure. Regenerative medicine techniques allow fabrication of transplantable organs from an individual's own cells, which are seeded into extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from animal or human organs. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECM scaffolds also can be created from facial subunits. We explored the use of the porcine ear as a clinically relevant face subunit model to develop regenerative medicine-related platforms for facial bioengineering. METHODS Porcine ear grafts were decellularized and histologic, immunologic, and cell culture studies done to determine whether scaffolds retained their 3D framework and molecular content; were biocompatible in vitro and in vivo, and triggered an anti-MHC immune response from the host. RESULTS The cellular compartment of the porcine ear was completely removed except for a few cartilaginous cells, leaving behind an acellular ECM scaffold; this scaffold retained its complex 3D architecture and biochemical components. The framework of the vascular tree was intact at all hierarchical levels and sustained a physiologically relevant blood pressure when implanted in vivo. Scaffolds were biocompatible in vitro and in vivo, and elicited no MHC immune response from the host. Cells from different types remained viable and could even differentiate at the scale of a whole-ear scaffold. CONCLUSIONS Acellular scaffolds were produced from the porcine ear, and may be a valuable platform to treat facial deformities using regenerative medicine approaches.
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Bianco JER, Rosa RG, Congrains-Castillo A, Joazeiro PP, Waldman SD, Weber JF, Saad STO. Characterization of a novel decellularized bone marrow scaffold as an inductive environment for hematopoietic stem cells. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1516-1528. [PMID: 30681075 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for a bone marrow study model, we developed a natural scaffold from decellularized bovine bone marrow (DeBM). The obtained bioscaffold was analyzed after the decellularization process; histological staining, scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of its native 3D-architecture; including blood vessels and cell niches as well as the integrity of important components of the extracellular matrix; Collagen III, IV and fibronectin. In addition to biochemical composition, physical properties of the bone marrow were also conserved. We evaluated the suitability of this bio-scaffold as a tridimensional culture platform. Seeding experiments with umbilical cord-derived hematopoietic stem cells and human bone marrow stromal cell line HS5 demonstrated that this scaffold is capable of supporting hematopoietic and stromal cell adhesion and proliferation without the need of exogenous factors. DeBM provided an inductive environment for the repopulation of the bone marrow inducing the expression of SDF-1, HGF and SCF by seeded stromal cells. The presence of these potent hematopoietic chemoattractants would be crucial for ex vivo long-term culture of HSCs, and for recreating the natural microenvironment of the bone marrow for bioengineering applications. We conclude that the decellularization process succeeded in preserving the 3D structure and mechanical properties of the bone marrow. The resulting scaffold is suitable for cell culture, representing an advantageous bone marrow experimental model, and potentially an effective platform for CD34+ HSC expansion and differentiation for clinical applications.
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Dunn A, Talovic M, Patel K, Patel A, Marcinczyk M, Garg K. Biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1246-1262. [PMID: 30604468 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Modo M, Badylak SF. A roadmap for promoting endogenous in situ tissue restoration using inductive bioscaffolds after acute brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:136-149. [PMID: 31128250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of brain tissue remains one of the greatest unsolved challenges in medicine and by many is considered unfeasible. Indeed, the adult mammalian brain does not regenerate tissue, but there is ongoing endogenous neurogenesis, which is upregulated after injury and contributes to tissue repair. This endogenous repair response is a conditio sine que non for tissue regeneration. However, scarring around the lesion core and cavitation provide unfavorable conditions for tissue regeneration in the brain. Based on the success of using extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioscaffolds in peripheral soft tissue regeneration, it is plausible that the provision of an inductive ECM-based hydrogel inside the volumetric tissue loss can attract neural cells and create a de novo viable tissue. Following perturbation theory of these successes in peripheral tissues, we here propose 9 perturbation parts (i.e. requirements) that can be solved independently to create an integrated series to build a functional and integrated de novo neural tissue. Necessities for tissue formation, anatomical and functional connectivity are further discussed to provide a new substrate to support the improvement of behavioral impairments after acute brain injury. We also consider potential parallel developments of this tissue engineering effort that can support therapeutic benefits in the absence of de novo tissue formation (e.g. structural support to veterate brain tissue). It is envisaged that eventually top-down inductive "natural" bioscaffolds composed of decellularized tissues (i.e. ECM) will be replaced by bottom-up synthetic designer hydrogels that will provide very defined structural and signaling properties, potentially even opening up opportunities we currently do not envisage using natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chen P, Zheng L, Wang Y, Tao M, Xie Z, Xia C, Gu C, Chen J, Qiu P, Mei S, Ning L, Shi Y, Fang C, Fan S, Lin X. Desktop-stereolithography 3D printing of a radially oriented extracellular matrix/mesenchymal stem cell exosome bioink for osteochondral defect regeneration. Theranostics 2019; 9:2439-2459. [PMID: 31131046 PMCID: PMC6525998 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are important in intercellular mitochondria communication. However, the use of MSC exosomes for regulating mitochondrial function in OA has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of MSC exosomes in a three dimensional (3D) printed scaffold for early OA therapeutics. Methods: We first examined the mitochondria-related proteins in normal and OA human cartilage samples and investigated whether MSC exosomes could enhance mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro. We subsequently designed a bio-scaffold for MSC exosomes delivery and fabricated a 3D printed cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/exosome scaffold with radially oriented channels using desktop-stereolithography technology. Finally, the osteochondral defect repair capacity of the 3D printed scaffold was assessed using a rabbit model. Results: The ECM/GelMA/exosome scaffold effectively restored chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced chondrocyte migration, and polarized the synovial macrophage response toward an M2 phenotype. The 3D printed scaffold significantly facilitated the cartilage regeneration in the animal model. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the 3D printed, radially oriented ECM/GelMA/exosome scaffold could be a promising strategy for early OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Sheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Yiling Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
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57
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Trevisan C, Fallas MEA, Maghin E, Franzin C, Pavan P, Caccin P, Chiavegato A, Carraro E, Boso D, Boldrin F, Caicci F, Bertin E, Urbani L, Milan A, Biz C, Lazzari L, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M, Piccoli M. Generation of a Functioning and Self-Renewing Diaphragmatic Muscle Construct. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:858-869. [PMID: 30972959 PMCID: PMC6646700 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair of large muscular defects requires the use of autologous graft transfer or prosthetic material. Naturally derived matrices are biocompatible materials obtained by tissue decellularization and are commonly used in clinical practice. Despite promising applications described in the literature, the use of acellular matrices to repair large defects has been only partially successful, highlighting the need for more efficient constructs. Scaffold recellularization by means of tissue engineering may improve not only the structure of the matrix, but also its ability to functionally interact with the host. The development of such a complex construct is challenging, due to the complexity of the native organ architecture and the difficulties in recreating the cellular niche with both proliferative and differentiating potential during growth or after damage. In this study, we tested a mouse decellularized diaphragmatic extracellular matrix (ECM) previously described by our group, for the generation of a cellular skeletal muscle construct with functional features. The decellularized matrix was stored using different conditions to mimic the off‐the‐shelf clinical need. Pediatric human muscle precursors were seeded into the decellularized scaffold, demonstrating proliferation and differentiation capability, giving rise to a functioning three‐dimensional skeletal muscle structure. Furthermore, we exposed the engineered construct to cardiotoxin injury and demonstrated its ability to activate a regenerative response in vitro promoting cell self‐renewal and a positive ECM remodeling. Functional reconstruction of an engineered skeletal muscle with maintenance of a stem cell pool makes this a promising tool toward future clinical applications in diaphragmatic regeneration. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:858&869
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Enrique Alvrez Fallas
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Franzin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Pavan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Caccin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Chiavegato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute for Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenia Carraro
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Boso
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrica Bertin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Milan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Kuraitis D, Hosoyama K, Blackburn NJR, Deng C, Zhong Z, Suuronen EJ. Functionalization of soft materials for cardiac repair and regeneration. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:451-468. [PMID: 30929528 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1572587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death in developed nations. As the disease progresses, myocardial infarction can occur leaving areas of dead tissue in the heart. To compensate, the body initiates its own repair/regenerative response in an attempt to restore function to the heart. These efforts serve as inspiration to researchers who attempt to capitalize on the natural regenerative processes to further augment repair. Thus far, researchers are exploiting these repair mechanisms in the functionalization of soft materials using a variety of growth factor-, ligand- and peptide-incorporating approaches. The goal of functionalizing soft materials is to best promote and direct the regenerative responses that are needed to restore the heart. This review summarizes the opportunities for the use of functionalized soft materials for cardiac repair and regeneration, and some of the different strategies being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Kuraitis
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Katsuhiro Hosoyama
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Nick J R Blackburn
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Chao Deng
- b Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- b Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , Canada
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Fu W, Xu P, Feng B, Lu Y, Bai J, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yin M. A hydrogel derived from acellular blood vessel extracellular matrix to promote angiogenesis. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1301-1313. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219831055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and bioactivity of injectable acellular extracellular matrix nominates its use as an optimal candidate for cell delivery, serving as a reconstructive scaffold. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of preparing a blood vessel matrix (BVM) hydrogel, which revealed its pro-angiogenic effects in vitro and its therapeutic effects in an in vivo skin flap model. Aortic and abdominal aortic arteries from pigs were acellularized by Triton-X 100 and confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Different concentrations of blood vessel matrix hydrogel were generated successfully through enzymatic digestion, neutralization, and gelation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, collagen type I immunohistochemistry staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that type I collagen and some growth factors were retained in the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the different diametric fibrils in blood vessel matrix hydrogels. A blood vessel matrix hydrogel-coated plate promoted the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. After injection into skin flaps, the hydrogel improved the flap survival rate and increased blood perfusion and capillary density. These results indicated that we successfully prepared a blood vessel matrix hydrogel and demonstrated its general characteristics and angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China*These authors contributed equally to this work
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60
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Rethinking Regenerative Medicine From a Transplant Perspective (and Vice Versa). Transplantation 2019; 103:237-249. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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61
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Tissue-derived microparticles reduce inflammation and fibrosis in cornea wounds. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:192-202. [PMID: 30579044 PMCID: PMC9924072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues serve as scaffolds for rebuilding tissues and for improved wound healing. Cornea trauma represents a wound healing challenge as the default repair pathway can result in fibrosis and scar formation that limit vision. Effective treatments are needed to reduce inflammation, promote tissue repair, and retain the tissue's native transparency and vision capacity. Tissue microparticles derived from cornea, cartilage and lymph nodes were processed and screened in vitro for their ability to reduce inflammation in ocular surface cells isolated from the cornea stroma, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland. Addition of ECM particles to the media reduced expression of inflammatory genes and restored certain tear film protein production in vitro. Particles derived from lymph nodes were then applied to a rabbit lamellar keratectomy corneal injury model. Application of the tissue particles in a fibrin glue carrier decreased expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes and scar formation as measured through imaging, histology and immunohistochemistry. In sum, immunomodulatory tissue microparticles may provide a new therapeutic tool for reducing inflammation in the cornea and ocular surface and promoting tissue repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Damaged cornea will result in scar tissue formation that impedes vision, and new therapies are needed to enhance wound healing in the cornea and to prevent fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of biological scaffolds derived extracellular matrix (ECM) during corneal wound healing. These ECM particles reduced inflammatory gene expression and restored tear film production in vitro, and reduced scar formation and fibrosis genes in the wounded cornea, when applied to in vivo lamellar keratectomy injury model. The immunomodulatory tissue microparticles may provide a new therapeutic tool for reducing inflammation in the cornea and ocular surface and promoting proper tissue repair.
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62
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Biomaterials: Foreign Bodies or Tuners for the Immune Response? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030636. [PMID: 30717232 PMCID: PMC6386828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to recover the functionality of damaged organs and tissues. In this scenario, the cellular and molecular events that decide on implant success and tissue regeneration are played at the interface between the foreign body and the host inflammation, determined by innate and adaptive immune responses. To avoid adverse events, rather than the use of inert scaffolds, current state of the art points to the use of immunomodulatory biomaterials and their knowledge-based use to reduce neutrophil activation, and optimize M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, Th1 to Th2 lymphocyte switch, and Treg induction. Despite the fact that the field is still evolving and much remains to be accomplished, recent research breakthroughs have provided a broader insight on the correct choice of biomaterial physicochemical modifications to tune the reaction of the host immune system to implanted biomaterial and to favor integration and healing.
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Zambaiti E, Scottoni F, Rizzi E, Russo S, Deguchi K, Eaton S, Pellegata AF, De Coppi P. Whole rat stomach decellularisation using a detergent-enzymatic protocol. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:21-27. [PMID: 30443739 PMCID: PMC6326006 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditions leading to reduced gastric volume are difficult to manage and are associated to poor quality-of-life. Stomach augmentation using a tissue-engineered stomach is a potential solution to restore adequate physiology and food reservoir. Aim of this study was to evaluate the decellularisation of whole rat stomach using a detergent-enzymatic protocol. METHODS Stomachs harvested from rats were decellularised through luminal and vascular cannulation using 24-h detergent-enzymatic treatment and completely characterized by appropriate staining, DNA and Extracellular matrix -component quantifications. RESULTS The detergent-enzymatic protocol allows a complete decellularisation of the gastric tissue, with a complete removal of the DNA with two cycles as confirmed by both quantifications and histological analysis. Extracellular matrix components, collagen, fibronectin, laminin and elastin, were optimally preserved by the treatment, while glycosaminoglycans were reduced. CONCLUSION Gastric tissue can be efficiently decellularised. Scaffolds retained original structure and important components that could enhance integration with other tissues for in vivo transplant. The use of naturally derived material could be potentially considered for the treatment of both congenital and acquired conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zambaiti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Federico Scottoni
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Simone Russo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Alessandro F. Pellegata
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, Surgery Offices, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK ,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kargar-Abarghouei E, Vojdani Z, Hassanpour A, Alaee S, Talaei-Khozani T. Characterization, recellularization, and transplantation of rat decellularized testis scaffold with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:324. [PMID: 30463594 PMCID: PMC6249892 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine potentially offers the opportunity for curing male infertility. Native extracellular matrix (ECM) creates a reconstruction platform to replace the organs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the testis decellularized scaffold as a proper niche for stem cell differentiation toward testis-specific cell lineages. METHODS Rats' testes were decellularized by freeze-thaw cycle followed by immersion in deionized distilled water for 2 h, perfused with 1% Triton X-100 through ductus deferens for 4 h, 1% SDS for 48 h and 1% DNase for 2 h. The decellularized samples were prepared for further in vitro and in vivo analyses. RESULT Histochemical and immunohistochemistry studies revealed that ECM components such as Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), neutral carbohydrate, elastic fibers, collagen I & IV, laminin, and fibronectin were well preserved, and the cells were completely removed after decellularization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that 3D ultrastructure of the testis remained intact. In vivo and in vitro studies point out that decellularized scaffold was non-toxic and performed a good platform for cell division. In vivo implant of the scaffolds with or without mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed that appropriate positions for transplantation were the mesentery and liver and the scaffolds could induce donor-loaded MSCs or host migrating cells to differentiate to the cells with phenotype of the sertoli- and leydig-like cells. The scaffolds also provide a good niche for migrating DAZL-positive cells; however, they could not differentiate into post meiotic-cell lineages. CONCLUSION The decellularized testis can be considered as a promising vehicle to support cell transplantation and may provide an appropriate niche for testicular cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kargar-Abarghouei
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., Shiraz, Fars, 7134845794, Iran.,Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Vojdani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., Shiraz, Fars, 7134845794, Iran.,Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Hassanpour
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., Shiraz, Fars, 7134845794, Iran.,Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Alaee
- Reproductive Biology Department, School of Advance Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., Shiraz, Fars, 7134845794, Iran. .,Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wang CC, Ke L, Cao LJ, Yao Y, Geng MT, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Huang W, Liu XH, Cao P, Guo JC, Min Y. Overexpression of MinE gene affects the plastid division in cassava. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:95-105. [PMID: 30257607 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1518703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The MinE protein plays an important role in plastid division. In this study, the MinE gene was isolated from the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genome. We isolated high quality and quantity protoplasts and succeed in performing the transient expression of the GFP-fused Manihot esculenta MinE (MeMinE) protein in cassava mesophyll protoplasts. The transient expression of MeMinE-GFP in cassava protoplasts showed that the MeMinE protein was located in the chloroplast. Due to the abnormal division of chloroplasts, overexpression of MeMinE proteins in cassava mesophyll protoplasts could result in fewer and smaller chloroplasts. Overexpression of MeMinE proteins also showed abnormal cell division characteristics and minicell occurrence in Escherichia coli caused by aberrant septation events in the cell poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Ke
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liang-Jing Cao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Meng-Ting Geng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wu Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao-Han Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian-Chun Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Min
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Decellularized Tissue for Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082392. [PMID: 30110909 PMCID: PMC6121250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several acquired or congenital pathological conditions can affect skeletal muscle leading to volumetric muscle loss (VML), i.e., an irreversible loss of muscle mass and function. Decellularized tissues are natural scaffolds derived from tissues or organs, in which the cellular and nuclear contents are eliminated, but the tridimensional (3D) structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are preserved. Such scaffolds retain biological activity, are biocompatible and do not show immune rejection upon allogeneic or xenogeneic transplantation. An increase number of reports suggest that decellularized tissues/organs are promising candidates for clinical application in patients affected by VML. Here we explore the different strategies used to generate decellularized matrix and their therapeutic outcome when applied to treat VML conditions, both in patients and in animal models. The wide variety of VML models, source of tissue and methods of decellularization have led to discrepant results. Our review study evaluates the biological and clinical significance of reported studies, with the final aim to clarify the main aspects that should be taken into consideration for the future application of decellularized tissues in the treatment of VML conditions.
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McClure MJ, Cohen DJ, Ramey AN, Bivens CB, Mallu S, Isaacs JE, Imming E, Huang YC, Sunwoo M, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Decellularized Muscle Supports New Muscle Fibers and Improves Function Following Volumetric Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1228-1241. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Allison N. Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Caroline B. Bivens
- Department of School of Art, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Satya Mallu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jonathan E. Isaacs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily Imming
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Yen-Chen Huang
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - MoonHae Sunwoo
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Regenerative Medicine 3.TX: What Can We Learn About Organ Regeneration From Organ Replacement? Transplantation 2018; 103:227-228. [PMID: 30028415 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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69
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Shayan M, Padmanabhan J, Morris AH, Cheung B, Smith R, Schroers J, Kyriakides TR. Nanopatterned bulk metallic glass-based biomaterials modulate macrophage polarization. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:427-438. [PMID: 29859902 PMCID: PMC6119487 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polarization of macrophages by chemical, topographical and mechanical cues presents a robust strategy for designing immunomodulatory biomaterials. Here, we studied the ability of nanopatterned bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), a new class of metallic biomaterials, to modulate murine macrophage polarization. Cytokine/chemokine analysis of IL-4 or IFNγ/LPS-stimulated macrophages showed that the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-12, CCL-2 and CXCL1 was significantly reduced after 24-hour culture on BMGs with 55 nm nanorod arrays (BMG-55). Additionally, under these conditions, macrophages increased phagocytic potential and exhibited decreased cell area with multiple actin protrusions. These in vitro findings suggest that nanopatterning can modulate biochemical cues such as IFNγ/LPS. In vivo evaluation of the subcutaneous host response at 2 weeks demonstrated that the ratio of Arg-1 to iNOS increased in macrophages adjacent to BMG-55 implants, suggesting modulation of polarization. In addition, macrophage fusion and fibrous capsule thickness decreased and the number and size of blood vessels increased, which is consistent with changes in macrophage responses. Our study demonstrates that nanopatterning of BMG implants is a promising technique to selectively polarize macrophages to modulate the immune response, and also presents an effective tool to study mechanisms of macrophage polarization and function. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Implanted biomaterials elicit a complex series of tissue and cellular responses, termed the foreign body response (FBR), that can be influenced by the polarization state of macrophages. Surface topography can influence polarization, which is broadly characterized as either inflammatory or repair-like. The latter has been linked to improved outcomes of the FBR. However, the impact of topography on macrophage polarization is not fully understood, in part, due to a lack of high moduli biomaterials that can be reproducibly processed at the nanoscale. Here, we studied macrophage interactions with nanopatterned bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), a class of metallic alloys with amorphous microstructure and formability like polymers. We show that nanopatterned BMGs modulate macrophage polarization and transiently induce less fibrotic and more angiogenic responses. Overall, we demonstrate nanopatterning of BMG implants as a technique to polarize macrophages and modulate the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Shayan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bettina Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071116. [PMID: 29966303 PMCID: PMC6073924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells’ seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. They can also be employed to perform advanced in vitro studies to model the cell differentiation or regeneration processes. In this review, we report and analyze the different solutions proposed in literature, for the reconstruction of tendon, muscle, and the myotendinous junction. They classically rely on the three pillars of tissue engineering, i.e., cells, biomaterials and environment (both chemical and physical stimuli). We have chosen to present biomimetic or bioinspired strategies based on understanding of the native tissue structure/functions/properties of the tissue of interest. For each tissue, we sorted the relevant publications according to an increasing degree of complexity in the materials’ shape or manufacture. We present their biological and mechanical performances, observed in vitro and in vivo when available. Although there is no consensus for a gold standard technique to reconstruct these musculo-skeletal tissues, the reader can find different ways to progress in the field and to understand the recent history in the choice of materials, from collagen to polymer-based matrices.
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Farrokhi A, Pakyari M, Nabai L, Pourghadiri A, Hartwell R, Jalili R, Ghahary A. Evaluation of Detergent-Free and Detergent-Based Methods for Decellularization of Murine Skin. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:955-967. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Decellularised skeletal muscles allow functional muscle regeneration by promoting host cell migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8398. [PMID: 29849047 PMCID: PMC5976677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions affecting skeletal muscle function may lead to irreversible volumetric muscle loss (VML). Therapeutic approaches involving acellular matrices represent an emerging and promising strategy to promote regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury. Here we investigated the ability of three different decellularised skeletal muscle scaffolds to support muscle regeneration in a xenogeneic immune-competent model of VML, in which the EDL muscle was surgically resected. All implanted acellular matrices, used to replace the resected muscles, were able to generate functional artificial muscles by promoting host myogenic cell migration and differentiation, as well as nervous fibres, vascular networks, and satellite cell (SC) homing. However, acellular tissue mainly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) allowed better myofibre three-dimensional (3D) organization and the restoration of SC pool, when compared to scaffolds which also preserved muscular cytoskeletal structures. Finally, we showed that fibroblasts are indispensable to promote efficient migration and myogenesis by muscle stem cells across the scaffolds in vitro. This data strongly support the use of xenogeneic acellular muscles as device to treat VML conditions in absence of donor cell implementation, as well as in vitro model for studying cell interplay during myogenesis.
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73
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Pellegata AF, Tedeschi AM, De Coppi P. Whole Organ Tissue Vascularization: Engineering the Tree to Develop the Fruits. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:56. [PMID: 29868573 PMCID: PMC5960678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to regenerate and recapitulate a tissue or organ that has lost its function. So far successful clinical translation has been limited to hollow organs in which rudimental vascularization can be achieved by inserting the graft into flaps of the omentum or muscle fascia. This technique used to stimulate vascularization of the graft takes advantage of angiogenesis from existing vascular networks. Vascularization of the engineered graft is a fundamental requirement in the process of engineering more complex organs, as it is crucial for the efficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen following in-vivo implantation. To achieve vascularization of the organ many different techniques have been investigated and exploited. The most promising results have been obtained by seeding endothelial cells directly into decellularized scaffolds, taking advantage of the channels remaining from the pre-existing vascular network. Currently, the main hurdle we need to overcome is achieving a fully functional vascular endothelium, stable over a long time period of time, which is engineered using a cell source that is clinically suitable and can generate, in vitro, a yield of cells suitable for the engineering of human sized organs. This review will give an overview of the approaches that have recently been investigated to address the issue of vascularization in the field of tissue engineering of whole organs, and will highlight the current caveats and hurdles that should be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Pellegata
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso M Tedeschi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,SNAPS, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Decellularized Diaphragmatic Muscle Drives a Constructive Angiogenic Response In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051319. [PMID: 29710813 PMCID: PMC5983670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (TE) aims to efficiently repair large congenital and acquired defects. Biological acellular scaffolds are considered a good tool for TE, as decellularization allows structural preservation of tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) and conservation of its unique cytokine reservoir and the ability to support angiogenesis, cell viability, and proliferation. This represents a major advantage compared to synthetic scaffolds, which can acquire these features only after modification and show limited biocompatibility. In this work, we describe the ability of a skeletal muscle acellular scaffold to promote vascularization both ex vivo and in vivo. Specifically, chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and protein array confirmed the presence of pro-angiogenic molecules in the decellularized tissue such as HGF, VEGF, and SDF-1α. The acellular muscle was implanted in BL6/J mice both subcutaneously and ortotopically. In the first condition, the ECM-derived scaffold appeared vascularized 7 days post-implantation. When the decellularized diaphragm was ortotopically applied, newly formed blood vessels containing CD31+, αSMA+, and vWF+ cells were visible inside the scaffold. Systemic injection of Evans Blue proved function and perfusion of the new vessels, underlying a tissue-regenerative activation. On the contrary, the implantation of a synthetic matrix made of polytetrafluoroethylene used as control was only surrounded by vWF+ cells, with no cell migration inside the scaffold and clear foreign body reaction (giant cells were visible). The molecular profile and the analysis of macrophages confirmed the tendency of the synthetic scaffold to enhance inflammation instead of regeneration. In conclusion, we identified the angiogenic potential of a skeletal muscle-derived acellular scaffold and the pro-regenerative environment activated in vivo, showing clear evidence that the decellularized diaphragm is a suitable candidate for skeletal muscle tissue engineering and regeneration.
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van Steenberghe M, Schubert T, Bouzin C, Caravaggio C, Guiot Y, Xhema D, Gianello P. Enhanced Vascular Biocompatibility and Remodeling of Decellularized and Secured Xenogeneic/Allogeneic Matrices in a Porcine Model. Eur Surg Res 2018; 59:58-71. [PMID: 29621750 DOI: 10.1159/000487591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Calcifications and absence of growth potential are the major drawbacks of glutaraldehyde-treated prosthesis. Decellularized and secured xeno-/allogeneic matrices were assessed in a preclinical porcine model for biocompatibility and vascular remodeling in comparison to glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium (GBP; control). METHODS Native human (fascia lata, pericardium) and porcine tissues (peritoneum) were used and treated. In vitro, biopsies were performed before and after treatment to assess decellularization (hematoxylin and eosin/DAPI). In vivo, each decellularized and control tissue sample was implanted subcutaneously in 4 mini-pigs. In addition, 9 mini-pigs received a patch or a tubularized prosthesis interposition on the carotid artery or abdominal aorta of decellularized (D) human fascia lata (DHFL; n = 4), human pericardium (DHP; n = 9), porcine peritoneum (DPPt; n = 7), and control tissue (GBP: n = 3). Arteries were harvested after 1 month and subcutaneous samples after 15-30 days. Tissues were processed for hematoxylin and eosin/von Kossa staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31, alpha-smooth muscle actin, CD3, and CD68. Histomorphometry was achieved by point counting. RESULTS A 95% decellularization was confirmed for DHP and DPPt, and to a lower degree for DHFL. In the subcutaneous protocol, CD3 infiltration was significantly higher at day 30 in GBP and DHFL, and CD68 infiltration was significantly higher for GBP (p < 0.05). In intravascular study, no deaths, aneurysms, or pseudoaneurysms were observed. Inflammatory reaction was significantly higher for DHFL and GBP (p < 0.05), while it was lower and comparable for DHP/DPPt. DHP and DPPt showed deeper recellularization, and a new arterial wall was characterized. CONCLUSIONS In a preclinical model, DPPt and DHP offered better results than conventional commercialized GBP for biocompatibility and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu van Steenberghe
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Banque de Tissus, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire de L'Appareil Locomoteur, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Caravaggio
- Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Site Notre-Dame, Centre Hospitalier de Wallonie Picarde (CHwapi), Tournai, Belgium
| | - Yves Guiot
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daela Xhema
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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76
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Keane TJ, Horejs CM, Stevens MM. Scarring vs. functional healing: Matrix-based strategies to regulate tissue repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:407-419. [PMID: 29425770 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All vertebrates possess mechanisms to restore damaged tissues with outcomes ranging from regeneration to scarring. Unfortunately, the mammalian response to tissue injury most often culminates in scar formation. Accounting for nearly 45% of deaths in the developed world, fibrosis is a process that stands diametrically opposed to functional tissue regeneration. Strategies to improve wound healing outcomes therefore require methods to limit fibrosis. Wound healing is guided by precise spatiotemporal deposition and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM, comprising the non-cellular component of tissues, is a signalling depot that is differentially regulated in scarring and regenerative healing. This Review focuses on the importance of the native matrix components during mammalian wound healing alongside a comparison to scar-free healing and then presents an overview of matrix-based strategies that attempt to exploit the role of the ECM to improve wound healing outcomes.
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77
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Zhao C, Wang S, Wang G, Su M, Song L, Chen J, Fan S, Lin X. Preparation of decellularized biphasic hierarchical myotendinous junction extracellular matrix for muscle regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:15-28. [PMID: 29294376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle injury and defect affect people's quality of life, and effective treatment is lacking. Herein, we generated a scaffold to obtain decellularized porcine Achilles tendon myotendinous junction (D-MTJ) extracellular matrix (ECM) with well-preserved native biphasic hierarchical structure, biological composition, and excellent mechanical properties for muscle regeneration. The combined use of potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Triton-X 100, and sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can completely remove the main immunogenicity, while maintaining the major biological components and microstructure. The specific biomechanics of D-MTJ is comparable to the native muscle-tendon physiological conditions. Additionally, the D-MTJ ECM scaffold induced minimal immunological reaction (histology analysis) through rat subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, in vitro, muscle satellite cells adhered, proliferated, and infiltrated into the D-MTJ scaffold, and myofiber-like cell differentiation was observed as shown by increased expression of myogenesis-related genes during culture. In vivo, newly formed myofibers were observed in a muscle defect model with D-MTJ orthotopic transplantation, while the control group presented mostly with fibrous tissue deposition. Additionally, the number of Myod and MyHC-positive cells in the ECM scaffold group was higher at day 30. We preliminary explored the mechanisms underlying D-MTJ-mediated muscle regeneration, which may be attributed to its specific biphasic hierarchical structure, bio-components, and attractiveness for myogenesis cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest the D-MTJ ECM scaffold prepared in this study is a promising choice for muscle regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to use decellularization technology obtaining the specifically decellularized myotendinous junction (D-MTJ) with well-preserved biphasic hierarchical structure and constituents, excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. The D-MTJ was further proved to be efficient for muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms may be attributed to its specifically structure and constituents, improved myogenesis and good preservation of repair-related factors. Our study may provide basis for the decellularization of other biphasic hierarchical tissues and a platform for further studies on muscle fiber and tendon integrations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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78
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Lin X, Chen J, Qiu P, Zhang Q, Wang S, Su M, Chen Y, Jin K, Qin A, Fan S, Chen P, Zhao X. Biphasic hierarchical extracellular matrix scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:433-444. [PMID: 29233641 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of decellularized osteochondral extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration. DESIGN We compared the histological features and microstructure of degenerated cartilage to normal articular cartilage. We also generated and evaluated osteochondral ECM scaffolds through decellularization technology. Then scaffolds were implanted to osteochondral defect in rabbit model. After 12 weeks surgery, regeneration tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry evaluation. And possible mechanisms of angiogenesis and cell migration were explored. RESULTS We demonstrated decreased cell numbers, formation of fibrous cartilage, lost microstructure and worse permeability in degenerated cartilage compared to normal cartilage. We also generated an osteochondral ECM scaffold with a hierarchical structure that exhibited low immunogenicity, high bioactivity, and well biocompatibility. We found that the ECM scaffold promoted tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects, which was dependent on the scaffold constituents and stratified three-dimensional microstructure as well as on its ability to inhibit angiogenesis and stimulate cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the biphasic hierarchical ECM scaffold represents a novel and effective biomaterial that can be used in the treatment of osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - K Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - A Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - P Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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79
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Piccoli M, D'Angelo E, Crotti S, Sensi F, Urbani L, Maghin E, Burns A, De Coppi P, Fassan M, Rugge M, Rizzolio F, Giordano A, Pilati P, Mammano E, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M. Decellularized colorectal cancer matrix as bioactive microenvironment for in vitro 3D cancer research. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5937-5948. [PMID: 29244195 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cancer models are overlooking the scientific landscape with the primary goal of bridging the gaps between two-dimensional (2D) cell lines, animal models and clinical research. Here, we describe an innovative tissue engineering approach applied to colorectal cancer (CRC) starting from decellularized human biopsies in order to generate an organotypic 3D-bioactive model. This in vitro 3D system recapitulates the ultrastructural environment of native tissue as demonstrated by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Mass spectrometry of proteome and secretome confirmed a different stromal composition between decellularized healthy mucosa and CRC in terms of structural and secreted proteins. Importantly, we proved that our 3D acellular matrices retained their biological properties: using CAM assay, we observed a decreased angiogenic potential in decellularized CRC compared with healthy tissue, caused by direct effect of DEFA3. We demonstrated that following a 5 days of recellularization with HT-29 cell line, the 3D tumor matrices induced an over-expression of IL-8, a DEFA3-mediated pathway and a mandatory chemokine in cancer growth and proliferation. Given the biological activity maintained by the scaffolds after decellularization, we believe this approach is a powerful tool for future pre-clinical research and screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Piccoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Alan Burns
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Tumor Registry, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Translational Research, Pathology Unit, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems at Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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80
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Gattazzo F, De Maria C, Rimessi A, Donà S, Braghetta P, Pinton P, Vozzi G, Bonaldo P. Gelatin-genipin-based biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2763-2777. [PMID: 29412500 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle engineering aims at tissue reconstruction to replace muscle loss following traumatic injury or in congenital muscle defects. Skeletal muscle can be engineered by using biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds that favor myogenic cell adhesion and subsequent tissue organization. In this study, we characterized scaffolds made of gelatin cross-linked with genipin, a natural derived cross-linking agent with low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. We generated gelatin-genipin hydrogels with a stiffness of 13 kPa to reproduce the mechanical properties characteristic of skeletal muscle and we show that their surface can be topographically patterned through soft lithography to drive myogenic cells differentiation and unidirectional orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these biomaterials can be successfully implanted in vivo under dorsal mouse skin, showing good biocompatibility and slow biodegradation rate. Moreover, the grafting of this biomaterial in partially ablated tibialis anterior muscle does not impair muscle regeneration, supporting future applications of gelatin-genipin biomaterials in the field of skeletal muscle tissue repair. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2763-2777, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gattazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.,Research Center "E. Piaggio," University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center "E. Piaggio," University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Silvia Donà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center "E. Piaggio," University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
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81
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Decellularized Swine Dental Pulp as a Bioscaffold for Pulp Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9342714. [PMID: 29387727 PMCID: PMC5745671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9342714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic regeneration shows promise in treating dental pulp diseases; however, no suitable scaffolds exist for pulp regeneration. Acellular natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a favorable scaffold for tissue regeneration since the anatomical structure and ECM of the natural tissues or organs are well-preserved. Xenogeneic ECM is superior to autologous or allogeneic ECM in tissue engineering for its unlimited resources. This study investigated the characteristics of decellularized dental pulp ECM from swine and evaluated whether it could mediate pulp regeneration. Dental pulps were acquired from the mandible anterior teeth of swine 12 months of age and decellularized with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) combined with Triton X-100. Pulp regeneration was conducted by seeding human dental pulp stem cells into decellularized pulp and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 8 weeks. The decellularized pulp demonstrated preserved natural shape and structure without any cellular components. Histological analysis showed excellent ECM preservation and pulp-like tissue, and newly formed mineralized tissues were regenerated after being transplanted in vivo. In conclusion, decellularized swine dental pulp maintains ECM components favoring stem cell proliferation and differentiation, thus representing a suitable scaffold for improving clinical outcomes and functions of teeth with dental pulp diseases.
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82
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ni J, Zhang Z, Wang G, Song L, Fan S, Chen P, Lin X. Preparation and Evaluation of Tibia- and Calvarium-Derived Decellularized Periosteum Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3503-3514. [PMID: 33445386 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a key role in bone regeneration and an artificial bionic material is urgently required. The periostea on the tibia and skull differ with respect to the types of cells, microstructure, and components, leading to different biological functions and biomechanical properties. We aimed to prepare decellularized periosteum scaffolds derived from different origins and evaluate their angiogenic and osteogenic activities. Histological assessment of α-smooth muscle actin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and alkaline phosphatase in tibial and calvarial periosteum tissues provided preliminary information on their differing angiogenic and osteogenic properties. We developed decellularization protocols to completely remove the periosteum cellular components and for good maintenance of the hierarchical multilayer structures and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, using a chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay and a nude mouse implantation model, we found that tibia-derived periosteum ECM had superior osteogenic activity and calvarium-derived ECM had good angiogenic activity. The preliminary mechanisms of differing activities were then evaluated by osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell- and MC-3T3 cell-seeded ECM scaffolds. Thus, this study provides periosteum biomaterials that are derived from specific tissues and have different functional properties and structures, for use in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhu Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
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83
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Robb KP, Shridhar A, Flynn LE. Decellularized Matrices As Cell-Instructive Scaffolds to Guide Tissue-Specific Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:3627-3643. [PMID: 33429606 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized scaffolds are promising clinically translational biomaterials that can be applied to direct cell responses and promote tissue regeneration. Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized tissues can naturally mimic the complex extracellular microenvironment through the retention of compositional, biomechanical, and structural properties specific to the native ECM. Increasingly, studies have investigated the use of ECM-derived scaffolds as instructive substrates to recapitulate properties of the stem cell niche and guide cell proliferation, paracrine factor production, and differentiation in a tissue-specific manner. Here, we review the application of decellularized tissue scaffolds as instructive matrices for stem or progenitor cells, with a focus on the mechanisms through which ECM-derived scaffolds can mediate cell behavior to promote tissue-specific regeneration. We conclude that although additional preclinical studies are required, ECM-derived scaffolds are a promising platform to guide cell behavior and may have widespread clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Robb
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, Claudette MacKay Lassonde Pavilion, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Arthi Shridhar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, Thompson Engineering Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, Thompson Engineering Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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84
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Zhao L, Sundaram S, Le AV, Huang AH, Zhang J, Hatachi G, Beloiartsev A, Caty MG, Yi T, Leiby K, Gard A, Kural MH, Gui L, Rocco KA, Sivarapatna A, Calle E, Greaney A, Urbani L, Maghsoudlou P, Burns A, DeCoppi P, Niklason LE. Engineered Tissue-Stent Biocomposites as Tracheal Replacements. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:1086-97. [PMID: 27520928 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the creation of a novel tracheal construct in the form of an engineered, acellular tissue-stent biocomposite trachea (TSBT). Allogeneic or xenogeneic smooth muscle cells are cultured on polyglycolic acid polymer-metal stent scaffold leading to the formation of a tissue comprising cells, their deposited collagenous matrix, and the stent material. Thorough decellularization then produces a final acellular tubular construct. Engineered TSBTs were tested as end-to-end tracheal replacements in 11 rats and 3 nonhuman primates. Over a period of 8 weeks, no instances of airway perforation, infection, stent migration, or erosion were observed. Histological analyses reveal that the patent implants remodel adaptively with native host cells, including formation of connective tissue in the tracheal wall and formation of a confluent, columnar epithelium in the graft lumen, although some instances of airway stenosis were observed. Overall, TSBTs resisted collapse and compression that often limit the function of other decellularized tracheal replacements, and additionally do not require any cells from the intended recipient. Such engineered TSBTs represent a model for future efforts in tracheal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sumati Sundaram
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew V Le
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela H Huang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Go Hatachi
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arkadi Beloiartsev
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael G Caty
- 4 Section of Pediatric Surgery, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tai Yi
- 5 Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katherine Leiby
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ashley Gard
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Liqiong Gui
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin A Rocco
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Calle
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allison Greaney
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luca Urbani
- 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Maghsoudlou
- 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Burns
- 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom .,7 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo DeCoppi
- 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
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85
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Abstract
Purpose of Review There is no consensus on the best technology to be employed for tracheal replacement. One particularly promising approach is based upon tissue engineering and involves applying autologous cells to transplantable scaffolds. Here, we present the reported pre-clinical and clinical data exploring the various options for achieving such seeding. Recent Findings Various cell combinations, delivery strategies, and outcome measures are described. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely employed cell type in tracheal bioengineering. Airway epithelial cell luminal seeding is also widely employed, alone or in combination with other cell types. Combinations have thus far shown the greatest promise. Chondrocytes may improve mechanical outcomes in pre-clinical models, but have not been clinically tested. Rapid or pre-vascularization of scaffolds is an important consideration. Overall, there are few published objective measures of post-seeding cell viability, survival, or overall efficacy. Summary There is no clear consensus on the optimal cell-scaffold combination and mechanisms for seeding. Systematic in vivo work is required to assess differences between tracheal grafts seeded with combinations of clinically deliverable cell types using objective outcome measures, including those for functionality and host immune response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40778-017-0108-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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86
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Goldman SM, Corona BT. Co-delivery of micronized urinary bladder matrix damps regenerative capacity of minced muscle grafts in the treatment of volumetric muscle loss injuries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186593. [PMID: 29040321 PMCID: PMC5645132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Minced muscle grafts (MG) promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration and neuromuscular strength recovery in small and large animal models of volumetric muscle loss. The most noteworthy limitation of this approach is its reliance on a finite supply of donor tissue. To address this shortcoming, this study sought to evaluate micronized acellular urinary bladder matrix (UBM) as a scaffolding to promote in vivo expansion of this MG therapy in a rat model. Rats received volumetric muscle loss injuries to the tibialis anterior muscle of their left hind limb which were either left untreated or repaired with minced muscle graft at dosages of 50% and 100% of the defect mass, urinary bladder matrix in isolation, or a with an expansion product consisting of a combination of the two putative therapies in which the minced graft is delivered at a dosage of 50% of the defect mass. Rats survived to 2 and 8 weeks post injury before functional (in vivo neuromuscular strength), histological, morphological, and biochemical analyses were performed. Rats treated with the expansion product exhibited improved neuromuscular function relative to untreated VML after an 8 week time period following injury. This improvement in functional capacity, however, was accompanied with a concomitant reduction in graft mediated regeneration, as evidenced cell lineage tracing enable by a transgenic GFP expressing donor, and a mixed histological outcome indicating coincident fibrous matrix deposition with interspersed islands of nascent muscle fibers. Furthermore, quantitative immunofluorescence and transcriptional analysis following the 2 week time point suggests an exacerbated immune response to the UBM as a possible nidus for the observed suboptimal regenerative outcome. Moving forward, efforts related to the development of a MG expansion product should carefully consider the effects of the host immune response to candidate biomaterials in order to avoid undesirable dysregulation of pro-regenerative cross talk between the immune system and myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Goldman
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Corona
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
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87
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Cravedi P, Farouk S, Angeletti A, Edgar L, Tamburrini R, Duisit J, Perin L, Orlando G. Regenerative immunology: the immunological reaction to biomaterials. Transpl Int 2017; 30:1199-1208. [PMID: 28892571 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises to meet two of the most urgent needs of modern organ transplantation, namely immunosuppression-free transplantation and an inexhaustible source of organs. Ideally, bioengineered organs would be manufactured from a patient's own biomaterials-both cells and the supporting scaffolding materials in which cells would be embedded and allowed to mature to eventually regenerate the organ in question. While some groups are focusing on the feasibility of this approach, few are focusing on the immunogenicity of the scaffolds that are being developed for organ bioengineering purposes. This review will succinctly discuss progress in the understanding of immunological characteristics and behavior of different scaffolds currently under development, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained decellularized animal or human organs which seem to provide the ideal template for bioengineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samira Farouk
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, Specialty Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauren Edgar
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jerome Duisit
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Perin
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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88
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Michelino F, Gebrekidan MT, Zambon A, Vetralla M, Braeuer AS, Spilimbergo S. In situ Raman-analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide drying applied to acellular esophageal matrix. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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89
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Patil P, Martin JR, Sarett SM, Pollins AC, Cardwell NL, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Nanney LB, Duvall CL. Porcine Ischemic Wound-Healing Model for Preclinical Testing of Degradable Biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:754-762. [PMID: 28762881 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing that mimics chronic human skin pathologies is difficult to achieve in current animal models, hindering testing and development of new therapeutic biomaterials that promote wound healing. In this article, we describe a refinement and simplification of the porcine ischemic wound model that increases the size and number of experimental sites per animal. By comparing three flap geometries, we adopted a superior configuration (15 × 10 cm) that enabled testing of twenty 1 cm2 wounds in each animal: 8 total ischemic wounds within 4 bipedicle flaps and 12 nonischemic wounds. The ischemic wounds exhibited impaired skin perfusion for ∼1 week. To demonstrate the utility of the model for comparative testing of tissue regenerative biomaterials, we evaluated the healing process in wounds implanted with highly porous poly (thioketal) urethane (PTK-UR) scaffolds that were fabricated through reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable PTK macrodiols with isocyanates. PTK-lysine triisocyanate (LTI) scaffolds degraded significantly in vitro under both oxidative and hydrolytic conditions whereas PTK-hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDIt) scaffolds were resistant to hydrolytic breakdown and degraded exclusively through an ROS-dependent mechanism. Upon placement into porcine wounds, both types of PTK-UR materials fostered new tissue ingrowth over 10 days in both ischemic and nonischemic tissue. However, wound perfusion, tissue infiltration and the abundance of pro-regenerative, M2-polarized macrophages were markedly lower in ischemic wounds independent of scaffold type. The PTK-LTI implants significantly improved tissue infiltration and perfusion compared with analogous PTK-HDIt scaffolds in ischemic wounds. Both LTI and HDIt-based PTK-UR implants enhanced M2 macrophage activity, and these cells were selectively localized at the scaffold/tissue interface. In sum, this modified porcine wound-healing model decreased animal usage, simplified procedures, and permitted a more robust evaluation of tissue engineering materials in preclinical wound healing research. Deployment of the model for a relevant biomaterial comparison yielded results that support the use of the PTK-LTI over the PTK-HDIt scaffold formulation for future advanced therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Patil
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John R Martin
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Samantha M Sarett
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alonda C Pollins
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy L Cardwell
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- 3 Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,5 Department of Medicine and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lillian B Nanney
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig L Duvall
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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90
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Sugimura Y, Schmidt AK, Lichtenberg A, Assmann A, Akhyari P. * A Rat Model for the In Vivo Assessment of Biological and Tissue-Engineered Valvular and Vascular Grafts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:982-994. [PMID: 28805140 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for an improvement of the biocompatibility and durability of vascular and valvular implants requires translational animal models to study the in vivo fate of cardiovascular grafts. In the present article, a review on the development and application of a microsurgical rat model of infrarenal implantation of aortic grafts and aortic valved conduits is provided. By refinement of surgical techniques and inclusion of hemodynamic considerations, a functional model has been created, which provides a modular platform for the in vivo assessment of biological and tissue-engineered grafts. Through optional addition of procalcific diets, disease-inducing agents, and genetic modifications, complex multimorbidity scenarios mimicking the clinical reality in cardiovascular patients can be simulated. Applying this model, crucial aspects of the biocompatibility, biofunctionality and degeneration of vascular and valvular implants in dependency on graft preparation, and modification as well as systemic antidegenerative treatment of the recipient have been and will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiharu Sugimura
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Kathrin Schmidt
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Assmann
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany .,2 Biomaterials Innovation Research Center , Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Payam Akhyari
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
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91
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Zhu Y, Zhang L, Lu Q, Gao Y, Cai Y, Sui A, Su T, Shen X, Xie B. Identification of different macrophage subpopulations with distinct activities in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:281-292. [PMID: 28627621 PMCID: PMC5504985 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the phenotypic shift, quantity and role changes in different subgroups of retinal macrophages in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). The mRNA expression levels of macrophage M1 and M2 subgroup marker genes and polarization-associated genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The number of M1 and M2 macrophages in our mouse model of OIR was analyzed by flow cytometry at different time points during the progression of OIR. Immunofluorescence whole mount staining of the retinas of mice with OIR was performed at different time points to examine the influx of macrophages, as well as the morphological characteristics and roles of M1 and M2 macrophages. An increased number of macrophages was recruited during the progression of angiogenesis in the retinas of mice with OIR due to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment containing high levels of cell adhesion and leukocyte transendothelial migration molecules. RT-qPCR and flow cytometric analysis at different time points revealed a decline in the number of M1 cells from a significantly high level at post-natal day (P)13 to a relatively normal level at P21, as well as an increase in the number of M2 cells from P13 to P21 in the mice with OIR, implicating a shift of macrophage polarization towards the M2 subtype. Immunofluorescence staining suggested that the M1 cells interacted with endothelial tip cells at the vascular front, while M2 cells embraced the emerging vessels and bridged the neighboring vessel sprouts. Thus, our data indicate that macrophages play an active role in OIR by contributing to the different steps of neovascularization. Our findings indicate that tissue macrophages may be considered as a potential target for the anti-angiogenic therapy of ocular neovascularization disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-9277, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yushuo Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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92
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Wang S, Wang Y, Song L, Chen J, Ma Y, Chen Y, Fan S, Su M, Lin X. Decellularized tendon as a prospective scaffold for tendon repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1290-1301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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93
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Mazza G, Al-Akkad W, Telese A, Longato L, Urbani L, Robinson B, Hall A, Kong K, Frenguelli L, Marrone G, Willacy O, Shaeri M, Burns A, Malago M, Gilbertson J, Rendell N, Moore K, Hughes D, Notingher I, Jell G, Del Rio Hernandez A, De Coppi P, Rombouts K, Pinzani M. Rapid production of human liver scaffolds for functional tissue engineering by high shear stress oscillation-decellularization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5534. [PMID: 28717194 PMCID: PMC5514140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of human liver scaffolds retaining their 3-dimensional structure and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) composition is essential for the advancement of liver tissue engineering. We report the design and validation of a new methodology for the rapid and accurate production of human acellular liver tissue cubes (ALTCs) using normal liver tissue unsuitable for transplantation. The application of high shear stress is a key methodological determinant accelerating the process of tissue decellularization while maintaining ECM protein composition, 3D-architecture and physico-chemical properties of the native tissue. ALTCs were engineered with human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell lines (HepG2 and LX2 cells, respectively), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as primary human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Both parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells grown in ALTCs exhibited markedly different gene expression when compared to standard 2D cell cultures. Remarkably, HUVEC cells naturally migrated in the ECM scaffold and spontaneously repopulated the lining of decellularized vessels. The metabolic function and protein synthesis of engineered liver scaffolds with human primary hepatocytes reseeded under dynamic conditions were maintained. These results provide a solid basis for the establishment of effective protocols aimed at recreating human liver tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazza
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK.
| | - Walid Al-Akkad
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Telese
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Longato
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics. Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hall
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenny Kong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Frenguelli
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Giusi Marrone
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Willacy
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Shaeri
- CN Bio Innovations Limited. BioPark Hertfordshire, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alan Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Malago
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Gilbertson
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Rendell
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Moore
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - David Hughes
- CN Bio Innovations Limited. BioPark Hertfordshire, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Center for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science. University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
| | - Krista Rombouts
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
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94
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Urbani L, Maghsoudlou P, Milan A, Menikou M, Hagen CK, Totonelli G, Camilli C, Eaton S, Burns A, Olivo A, De Coppi P. Long-term cryopreservation of decellularised oesophagi for tissue engineering clinical application. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179341. [PMID: 28599006 PMCID: PMC5466304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal tissue engineering is a therapeutic alternative when oesophageal replacement is required. Decellularised scaffolds are ideal as they are derived from tissue-specific extracellular matrix and are non-immunogenic. However, appropriate preservation may significantly affect scaffold behaviour. Here we aim to prove that an effective method for short- and long-term preservation can be applied to tissue engineered products allowing their translation to clinical application. Rabbit oesophagi were decellularised using the detergent-enzymatic treatment (DET), a combination of deionised water, sodium deoxycholate and DNase-I. Samples were stored in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 4°C (4°C) or slow cooled in medium with 10% Me2SO at -1°C/min followed by storage in liquid nitrogen (SCM). Structural and functional analyses were performed prior to and after 2 and 4 weeks and 3 and 6 months of storage under each condition. Efficient decellularisation was achieved after 2 cycles of DET as determined with histology and DNA quantification, with preservation of the ECM. Only the SCM method, commonly used for cell storage, maintained the architecture and biomechanical properties of the scaffold up to 6 months. On the contrary, 4°C method was effective for short-term storage but led to a progressive distortion and degradation of the tissue architecture at the following time points. Efficient storage allows a timely use of decellularised oesophagi, essential for clinical translation. Here we describe that slow cooling with cryoprotectant solution in liquid nitrogen vapour leads to reliable long-term storage of decellularised oesophageal scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Urbani
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LU); (PDC)
| | | | - Anna Milan
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Menikou
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Klara Hagen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Totonelli
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Burns
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LU); (PDC)
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95
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Assmann A, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A. Optimierung der Biofunktionalität und Struktur dezellularisierter kardiovaskulärer Implantate. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-017-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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96
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a major challenge and associated mortality is still significant. Patients have benefited from current therapeutic options, but most severe cases are still associated to poor outcome. Regenerative medicine is emerging as a valid option in many diseases and clinical trials are currently happening for various conditions in children and adults. We report here the advancement in the field which will help both in the understanding of further CDH development and in offering new treatment options for the difficult situations such as repair of large diaphragmatic defects and lung hypoplasia. The authors believe that advancements in regenerative medicine may lead to increase of CDH patients׳ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Coppi
- Institute of Women׳s Health, Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Clinical Specialties Research Groups, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Deprest
- Institute of Women׳s Health, Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Clinical Specialties Research Groups, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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97
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Biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 47:16-22. [PMID: 28575733 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle can naturally regenerate in response to minor injuries, more severe damage and myopathies can cause irreversible loss of muscle mass and function. Cell therapies, while promising, have not yet demonstrated consistent benefit, likely due to poor survival of delivered cells. Biomaterials can improve muscle regeneration by presenting chemical and physical cues to muscle cells that mimic the natural cascade of regeneration. This brief review describes strategies for muscle repair utilizing biomaterials that can provide signals to either transplanted or host muscle cells. These strategies range from approaches that utilize biomaterials alone to those that combine biomaterials with exogenous growth factors, ex vivo cultured cells, and extensive culture time.
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98
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Smith TD, Nagalla RR, Chen EY, Liu WF. Harnessing macrophage plasticity for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:193-205. [PMID: 28449872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile and plastic effector cells of the immune system, and contribute to diverse immune functions including pathogen or apoptotic cell removal, inflammatory activation and resolution, and tissue healing. Macrophages function as signaling regulators and amplifiers, and influencing their activity is a powerful approach for controlling inflammation or inducing a wound-healing response in regenerative medicine. This review discusses biomaterials-based approaches for altering macrophage activity, approaches for targeting drugs to macrophages, and approaches for delivering macrophages themselves as a therapeutic intervention.
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99
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Goh KL, Holmes DF. Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: Lessons from the Common Sea Urchin Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050901. [PMID: 28441344 PMCID: PMC5454814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds for tissue engineering application may be made from a collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues because the ECM can mimic the functions of the target tissue. The primary sources of collagenous ECM material are calf skin and bone. However, these sources are associated with the risk of having bovine spongiform encephalopathy or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Alternative sources for collagenous ECM materials may be derived from livestock, e.g., pigs, and from marine animals, e.g., sea urchins. Collagenous ECM of the sea urchin possesses structural features and mechanical properties that are similar to those of mammalian ones. However, even more intriguing is that some tissues such as the ligamentous catch apparatus can exhibit mutability, namely rapid reversible changes in the tissue mechanical properties. These tissues are known as mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs). The mutability of these tissues has been the subject of on-going investigations, covering the biochemistry, structural biology and mechanical properties of the collagenous components. Recent studies point to a nerve-control system for regulating the ECM macromolecules that are involved in the sliding action of collagen fibrils in the MCT. This review discusses the key attributes of the structure and function of the ECM of the sea urchin ligaments that are related to the fibril-fibril sliding action-the focus is on the respective components within the hierarchical architecture of the tissue. In this context, structure refers to size, shape and separation distance of the ECM components while function is associated with mechanical properties e.g., strength and stiffness. For simplicity, the components that address the different length scale from the largest to the smallest are as follows: collagen fibres, collagen fibrils, interfibrillar matrix and collagen molecules. Application of recent theories of stress transfer and fracture mechanisms in fibre reinforced composites to a wide variety of collagen reinforcing (non-mutable) connective tissue, has allowed us to draw general conclusions concerning the mechanical response of the MCT at specific mechanical states, namely the stiff and complaint states. The intent of this review is to provide the latest insights, as well as identify technical challenges and opportunities, that may be useful for developing methods for effective mechanical support when adapting decellularised connective tissues from the sea urchin for tissue engineering or for the design of a synthetic analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Lim Goh
- Newcastle University Singapore, SIT Building at Nanyang Polytechnic, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8 #05-01, Singapore 567739, Singapore.
- Newcastle University, School of Mechanical & Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - David F Holmes
- Manchester University, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, B.3016 Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Londono R, Dziki JL, Haljasmaa E, Turner NJ, Leifer CA, Badylak SF. The effect of cell debris within biologic scaffolds upon the macrophage response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2109-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Haljasmaa
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Neill J. Turner
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca New York
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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