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Shkolnikov V, Xin D, Chen CH. Continuous dielectrophoretic particle separation via isomotive dielectrophoresis with bifurcating stagnation flow. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2988-2995. [PMID: 31538669 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel technique for continuous label-free separation of particles based on their dielectrophoretic crossover frequencies. Our technique relies on our unique microfluidic geometry which performs hydrodynamic focusing, generates a stagnation flow with two outlets, and simultaneously produces an isomotive dielectrophoretic field via wall-situated electrodes. To perform particle separation, we hydrodynamically focus particles onto stagnation streamlines and use isomotive dielectrophoretic force to nudge the particles off these streamlines and direct them into appropriate outlets. Focusing particles onto stagnation streamlines obviates the need for large forces to be applied to the particles and therefore increases system throughput. The use of isomotive (spatially uniform) dielectrophoretic force increases system reliability. To guide designers, we develop and describe a simple scaling model for the particle separation dynamics of our technique. The model predicts the range of particle sizes that can be separated as well as the processing rate that can be achieved as a function of system design parameters: channel size, flow rate, and applied potential. Finally, as a proof-of-principle, we use this technique to separate polystyrene bead and cell mixtures of the same diameters as well as mixtures of both particles with varying diameters.
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52
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Huang J, Lin F, Xiong C. Mechanical characterization of single cells based on microfluidic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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53
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Hanson C, Barney JT, Bishop MM, Vargis E. Simultaneous isolation and label‐free identification of bacteria using contactless dielectrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1446-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hanson
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Jacob T. Barney
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Morgan M. Bishop
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
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54
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Natu R, Islam M, Martinez-Duarte R. Nondimensional Streaming Dielectrophoresis Number for a System of Continuous Particle Separation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4357-4367. [PMID: 30827100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting methods are required in numerous healthcare assays. Although flow cytometry and magnetically actuated sorting are widespread techniques for cell sorting, there is intense research on label-free techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of the process. Among label-free techniques, dielectrophoresis (DEP) offers the capability to separate cells not only on the basis of size but also on their membrane capacitance. This is important because it enables cell discrimination on the basis of specific traits such as viability, identity, fate, and age. StreamingDEP refers to the continuous sorting of cells thanks to the generation of streams of targeted particles by equilibrating the drag and DEP forces acting on targeted particles. In this work, we provide an analytical expression for a streamingDEP number toward enabling the a priori design of DEP devices to agglomerate targeted particles into streams. The nondimensional streamingDEP number (SDN) obtained in this analysis is applied to experiments with 1 μm polystyrene particles and Candida cells. On the basis of these experiments, three characteristic zones are mapped to different values of the SDN: (1) physical capture thanks to DEP for 0 < SDN < 0.6; (2) streaming due to DEP for 0.6 < SDN < 1; (3) elution without experiencing DEP for SDN > 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Natu
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Monsur Islam
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
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55
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Liu N, Petchakup C, Tay HM, Li KHH, Hou HW. Spiral Inertial Microfluidics for Cell Separation and Biomedical Applications. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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56
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Yao J, Chen J, Cao X, Dong H. Combining 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion microstructures in microchip promotes isolation of cancer cells from red blood cells. Talanta 2018; 196:546-555. [PMID: 30683404 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting from heterogeneous organisms and tissues composed of multi-type cells is of great importance in biological and clinical applications. As promising cell sorting methods, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and hydrodynamics are attracting much attention in recent years. In this paper, we report a novel strategy by coupling DEP unit (3D sidewall electrodes) and hydrodynamic unit (microchannels with contraction/expansion structures) together in one microfluidic chip. Depending on the relative positions of 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion structure, three microchips (full-coupling, semi-coupling and non-coupling) are developed and their cell sorting performance are compared by isolating lung cancer cells (PC-9 cells) from red blood cells (RBCs). Both finite element simulation and practical cell sorting prove that high cell sorting efficiency (recovery of PC-9 cells: 90.21%, recovery of RBCs: 94.35%) can be achieved in full-coupling microchip, mainly owing to the synergistic effects between DEP sorting and hydrodynamic sorting. i.e., the positive DEP force generated by 3D sidewall electrodes can simultaneously act as an additional shear gradient lift force and thus trigger secondary flow even at low flow velocity. Live/dead cell staining, hemolysis ratio, fluorescence images and CCK-8 assay prove that RBCs and PC-9 cells show no significance difference in cell viability before and after cell sorting. The proposed coupling platform for cell sorting brings on a new pathway to construct integrated microfluidic chips for effective cell sorting and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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57
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Tay HM, Yeap WH, Dalan R, Wong SC, Hou HW. Multiplexed Label-Free Fractionation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Identification of Monocyte–Platelet Aggregates. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14535-14542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8a Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8a Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
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58
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Becton M, Averett RD, Wang X. Flow plate separation of cells based on elastic properties: a computational study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 18:425-433. [PMID: 30417230 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical studies have consistently shown that the best defense against cancer is early detection. Due to this, many efforts have been made to develop methods of screening patient blood quickly and cheaply. These methods range from separation via differences in size, electrostatic potential, chemical potential, antibody-binding affinity, among others. We propose a method of separating cells which have similar size and outer coatings, but which differ in their elastic properties. Such a method would be useful in detecting cancerous cells, which may have similar properties to leukocytes or erythrocytes but differ in their stiffness and deformation response. Here, we use coarse-grained model of a cell with membrane, cytoskeleton, and inner fluid to determine how small changes in the cell stiffness may be used to quickly and efficiently separate out irregular cells such as circulating tumor cells from a sample of blood. We focus specifically on the effects of volumetric flux and plate geometry on the ability of a separation plate to differentiate cells of similar but disparate stiffnesses. We show that volumetric flux is crucial in determining the stiffness cutoff for separating out cells of similar sizes, while the angle of the separation plate plays a less important role. With this work, we provide a comprehensive approach to the design factors of cell separation via elastic properties and hope to offer a guideline for the development of novel cytometry devices for the detection of irregular cells such as circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Becton
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rodney D Averett
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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59
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Choi S, Ko K, Lim J, Kim SH, Woo SH, Kim YS, Key J, Lee SY, Park IS, Lee SW. Non-Linear Cellular Dielectrophoretic Behavior Characterization Using Dielectrophoretic Tweezers-Based Force Spectroscopy inside a Microfluidic Device. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103543. [PMID: 30347732 PMCID: PMC6210972 DOI: 10.3390/s18103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of cellular dielectrophoretic (DEP) behaviors, when cells are exposed to an alternating current (AC) electric field of varying frequency, is fundamentally important to many applications using dielectrophoresis. However, to date, that characterization has been performed with monotonically increasing or decreasing frequency, not with successive increases and decreases, even though cells might behave differently with those frequency modulations due to the nonlinear cellular electrodynamic responses reported in previous works. In this report, we present a method to trace the behaviors of numerous cells simultaneously at the single-cell level in a simple, robust manner using dielectrophoretic tweezers-based force spectroscopy. Using this method, the behaviors of more than 150 cells were traced in a single environment at the same time, while a modulated DEP force acted upon them, resulting in characterization of nonlinear DEP cellular behaviors and generation of different cross-over frequencies in living cells by modulating the DEP force. This study demonstrated that living cells can have non-linear di-polarized responses depending on the modulation direction of the applied frequency as well as providing a simple and reliable platform from which to measure a cellular cross-over frequency and characterize its nonlinear property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Kwanhwi Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - In Su Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana⁻Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
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60
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Wang Y, Wang J, Wu X, Jiang Z, Wang W. Dielectrophoretic separation of microalgae cells in ballast water in a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:969-978. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
- Software Institute; Dalian Jiaotong University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Jimbio Tech.; Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Zong Jiang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
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61
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Wu Y, Ren Y, Tao Y, Hou L, Jiang H. High-Throughput Separation, Trapping, and Manipulation of Single Cells and Particles by Combined Dielectrophoresis at a Bipolar Electrode Array. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11461-11469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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62
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Yildizhan Y, Gogebakan UB, Altay A, Islam M, Martinez-Duarte R, Elitas M. Quantitative Investigation for the Dielectrophoretic Effect of Fluorescent Dyes at Single-Cell Resolution. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7243-7246. [PMID: 30087910 PMCID: PMC6068594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the microscopy-based, quantitative assays rely on fluorescent dyes. In this study, we investigated the impact of fluorescent dyes on the dielectrophoretic response of the mammalian cells. The dielectrophoretic measurements were performed to quantify whether the fluorescent dyes alter the dielectrophoretic properties of the cells at single-cell resolution. Our results present that when 10 Vpp electric field is applied, the fluorescent-labeled cells experienced the crossover frequency at 8-10 kHz, whereas the label-free cells exhibited at 16-18 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Yildizhan
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Umut B. Gogebakan
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Alara Altay
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Monsur Islam
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Meltem Elitas
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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63
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Tian L, Zhang L, Gao M, Deng Z, Gui L. A Handy Liquid Metal Based Non-Invasive Electrophoretic Particle Microtrap. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050221. [PMID: 30424154 PMCID: PMC6187542 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A handy liquid metal based non-invasive particle microtrap was proposed and demonstrated in this work. This kind of microtrap can be easily designed and fabricated at any location of a microfluidic chip to perform precise particle trapping and releasing without disturbing the microchannel itself. The microsystem demonstrated in this work utilized silicon oil as the continuous phase and fluorescent particles (PE-Cy5, SPHEROTM Fluorescent Particles, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA, 10.5 μm) as the target particles. To perform the particle trapping, the micro system utilized liquid-metal-filled microchannels as noncontact electrodes to generate different patterns of electric field inside the fluid channel. According to the experimental results, the target particle can be selectively trapped and released by switching the electric field patterns. For a better understanding the control mechanism, a numerical simulation of the electric field was performed to explain the trapping mechanism. In order to verify the model, additional experiments were performed and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Lunjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Zhongshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
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64
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65
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Mahabadi S, Labeed FH, Hughes MP. Dielectrophoretic analysis of treated cancer cells for rapid assessment of treatment efficacy. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1104-1110. [PMID: 29405335 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whilst personalized medicine (where interventions are precisely tailored to a patient's genotype and phenotype, as well as the nature and state of the disease) is regarded as an optimal form of treatment, the time and cost associated with it means it remains inaccessible to the greater public. A simpler alternative, stratified medicine, identifies groups of patients who are likely to respond to a given treatment. This allows appropriate treatments to be selected at the start of therapy, avoiding the common "trial and error" approach of replacing a therapy only once it is demonstrated to be ineffective in the patient. For stratification to be effective, tests are required that rapidly predict treatment effectiveness. Most tests use genetic analysis to identify drug targets, but these can be expensive and may not detect changes in the phenotype that affect drug sensitivity. An alternative method is to assess the whole-cell phenotype by evaluating drug response using cells from a biopsy. We assessed dielectrophoresis to assess drug efficacy on short timescales and at low cost. To explore the principle of assessing drug efficacy we examined two cell lines (one expressing EGFR, one not) with the drug Iressa. We then further explored the sensitive cells using combinations of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic therapies. Our results compare with known effects of these cell/treatment combination, and offer the additional benefit over methods such as TUNEL of detecting drug effects such as cell cycle arrest, which do not cause cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mahabadi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Fatima H Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Michael P Hughes
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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66
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Rauta PR, Hallur PM, Chaubey A. Gold nanoparticle-based rapid detection and isolation of cells using ligand-receptor chemistry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2893. [PMID: 29440656 PMCID: PMC5811494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and isolation of low-frequency cells of interest from a heterogeneous cell mixture is an important aspect of many diagnostic applications (including enumeration of circulating tumor cells) and is integral to various assays in (cancer) biology. Current techniques typically require expensive instrumentation and are not amenable to high throughput. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective platform for cell detection and isolation using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) i.e. Au-PEG-HA NPs. The proposed platform exploits ligand-receptor chemistry to detect/isolate cells with high specificity and efficiency. When the Au-PEG-HA NPs come in contact with cells that express CD44 (the receptor for HA), a clear colorimetric change occurs (along with an accompanying SPR peak shift from 521 nm to 559 nm) in the solution due to NPs-cell interaction. This clearly discernible, colorimetric change can be leveraged by point-of-care devices employed in diagnostic applications. Finally, we show that we can successfully isolate viable cells from a heterogeneous cell population (including from human blood samples) with high specificity, which can be used in further downstream applications. The developed NPs-based platform can be a convenient and cost-efficient alternative for diagnostic applications and for cell isolation or sorting in research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ranjan Rauta
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Pavan M Hallur
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Aditya Chaubey
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India.
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67
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Chung C, Pethig R, Smith S, Waterfall M. Intracellular potassium under osmotic stress determines the dielectrophoresis cross-over frequency of murine myeloma cells in the MHz range. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:989-997. [PMID: 29274244 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been widely studied for its potential as a biomarker-free method of sorting and characterizing cells based upon their dielectric properties. Most studies have employed voltage signals from ∼1 kHz to no higher than ∼30 MHz. Within this range a transition from negative to positive DEP can be observed at the cross-over frequency fx01 . The value of fx01 is determined by the conductivity of the suspending medium, as well as the size and shape of the cell and the dielectric properties (capacitance, conductivity) of its plasma membrane. In this work DEP measurements were performed up to 400 MHz, where the transition from positive to negative DEP can be observed at a higher cross-over frequency fx02 . SP2/O murine myeloma cells were suspended in buffer media of different osmolarities and measurements taken of cell volume, fx01 and fx02 . Potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (PBFI), a potassium-sensitive fluorophore, and flow cytometry was employed to monitor relative changes in intracellular potassium concentration. In agreement with theory, it was found that fx02 is independent of the cell parameters that control fx01 and is predominantly determined by intracellular conductivity. In particular, the value of fx02 is highly correlated to that of the intracellular potassium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Chung
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro & Nanosystems, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ronald Pethig
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro & Nanosystems, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart Smith
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Waterfall
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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68
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Cai D, Yi Q, Shen C, Lan Y, Urban G, Du W. Direct enrichment of pathogens from physiological samples of high conductivity and viscosity using H-filter and positive dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:014109. [PMID: 29430274 PMCID: PMC5780277 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The full potential of microfluidic techniques as rapid and accurate methods for the detection of disease-causing agents and foodborne pathogens is critically limited by the complex sample preparation process, which commonly comprises the enrichment of bacterial cells to detectable levels. In this manuscript, we describe a microfluidic device which integrates H-filter desalination with positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) for direct enrichment of bacterial cells from physiological samples of high conductivity and viscosity, such as cow's milk and whole human blood. The device contained a winding channel in which electrolytes in the samples continuously diffused into deionized (DI) water (desalination), while the bacterial cells remained in the samples. The length of the main channel was optimized by numerical simulation and experimentally evaluated by the diffusion of fluorescein into DI water. The effects of another three factors on H-filter desalination were also investigated, including (a) the flow rate ratio between the sample and DI water, (b) sample viscosity, and (c) non-Newtonian fluids. After H-filter desalination, the samples were withdrawn into the dielectrophoresis chamber in which the bacterial cells were captured by pDEP. The feasibility of the device was demonstrated by the direct capture of the bacterial cells in 1× PBS buffer, cow's milk, and whole human blood after H-filter desalination, with the capture efficiencies of 70.7%, 90.0%, and 80.2%, respectively. We believe that this simple method can be easily integrated into portable microfluidic diagnosis devices for rapid and accurate detection of disease-causing agents and foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaohua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gerald Urban
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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Stockslager MA, Bagnall JS, Hecht VC, Hu K, Aranda-Michel E, Payer K, Kimmerling RJ, Manalis SR. Microfluidic platform for characterizing TCR-pMHC interactions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:064103. [PMID: 29204244 PMCID: PMC5685811 DOI: 10.1063/1.5002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The physical characteristics of the T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interaction are known to play a central role in determining T cell function in the initial stages of the adaptive immune response. State-of-the-art assays can probe the kinetics of this interaction with single-molecular-bond resolution, but this precision typically comes at the cost of low throughput, since the complexity of these measurements largely precludes "scaling up." Here, we explore the feasibility of detecting specific TCR-pMHC interactions by flowing T cells past immobilized pMHC and measuring the reduction in cell speed due to the mechanical force of the receptor-ligand interaction. To test this new fluidic measurement modality, we fabricated a microfluidic device in which pMHC-coated beads are immobilized in hydrodynamic traps along the length of a serpentine channel. As T cells flow past the immobilized beads, their change in speed is tracked via microscopy. We validated this approach using two model systems: primary CD8+ T cells from an OT-1 TCR transgenic mouse with beads conjugated with H-2Kb:SIINFEKL, and Jurkat T cells with beads conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Stockslager
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Josephine Shaw Bagnall
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vivian C Hecht
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edgar Aranda-Michel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kristofor Payer
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert J Kimmerling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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70
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Simeonov A, Davis MI, Auld D. Literature Search and Review. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.29060.lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doug Auld
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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