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Song X, Wang C, He H, Peng M, Hu Q, Wang B, Tang L, Yu F. Association of phthalate exposure with pulmonary function in adults: NHANES 2007-2012. Environ Res 2023; 237:116902. [PMID: 37625539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence for the adverse effect of phthalate exposure on respiratory health is on the rise, but cross-sectional studies regarding its effects on lung function are limited and contradictory, especially in adults. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between individual and a mixture of urinary phthalate metabolites and adult pulmonary function in the United States, and to identify which ones were primarily responsible for impaired respiratory function. METHODS We obtained a cross-sectional data on 3788 adults aged 20 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012). Respiratory function was evaluated using spirometry, and phthalate exposure was assessed by measuring the levels of ten urinary phthalate metabolites. The effects of individual and mixed phthalate metabolites exposure on lung function were assessed using multivariate linear regression models and the repeated holdout weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, family poverty income ratio, body mass index, and serum cotinine. RESULTS When modeled as continuous variables or quantiles, urinary phthalate metabolites, including mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-iso-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate, were identified to be negatively associated with forced vital capacity in percent predicted values (ppFVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second in percent predicted values (ppFEV1). In addition, per each decile increase in the WQS index, ppFVC (β = -2.87, 95% CI: -3.56, -2.08) and ppFEV1 (β = -2.53, 95% CI: -3.47, -1.54) declined significantly, primarily due to the contribution of MEP and MECPP. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between co-exposure to urinary phthalate metabolites and each covariate. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that urinary phthalate metabolites are significantly associated with adult respiratory decrements, with diethyl and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contributing the most to the impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Song
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qikang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Carolina de Almeida M, Machado MR, Costa GG, de Oliveira GAR, Nunes HF, Maciel Costa Veloso DF, Ishizawa TA, Pereira J, Ferreira de Oliveira T. Influence of different concentrations of plasticizer diethyl phthalate ( DEP) on toxicity of Lactuca sativa seeds, Artemia salina and Zebrafish. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18855. [PMID: 37809487 PMCID: PMC10558298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is considered as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) due to its ease in migrating from a package to water and food, and hence contaminate consumers, being metabolized and excreted in the urine. Its presence has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems, especially with respect to disruption of the endocrine system and to reproductive disorders in humans. It mainly enters water bodies via sewage effluents from effluent treatment plants, due to its incomplete or inefficient removal. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of DEP at different trophic levels and to analyze data on the incidence and concentration of DEP according to its solubility. The concentrations ranged from 12.5 mg L-1 to 500 mg L-1 considering the response for toxicity at each trophic level and to determine the lethal concentration in 50% of the following organisms (LC50) (in mg L-1): Lactuca sativa seeds, Artemia salina Leach nauplii and Zebrafish embryo larval stage (Danio rerio), being 41,057.58 after 120 h; 401.77 after 48 h; and 470 after 96 h of exposure, respectively. As expected, higher organisms were more affected even at low concentrations, which shows the anthropological contribution of CECs to water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina de Almeida
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás-IFG, Inhumas Campus, Avenida Universitária, Vale das Goiabeiras, 75402-556, Inhumas, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Michele Resende Machado
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory-ENVTOX, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Central Campus, Praça Universitária, Bloco B, Rua 240, 406, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-17, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gessyca Gonçalves Costa
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory-ENVTOX, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Central Campus, Praça Universitária, Bloco B, Rua 240, 406, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-17, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory-ENVTOX, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Central Campus, Praça Universitária, Bloco B, Rua 240, 406, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-17, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods-LAMES, Chemistry College, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Samambaia Campus, Alameda Palmeiras, Chácaras Califórnia, 74045-155, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Danillo Fabrini Maciel Costa Veloso
- Center for Research, Technological Development and Innovation in Pharmaceuticals, Medicines and Cosmetics-FARMATEC, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Samambaia Campus, Alameda Flamboyant, Quadra K, Edifício Life, Parque Tecnológico Samambaia, 74690-631, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Taís Aragão Ishizawa
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Samambaia Campus, Rodovia Goiânia-Nova Veneza Km-0, Caixa Postal 131, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Julião Pereira
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Samambaia Campus, Rodovia Goiânia-Nova Veneza Km-0, Caixa Postal 131, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tatianne Ferreira de Oliveira
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Samambaia Campus, Rodovia Goiânia-Nova Veneza Km-0, Caixa Postal 131, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dai Z, Li Q, Mou J, Xu L, Deng S, Li J, Wang R, Liu J, Deng Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091842. [PMID: 37176899 PMCID: PMC10180571 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sophora tonkinensi is a shrub of the genus Sophora in the family Fabaceae with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. While the cultivation, chemical makeup, and medicinal properties of S. tonkinensis have been reported, the physiological mechanisms governing its dehydration and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein expression characteristics of S. tonkinensis seeds subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation techniques via the observation of cell microstructure, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that the seeds possessed a certain level of tolerance to dehydration. The highest germination percentage of 83.0% was observed after 2 h of dehydration (10.1% water content), which was identified as the optimal time point for cryopreservation. However, the germination percentage was reduced to only 30.5% when the water content reached 5.4%, indicating that S. tonkinensis seeds exhibit intermediate storage behavior. Further investigation revealed that during seed dehydration and cryopreservation treatment, liposomes were gradually and highly fused, whereas the activities of ROS scavenging and stress defense were significantly enhanced. During dehydration, the seed tissues formed a protective mechanism of stress resistance based on protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant system, which was related to the dehydration tolerance. Moreover, only three differentially expressed LEA proteins were identified, and it is speculated that the strengthening of intracellular metabolism and the absence of specific LEA and dehydrins could be crucial factors for the reduced germination percentage after excessive dehydration and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Li
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaolin Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shiming Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Sølberg JBK, Quaade AS, Drici L, Sulek K, Ulrich NH, Løvendorf MB, Thyssen JP, Mann M, Dyring-Andersen B, Johansen JD. The proteome of hand eczema assessed by tape stripping. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00071-4. [PMID: 36773646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hand eczema (HE) is a prevalent skin disease. However, classification of HE into different subtypes remains challenging. Limited number of prior studies have employed invasive biopsy-based strategies; yet, studies of the HE proteome using non-invasive tape stripping methodology have not been reported. In this study, we wanted to assess whether global proteomic analysis of skin tape strip samples can be used for sub-classification of HE patients. Tape strips were collected from patients with HE and healthy skin. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomics was performed, and the global protein expression was analyzed. We identified 2,919 proteins in stratum corneum-derived skin cells from tape strip samples. Compared to healthy skin, the lesional samples from HE patients exhibited increased expression of immune-related markers and a decreased expression of structural barrier proteins. The difference between HE subtypes was restricted to the lesional skin areas, and included an increased expression of skin barrier-related proteins independently of the concurrent AD. In conclusion we found, that the non-invasive tape strip method used in combination with LC/MS proteomics can be used for analysis of skin protein expression in HE patients. Thus, the method shows potential for assessing the proteomic differences between subtypes of HE, and biomarker discovery.
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Shariati S, Pourbabaee AA, Alikhani HA. Biodegradation of diethyl phthalate and phthalic acid by a new indigenous Pseudomonas putida. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023. [PMID: 36635520 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is one of the extensively used plasticizers which has been considered a priority hazardous pollutant due to its carcinogenic, endocrine disrupter, and multi-toxic effects on humans. The identification of DEP in different parts of the ecosphere has increased the global community's attention to the elimination of this pollutant in a bio-eco-friendly way. In this research, a novel aerobic bacterial strain nominates as ShA (GenBank accession number: MN298858) capable of consuming DEP as carbon and energy sources, was isolated from the upper phase (0-10 cm) of Anzali international wetland sediments by enrichment culture method. Morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain ShA belonged to Pseudomonas putida. The substrate utilization test demonstrated that strain ShA was able to grow in mineral salt medium containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and phthalic acid (PA) isomers including terephthalic and isophthalic acid. Degradation assay showed strain ShA completely degraded 200 mg/L DEP within 22 h (pH 7.0, 30 °C). Surprisingly, PA as the main intermediate of DEP biodegradation was identified by GC-FID. Moreover, the rapid degradation of 2000 mg/L PA to CO2 and H2O was viewed in 22 h by strain ShA. The possible route of DEP degradation was DEP directly to PA and then PA consumption for growth. This study obtained results that provide a great contribution to applying strain ShA in the biodegradation of low molecular weight of PAEs and PA isomers in natural ecosystems. This is the first report of a P. putida strain able to degrade DEP and PA.
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Infante M, Ricordi C. The unique pathophysiological features of diabetes mellitus secondary to total pancreatectomy: proposal for a new classification distinct from diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:19-32. [PMID: 36692892 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2168645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP; a.k.a. pancreatic diabetes or pancreatogenic diabetes or type 3c diabetes mellitus or T3cDM) refers to different diabetes types resulting from disorders of the exocrine pancreas. DEP is characterized by the structural and functional loss of glucose-normalizing insulin secretion in the context of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Among these forms, new-onset diabetes mellitus secondary to total pancreatectomy (TP) has unique pathophysiological and clinical features, for which we propose a new nomenclature such as post-total pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (PTPDM). AREAS COVERED TP results in the complete loss of pancreatic parenchyma, with subsequent absolute insulinopenia and lifelong need for exogenous insulin therapy. Patients with PTPDM also exhibit deficiency of glucagon, amylin and pancreatic polypeptide. These endocrine abnormalities, coupled with increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, deficiency of pancreatic enzymes and TP-related modifications of gastrointestinal anatomy, can lead to marked glucose variability and increased risk of iatrogenic (insulin-induced) severe hypoglycemic episodes ('brittle diabetes'). EXPERT OPINION We believe that diabetes mellitus secondary to TP should not be included in the DEP spectrum in light of its peculiar pathophysiological and clinical features. Therefore, we propose a new classification for this entity, that would likely provide more accurate prognosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Infante
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Da Ros S, Gili A, Curran K. Equilibrium distribution of diethyl phthalate plasticiser in cellulose acetate-based materials: Modelling and parameter estimation of temperature and composition effects. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157700. [PMID: 35926618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transport and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as phthalates in indoor environments is fundamental for quantifying levels of human exposure and preventing adverse health effects. In this context, the partition coefficient of phthalates between indoor built materials and/or consumer goods and the surrounding atmosphere represents a key parameter for determining concentration distributions. Partition coefficients are also of fundamental importance for describing degradation phenomena associated with plasticiser loss from polymeric materials. However, this key parameter has only been determined for a limited number of systems and environmental conditions. Here, we assess the partitioning behaviour of the diethyl phthalate (DEP) plasticiser in cellulose acetate (CA)-based materials for the first time, determining the effects of temperature and plasticiser composition on equilibrium distributions at temperatures between 20 and 80 °C and using CA samples with DEP contents ranging from 6 to 22 wt%. Additionally, we propose a model to describe and quantify the effect of temperature and plasticiser composition, with model parameters being estimated using non-linear regression and measurements from 130 distinct experiments. Finally, we assess the suitability of our developed model to simulate the migration of DEP from CA-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoní Da Ros
- UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Argyro Gili
- UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Curran
- UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Labeed FH, Beale AD, Schneider P, Kitcatt SJ, Kruchek EJ, Reece SE. Circadian rhythmicity in murine blood: Electrical effects of malaria infection and anemia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:994487. [PMID: 36440448 PMCID: PMC9686327 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological adaptations to the day-night cycle, whereby cells adapt to changes in the external environment or internal physiology according to the time of day. Whilst many cellular clock mechanisms involve gene expression feedback mechanisms, clocks operate even where gene expression is absent. For example, red blood cells (RBCs) do not have capacity for gene expression, and instead possess an electrophysiological oscillator where cytosolic potassium plays a key role in timekeeping. We examined murine blood under normal conditions as well as in two perturbed states, malaria infection and induced anemia, to assess changes in baseline cellular electrophysiology and its implications for the electrophysiological oscillator. Blood samples were analyzed at 4-h intervals over 2 days by dielectrophoresis, and microscopic determination of parasitemia. We found that cytoplasmic conductivity (indicating the concentration of free ions in the cytoplasm and related to the membrane potential) exhibited circadian rhythmic behavior in all three cases (control, malaria and anemia). Compared to control samples, cytoplasm conductivity was decreased in the anemia group, whilst malaria-infected samples were in antiphase to control. Furthermore, we identified rhythmic behavior in membrane capacitance of malaria infected cells that was not replicated in the other samples. Finally, we reveal the historically famous rhythmicity of malaria parasite replication is in phase with cytoplasm conductivity. Our findings suggest the electrophysiological oscillator can impact on malaria parasite replication and/or is vulnerable to perturbation by rhythmic parasite activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H. Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fatima H. Labeed,
| | - Andrew D. Beale
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Schneider
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Kitcatt
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Kruchek
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Reece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Zhu C, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Hou J, Zhang Q, Wang P. Associations between Children's asthma and allergic symptoms and phthalates in dust in metropolitan Tianjin, China. Chemosphere 2022; 302:134786. [PMID: 35508265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prevalences of allergies and asthma have increased through the past few decades around the world, especially in countries and regions that have adopted modern lifestyles. Epidemiological studies outside of China have found a relationship between phthalates concentrations in indoor dust and symptoms of respiratory, skin and nose allergies. The aim of our study is to investigate the association between children's asthma and allergic symptoms and concentrations of different phthalates in settled dust samples collected from children's homes in metropolitan Tianjin (Tianjin and Cangzhou), China. We selected 126 cases with current allergic symptoms and 254 controls without allergic symptoms from the cohort of 7865 children. We collected dust samples from children's bedroom and analyzed them for their content of diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP). We found a higher concentration of DEP in rhinitis children's homes (0.33 vs. 0.27 μg/g dust) and a higher concentration of DiBP in asthma children's homes (29.04 vs. 15.66 μg/g dust). The concentration of DiBP was significantly associated with diagnosed asthma (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.57). A dose-response relationship was found between concentrations of DiBP in dust and asthma. This study shows that some phthalates are associated with allergic and asthma symptoms in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Baarsma HA, Van der Veen CHTJ, Lobee D, Mones N, Oosterhout E, Cattani-Cavalieri I, Schmidt M. Epithelial 3D-spheroids as a tool to study air pollutant-induced lung pathology. SLAS Discov 2022; 27:185-190. [PMID: 35227934 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) and air pollutants (AP) activate pathological processes in bronchial epithelial cells resulting in lung function decline which severely impacts human health. Knowledge about the molecular mechanism(s) by which CS and AP induce pathology is limited. Our previous studies in 2D cultures of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells showed that CS exposure activates transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release and signaling. Furthermore, CS exposure reduced the expression of E-cadherin, which was prevented by applying a TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells cultured in 2D to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) increased TGF-β1 protein expression and reduced the expression of epithelial cell markers, whereas mesenchymal markers are upregulated. Conventional 2D cell culture may, however, not fully reflect the physiology of bronchial epithelial cells in vivo. To simulate the in vivo situation more closely we cultured the bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D environment in the current study. Treatment of epithelial spheroids with TGF-β resulted in reduced E-cadherin and increased collagen I expression, indicating the activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Similarly, exposure of spheroids to DEP induced and EMT-like phenotype. Collectively, our data indicate AP induces an EMT-like phenotype of BEAS-2B cells in 3D spheroid cultures. This opens new avenues for drug development for the treatment of lung diseases induced by AP. The 3D spheroid cell culture is a novel, innovative and physiologically relevant model for culturing a variety of cells. It is a versatile tool for both high-throughput studies and for identifying molecular mechanisms involved in bronchial epithelial cell (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoeke A Baarsma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland.
| | - Christina H T J Van der Veen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - Danique Lobee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland
| | - Nienke Mones
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland
| | - Emily Oosterhout
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland
| | - Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherland; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
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11
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Fan X, Gu C, Cai J, Zhong M, Bian Y, Jiang X. Mechanistic insights into primary biotransformation of diethyl phthalate in earthworm and significant SOD inhibitory effect of esterolytic products. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132491. [PMID: 34624352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizer or modifier in artificially-manufactured products. Though the rapid biotransformation of phthalates in microbes and plants have been well documented, it is less studied yet in terrestrial animals, e.g. earthworm. In this study, the major biotransformation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in Eisenia fetida was illustrated using in vitro incubation of earthworm crude enzymes. DEP could be substantially biotransformed into phthalate monoester (MEP) and a small amount of phthalic acid (PA) through esterolysis, which was verified to be driven by endogenous carboxylesterase. Despite the inferior contribution, the oxidation of DEP might also occur under the initiated electron transfer by NADPH coenzyme. The dominant metabolite MEP showed a higher inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than DEP with EC50 of 0.0082 ± 0.0016 mmol/L, so the higher ecological risks of MEP would be marked. The inhibition effect of PA was validated to be even stronger than MEP though it was slightly generated. The direct binding interaction with SOD was proved to be an important molecular event for regulation of SOD activity. Besides the static quenching mechanism, the caused conformational changes including despiralization of α-helix and spatial reorientation of tryptophan were spectrally believed to affect binding and underlie inhibition efficiency of SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Jun Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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12
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Arbneshi T, Mustafa B, Berisha L, Hajdari A. The concentration of phthalates in toys and children's care items in Kosovo. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1496-1502. [PMID: 34889166 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2014251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, one hundred and twenty-eight toys and children's care items available in the Kosovo market were analyzed to determine the presence of phthalates and evaluate if the analyzed samples meet the national and EU standards. Toys and children's care items were imported from twelve countries, most of them from China. Phthalates were extracted and then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nine phthalates were analyzed in total, of them, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-isodecyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate were the most frequently detected phthalates in the analyzed samples. Phthalates were not detected only in three toys and children's care items, others contained one or more phthalates, while none of them contained all (nine) analyzed phthalates. In total, 22 analyzed toys and children's care items did not fulfill at least one of the EU standards, of these 16 were toys and children's care items intended for children under age three and designed to be placed in the mouth. Overall, our work shows that toys and children's care items that exceed EU standards for phthalates are still present in the Kosovo market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Arbneshi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Behxhet Mustafa
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Department of Biology, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Liridon Berisha
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Avni Hajdari
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Department of Biology, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
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13
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Abdallat R, Kruchek E, Matta C, Lewis R, Labeed FH. Dielectrophoresis as a Tool to Reveal the Potential Role of Ion Channels and Early Electrophysiological Changes in Osteoarthritis. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:949. [PMID: 34442571 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) are commonly characterized at the molecular scale by gene expression and subsequent protein production; likewise, the effects of pharmaceutical interventions are typically characterized by the effects of molecular interactions. However, these phenomena are usually preceded by numerous precursor steps, many of which involve significant ion influx or efflux. As a consequence, rapid assessment of cell electrophysiology could play a significant role in unravelling the mechanisms underlying drug interactions and progression of diseases, such as OA. In this study, we used dielectrophoresis (DEP), a technique that allows rapid, label-free determination of the dielectric parameters to assess the role of potassium ions on the dielectric characteristics of chondrocytes, and to investigate the electrophysiological differences between healthy chondrocytes and those from an in vitro arthritic disease model. Our results showed that DEP was able to detect a significant decrease in membrane conductance (6191 ± 738 vs. 8571 ± 1010 S/m2), membrane capacitance (10.3 ± 1.47 vs. 14.5 ± 0.01 mF/m2), and whole cell capacitance (5.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.5 ± 0.3 pF) following inhibition of potassium channels using 10 mM tetraethyl ammonium, compared to untreated healthy chondrocytes. Moreover, cells from the OA model had a different response to DEP force in comparison to healthy cells; this was seen in terms of both a decreased membrane conductivity (782 S/m2 vs. 1139 S/m2) and a higher whole cell capacitance (9.58 ± 3.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.3 pF). The results show that DEP offers a high throughput method, capable of detecting changes in membrane electrophysiological properties and differences between disease states.
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14
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Abstract
Manipulation of microscale bioparticles including living cells is of great significance to the broad bioengineering and biotechnology fields. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is defined as the interactions between dielectric particles and the electric field, is one of the most widely used techniques for the manipulation of bioparticles including cell separation, sorting, and trapping. Bioparticles experience a DEP force if they have a different polarization from the surrounding media in an electric field that is nonuniform in terms of the intensity and/or phase of the electric field. A comprehensive literature survey shows that the DEP-based microfluidic devices for manipulating bioparticles can be categorized according to the methods of creating the nonuniformity via patterned microchannels, electrodes, and media to generate the DEP force. These methods together with the theory of DEP force generation are described in this review, to provide a summary of the methods and materials that have been used to manipulate various bioparticles for various specific biological outcomes. Further developments of DEP-based technologies include identifying materials that better integrate with electrodes than current popular materials (silicone/glass) and improving the performance of DEP manipulation of bioparticles by combining it with other methods of handling bioparticles. Collectively, DEP-based microfluidic manipulation of bioparticles holds great potential for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyahb A Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mingrui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alisa M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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15
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Yi K, Lei M, Peng L, Chen A, Luo S. Sunlight-driven degradation of diethyl phthalate via magnetically modified biochar catalysts in water: Internal electron transfer mechanism. Chemosphere 2021; 269:129366. [PMID: 33385662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a one-step synthetic approach for magnetic biochar (MBC) photo-degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP). The results showed that MBC exhibited better catalytic property for DEP degradation than BC, and its catalytic performance was influenced by the amount of Fe doping. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quenching experiments, and chemical probe studies confirmed the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and superoxide anion radical (·O2-) in both of BC and MBC. Solar light promoted the formation of PFRs in BC system, which transferred electrons to oxygen to form ·O2-, thus yielding ·OH. On the other hand, electron transfer occurred between PFRs and Fe3+ for MBC, Fe2+ played an important role in activation of O2 and ·O2- production. Subsequently, photo-Fenton reaction was primarily responsible for ·OH formation. This work compared the different generation pathways for ROS between BC and MBC and provides new insight into the possible mediatory roles of BC in O2 activation under solar light by transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Si Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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16
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Meng G, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Z. The DEP regimen is superior to the HLH-1994 regimen as first-line therapy for lymphoma-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:854-860. [PMID: 33225788 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1849671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH) has a poor prognosis. Currently, there is no unified, effective first-line treatment regimen for it. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 50 patients who received the DEP regimen and 30 patients who received the HLH-1994 regimen. After 2 weeks of treatment, the ORR of the DEP group was higher than that of the HLH-1994 group (p = 0.024). After 4 weeks, the CR and ORR of the DEP group were higher than those of the HLH-1994 group (p < 0.05). The recurrence rate of the HLH-1994 group within 4 weeks (20.0%) was higher than that of the DEP group (2.1%) (p < 0.05). The median survival of patients with NK/T and T-cell lymphoma in the DEP group (10.1 months) was longer than the median survival of the HLH-1994 group (2.6 months) (p = 0.017). Our study suggests that the DEP regimen can improve Week 2 and Week 4 ORR, Week 4 CR, and reduce Week 4 recurrence rate for LA-HLH more than the HLH-1994 regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Meng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Hoque R, Mostafid H, Hughes MP. Rapid, Low-Cost Dielectrophoretic Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in a Clinical Setting. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 2020; 8:4300405. [PMID: 32656002 PMCID: PMC7343103 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2020.3004743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer worldwide. Diagnosing bladder cancer typically involves highly invasive cystoscopy, with followup monitored using uteroscopy. Molecular methods have been developed as an adjunct to this, but tend to be expensive or require expert operator input. Here we present a study of the use of dielectrophoresis (DEP) of voided cells from eight cancer-presenting patients and eight healthy controls as an alternative low-cost and operator-independent method of bladder cancer detection. This study suggests that there are statistically significant differences ([Formula: see text]) between characteristics of the DEP spectrum of clinical samples, and that using this marker we were able to obtain sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88%, in line with many molecular methods; exclusion of samples where a DEP spectrum is not present (due to low cell counts) increased sensitivity to 100%, showing this can be improved by increasing the cell collection rate. As samples were analyzed a day after collection, we suggest that the method may be amenable to a centralized mail-in analysis service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashedul Hoque
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHU.K.
| | | | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHU.K.
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18
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Xinxin Z, Shuang Y, Xunming Z, Shang W, Juhong Z, Jinghui X. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Overwintering Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1623. [PMID: 32038298 PMCID: PMC6985562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations to low temperature play a critical role in restricting the geographical distribution of insects. Decreasing day lengths and temperatures trigger seasonal cold adaptations in insects. These adaptions include changes in expression at the miRNA, mRNA and protein levels. The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, introduced from the Mississippi River, is a globally invasive pest of wetland rice that can survive at the northern border of China. To investigate the changes in expression at the protein level in overwintering female RWW adults, 6-plex tandem mass tags (TMTs) were used in overwintering and summer adults. By using a proteome database available for Curculionidae, 1077 proteins were quantified, 183 of which differed significantly between the overwintering and summer samples. To further understand these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), bioinformatics analyses such as gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed. DEPs associated with the terms binding, structural molecule activity, catalytic activity, multicellular organismal process, extracellular region, chitin binding, metabolic process, intracellular part and organic cyclic compound binding were altered by selection during winter. The changes in the expression of these proteins suggest that the proteins are important for RWW survival in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xinxin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Shuang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang Xunming
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Shang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Juhong
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Jinghui
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Fernando-Juan GD, Rubio-Chavarría M, Beltrán P, Espinós FJ. Thermal Shock Response of Yeast Cells Characterised by Dielectrophoresis Force Measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5304. [PMID: 31810237 DOI: 10.3390/s19235304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is an electric force experienced by particles subjected to non-uniform electric fields. Recently, several technologies have been developed focused on the use of dielectrophoretic force (DEP) to manipulate and detect cells. On the other hand, there is no such great development in the field of DEP-based cell discrimination methods. Despite the demand for methods to differentiate biological cell states, most DEP developed methods have been focused on differentiation through geometric parameters. The novelty of the present work relies upon the point that a DEP force cell measurement is used as a discrimination method, capable of detecting heat killed yeast cells from the alive ones. Thermal treatment is used as an example of different biological state of cells. It comes from the fact that biological properties have their reflection in the electric properties of the particle, in this case a yeast cell. To demonstrate such capability of the method, 279 heat-killed cells were measured and compared with alive cells data from the literature. For each cell, six speeds were taken at different points in its trajectory inside a variable non-uniform electric field. The electric parameters in cell wall conductivity, cell membrane conductivity, cell membrane permittivity of the yeast cell from bibliography explains the DEP experimental force measured. Finally, alive and heat-treated cells were distinguished based on that measure. Our results can be explained through the well-known damage of cell structure characteristics of heat-killed cells.
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Wang X, Yang Y, Zhu P, Wu Y, Jin Y, Yu S, Wei H, Qian M, Cao W, Xu S, Liu Y, Chen G, Zhao X. Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust PM 2.5 programmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease differently in adult male offspring of mice fed normal chow and a high-fat diet. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113366. [PMID: 31668954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading preventable threats to public health. Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to environmental stressors is associated with abnormal foetal development. However, how prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP) predisposes adult offspring to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. To examine this, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to DEP or a vehicle before conception and during pregnancy and fed normal chow or a high-fat diet. Then, the hepatic fatty accumulation in the adult male offspring and possible molecular mechanisms were assessed. Our data showed that prenatal exposure to DEP on normal chow led to hepatic steatosis in adult male offspring with normal liver function. However, prenatal DEP exposure relieved the hepatic steatosis and liver function in offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to DEP on normal chow increased lipogenesis and worsened fatty acid oxidation. The counteractive effect of prenatal DEP exposure on high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis was produced through upregulated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and this improved lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Collectively, prenatal exposure to DEP programmed the development of NAFLD differently in the adult male offspring of mice fed normal chow and a high-fat diet, showing the pleotrophic effects of exposure to adverse environmental factors in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yuxue Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Piaoyu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Muzhou Qian
- Department of Hemodialysis, Fourth People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Weiming Cao
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shenya Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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21
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García-Diego FJ, Rubio-Chavarría M, Beltrán P, Espinós FJ. Characterization of Simple and Double Yeast Cells Using Dielectrophoretic Force Measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E3813. [PMID: 31484453 DOI: 10.3390/s19173813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoretic force is an electric force experienced by particles subjected to non-uniform electric fields. In recent years, plenty of dielectrophoretic force (DEP) applications have been developed. Most of these works have been centered on particle positioning and manipulation. DEP particle characterization has been left in the background. Likewise, these characterizations have studied the electric properties of particles from a qualitative point of view. This article focuses on the quantitative measurement of cells’ dielectric force, specifically yeast cells. The measures are obtained as the results of a theoretical model and an instrumental method, both of which are developed and described in the present article, based on a dielectrophoretic chamber made of two V-shaped placed electrodes. In this study, 845 cells were measured. For each one, six speeds were taken at different points in its trajectory. Furthermore, the chamber design is repeatable, and this was the first time that measurements of dielectrophoretic force and cell velocity for double yeast cells were accomplished. To validate the results obtained in the present research, the results have been compared with the dielectric properties of yeast cells collected in the pre-existing literature.
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Alazzam A, Al-Khaleel M, Riahi MK, Mathew B, Gawanmeh A, Nerguizian V. Dielectrophoresis Multipath Focusing of Microparticles through Perforated Electrodes in Microfluidic Channels. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:bios9030099. [PMID: 31394810 PMCID: PMC6784380 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents focusing of microparticles in multiple paths within the direction of the flow using dielectrophoresis. The focusing of microparticles is realized through partially perforated electrodes within the microchannel. A continuous electrode on the top surface of the microchannel is considered, while the bottom side is made of a circular meshed perforated electrode. For the mathematical model of this microfluidic channel, inertia, buoyancy, drag and dielectrophoretic forces are brought up in the motion equation of the microparticles. The dielectrophoretic force is accounted for through a finite element discretization taking into account the perforated 3D geometry within the microchannel. An ordinary differential equation is solved to track the trajectories of the microparticles. For the case of continuous electrodes using the same mathematical model, the numerical simulation shows a very good agreement with the experiments, and this confirms the validation of focusing of microparticles within the proposed perforated electrode microchannel. Microparticles of silicon dioxide and polystyrene are used for this analysis. Their initial positions and radius, the Reynolds number, and the radius of the pore in perforated electrodes mainly conduct microparticles trajectories. Moreover, the radius of the pore of perforated electrode is the dominant factor in the steady state levitation height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Electrical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Khaleel
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Department of Mathematics, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Kamel Riahi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Amjad Gawanmeh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Vahé Nerguizian
- Electrical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3C 1K3, Canada.
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23
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Ma S, Jing F, Sohi SP, Chen J. New insights into contrasting mechanisms for PAE adsorption on millimeter, micron- and nano-scale biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18636-18650. [PMID: 31054059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is being examined as a potential sorbent for organic pollutants in the environment including phthalate esters (PAEs). It has been noted that nano-scale biochar particles displayed stronger migration potential than other particles, which poses the potential risk of pollutant transfer through the environment. In this present study, we examined the influence of sub-millimeter (200-600 μm), micron-scale (10-60 μm), and nano-scale (0.1-0.6 μm) biochar on diethyl phthalate (DEP, as a model) adsorption using particles derived from corn straw and rice husk biochar. Meanwhile, the interaction between adsorption capacity and initial pH was also considered. Our results showed that the adsorption capacity of biochar for DEP increased with decreasing particle size, and was considerably higher for nano-scale biochar than for other particles. This was attributable to its developed pore structure and higher specific surface area (SSA), especially the dominant micropore (292.73 m2/g), suggesting that the adsorption of DEP to nano-scale biochar was dominated by pore-filling rather than π-π EDA and H bonding that was applied to biochar of larger, more typical dimensions. The adsorption capacity of nano-scale biochar for DEP was markedly decreased when initial pH was decreased from 9.0 to 3.0. Because an acid environment could reduce the absolute surface charge on nano-scale biochar, it was easier for the particles to agglomerate. Nano-scale biochar therefore have higher activity in alkaline conditions, which could pose certain risks through their application into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Saran P Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Tao Y, Li H, Gu J, Shi H, Han S, Jiao Y, Zhong G, Zhang Q, Akindolie MS, Lin Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y. Metabolism of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and identification of degradation intermediates by Pseudomonas sp. DNE-S1. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:411-418. [PMID: 30798184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A Pseudomonas sp. DNE-S1 (GenBank accession number MF803832), able to degrade DEP in a wide range of acid-base conditions, was isolated from landfill soil. The growth kinetics of DNE-S1 on DEP followed the inhibition model. Fe3+ could promote the degradation ability of DNE-S1 to DEP probably by over-expression of the gene phthalate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (ophB) and phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase (ophA4). The degradation rate of DEP (500 mg L-1 at 12 h) increased by 14.5% in the presence of Fe3+. Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ showed an inhibiting effect on the degradation performance of the strain and could alter the cellular morphology, surface area and volume of DNE-S1. Three degradation intermediates, namely ethyl methyl phthalate (EMP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and phthalic acid (PA), were detected in the biodegradation of DEP, and the biochemical pathway of DEP degradation was proposed. This study provides new information on the biochemical pathways and the responsible genes involved in DEP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hanxu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jidong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongtao Shi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Siyue Han
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Modupe S Akindolie
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulong Lin
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, No. 18, Liaohe West Road, Jinzhou New District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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25
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Bissegger S, Pineda Castro MA, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Phthalates modulate steroid 5-reductase transcripts in the Western clawed frog embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 213:39-46. [PMID: 30055282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are used worldwide in the manufacturing of plastics, added to cosmetic products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and paints; and are widely detected in soil, surface water, and organism tissues. Phthalate esters have been previously shown to interfere with the endocrine system in vertebrates. However, few studies have investigated the effects of phthalates on testosterone-converting enzymes that affect hormone levels and reproduction. In the present study, we exposed the Western clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) to 0.1, 1, and 10 μM diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) during early amphibian embryonic development. Additional DBP exposures were conducted ex vivo using mature frog testes. Malformations and mRNA levels of genes associated to reproduction and oxidative stress were evaluated. 0.1 μM DEHP, DBP, and DEP induced an array of malformations, including incomplete gut coiling, edemas, and eye malformations. Moreover, all three phthalates increased the expression of androgen-related genes, such as steroid-5α-reductase 1, 2, 3, steroid-5β-reductase, and androgen receptor at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM depending on the phthalate and gene. Data suggest that the phthalate esters tested are teratogens to the amphibian embryo and that these phthalates exhibit an androgenic activity in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bissegger
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Viviane Yargeau
- Chemical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada; Institut de la recherche scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Québec, QC, Canada.
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26
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Hu S, Fu R. Expanding the flexibility of dynamics simulation on different size particle-particle interactions by dielectrophoresis. J Biol Phys 2018; 45:45-62. [PMID: 30367339 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we perform flexible and reliable dynamics simulations on different sizes of two or more particles' interactive motions, where they encounter positive or negative dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces. The particles with identical or non-identical size are in close proximity suspended freely in a solution under a homogeneous electric field. According to the description of classic dipole moment, DEP forces make the particles form a straight chain. Therefore, dynamics simulation based on Newton's laws is utilized to understand AC DEP phenomena among multiple particles. To solve the relevant governing equations, Stokes drag and repulsive forces (including wall and particles) are combined with DEP forces to obtain the trajectories of particles. Results show that particles with the same sign of the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) factor revolve clockwise or counterclockwise to attract each other parallel to the electric field direction. Conversely, the particle chain is perpendicular to the field. This programmable advantage is of great benefit to the study of three or four particle motions. Meanwhile, the pearl chain consisting of three or four particles is related not only to an individual CM factor but also to initial spatial configuration. Both the cluster and short chain are dependent on symmetry between the geometric distribution and electric field, while it implies different size particles easily cause the chain structure with less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Rongrong Fu
- Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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27
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Abstract
Single-cell rotation is a fundamental manipulation used in a wide range of biotechnological applications such as cell injection and enucleation. However, there are currently few methods for the 3D rotation of single cells. Here, this chapter presents different biochip platforms based on a dielectrophoresis technique to achieve 3D rotation. In-plane (yaw) and out-of-plane rotation (pitch) can be achieved by applying different AC signal configurations, respectively. This use of 3D rotation facilitates several applications. For example, in-plane rotation can be used to measure the rotation spectra, and this can be used to estimate the dielectric parameters. The out-of-plane rotation can help reconstruct 3D cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Yin N, Liang S, Liang S, Hu B, Yang R, Zhou Q, Jiang G, Faiola F. DEP and DBP induce cytotoxicity in mouse embryonic stem cells and abnormally enhance neural ectoderm development. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:21-32. [PMID: 29414342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are two typical small phthalate esters, extensively used in personal care and consumer products. Although previous studies have linked phthalate esters to several health issues, it is still unclear whether they can affects the early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we evaluated the early developmental neurotoxicity as well as the cytotoxicity of DEP and DBP, using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Our results showed that both DEP and DBP could decrease mESC viability in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, while DBP could activate the caspase-3/7 enzymes and cause cell membrane damage as well as intracellular ROS accumulation, interestingly DEP treatment only showed stimulation of ROS production. In addition, DEP and DBP treatment at non-cytotoxic concentrations, abnormally altered the expression levels of several vitally important regulators of embryo development. For instance, neural ectoderm markers, such as Pax6, Nestin, Sox1 and Sox3, were significantly up-regulated upon DEP and DBP exposure. In conclusion, our work suggests a potential developmental toxicity of DEP and DBP on mammals, especially for neural ectoderm specification. Our findings help better understand the association between health problems and DEP/DBP exposure and most significantly remind us of the importance of additional health risk tests for these two largely used chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengxian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaojun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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29
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that an increase of PM2.5 diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in ambient air corresponds to increased myocardial infarctions and atherosclerosis. When exposed to DEP, endothelial cells exhibit increases in oxidative stress and apoptosis, but the role of autophagy in this DEP-induced cell death remains unclear. Here, we suggest that acute DEP exposure produces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to induction of DEP internalization, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-inflammation in an in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) model. This study found that increases in intracellular oxidative stress and cellular internalization of DEP occurred within 2 h of exposure to DEP. After 2 h of DEP exposure, Mdm2 expression was increased, which triggered cellular autophagy after 4 h of DEP exposure and suppressed cellular senescence. Unfortunately, phagocytized DEP could not be eliminated by cellular autophagy, which led to a continuous buildup of ROS, an increased release of cytokines, and an increased expression of anchoring molecules. After 12 h of DEP exposure, HUVEC reduced Mdm2 expression leading to increased p53 expression, which triggered apoptosis and ultimately resulted in endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, when cells lacked the ability to induce autophagy, DEP was unable to induce cell senescence and most of the cells survived with only a small percentage of the cells undergoing necrosis. The results presented in this study clearly demonstrate the role cellular autophagy plays in DEP-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Center for Nanotechnology.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science.,Center for Nanotechnology
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30
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Mahabadi S, Labeed FH, Hughes MP. Dielectrophoretic analysis of treated cancer cells for rapid assessment of treatment efficacy. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1104-1110. [PMID: 29405335 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whilst personalized medicine (where interventions are precisely tailored to a patient's genotype and phenotype, as well as the nature and state of the disease) is regarded as an optimal form of treatment, the time and cost associated with it means it remains inaccessible to the greater public. A simpler alternative, stratified medicine, identifies groups of patients who are likely to respond to a given treatment. This allows appropriate treatments to be selected at the start of therapy, avoiding the common "trial and error" approach of replacing a therapy only once it is demonstrated to be ineffective in the patient. For stratification to be effective, tests are required that rapidly predict treatment effectiveness. Most tests use genetic analysis to identify drug targets, but these can be expensive and may not detect changes in the phenotype that affect drug sensitivity. An alternative method is to assess the whole-cell phenotype by evaluating drug response using cells from a biopsy. We assessed dielectrophoresis to assess drug efficacy on short timescales and at low cost. To explore the principle of assessing drug efficacy we examined two cell lines (one expressing EGFR, one not) with the drug Iressa. We then further explored the sensitive cells using combinations of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic therapies. Our results compare with known effects of these cell/treatment combination, and offer the additional benefit over methods such as TUNEL of detecting drug effects such as cell cycle arrest, which do not cause cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mahabadi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Fatima H Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Michael P Hughes
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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31
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Nakano M, Ding Z, Suehiro J. Comparison of Sensitivity and Quantitation between Microbead Dielectrophoresis-Based DNA Detection and Real-Time PCR. Biosensors (Basel) 2017; 7:E44. [PMID: 28974001 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a microbead-based method using dielectrophoresis (DEP) for the fast detection of DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This electrical method measures the change in impedance caused by DEP-trapped microbeads to which biotinylated target DNA molecules are chemically attached. Using this method, measurements can be obtained within 20 min. Currently, real-time PCR is among the most sensitive methods available for the detection of target DNA, and is often used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. We therefore compared the quantitation and sensitivity achieved by our method to those achieved with real-time PCR. We found that the microbead DEP-based method exhibited the same detection limit as real-time PCR, although its quantitative detection range was slightly narrower at 10–105 copies/reaction compared with 10–107 copies/reaction for real-time PCR. Whereas real-time PCR requires expensive and complex instruments, as well as expertise in primer design and experimental principles, our novel method is simple to use, inexpensive, and rapid. This method could potentially detect viral and other DNAs efficiently in combination with conventional PCR.
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32
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Bhatt G, Kant R, Mishra K, Yadav K, Singh D, Gurunath R, Bhattacharya S. Impact of surface roughness on Dielectrophoretically assisted concentration of microorganisms over PCB based platforms. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:28. [PMID: 28417250 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a PCB based microfluidic platform for performing a dielectrophoretic capture of live microorganisms over inter-digitated electrodes buried under layers of different surface roughness values. Although dielectrophoresis has been extensively studied earlier over silicon and polymer surfaces with printed electrodes the issue of surface roughness particularly in case of buried electrodes has been seldom investigated. We have addressed this issue through a layer of spin coated PDMS (of various surface roughness) that is used to cover the printed electrodes over a printed circuit board. The roughness in the PDMS layer is generally defined by the roughness of the FR4 base which houses the printed electrodes as well as other structures. Possibilities arising out of COMSOL simulations have been well validated experimentally in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Bhatt
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Rishi Kant
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Keerti Mishra
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Yadav
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India. .,Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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33
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Faraghat SA, Hoettges KF, Steinbach MK, van der Veen DR, Brackenbury WJ, Henslee EA, Labeed FH, Hughes MP. High-throughput, low-loss, low-cost, and label-free cell separation using electrophysiology-activated cell enrichment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4591-6. [PMID: 28408395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700773114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, cell separation occurs almost exclusively by density gradient methods and by fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting (FACS/MACS). These variously suffer from lack of specificity, high cell loss, use of labels, and high capital/operating cost. We present a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based cell-separation method, using 3D electrodes on a low-cost disposable chip; one cell type is allowed to pass through the chip whereas the other is retained and subsequently recovered. The method advances usability and throughput of DEP separation by orders of magnitude in throughput, efficiency, purity, recovery (cells arriving in the correct output fraction), cell losses (those which are unaccounted for at the end of the separation), and cost. The system was evaluated using three example separations: live and dead yeast; human cancer cells/red blood cells; and rodent fibroblasts/red blood cells. A single-pass protocol can enrich cells with cell recovery of up to 91.3% at over 300,000 cells per second with >3% cell loss. A two-pass protocol can process 300,000,000 cells in under 30 min, with cell recovery of up to 96.4% and cell losses below 5%, an effective processing rate >160,000 cells per second. A three-step protocol is shown to be effective for removal of 99.1% of RBCs spiked with 1% cancer cells while maintaining a processing rate of ∼170,000 cells per second. Furthermore, the self-contained and low-cost nature of the separator device means that it has potential application in low-contamination applications such as cell therapies, where good manufacturing practice compatibility is of paramount importance.
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34
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Farina F, Lonati E, Brambilla A, Dal Magro R, Milani C, Botto L, Sancini G, Palestini P, Bulbarelli A. Diesel exhaust particles ( DEP) pre-exposure contributes to the anti-oxidant response impairment in hCMEC/D3 during post-oxygen and glucose deprivation damage. Toxicol Lett 2017; 274:1-7. [PMID: 28400208 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, air pollution has been identified as a significant modifiable risk factor to the increasing stroke burden. Diesel exhaust particles, characterized by high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content, constitute an important component of outdoor air pollution and is known to cause oxidative stress, and could therefore contribute to and exacerbate the effects of ROS in post-ischemic injury. hCMEC/D3 cells have been submitted to 48h treatment with diesel exhaust particles (25μg/ml and 50μg/ml, DEP50) or alternatively to 3h of oxygen and glucose deprivation, followed by 1h of oxygen and glucose restoration. The combined treatment consisted in 48h of diesel exhaust particles (25μg/ml and 50μg/ml, DEP50) followed by 3h of oxygen and glucose deprivation and 1h of restoration. A panel of markers related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, such as transcription factors (Nrf2 and HIF-1α), anti-oxidant proteins (HO-1, SOD-1, Hsp70) and proteins potentially inducing further oxidative-stress or inflammation (Cyp1b1, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, VEGF), have been examined. Data obtained showed that diesel exhaust particles and oxygen and glucose deprivation treatments alone elicited the antioxidants response, each by means of a different transcription factor, while the combined treatment led to a dysregulation of the antioxidant response during ischemic injury reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Farina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
| | - Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Brambilla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Milani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Polaris Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Asensio-Sánchez VM. SD-OCT findings in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 91:23-6. [PMID: 26621225 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to characterise and locate the PCV lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 15 eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with PCV were examined. All eyes were imaged with macular SD-OCT. RESULTS SD-OCT cross-sectional scan findings included atypical and typical pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs). Polyps and neovascularisation were located above Bruch membrane. All 15 eyes (100%) showed sub-retinal fluid (SRF) in association with PEDs. CONCLUSION These SD-OCT findings located the vascular lesions of PCV in the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) space, and strongly suggest that PCV is a variant of type 1 neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Asensio-Sánchez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España.
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Zare Jeddi M, Rastkari N, Ahmadkhaniha R, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Daryabeygi R. A margin of exposure approach to assessment of non-cancerous risk of diethyl phthalate based on human exposure from bottled water consumption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:19518-19528. [PMID: 26263883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates may be present in food due to their widespread presence as environmental contaminants or due to migration from food contact materials. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Therefore, determining the main source of exposure is an important issue. So, the purpose of this study was (1) to measure the release of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in bottled water consumed in common storage conditions specially low temperature and freezing conditions; (2) to evaluate the intake of DEP from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water and health risk assessment; and (3) to assess the contribution of the bottled water to the DEP intake against the tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. DEP migration was investigated in six brands of PET-bottled water under different storage conditions room temperature, refrigerator temperature, freezing conditions (40 °C ,0 °C and -18 °C) and outdoor] at various time intervals by magnetic solid extraction (MSPE) using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Eventually, a health risk assessment was conducted and the margin of exposure (MOE) was calculated. The results indicate that contact time with packaging and storage temperatures caused DEP to be released into water from PET bottles. But, when comprising the DEP concentration with initial level, the results demonstrated that the release of phthalates were not substantial in all storage conditions especially at low temperatures (<25 °C) and freezing conditions. The daily intake of DEP from bottled water was much lower than the reference value. However, the lowest MOE was estimated for high water consumers (preschooler > children > lactating women > teenagers > adults > pregnant women), but in all target groups, the MOE was much higher than 1000, thus, low risk is implied. Consequently, PET-bottled water is not a major source of human exposure to DEP and from this perspective is safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour sina St., Enqelab Sq., Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
- Center for water qualities Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour sina St., Enqelab Sq., Tehran, 1417653761, Iran.
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour sina St., Enqelab Sq., Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Reza Daryabeygi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Seriani R, Junqueira MDS, de Toledo AC, Martins MA, Seckler M, Alencar AM, Negri EM, Silva LFF, Mauad T, Saldiva PHN, Macchione M. Diesel exhaust particulates affect cell signaling, mucin profiles, and apoptosis in trachea explants of Balb/C mice. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:1297-1308. [PMID: 24777914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter from diesel exhaust (DEP) has toxic properties and can activate intracellular signaling pathways and induce metabolic changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and to analyze the mucin profile (acid (AB(+) ), neutral (PAS(+) ), or mixed (AB/PAS(+) ) mucus) and vacuolization (V) of tracheal explants after treatment with 50 or 100 μg/mL DEP for 30 or 60 min. Western blot analyses showed small increases in ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation after 30 min of 100 μg/mL DEP treatment compared with the control. An increase in JNK phosphorylation was observed after 60 min of treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP compared with the control. We did not observe any change in the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP. Other groups of tracheas were subjected to histological sectioning and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent and Alcian Blue (AB). The stained tissue sections were then subjected to morphometric analysis. The results obtained were compared using ANOVA. Treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP for 30 min or 60 min showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the amount of acid mucus, a reduction in neutral mucus, a significant reduction in mixed mucus, and greater vacuolization. Our results suggest that compounds found in DEPs are able to activate acid mucus production and enhance vacuolization and cell signaling pathways, which can lead to airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Seriani
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Central Biotery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Seckler
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mesquita Alencar
- Department of General Physics - Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elnara Marcia Negri
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mansouri L, Sabelfeld M, Geissen SU, Bousselmi L. Catalysed ozonation for removal of an endocrine-disrupting compound using the O3/Fenton reagents system. Environ Technol 2015; 36:1721-1730. [PMID: 25609021 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1008054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of diethyl phthalate (DEP) were oxidized by using ozone combined with Fenton reagents. The effects of operating parameters such as initial pH; initial concentration of DEP, H2O2 and Fe2+; [H2O2]0/[Fe2+]0 ratio and O3 dosage on the degradation rates of DEP were investigated. The results showed that DEP degradation is strongly dependant on the pH; initial concentrations of the phthalate, H2O2 and Fe2+; [H2O2]0/[Fe2+]0 ratio and O3 dosage. The addition of H2O2 and Fe2+ ions was effective to achieve almost 98% degradation of 200 mg L(-1) of DEP in about 40 min using a dose of O3=45 g m(-3) NTP; [H2O2]0=2.5×10(-2) mol L(-1) and [Fe(II)]0=5×10(-3) mol L(-1), as compared to over 60 min by using O3 and Fenton processes applied separately. DEP degradation followed apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics under ozonation, Fenton's reagents oxidation and the combined ozonation/Fenton reagents oxidation process. The overall reaction rates were significantly enhanced in the O3/Fe2+/H2O2 oxidation system, and allows achieving 100% degradation of DEP (100 mg L(-1)) in 30 min of reaction time. The notable decrease in DEP removal rate observed in the presence of a radical scavenger indicates that there was an obvious synergetic effect in the combined ozonation/Fenton reagent process most likely because ozonation could accelerate Fenton reagents to generate hydroxyl radical HO•. Thus, the reaction between DEP and HO• proceeds mainly in the bulk of the aqueous phase. Under optimal conditions, the O3/Fe2+/H2O2 system oxidation was the most effective in DEP removal in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Mansouri
- a Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux , CERTE Technopole Borj Cédria, BP 273, Soliman 8020 , Tunisie
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Abstract
This article describes a performance assessment of three optical methods, a Magee Scientific OT21 Transmissometer, a Hach-Lange Microcolor II difference gloss meter, and a combination of an office scanner with Adobe Photoshop software. The optical methods measure filter staining as a proxy for elemental carbon in diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure assessment and the suitability of each as a replacement for the existing Bosch meter optical method. Filters loaded with DEP were produced from air in a non-coal mine and the exhaust gases from a mobile crane. These were measured with each apparatus and then by combustion to obtain a reference elemental carbon value. The results from each apparatus were then plotted against both the Bosch number and reference elemental carbon values. The equations of the best fit lines for these plots were derived, and these gave functions for elemental carbon and Bosch number from the output of each new optical method. For each optical method, the range of DEP loadings which can be measured has been determined, and conversion equations for elemental carbon and Bosch number have been obtained. All three optical methods studied will effectively quantify blackness as a measure of elemental carbon. Of these the Magee Scientific OT21 transmissometer has the best performance. The Microcolor II and scanner/photoshop methods will in addition allow conversion to Bosch number which may be useful if historical Bosch data are available and functions for this are described. The scanner/photoshop method demonstrates a technique to obtain measurements of DEP exposure without the need to purchase specialized instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Forder
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Health Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill Industrial Estate, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK
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40
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Ait Bamai Y, Araki A, Kawai T, Tsuboi T, Saito I, Yoshioka E, Kanazawa A, Tajima S, Shi C, Tamakoshi A, Kishi R. Associations of phthalate concentrations in floor dust and multi-surface dust with the interior materials in Japanese dwellings. Sci Total Environ 2014; 468-469:147-57. [PMID: 24012901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in numerous products. However, there has been some concern about the various effects they may have on human health. Thus, household phthalate levels are an important public health issue. While many studies have assessed phthalate levels in house dust, the association of these levels with building characteristics has scarcely been examined. The present study investigated phthalate levels in house dust samples collected from the living areas of homes, and examined associations between these phthalate levels and the interior materials. Dust was collected from two portions of the living area: floor dust from the entire floor surface, and multi-surface dust from objects more than 35 cm above the floor. The levels of seven phthalates were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode. Phthalate levels were higher in multi-surface dust than in floor dust. Among floor dust samples, those from dwellings with compressed wooden flooring had significantly higher levels of di-iso-butyl phthalate compared to those with other floor materials, while polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring was associated with higher di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) levels. Among multi-surface dust samples, higher levels of DEHP and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) were found in samples from homes with PVC wallpaper than without. The number of PVC interior materials was significantly positively correlated with the levels of DEHP and DINP in multi-surface dust. The phthalate levels in multi-surface dust were associated with the interior surface materials, and those in floor dust were directly related to the flooring materials. Our findings show that when using house dust as an exposure assessment, it is very important to note where the samples were collected from. The present report provides useful information about the association between phthalates and dust inside dwellings, which will assist with establishing public health provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ait Bamai
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Jung KH, Perzanowski M, Rundle A, Moors K, Yan B, Chillrud SN, Whyatt R, Camann D, Perera FP, Miller RL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, obesity and childhood asthma in an urban cohort. Environ Res 2014; 128:35-41. [PMID: 24407477 PMCID: PMC3912566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic emissions and other combustion sources, and childhood obesity, have been implicated as risk factors for developing asthma. However, the interaction between these two on asthma among young urban children has not been studied previously. METHODS Exposure to early childhood PAHs was measured by two week residential indoor monitoring at age 5-6 years in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health birth cohort (n=311). Semivolatile [e.g., methylphenanthrenes] and nonvolatile [e.g., benzo(a)pyrene] PAHs were monitored. Obesity at age 5 was defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the year 2000 age- and sex-specific growth charts (Center for Disease Control). Current asthma and recent wheeze at ages 5 and 7 were determined by validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a modified Poisson regression in generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate relative risks (RR), after adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS Neither PAH concentrations or obesity had a main effect on asthma or recent wheeze. In models stratified by presence/absence of obesity, a significant positive association was observed between an interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log-transformed 1-methylphenanthrene (RR [95% CI]: 2.62 [1.17-5.88] with IQRln=0.76), and 9-methylphenanthrene (2.92 [1.09-7.82] with IQRln=0.73) concentrations and asthma in obese children (n=63). No association in non-obese (n=248) children was observed at age 5 (Pinteraction<0.03). Similar associations were observed for 3-methylphenanthrene, 9-methylphenanthrene, and 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene at age 7. CONCLUSIONS Obese young children may be more likely to develop asthma in association with greater exposure to PAHs, and methylphenanthrenes in particular, than non-obese children.
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Key Words
- 2-methylphenanthrene (2Meph)
- 3-methylphenanthrene (3Meph), 9-methylphenanthrene (9Meph), 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (1,7DMeph), 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (3,6DMeph), and pyrene
- ACQ
- Asthma
- Asthma Control Questionnaire
- BC
- BMI
- BRQ
- Brief Respiratory Questionnaire
- CCCEH
- Childhood obesity
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health
- DEP
- Diesel Exhaust Particle
- EC
- ER
- ETS
- Emergency Room
- FEV(1)
- ICS
- IQR
- ISAAC
- International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
- Methylphenanthrenes
- NO(2)
- NYC
- New York City
- Nonatopic children
- PAH
- PM
- PUF
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Polyurethane Foam
- RR
- benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA)
- benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP)
- black carbon
- body mass index
- elemental carbon
- environmental tobacco smoke
- forced expiratory volume in 1s
- inhaled corticosteroids
- interquartile range
- nitrogen dioxide
- particulate matter
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- relative risk
- sum of 8 high molecular-weight-PAH≥228, including benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene/iso-chrysene (Chry)
- sum of 8 low molecular-weight-PAH≤206, including phenanthrene (Phe), 1-methylphenanthrene (1Meph)
- ∑(8)PAH(nonvolatile)
- ∑(8)PAH(semivolatile)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Jung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Matthew Perzanowski
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Kathleen Moors
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt, 9W Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt, 9W Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
| | - Robin Whyatt
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - David Camann
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, United States.
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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Wang IJ, Lin CC, Lin YJ, Hsieh WS, Chen PC. Early life phthalate exposure and atopic disorders in children: a prospective birth cohort study. Environ Int 2014; 62:48-54. [PMID: 24161446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of phthalate exposure at different stages in the immune system and atopic disorders is not well-known. This study aims to evaluate the effects of prenatal and postnatal phthalate exposures on immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children by objective biomarkers. We conducted a prospective Taiwan Birth Panel cohort study with 483 mother/infant pairs. Finally, 161 urine specimens at 3rd trimester of pregnancy, 219 urine specimens from children at age 2, and 192 urine specimens at age 5 were analyzed after excluding missing data and loss to follow-up. Urine monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) at 3rd trimester of pregnancy and at ages 2 and 5 were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. At ages 2 and 5, information on the development of AD and serum total IgE was collected. The association between urine phthalate metabolite levels at different stages and serum IgE and AD was evaluated by multivariate linear regression and logistic regression. Urine phthalate metabolite levels were higher at age 2 than those at pregnancy and age 5. At each period, urine MBP levels were higher than MEP, MEHP, and MBzP. MEHP levels at age 2 positively correlated with serum IgE levels (per ln-unit: β=0.191, p=0.02). Analyses stratified by gender revealed that MEHP levels positively correlated with serum IgE levels only in boys (per ln-unit: β=0.256, p=0.03). When dividing into quartiles, urine MBzP levels at age 2 had a significant association with AD. We found no statistically significant association of other phthalate metabolites with IgE and AD. Early life phthalate exposure may increase the risk of allergic sensitization and atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world, and rice tillering and panicle branching are important traits determining grain yield. Since the gene MONOCULM 1 (MOC 1) was first characterized as a key regulator in controlling rice tillering and branching, great progress has been achieved in identifying important genes associated with grain yield, elucidating the genetic basis of yield-related traits. Some of these important genes were shown to be applicable for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice. This review focuses on recent advances, with emphasis on rice tillering and panicle branching genes, and their regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hong Liang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Jianshe Rd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, University of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Fei Shang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Jianshe Rd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Qun-ting Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Jianshe Rd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Chen Lou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Jianshe Rd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Jianshe Rd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
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Aditya N, Vathsala P, Vieira V, Murthy R, Souto E. Advances in nanomedicines for malaria treatment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:1-17. [PMID: 24192063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease that mainly affects children and pregnant women from tropical countries. The mortality rate of people infected with malaria per year is enormous and became a public health concern. The main factor that has contributed to the success of malaria proliferation is the increased number of drug resistant parasites. To counteract this trend, research has been done in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, for the development of new biocompatible systems capable of incorporating drugs, lowering the resistance progress, contributing for diagnosis, control and treatment of malaria by target delivery. In this review, we discussed the main problems associated with the spread of malaria and the most recent developments in nanomedicine for anti-malarial drug delivery.
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Lewis RC, Meeker JD, Peterson KE, Lee JM, Pace GG, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM. Predictors of urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations in Mexican children. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2390-8. [PMID: 24041567 PMCID: PMC3818401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is prevalent among children and adolescents, but little is known regarding important sources of exposure at these sensitive life stages. In this study, we measured urinary concentrations of BPA and nine phthalate metabolites in 108 Mexican children aged 8-13 years. Associations of age, time of day, and questionnaire items on external environment, water use, and food container use with specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations were assessed, as were questionnaire items concerning the use of 17 personal care products in the past 48-h. As a secondary aim, third trimester urinary concentrations were measured in 99 mothers of these children, and the relationship between specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations at these two time points was explored. After adjusting for potential confounding by other personal care product use in the past 48-h, there were statistically significant (p<0.05) positive associations in boys for cologne/perfume use and monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and in girls for colored cosmetics use and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MEHHP, MEOHP, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), conditioner use and MEP, deodorant use and MEP, and other hair products use and MBP. There was a statistically significant positive trend for the number of personal care products used in the past 48-h and log-MEP in girls. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the analytes and the other questionnaire items and there were no strong correlations between the analytes measured during the third trimester and at 8-13 years of age. We demonstrated that personal care product use is associated with exposure to multiple phthalates in children. Due to rapid development, children may be susceptible to impacts from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals; thus, reduced or delayed use of certain personal care products among children may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Lewis
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Corresponding author: John D. Meeker, Sc.D., University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, M6017 SPH II, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, , telephone: 1.734.764.7184, fax: 1.734.936.7283
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce M. Lee
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nohynek GJ, Borgert CJ, Dietrich D, Rozman KK. Endocrine disruption: fact or urban legend? Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:295-305. [PMID: 24177261 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are substances that cause adverse health effects via endocrine-mediated mechanisms in an intact organism or its progeny or (sub) populations. Purported EDCs in personal care products include 4-MBC (UV filter) or parabens that showed oestrogenic activity in screening tests, although regulatory toxicity studies showed no adverse effects on reproductive endpoints. Hormonal potency is the key issue of the safety of EDCs. Oestrogen-based drugs, e.g. the contraceptive pill or the synthetic oestrogen DES, possess potencies up to 7 orders of magnitude higher than those of PCP ingredients; yet, in utero exposure to these drugs did not adversely affect fertility or sexual organ development of offspring unless exposed to extreme doses. Additive effects of EDs are unlikely due to the multitude of mechanisms how substances may produce a hormone-like activity; even after uptake of different substances with a similar mode of action, the possibility of additive effects is reduced by different absorption, metabolism and kinetics. This is supported by a number of studies on mixtures of chemical EDCs. Overall, despite of 20 years of research a human health risk from exposure to low concentrations of exogenous chemical substances with weak hormone-like activities remains an unproven and unlikely hypothesis.
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Chiang LL, Chen HC, Lee CN, Chuang KJ, Chen TT, Yeh CT, Wang LS, Lee WH, Lin LY, Tseng HE, Chuang HC. Serum protein oxidation by diesel exhaust particles: effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:385-93. [PMID: 24161433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence shows a key role for protein modification in the adverse effects of chemicals; however, the interaction of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) with proteins and the resulting biological activity remains unclear. DEP and carbon black (CB) suspensions with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to elucidate the biological effects of air pollutants. The DEP and CB samples were then divided into suspensions and supernatants. Two important goals of the interaction of DEP with BSA were as follows: (1) understanding BSA modification by particles and (2) investigating the effects of particles bound with BSA and the corresponding supernatants on cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. We observed significant free amino groups production was caused by DEP. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we observed that BSA was significantly oxidised by DEP in the supernatants and that the peptides ETYGDMADCCEK, MPCTEDYLSLILNR and TVMENFVAFVDK, derived BSA-DEP conjugates, were also oxidised. In A549 cells, DEP-BSA suspensions and the corresponding supernatants reduced 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels when compared to DEP solutions without BSA. Our findings suggest that oxidatively modified forms of BSA caused by DEP could lead to oxidative stress and the activation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Harouaka R, Kang Z, Zheng SY, Cao L. Circulating tumor cells: advances in isolation and analysis, and challenges for clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:209-21. [PMID: 24134902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cancer cells released from tumors into the bloodstream that are thought to have a key role in cancer metastasis. The presence of CTCs has been associated with worse prognosis in several major cancer types, including breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. There is considerable interest in CTC research and technologies for their potential use as cancer biomarkers that may enhance cancer diagnosis and prognosis, facilitate drug development, and improve the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides an update on recent progress in CTC isolation and molecular characterization technologies. Furthermore, the review covers significant advances and limitations in the clinical applications of CTC-based assays for cancer prognosis, response to anti-cancer therapies, and exploratory studies in biomarkers predictive of sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdane Harouaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhigang Kang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, De Roos AJ, Thompson ML, Scholes D, Dills R, Holt VL. Phthalates and risk of endometriosis. Environ Res 2013; 126:91-7. [PMID: 23890968 PMCID: PMC3905445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disruptive properties. The impact of these chemicals on endocrine-related disease in reproductive-age women is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and the risk of a hormonally-driven disease, endometriosis, in reproductive-age women. METHODS We used data from a population-based case-control study of endometriosis, conducted among female enrollees of a large healthcare system in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We measured urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations on incident, surgically-confirmed cases (n=92) diagnosed between 1996 and 2001 and population-based controls (n=195). Odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for urinary creatinine concentrations, age, and reference year. RESULTS The majority of women in our study had detectable concentrations of phthalate metabolites. We observed a strong inverse association between urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP) concentration and endometriosis risk, particularly when comparing the fourth and first MEHP quartiles (aOR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). Our data suggested an inverse association between endometriosis and urinary concentrations of other di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)) and ∑DEHP, however, the confidence intervals include the null. Our data also suggested increased endometriosis risk with greater urinary concentrations of mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), although the associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to select phthalates is ubiquitous among female enrollees of a large healthcare system in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The findings from our study suggest that phthalates may alter the risk of a hormonally-mediated disease among reproductive-age women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Brandt EB, Kovacic MB, Lee GB, Gibson AM, Acciani TH, Le Cras TD, Ryan PH, Budelsky AL, Khurana Hershey GK. Diesel exhaust particle induction of IL-17A contributes to severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1194-1204.e2. [PMID: 24060272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17A has been implicated in severe forms of asthma. However, the factors that promote IL-17A production during the pathogenesis of severe asthma remain undefined. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major component of traffic-related air pollution and are implicated in asthma pathogenesis and exacerbation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism by which DEP exposure affects asthma severity using human and mouse studies. METHODS BALB/c mice were challenged with DEPs with or without house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation and function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine levels, and flow cytometry of lung T cells were assessed. The effect of DEP exposure on the frequency of asthma symptoms and serum cytokine levels was determined in children with allergic asthma. RESULTS In mice exposure to DEPs alone did not induce asthma. DEP and HDM coexposure markedly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness compared with HDM exposure alone and generated a mixed T(H)2 and T(H)17 response, including IL-13(+)IL-17A(+) double-producing T cells. IL-17A neutralization prevented DEP-induced exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness. Among 235 high DEP-exposed children with allergic asthma, 32.2% had more frequent asthma symptoms over a 12-month period compared with only 14.2% in the low DEP-exposed group (P = .002). Additionally, high DEP-exposed children with allergic asthma had nearly 6 times higher serum IL-17A levels compared with low DEP-exposed children. CONCLUSIONS Expansion of T(H)17 cells contributes to DEP-mediated exacerbation of allergic asthma. Neutralization of IL-17A might be a useful potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the asthma-promoting effects of traffic-related air pollution, especially in highly exposed patients with severe allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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