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Filuta AL, Amezcua P, Ruff BP, Biagini JM, Kroner J, He H, Brandt EB, Martin LJ, Palumbo JS, Khurana Hershey GK, Sherenian MG. The key roles of thrombin and fibrinogen in human infant and mice atopic dermatitis models. Allergy 2024; 79:239-242. [PMID: 37646328 PMCID: PMC10840661 DOI: 10.1111/all.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Filuta
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Amezcua
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John Kroner
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael G Sherenian
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Brandt EB, Ruff BP, Filuta AL, Chang WC, Shik D, Hershey GKK. TSLP rather than IL33 drives food allergy following epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00285-3. [PMID: 36878383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major route of sensitization to food allergen is through an impaired skin barrier. IL33 and TSLP have both been implicated in epicutaneous sensitization and food allergy, albeit in different murine models. OBJECTIVE We assessed the respective contributions of TSLP and IL33 to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and subsequent food allergy in TSLP and IL33 receptor (ST2) deficient mice using an AD model that does not require tape stripping. METHOD TSLPR-/-, ST2-/- and BALB/cJ control mice were exposed to 3 weekly epicutaneous skin patches of either saline, OVA, or a combination of OVA and Aspergillus fumigatus (ASP), followed by repeated intragastric OVA challenges and development of food allergy. RESULTS ASP(+/-OVA)-patched, but not OVA-patched, BALB/cJ mice developed an AD-like skin phenotype. However, epicutaneous OVA sensitization occurred in OVA-patched mice and was decreased in ST2-/- mice resulting in lower intestinal mast cell degranulation, accumulation and OVA-induced diarrhea occurrences upon intragastric OVA challenges. In TSLPR-/- mice, intestinal MC accumulation was abrogated, and no diarrhea was observed. AD was significantly milder in OVA+ASP-patched TSLPR-/- mice compared to wild type and ST2-/- mice. Accordingly, intestinal mast cell accumulation and degranulation were impaired in OVA+ASP-patched TSLPR-/- mice compared to wild type and ST2-/- mice, protecting TSLPR-/- mice from developing allergic diarrhea. CONCLUSION Epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen and development of food allergy can occur without skin inflammation and is partly mediated by TSLP, suggesting that prophylactic targeting of TSLP may be useful in mitigating the development of atopic dermatitis and food allergy early in life in at-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Alyssa L Filuta
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Chang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Dana Shik
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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3
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Brandt EB, Bolcas PE, Shik D, Ruff BP, Hershey GKK. TSLP rather than IL-33 signaling drives intestinal mucosal mast accumulation and allergen-induced diarrhea in mice following epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.94.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
A major route of sensitization to food allergen is through an impaired skin barrier. IL33 and TSLP have both been implicated in epicutaneous sensitization and development of food allergy.
Method:
We assessed the respective contributions of TSLP and IL33 to the development of food allergy in TSLP and IL33 receptor deficient mice following epicutaneous food allergen sensitization, where mice were exposed to thrice weekly skin patches of either saline, OVA or a combination of OVA and Aspergillus fumigatus extract (ASP).
Results:
ASP+OVA-patched but not OVA-patched mice developed an atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin phenotype, while sensitization to OVA occurred in both OVA and OVA+ASP patched mice. OVA-specific IgE levels were significantly lower in OVA(±ASP)-patched TSLPR−/− mice compared to wild type mice and ST2−/− mice. Repeated intragastric challenges with 50mg of OVA, induced intestinal accumulation of mast cells but not ILC2s in OVA(±ASP)-patched WT and ST2−/− mice, and to a much lesser degree in TSLPR−/− mice. While OVA-induced mast cell degranulation assessed by measuring MCPT1 blood levels and the development of food allergy (diarrhea occurrences) was observed in almost all WT mice and two thirds of OVA+ASP patched ST2−/− mice, all TSLPR−/− mice were protected from developing food allergy and had significantly lower MCPT1 levels.
Conclusion:
Epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen and subsequent development of food allergy does not require atopic dermatitis skin lesions and is dependent on TSLP, suggesting that prophylactic targeting of TSLP may be useful in mitigating the development of food allergy early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Shik
- 1Cincinnati Children's Hosp. Med. Ctr
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4
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Bolcas PE, Brandt EB, Ruff BP, Kalra M, Khurana Hershey GK. Cysteamine prevents asthma development and reduces airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:2675-2677. [PMID: 32311100 DOI: 10.1111/all.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Brandy P. Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Mehak Kalra
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
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5
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Brandt EB, Bolcas PE, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. IL33 contributes to diesel pollution-mediated increase in experimental asthma severity. Allergy 2020; 75:2254-2266. [PMID: 31922608 DOI: 10.1111/all.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic pollution, notably diesel exhaust particles (DEP), increases risk for asthma and asthma exacerbations. The contribution of cytokines generated by stressed lung epithelial cells (IL25, IL33, TSLP) to DEP-induced asthma severity remains poorly understood. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed intratracheally once to DEP or 9 times over 3-weeks to either saline, DEP, and/or house dust mite extract (HDM). Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), pulmonary inflammation, and T-cell subsets were assessed 24 hours after the last exposure in mice sufficient and deficient for the IL33 receptor ST2. RESULTS DEP exposure induces oxidative stress, IL6, neutrophils and pulmonary accumulation of IL33, but not IL25 or TSLP or other features of allergic disease. When mice are co-exposed to DEP and low doses of HDM, DEP increases IL33 lung levels and Th2 responses. ST2 deficiency partially protected mice from HDM + DEP induced AHR in association with decreased type 2 inflammation and lung levels of IL5+ IL17A+ co-producing T-cells. Upon in vitro HDM challenge of lung cells from HDM ± DEP exposed ST2-/- mice, secretion of IL5, IL13, IL6 and IL17A was abrogated by a mechanism involving IL33 signaling in both dendritic cells and T-cells. HDM + DEP exposed bone marrow derived dendritic cells and IL33 pulsed BMDC promote a mixed Th2/Th17 response that was dependent on ST2 expression by CD4+ T-cells. CONCLUSION IL33 contributes to DEP mediated increase in allergen-induced Th2 inflammation and AHR in a mouse model of severe steroid resistant asthma, potentially through the accumulation of pathogenic IL5+ IL17A+ CD4+ effector T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Paige E. Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Brandy P. Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew F Beck
- Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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7
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Brandt EB, Bolcas PE, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. TSLP contributes to allergic airway inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particle exposure in an experimental model of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:121-124. [PMID: 31610053 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paige E Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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8
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Johansson H, Mersha TB, Brandt EB, Khurana Hershey GK. Interactions between environmental pollutants and genetic susceptibility in asthma risk. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:156-162. [PMID: 31470287 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is associated with enhanced risk of developing asthma, notably in the presence of genetic risk factors. Interaction analyses have shown that both outdoor and indoor air pollution interact with genetic variability to increase the incidence of asthma. In this review, we summarize recent progress in candidate gene-based studies, as well as genome-wide gene-air pollution interaction studies. Advances in epigenetics have provided evidence for DNA methylation as a mediator in gene-air pollution interactions. Emerging strategies for study design and statistical analyses may improve power in future studies. Improved air pollution exposure assessment methods and asthma endo-typing can also be expected to increase the ability to detect biologically driven gene-air pollution interaction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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9
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Brandt EB, Lewkowich IP. RAGE-induced asthma: A role for the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in promoting allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:651-653. [PMID: 31251951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Ian P Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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10
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Burleson JD, Siniard D, Yadagiri VK, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Ruff BP, Brandt EB, Hershey GKK, Ji H. TET1 contributes to allergic airway inflammation and regulates interferon and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways in bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7361. [PMID: 31089182 PMCID: PMC6517446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a role for Tet1 in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. However, how Tet1 contributes to asthma remains unknown. Here we used mice deficient for Tet1 in a well-established model of allergic airway inflammation and demonstrated that loss of Tet1 increased disease severity including airway hyperresponsiveness and lung eosinophilia. Increased expression of Muc5ac, Il13, Il33, Il17a, Egfr, and Tff2 were observed in HDM-challenged Tet1-deficient mice compared to Tet1+/+ littermates. Further, transcriptomic analysis of lung RNA followed by pathway and protein network analysis showed that the IFN signaling pathway was significantly upregulated and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway was significantly downregulated in HDM-challenged Tet1-/- mice. This transcriptional regulation of the IFN and AhR pathways by Tet1 was also present in human bronchial epithelial cells at base line and following HDM challenges. Genes in these pathways were further associated with changes in DNA methylation, predicted binding of transcriptional factors with relevant functions in their promoters, and the presence of histone marks generated by histone enzymes that are known to interact with Tet1. Collectively, our data suggest that Tet1 inhibits HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation by direct regulation of the IFN and AhR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Burleson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dylan Siniard
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Veda K Yadagiri
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. .,California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
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11
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Brokamp C, Brandt EB, Ryan PH. Assessing exposure to outdoor air pollution for epidemiological studies: Model-based and personal sampling strategies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2002-2006. [PMID: 31063735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have found air pollution to be causally linked to respiratory health including the exacerbation and development of childhood asthma. Accurately characterizing exposure is paramount in these studies to ensure valid estimates of health effects. Here, we provide a brief overview of the evolution of air pollution exposure assessment ranging from the use of ground-based, single-site air monitoring stations for population-level estimates to recent advances in spatiotemporal models, which use advanced machine learning algorithms and satellite-based data to accurately estimate individual-level daily exposures at high spatial resolutions. In addition, we review recent advances in sensor technology that enable the use of personal monitoring in epidemiologic studies, long-considered the "holy grail" of air pollution exposure assessment. Finally, we highlight key advantages and uses of each approach including the generalizability and public health relevance of air pollution models and the accuracy of personal monitors that are useful to guide personalized prevention strategies. Investigators and clinicians interested in the effects of air pollution on allergic disease and asthma should carefully consider the pros and cons of each approach to guide their application in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Brokamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Murrison LB, Brandt EB, Myers JB, Hershey GKK. Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1504-1515. [PMID: 30741719 DOI: 10.1172/jci124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Research shows an association between the rise of allergic diseases and increasingly modern Westernized lifestyles, which are characterized by increased urbanization, time spent indoors, and antibiotic usage. These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. It is increasingly recognized that the timing, load, and route of allergen exposure affect allergic disease phenotypes and development. Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bronner Murrison
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Brandt EB, Bolcas PE, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. IL33 contributes to diesel pollution-induced increase in experimental asthma severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Zhang X, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Zhang X, Burleson JD, Brandt EB, Ji H. Diesel exhaust and house dust mite allergen lead to common changes in the airway methylome and hydroxymethylome. Environ Epigenet 2018; 4:dvy020. [PMID: 30090644 PMCID: PMC6063278 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from traffic and house dust mite (HDM) allergens significantly increase risks of airway diseases, including asthma. This negative impact of DEP and HDM may in part be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Beyond functioning as a mechanical barrier, airway epithelial cells provide the first line of immune defense towards DEP and HDM exposures. To understand the epigenetic responses of airway epithelial cells to these exposures, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to DEP and HDM and studied genome-wide 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) at base resolution. We found that exposures to DEP and HDM result in elevated TET1 and DNMT1 expression, associated with 5mC and 5hmC changes. Interestingly, over 20% of CpG sites are responsive to both exposures and changes in 5mC at these sites negatively correlated with gene expression differences. These 5mC and 5hmC changes are located in genes and pathways related to oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses and are enriched for binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) involved in these pathways. Histone marks associated with promoters, enhancers and actively transcribed gene bodies were associated with exposure-induced DNA methylation changes. Collectively, our data suggest that exposures to DEP and HDM alter 5mC and 5hmC levels at regulatory regions bound by TFs, which coordinate with histone marks to regulate gene networks of oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses. These observations provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate the epithelial responses to DEP and HDM in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Pyrosequencing Lab for Genomic and Epigenomic Research
- Division of Human Genetics
| | | | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Genomics, Epigenomics and Sequencing Core, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J D Burleson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Pyrosequencing Lab for Genomic and Epigenomic Research
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bolcas PE, Brandt EB, Zhang Z, Biagini Myers JM, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates asthma development following traffic-related particulate matter exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:386-394.e3. [PMID: 29936100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature suggests that children who are vitamin D deficient are uniquely susceptible to the effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure. This is highly significant because large segments of the population reside in zones of high TRAP exposure. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether vitamin D supplementation mitigates the effect of TRAP exposure on asthma development, asthma exacerbation, and/or airway inflammation and to determine the timing of vitamin D supplementation that confers maximal health benefit. METHODS Using established mouse models of asthma, we examined the effect of prenatal and postnatal vitamin D supplementation on asthma development, as well as the utility of vitamin D as a treatment for established asthma in the context of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure. RESULTS DEP and allergen coexposure resulted in increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and accumulation of pathogenic TH2/TH17 cells in the lungs of vitamin D-deficient mice compared with control mice. Prenatal and postnatal vitamin D supplementation significantly attenuated the development of AHR and decreased pulmonary accumulation of TH2/TH17 cells after coexposure to TRAP and allergen but not to allergen alone. Restoration of normal vitamin D status had no effect on AHR once asthma was already established. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish that vitamin D confers protection against asthma development specifically in the context of TRAP exposure. Although vitamin D replacement did not reverse established asthma, restoration of normal vitamin D status in early life significantly attenuated the development of AHR in the setting of DEP-exacerbated allergic asthma and reduced numbers of lung TH2/TH17 cells, which portend the development of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Brandt EB, Bolcas PE, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. IL33 signaling contributes to diesel exhaust particles-induced asthma exacerbations by promoting innate and adaptive type 2 and type 17 responses. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.44.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale
Exposure to traffic pollution, notably diesel exhaust particles (DEP), promote asthma exacerbations and a mixed Th2/Th17 response. The contribution of TSLP and IL33, generated by sressed lung epithelial cells, to DEP-induced asthma exacerbations remains poorly understood.
Method
We used TSLP receptor deficient mice, mice lacking the IL33 receptor (ST2) and Balb/c control mice and exposed them 9 times over a 3-week period to saline, house dust mite extract (HDM; 10ug) and/or DEP (100ug). Seven weeks later some mice received a single HDM challenge to assess memory responses. Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), BALF inflammation and lung T-cells and ILC subsets were assessed after primary and recall responses.
Results
DEP co-exposure with HDM exacerbates HDM-induced AHR and Th2 responses. AHR was similar between TSLPR deficient mice and control mice exposed to HDM+DEP. In contrast, AHR was significantly decreased in ST2-deficient mice compared to wild type mice. The impact of ST2 deficiency on lung accumulation of ILC2 and Th2 cells was modest. Following HDM+DEP co-exposures, decreases in ILC3, γδ T-cells and Th17 cells were observed in the lungs of ST2 deficient mice compared to control mice. The in vivo HDM recall response recapitulated the impaired AHR associated with decreases in IL17A secreting cells observed after the primary response in HDM+DEP exposed ST2 deficient mice. Finally, a decrease in lung levels of pathogenic IL5/IL13/IL17A producing CD4+ T-cells was observed after the primary and recall responses.
Conclusions
IL33 but not TSLP contributes to DEP-induced asthma exacerbations by affecting the accumulation of innate and adaptive type 2 and type 17 cells, notably pathogenic Th2/Th17 cells.
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Bolcas PE, Brandt EB, Zhang Z, Biagini Myers JM, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. Vitamin D Supplementation Attenuates Asthma Development Following Traffic-Related Particulate Matter Exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Giridhar PV, Bell SM, Sridharan A, Rajavelu P, Kitzmiller JA, Na CL, Kofron M, Brandt EB, Ericksen M, Naren AP, Moon C, Khurana Hershey GK, Whitsett JA. Airway Epithelial KIF3A Regulates Th2 Responses to Aeroallergens. J Immunol 2016; 197:4228-4239. [PMID: 27794000 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KIF3A, the gene encoding kinesin family member 3A, is a susceptibility gene locus associated with asthma; however, mechanisms by which KIF3A might influence the pathogenesis of the disorder are unknown. In this study, we deleted the mouse Kif3a gene in airway epithelial cells. Both homozygous and heterozygous Kif3a gene-deleted mice were highly susceptible to aeroallergens from Aspergillus fumigatus and the house dust mite, resulting in an asthma-like pathology characterized by increased goblet cell metaplasia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th2-mediated inflammation. Deletion of the Kif3a gene increased the severity of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and expression of cytokines (Il-4, Il-13, and Il-17a) and chemokine (Ccl11) RNAs following pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus extract. Inhibition of Kif3a disrupted the structure of motile cilia and impaired mucociliary clearance, barrier function, and epithelial repair, demonstrating additional mechanisms by which deficiency of KIF3A in respiratory epithelial cells contributes to pulmonary pathology. Airway epithelial KIF3A suppresses Th2 pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness following aeroallergen exposure, implicating epithelial microtubular functions in the pathogenesis of Th2-mediated lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Vummidi Giridhar
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sheila M Bell
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Priya Rajavelu
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Joseph A Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Mark Ericksen
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Changsuk Moon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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Ji H, Biagini Myers JM, Brandt EB, Brokamp C, Ryan PH, Khurana Hershey GK. Air pollution, epigenetics, and asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12:51. [PMID: 27777592 PMCID: PMC5069789 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been implicated in asthma development, persistence, and exacerbation. This exposure is highly significant as large segments of the global population resides in zones that are most impacted by TRAP and schools are often located in high TRAP exposure areas. Recent findings shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms by which exposure to traffic pollution may contribute to the development and persistence of asthma. In order to delineate TRAP induced effects on the epigenome, utilization of newly available innovative methods to assess and quantify traffic pollution will be needed to accurately quantify exposure. This review will summarize the most recent findings in each of these areas. Although there is considerable evidence that TRAP plays a role in asthma, heterogeneity in both the definitions of TRAP exposure and asthma outcomes has led to confusion in the field. Novel information regarding molecular characterization of asthma phenotypes, TRAP exposure assessment methods, and epigenetics are revolutionizing the field. Application of these new findings will accelerate the field and the development of new strategies for interventions to combat TRAP-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ; Pyrosequencing lab for Genomic and Epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
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Brandt EB, Khurana Hershey GK. A combination of dexamethasone and anti-IL-17A treatment can alleviate diesel exhaust particle-induced steroid insensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:924-928.e2. [PMID: 27264458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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21
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Zhang Z, Biagini Myers JM, Brandt EB, Ryan PH, Lindsey M, Mintz-Cole RA, Reponen T, Vesper SJ, Forde F, Ruff B, Bass SA, LeMasters GK, Bernstein DI, Lockey J, Budelsky AL, Khurana Hershey GK. β-Glucan exacerbates allergic asthma independent of fungal sensitization and promotes steroid-resistant T H2/T H17 responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:54-65.e8. [PMID: 27221135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization to fungi has been associated with asthma severity. As a result, it has been largely assumed that the contribution of fungi to allergic disease is mediated through their potent antigenicity. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism by which fungi affect asthma development and severity. METHODS We integrated epidemiologic and experimental asthma models to explore the effect of fungal exposure on asthma development and severity. RESULTS We report that fungal exposure enhances allergen-driven TH2 responses, promoting severe allergic asthma. This effect is independent of fungal sensitization and can be reconstituted with β-glucan and abrogated by neutralization of IL-17A. Furthermore, this severe asthma is resistant to steroids and characterized by mixed TH2 and TH17 responses, including IL-13+IL-17+CD4+ double-producing effector T cells. Steroid resistance is dependent on fungus-induced TH17 responses because steroid sensitivity was restored in IL-17rc-/- mice. Similarly, in children with asthma, fungal exposure was associated with increased serum IL-17A levels and asthma severity. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that fungi are potent immunomodulators and have powerful effects on asthma independent of their potential to act as antigens. Furthermore, our results provide a strong rationale for combination treatment strategies targeting IL-17A for this subgroup of fungus-exposed patients with difficult-to-treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Lindsey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachael A Mintz-Cole
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Frank Forde
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stacey A Bass
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Grace K LeMasters
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Lockey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Eiymo Mwa Mpollo MS, Brandt EB, Shanmukhappa SK, Arumugam PI, Tiwari S, Loberg A, Pillis D, Rizvi T, Lindsey M, Jonck B, Carmeliet P, Kalra VK, Le Cras TD, Ratner N, Wills-Karp M, Hershey GKK, Malik P. Placenta growth factor augments airway hyperresponsiveness via leukotrienes and IL-13. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:571-84. [PMID: 26690703 DOI: 10.1172/jci77250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) affects 55%-77% of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and occurs even in the absence of asthma. While asthma increases SCD morbidity and mortality, the mechanisms underlying the high AHR prevalence in a hemoglobinopathy remain unknown. We hypothesized that placenta growth factor (PlGF), an erythroblast-secreted factor that is elevated in SCD, mediates AHR. In allergen-exposed mice, loss of Plgf dampened AHR, reduced inflammation and eosinophilia, and decreased expression of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and the leukotriene-synthesizing enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene-C4-synthase. Plgf-/- mice treated with leukotrienes phenocopied the WT response to allergen exposure; conversely, anti-PlGF Ab administration in WT animals blunted the AHR. Notably, Th2-mediated STAT6 activation further increased PlGF expression from lung epithelium, eosinophils, and macrophages, creating a PlGF/leukotriene/Th2-response positive feedback loop. Similarly, we found that the Th2 response in asthma patients is associated with increased expression of PlGF and its downstream genes in respiratory epithelial cells. In an SCD mouse model, we observed increased AHR and higher leukotriene levels that were abrogated by anti-PlGF Ab or the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton. Overall, our findings indicate that PlGF exacerbates AHR and uniquely links the leukotriene and Th2 pathways in asthma. These data also suggest that zileuton and anti-PlGF Ab could be promising therapies to reduce pulmonary morbidity in SCD.
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Brandt EB, Biagini Myers JM, Acciani TH, Ryan PH, Sivaprasad U, Ruff B, LeMasters GK, Bernstein DI, Lockey JE, LeCras TD, Khurana Hershey GK. Exposure to allergen and diesel exhaust particles potentiates secondary allergen-specific memory responses, promoting asthma susceptibility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:295-303.e7. [PMID: 25748065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic pollution particulate matter, predominantly diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), increases the risk of asthma and asthma exacerbation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of DEP exposure on the generation and persistence of allergen-specific memory T cells in asthmatic patients and translate these findings by determining the effect of early DEP exposure on the prevalence of allergic asthma in children. METHODS The effect of DEPs on house dust mite (HDM)-specific memory responses was determined by using an asthma model. Data from children enrolled in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study birth cohort were analyzed to determine the effect of DEP exposure on asthma outcomes. RESULTS DEP coexposure with HDM resulted in persistent TH2/TH17 CD127(+) effector/memory cells in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes of adult and neonatal mice. After 7 weeks of rest, a single exposure to HDM resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness and increased TH2 cytokine levels in mice that had been previously exposed to both HDM and DEPs versus those exposed to HDM alone. On the basis of these data, we examined whether DEP exposure was similarly associated with increased asthma prevalence in children in the presence or absence of allergen exposure/sensitization in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study birth cohort. Early-life exposure to high DEP levels was associated with significantly increased asthma prevalence among allergic children but not among nonallergic children. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that DEP exposure results in accumulation of allergen-specific TH2/TH17 cells in the lungs, potentiating secondary allergen recall responses and promoting the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas H Acciani
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Grace K LeMasters
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James E Lockey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy D LeCras
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Acciani TH, Brandt EB, Khurana Hershey GK, Le Cras TD. Diesel exhaust particle exposure increases severity of allergic asthma in young mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1406-18. [PMID: 24112543 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure, allergic sensitization, and childhood wheezing, although the mechanisms remain unclear. While DEP is known to augment allergic responses in adult animal models, its effects on sensitization and asthma severity in young animals is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of different doses of DEP and allergen co-exposure on allergic sensitization and asthma characteristics in young mice, and whether Th17 as well as Th2 responses are induced. METHODS Lungs of 3-week-old wild-type Balb/c mice were exposed by pharyngeal aspiration nine times over 3 weeks to DEP at 1.2 or 6.0 mg/kg body weight, house dust mite (HDM) at 0.8, 1.2 or 6.0 mg/kg of DEP in combination with HDM, or the same volume (50 μL) of 0.9% sterile saline. RESULTS In young mice, exposure to 1.2 mg/kg of DEP caused no detectable lung inflammation, but 6.0 mg/kg of DEP induced neutrophilic influx. Compared to HDM or DEP alone, mice exposed to either dose of DEP together with HDM demonstrated increased allergen-specific IgE, lung inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell metaplasia, Th2/Th17 cytokines, dendritic cells, activated T cells, effector T cells, and IL-17(pos) and IL-13(pos) /IL-17A(pos) T effector cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In young mice, co-exposure to DEP and HDM together exacerbated allergic sensitization and induced key characteristics of more severe asthma, including IL-17A, IL-17(pos) and IL-13(pos) /IL-17A(pos) T effector cells. While exposure to 1.2 mg/kg DEP alone caused no detectable changes, it did exacerbate allergic sensitization and asthma characteristics to a similar degree as a five-fold higher dose of DEP. This study demonstrates that exposure to DEP, even at a dose that alone causes no inflammation, exacerbates allergic asthma in young animals and suggests the importance of preventive measures to reduce the exposure of children to traffic related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Acciani
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Brandt EB, Ryan PH, Khurana Hershey GK. Reply: To PMID 24060272. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1496-7. [PMID: 24636093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Brandt EB, Kovacic MB, Lee GB, Gibson AM, Acciani TH, Le Cras TD, Ryan PH, Budelsky AL, Khurana Hershey GK. Diesel exhaust particle induction of IL-17A contributes to severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1194-1204.e2. [PMID: 24060272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17A has been implicated in severe forms of asthma. However, the factors that promote IL-17A production during the pathogenesis of severe asthma remain undefined. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major component of traffic-related air pollution and are implicated in asthma pathogenesis and exacerbation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism by which DEP exposure affects asthma severity using human and mouse studies. METHODS BALB/c mice were challenged with DEPs with or without house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation and function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine levels, and flow cytometry of lung T cells were assessed. The effect of DEP exposure on the frequency of asthma symptoms and serum cytokine levels was determined in children with allergic asthma. RESULTS In mice exposure to DEPs alone did not induce asthma. DEP and HDM coexposure markedly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness compared with HDM exposure alone and generated a mixed T(H)2 and T(H)17 response, including IL-13(+)IL-17A(+) double-producing T cells. IL-17A neutralization prevented DEP-induced exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness. Among 235 high DEP-exposed children with allergic asthma, 32.2% had more frequent asthma symptoms over a 12-month period compared with only 14.2% in the low DEP-exposed group (P = .002). Additionally, high DEP-exposed children with allergic asthma had nearly 6 times higher serum IL-17A levels compared with low DEP-exposed children. CONCLUSIONS Expansion of T(H)17 cells contributes to DEP-mediated exacerbation of allergic asthma. Neutralization of IL-17A might be a useful potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the asthma-promoting effects of traffic-related air pollution, especially in highly exposed patients with severe allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Brandt EB, Gibson AM, Bass S, Rydyznski C, Khurana Hershey GK. Exacerbation of allergen-induced eczema in TLR4- and TRIF-deficient mice. J Immunol 2013; 191:3519-25. [PMID: 23997219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite its presence on resident skin cells, the role of TLR4 in skin diseases remains poorly understood. This is highly significant because the skin biome is rich with potential TLR4 agonists. We aimed to establish the contribution of TLR4 to atopic dermatitis and determine the mechanism by which TLR4 acts in an experimental model of atopic dermatitis. MyD88, TLR4, or Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-deficient and wild-type mice were epicutaneously exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus allergen over 3 wk. Impaired skin barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin levels of innate and adaptive genes were quantified. In an experimental model of atopic dermatitis, TEWL, allergic sensitization, and epidermal thickness were increased following cutaneous allergen exposure, and these were further enhanced in the absence of TLR4. Increased allergen-induced skin levels of innate (S100A8/A9, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CXCL2) and Th17 genes (IL-17A and IL-17F) were observed in TLR4-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. The absence of MyD88 alleviated disease (decreased TEWL, skin thickness, proinflammatory cytokines), whereas TRIF deficiency exacerbated disease. In conclusion, signaling through the TLR4 and TRIF pathways limits skin barrier dysfunction, cutaneous allergic sensitization, and proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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Lee GB, Brandt EB, Xiao C, Gibson AM, Le Cras TD, Brown LAS, Fitzpatrick AM, Khurana Hershey GK. Diesel exhaust particles induce cysteine oxidation and s-glutathionylation in house dust mite induced murine asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60632. [PMID: 23555996 PMCID: PMC3612047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure enhances allergic inflammation and has been linked to the incidence of asthma. Oxidative stress on the thiol molecules cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) can promote inflammatory host responses. The effect of DEP on the thiol oxidation/reduction (redox) state in the asthmatic lung is unknown. Objective To determine if DEP exposure alters the Cys or GSH redox state in the asthmatic airway. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from a house dust mite (HDM) induced murine asthma model exposed to DEP. GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), Cys, cystine (CySS), and s-glutathionylated cysteine (CySSG) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Results DEP co-administered with HDM, but not DEP or HDM alone, decreased total Cys, increased CySS, and increased CySSG without significantly altering GSH or GSSG. Conclusions DEP exposure promotes oxidation and S-glutathionylation of cysteine amino acids in the asthmatic airway, suggesting a novel mechanism by which DEP may enhance allergic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B. Lee
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang Xiao
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Gibson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Le Cras
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lou Ann S. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mintz-Cole RA, Brandt EB, Bass SA, Gibson AM, Reponen T, Khurana Hershey GK. Surface availability of beta-glucans is critical determinant of host immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:159-69. [PMID: 23403046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well accepted that mold exposure is a major contributor to the development of asthma, and beta-glucans are often used as a surrogate for mold exposure in the environment. Beta-glucans are an important component of mold spores and are recognized by the immune system by their receptor, Dectin-1. Cladosporium cladosporioides spores have a high beta-glucan content, but the beta-glucans are not available on the surface of live spores. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether altering the exposure of beta-glucans in C cladosporioides through heat killing could alter the immune response through binding to Dectin-1. METHODS In a murine model of mold-induced asthma, mice were repeatedly exposed to either live or heat-killed C cladosporioides and the phenotype was determined by the measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and cytokine production. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from dendritic cells were measured by using quantitative PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Live C cladosporioides induced robust airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and a predominately TH2 response, while heat-killed C cladosporioides induced a strong TH17 response and neutrophilic inflammation, but very mild airway hyperresponsiveness. Heat killing of C cladosporioides spores effectively exposed beta-glucans on the surface of the spores and increased binding to Dectin-1. In the absence of Dectin-1, heat-killed spores induced a predominantly TH2 response analogous to live spores. Furthermore, the production of TH17-skewing IL-6, IL-23, and TNF-α by dendritic cells in response to heat-killed C cladosporioides was dependent on Dectin-1. CONCLUSIONS The host immune response to C cladosporioides is dependent on the surface availability of beta-glucans rather than the total beta-glucan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Mintz-Cole
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Mushaben EM, Brandt EB, Hershey GKK, Le Cras TD. Differential effects of rapamycin and dexamethasone in mouse models of established allergic asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54426. [PMID: 23349887 PMCID: PMC3547928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in cell growth/differentiation, integrating environmental cues, and regulating immune responses. Our lab previously demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin prevented house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Here, we utilized two treatment protocols to investigate whether rapamycin, compared to the steroid, dexamethasone, could inhibit allergic responses during the later stages of the disease process, namely allergen re-exposure and/or during progression of chronic allergic disease. In protocol 1, BALB/c mice were sensitized to HDM (three i.p. injections) and administered two intranasal HDM exposures. After 6 weeks of rest/recovery, mice were re-exposed to HDM while being treated with rapamycin or dexamethasone. In protocol 2, mice were exposed to HDM for 3 or 6 weeks and treated with rapamycin or dexamethasone during weeks 4-6. Characteristic features of allergic asthma, including IgE, goblet cells, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), inflammatory cells, cytokines/chemokines, and T cell responses were assessed. In protocol 1, both rapamycin and dexamethasone suppressed goblet cells and total CD4(+) T cells including activated, effector, and regulatory T cells in the lung tissue, with no effect on AHR or total inflammatory cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Rapamycin also suppressed IgE, although IL-4 and eotaxin 1 levels were augmented. In protocol 2, both drugs suppressed total CD4(+) T cells, including activated, effector, and regulatory T cells and IgE levels. IL-4, eotaxin, and inflammatory cell numbers were increased after rapamycin and no effect on AHR was observed. Dexamethasone suppressed inflammatory cell numbers, especially eosinophils, but had limited effects on AHR. We conclude that while mTOR signaling is critical during the early phases of allergic asthma, its role is much more limited once disease is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Mushaben
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Le Cras
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mushaben EM, Kramer EL, Brandt EB, Khurana Hershey GK, Le Cras TD. Rapamycin attenuates airway hyperreactivity, goblet cells, and IgE in experimental allergic asthma. J Immunol 2011; 187:5756-63. [PMID: 22021618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates environmental cues, promotes cell growth/differentiation, and regulates immune responses. Although inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin has potent immunosuppressive activity, mixed effects have been reported in OVA-induced models of allergic asthma. We investigated the impact of two rapamycin treatment protocols on the major characteristics of allergic asthma induced by the clinically relevant allergen, house dust mite (HDM). In protocol 1, BALB/c mice were exposed to 10 intranasal HDM doses over a period of 24 d and treated with rapamycin simultaneously during the sensitization/exposure period. In protocol 2, rapamycin was administered after the mice had been sensitized to HDM (i.p. injection) and prior to initiation of two intranasal HDM challenges over 4 d. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR), IgE, inflammatory cells, cytokines, leukotrienes, goblet cells, and activated T cells were assessed. In protocol 1, rapamycin blocked HDM-induced increases in AHR, inflammatory cell counts, and IgE, as well as attenuated goblet cell metaplasia. In protocol 2, rapamycin blocked increases in AHR, IgE, and T cell activation and reduced goblet cell metaplasia, but it had no effect on inflammatory cell counts. Increases in IL-13 and leukotrienes were also blocked by rapamycin, although increases in IL-4 were unaffected. These data demonstrated that rapamycin can inhibit cardinal features of allergic asthma, including increases in AHR, IgE, and goblet cells, most likely as a result of its ability to reduce the production of two key mediators of asthma: IL-13 and leukotrienes. These findings highlight the importance of the mTOR pathway in allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mushaben
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, is increasing in prevalence around the world. Intensive research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of AD and offer new treatment options for patients suffering from AD. In this review, we highlight the importance of allergic Th2 responses in the development of the disease and summarize relevant literature, including genetic studies, studies of human skin and mechanistic studies on keratinocytes and mouse models of AD. We discuss the importance of the skin barrier and review recent findings on the pro-Th2 cytokines TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33, notably their ability to polarize dendritic cells and promote Th2 responses. After a brief update on the contribution of different T-cell subsets to AD, we focus on Th2 cells and the respective contributions of each of the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-31, and IL-10) to AD. We conclude with a brief discussion of the current gaps in our knowledge and technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
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Sivaprasad U, Askew DJ, Ericksen MB, Gibson AM, Stier MT, Brandt EB, Bass SA, Daines MO, Chakir J, Stringer KF, Wert SE, Whitsett JA, Le Cras TD, Wills-Karp M, Silverman GA, Khurana Hershey GK. A nonredundant role for mouse Serpinb3a in the induction of mucus production in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 127:254-61, 261.e1-6. [PMID: 21126757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a major public health burden worldwide. Studies from our group and others have demonstrated that SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 are induced in patients with asthma; however, their mechanistic role in asthma has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of Serpin3a, the murine homolog of SERPINB3 and SERPINB4, in asthma. METHODS We studied wild-type Balb/c and Serpinb3a-null mice in house dust mite or IL-13-induced asthma models and evaluated airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. RESULTS Airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia were markedly attenuated in the Serpinb3a-null mice compared with the wild-type mice after allergen challenge, with minimal effects on inflammation. Expression of sterile alpha motif pointed domain containing v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog transcription factor (SPDEF), a transcription factor that mediates goblet cell hyperplasia, was decreased in the absence of Serpinb3a. IL-13-treated Serpinb3a-null mice showed attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and mucus production. CONCLUSION Excessive mucus production and mucus plugging are key pathologic features of asthma, yet the mechanisms responsible for mucus production are not well understood. Our data reveal a novel nonredundant role for Serpinb3a in mediating mucus production through regulation of SPDEF expression. This pathway may be used to target mucus hypersecretion effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Brandt EB, Munitz A, Orekov T, Mingler MK, McBride M, Finkelman FD, Rothenberg ME. Targeting IL-4/IL-13 signaling to alleviate oral allergen-induced diarrhea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 123:53-8. [PMID: 18996576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal anaphylaxis (manifested by acute diarrhea) is dependent on IgE and mast cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the respective roles of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in disease pathogenesis. METHODS Wild-type mice and mice deficient in IL-4, IL-13, and IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha1 (part of the type 2 IL-4 receptor [IL-4R]) were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum potassium sulfate and subsequently given repeated intragastric OVA exposures. The IL-4R alpha chain was targeted with anti-IL-4R alpha mAb before or after intragastric OVA exposures. RESULTS IL4(-/-) (and IL4/IL13(-/-)) mice produced almost no IgE and were highly resistant to OVA-induced diarrhea, whereas allergic diarrhea was only partially impaired in IL13(-/-) and IL13Ralpha1(-/-) mice. IL13Ralpha1-deficient mice had decreased IgE levels, despite having normal baseline IL-4 levels. Intestinal mast cell accumulation and activation also depended mainly on IL-4 and, to a lesser extent, on IL-13. Prophylactic anti-IL-4R alpha mAb treatment, which blocks all IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, suppressed development of allergic diarrhea. However, treatment with anti-IL-4R alpha mAb for 7 days only partially suppressed IgE and did not prevent intestinal diarrhea. CONCLUSION Endogenously produced IL-13 supplements the ability of IL-4 to induce allergic diarrhea by promoting oral allergen sensitization rather than the effector phase of intestinal anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Forbes EE, Groschwitz K, Abonia JP, Brandt EB, Cohen E, Blanchard C, Ahrens R, Seidu L, McKenzie A, Strait R, Finkelman FD, Foster PS, Matthaei KI, Rothenberg ME, Hogan SP. IL-9- and mast cell-mediated intestinal permeability predisposes to oral antigen hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 2008; 205:897-913. [PMID: 18378796 PMCID: PMC2292227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous mouse and clinical studies demonstrate a link between Th2 intestinal inflammation and induction of the effector phase of food allergy. However, the mechanism by which sensitization and mast cell responses occurs is largely unknown. We demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-9 has an important role in this process. IL-9-deficient mice fail to develop experimental oral antigen-induced intestinal anaphylaxis, and intestinal IL-9 overexpression induces an intestinal anaphylaxis phenotype (intestinal mastocytosis, intestinal permeability, and intravascular leakage). In addition, intestinal IL-9 overexpression predisposes to oral antigen sensitization, which requires mast cells and increased intestinal permeability. These observations demonstrate a central role for IL-9 and mast cells in experimental intestinal permeability in oral antigen sensitization and suggest that IL-9-mediated mast cell responses have an important role in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Forbes
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
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Brandt EB, Mingler MK, Stevenson MD, Wang N, Khurana Hershey GK, Whitsett JA, Rothenberg ME. Surfactant protein D alters allergic lung responses in mice and human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:1140-1147.e2. [PMID: 18355911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein (SP) D has been proposed to be protective in allergic airway responses. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of SP-D deficiency on murine and human airway allergy. METHODS Immunologic responses of SP-D gene-deficient mice (Sftpd-/-) at baseline and after 4 intranasal Aspergillus fumigatus exposures were assessed. In addition, the significance of a single nucleotide polymorphism (Met(11)Thr) in the human SP-D gene (known to decrease SP-D function) was investigated. RESULTS Macrophage and neutrophil bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels and large airway mucus production were increased in naive Sftpd-/- mice in association with increased lung CCL17 levels and CD4+ T cell numbers. T(H)2-associated antibody levels (IgG1 and IgE) were significantly lower in 4- to 5-week-old Sftpd-/- mice (P < .05). Accordingly, naive Sftpd-/- splenocytes released significantly less IL-4 and IL-13 on anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation (P < .01). After intranasal allergen exposures, a modest decrease in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia and IL-13 levels was observed in Sftpd-/- mice compared with values seen in wild-type mice in association with decreased airway resistance (P < .01). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the SFTPD gene, affecting SP-D levels and pathogen binding, was associated with decreased atopy in black subjects and potentially lower asthma susceptibility in white subjects. CONCLUSION Sftpd-/- mice have an impaired systemic T(H)2 response at baseline and reduced inflammation and airway responses after allergen exposure. Translational studies revealed that a polymorphism in the SFTPD gene was associated with lower atopy and possibly asthma susceptibility. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that SP-D-dependent innate immunity influences atopy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Brandt EB, Scribner TA, Akei HS, Rothenberg ME. Experimental gastrointestinal allergy enhances pulmonary responses to specific and unrelated allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:420-7. [PMID: 16890767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal allergy often precedes or coexists with respiratory allergy. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that established experimental gastrointestinal allergy would prime for the development of allergic respiratory responses. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of aluminum potassium sulfate and then subjected to intragastric saline or OVA challenges. After the development of allergen-induced gastrointestinal allergy, mice were intranasally exposed to either saline, OVA, or a neoaeroallergen house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation (eg, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, cytokine levels, and OVA-specific antibody levels) and airway responsiveness to methacholine exposure were assessed after intranasal allergen exposure. RESULTS A single intranasal exposure to OVA induced significantly more airway inflammation in intragastric OVA-challenged mice compared with that seen in intragastric saline-treated mice. Kinetic analysis revealed that the observed amplification of lung inflammation was sustained for up to 12 days after the last intragastric OVA challenge after resolution of blood eosinophilia. When mice with gastrointestinal allergy were repeatedly challenged with HDM in the respiratory tract, they experienced enhanced airway inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia and increased IL-13 levels. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrate that OVA-induced gastrointestinal allergy enhances not only allergic airway responses to OVA but also to HDM, an unrelated aeroallergen. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Experimental gastrointestinal allergy primes for responses to allergens in the respiratory tract, enhancing antigen-specific antibody and T(H)2 cytokine production, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Akei HS, Brandt EB, Mishra A, Strait RT, Finkelman FD, Warrier MR, Hershey GKK, Blanchard C, Rothenberg ME. Epicutaneous aeroallergen exposure induces systemic TH2 immunity that predisposes to allergic nasal responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:62-9. [PMID: 16815139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic individuals are predisposed to mounting vigorous T(H)2-type immune responses to environmental allergens. The skin is often the first organ that manifests allergic disease and may provide an early entry point for antigen sensitization. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether epicutaneous exposure to the aeroallergen Aspergillus fumigatus induces nasal allergic responses. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the mechanism involved. METHODS Wild-type and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-deficient mice were exposed to epicutaneous A fumigatus and control antigen ovalbumin. Nasal inflammation and responsiveness to methacholine were monitored. RESULTS Exposure to epicutaneous A fumigatus antigen induced a marked atopic dermatitis-like phenotype in a manner significantly more efficient than epicutaneous ovalbumin. A single A fumigatus intranasal challenge induced clinical nasal responses and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in the nose as manifested by nasal symptoms, accompanied by allergic airway and nasal inflammation. Mechanistic analysis using gene-targeted mice revealed that the clinical nasal responses and hyperresponsiveness were STAT6-dependent. Although STAT6 was required for changes in nasal responses, it was not required for epicutaneous pathology except eosinophilia. CONCLUSION Epicutaneous exposure to the aeroallergen A fumigatus potently primes for STAT6-dependent nasal responses. These results draw attention to the cooperative interaction between the nasal tract and skin. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The skin is a potent site for antigen sensitization in the development of experimental allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Saito Akei
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Forbes E, Hulett M, Ahrens R, Wagner N, Smart V, Matthaei KI, Brandt EB, Dent LA, Rothenberg ME, Tang M, Foster PS, Hogan SP. ICAM-1-dependent pathways regulate colonic eosinophilic inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:330-41. [PMID: 16731772 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic inflammation is a common feature of numerous eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal (EGID) diseases. Central to eosinophil migration into the gastrointestinal tract are the integrin-mediated interactions with adhesion molecules. Although the mechanisms regulating eosinophil homing into the small intestine have begun to be elucidated, the adhesion pathways responsible for eosinophil trafficking into the large intestine are unknown. We investigated the role of adhesion pathways in eosinophil recruitment into the large intestine during homeostasis and disease. First, using a hapten-induced colonic injury model, we demonstrate that in contrast to the small intestine, eosinophil recruitment into the colon is regulated by a beta7 -integrin addressin cell adhesion molecule-1-independent pathway. Characterization of integrin expression on colonic eosinophils by flow cytometry analysis revealed that colonic CC chemokine receptor 3+ eosinophils express the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) counter-receptor integrins alphaL, alphaM, and beta2. Using ICAM-1-deficient mice and anti-ICAM-1 neutralizing antibodies, we show that hapten-induced colonic eosinophilic inflammation is critically dependent on ICAM-1. These studies demonstrate that beta2 -integrin/ICAM-1-dependent pathways are integral to eosinophil recruitment into the colon during GI inflammation associated with colonic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Forbes
- Allergy and Inflammation Research Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Sanna B, Brandt EB, Kaiser RA, Pfluger P, Witt SA, Kimball TR, van Rooij E, De Windt LJ, Rothenberg ME, Tschop MH, Benoit SC, Molkentin JD. Modulatory calcineurin-interacting proteins 1 and 2 function as calcineurin facilitators in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7327-32. [PMID: 16648267 PMCID: PMC1464340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509340103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin is regulated by a binding cofactor known as modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein (MCIP) in yeast up through mammals. The physiologic function of MCIP remains an area of ongoing investigation, because both positive and negative calcineurin regulatory effects have been reported. Here we disrupted the mcip1 and mcip2 genes in the mouse and provide multiple lines of evidence that endogenous MCIP functions as a calcineurin facilitator in vivo. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in both mcip1/2 showed impaired activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), suggesting that MCIP is required for efficient calcineurin-NFAT coupling. Mice deficient in mcip1/2 showed a dramatic impairment in cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, neuroendocrine stimulation, or exercise, similar to mice lacking calcineurin Abeta. Moreover, simultaneous deletion of calcineurin Abeta in the mcip1/2-null background did not rescue impaired hypertrophic growth after pressure overload. Slow/oxidative fiber-type switching in skeletal muscle after exercise stimulation was also impaired in mcip1/2 mice, similar to calcineurin Abeta-null mice. Moreover, CD4(+) T cells from mcip1/2-null mice showed enhanced apoptosis that was further increased by loss of calcineurin Abeta. Finally, mcip1/2-null mice displayed a neurologic phenotype that was similar to calcineurin Abeta-null mice, such as increased locomotor activity and impaired working memory. Thus, a loss-of-function analysis suggests that MCIPs serve either a permissive or facilitative function for calcineurin-NFAT signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiano Sanna
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Eric B. Brandt
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Robert A. Kaiser
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Paul Pfluger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45243; and
| | - Sandy A. Witt
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Thomas R. Kimball
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Laboratory and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J. De Windt
- Hubrecht Laboratory and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthias H. Tschop
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45243; and
| | - Stephen C. Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45243; and
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- *Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Brandt EB, Zimmermann N, Muntel EE, Yamada Y, Pope SM, Mishra A, Hogan SP, Rothenberg ME. The alpha4bbeta7-integrin is dynamically expressed on murine eosinophils and involved in eosinophil trafficking to the intestine. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:543-53. [PMID: 16630161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the numerous adhesion molecules expressed by eosinophils, the alpha4-integrin has been identified as critically involved in eosinophil trafficking in the lung. Most studies have focused on the role of the alpha4beta1-adhesion complex, but eosinophils also express the alpha4beta7-integrin complex. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of alpha4beta7, by assessing its membrane expression on eosinophils from different compartments using allergen-challenged mice and IL-4/IL-5 bi-transgenic mice. In addition, we aim to determine the impact of beta7-integrin deficiency on eosinophil recruitment to the lungs and intestine in specific experimental allergic models. RESULTS Evaluation of alpha4beta7 expression on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue eosinophils revealed a down-regulation of this integrin as eosinophils migrate through the lungs. Indeed eosinophils isolated from the BALF and lung of allergic mice had low expression of the alpha4beta7-complex. While expression of the alpha4-chain remained unchanged, a significant decrease in beta7-surface expression was observed. Intestinal eosinophils, isolated from Peyer's patches, also displayed a down-regulation of the alpha4beta7-integrin, albeit only modest. In contrast, circulating eosinophils, isolated from the blood and spleen, expressed high levels of the alpha4beta7-integrin. However, eosinophil trafficking into the lungs of beta7-integrin-deficient mice was not significantly impaired in response to respiratory allergen challenges. In contrast, beta7-deficient mice had impaired eosinophil recruitment to the intestine. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results identify differential expression of the alpha4beta7-integrin on eosinophils and its critical role in regulating eosinophil responses in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Brandt
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Yamada Y, Rothenberg ME, Lee AW, Akei HS, Brandt EB, Williams DA, Cancelas JA. The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene cooperates with IL-5 to induce murine hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)/chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL)-like disease. Blood 2006; 107:4071-9. [PMID: 16418325 PMCID: PMC1895281 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated tyrosine kinase activity by the Fip1-like1 (FIP1L1)-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) (F/P) fusion gene has been identified as a cause of clonal hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), called F/P-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) in humans. However, transplantation of F/P-transduced hematopoietic stem cells/progenitors (F/P(+) HSCs/Ps) into mice results in a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like disease, which does not resemble HES. Because a subgroup of patients with HES show T-cell-dependent interleukin-5 (IL-5) overexpression, we determined if expression of the F/P fusion gene in the presence of transgenic T-cell IL-5 overexpression in mice induces HES-like disease. Mice that received a transplant of CD2-IL-5-transgenic F/P(+) HSC/Ps (IL-5Tg-F/P) developed intense leukocytosis, strikingly high eosinophilia, and eosinophilic infiltration of nonhematopoietic as well as hematopoietic tissues, a phenotype resembling human HES. The disease phenotype was transferable to secondary transplant recipients of a high cell dose, suggesting involvement of a short-term repopulating stem cell or an early myeloid progenitor. Induction of significant eosinophilia was specific for F/P since expression of another fusion oncogene, p210-BCR/ABL, in the presence of IL-5 overexpression was characterized by a significantly lower eosinophilia than IL-5Tg-F/P recipients. These results suggest that F/P is not sufficient to induce a HES/CEL-like disease but requires a second event associated with IL-5 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Yamada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Finkelman FD, Rothenberg ME, Brandt EB, Morris SC, Strait RT. Molecular mechanisms of anaphylaxis: Lessons from studies with murine models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:449-57; quiz 458. [PMID: 15753886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies with murine models demonstrate 2 pathways of systemic anaphylaxis: one mediated by IgE, Fc epsilonRI, mast cells, histamine, and platelet-activating factor (PAF), and the other mediated by IgG, Fc gammaRIII, macrophages, and PAF. The former pathway requires much less antibody and antigen than the latter. As a result, IgG antibody can block IgE-mediated anaphylaxis induced by small quantities of antigen without mediating Fc gammaRIII-dependent anaphylaxis. The IgE pathway is most likely responsible for most human anaphylaxis, which generally involves small amounts of antibody and antigen; similarities in the murine and human immune systems suggest that the IgG pathway might mediate disease in persons repeatedly exposed to large quantities of antigen. Mice, like human subjects, can experience IgE/Fc epsilonRI/mast cell-mediated gastrointestinal and systemic anaphylaxis in response to ingested antigen. Gastrointestinal symptoms depend on serotonin and PAF; mediator dependence of systemic symptoms has not been determined. Both local and systemic anaphylaxis induced by ingested antigens might be blocked by IgA and IgG antibodies. IL-4 and IL-13 signaling through the IL-4 receptor alpha chain, in addition to promoting the mastocytosis and IgE antibody production that mediate most human anaphylaxis, exacerbates the effector phase of anaphylaxis by increasing target cell responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. As a result, IL-4 receptor alpha chain antagonists might be particularly effective suppressors of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0563, USA.
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Zimmermann N, Doepker MP, Witte DP, Stringer KF, Fulkerson PC, Pope SM, Brandt EB, Mishra A, King NE, Nikolaidis NM, Wills-Karp M, Finkelman FD, Rothenberg ME. Expression and regulation of small proline-rich protein 2 in allergic inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 32:428-35. [PMID: 15731505 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0269oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is on the rise despite intense ongoing research. We aimed to elucidate novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Employing asthma models induced by different allergens (ovalbumin and Aspergillus fumigatus), we uncovered the involvement of two members of the small proline-rich protein (SPRR) family, SPRR2a and SPRR2b, known to be involved in epithelial differentiation but not allergic disease. In situ hybridization revealed induction of SPRR2 signal in a subset of bronchial epithelial cells and mononuclear cells associated with inflammation after allergen challenge. Allergen-induced SPRR2 mRNA accumulation in the lung occurred in a time-dependent manner, with peak expression 10-96 h after a second ovalbumin challenge. Transgenic overexpression of interleukin (IL)-13 in the lungs resulted in a marked increase of SPRR2 expression, and allergen-induced SPRR2 expression was significantly decreased in IL-13-deficient mice. Studies in gene-targeted mice revealed that allergen-induced SPRR2 was dependent upon STAT6. Finally, we aimed to determine if the induction of SPRR2 by allergen was tissue specific. Notably, SPRR2 was markedly increased in the small intestine after induction of allergic gastrointestinal inflammation. Thus, SPRR2 is an allergen- and IL-13-induced gene in experimental allergic responses that may be involved in disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Zimmermann
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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45
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Fulkerson PC, Zimmermann N, Brandt EB, Muntel EE, Doepker MP, Kavanaugh JL, Mishra A, Witte DP, Zhang H, Farber JM, Yang M, Foster PS, Rothenberg ME. Negative regulation of eosinophil recruitment to the lung by the chemokine monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig, CXCL9). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:1987-92. [PMID: 14769916 PMCID: PMC357039 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308544100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental analysis of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in animals and humans is associated with coordinate gene induction. Using DNA microarray analysis, we have identified a large panel of AAI signature genes. Unexpectedly, the allergen-challenged lung (a T helper 2 microenvironment) was found to be associated with the expression of T helper 1-associated CXCR3 ligands, monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10). Here we report that Mig functions as a negative regulator of murine eosinophils. Whereas Mig was not able to induce chemotaxis of eosinophils, pretreatment with Mig induced a dose-dependent inhibition of chemoattractant-induced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. Moreover, i.v. administration of low doses of Mig ( approximately 10-30 microg/kg) induced strong and specific dose-dependent inhibition of chemokine-, IL-13-, and allergen-induced eosinophil recruitment and, conversely, neutralization of Mig before allergen challenge increased airway eosinophilia. Importantly, Mig also inhibited a CCR3-mediated functional response in eosinophils. These results indicate that the ultimate distribution and function of inflammatory cells within the allergic lung is dictated by a balance between positively and negatively regulatory chemokines. The identification of a naturally occurring eosinophil inhibitory chemokine pathway in vivo provides a strategic basis for future therapeutic consideration.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines, CC/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology
- Interleukin-13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-13/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- STAT6 Transcription Factor
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Fulkerson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45257-0524, USA
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46
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Brandt EB, Strait RT, Hershko D, Wang Q, Muntel EE, Scribner TA, Zimmermann N, Finkelman FD, Rothenberg ME. Mast cells are required for experimental oral allergen-induced diarrhea. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1666-77. [PMID: 14660743 PMCID: PMC281649 DOI: 10.1172/jci19785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal allergic disorders represent a diverse spectrum of inflammatory diseases that are occurring with increasing incidence and severity. An essential question concerning these disorders is to determine the specific cells and mediators responsible for specific clinical manifestations. With this in mind, we developed a murine model of oral allergen-induced intestinal inflammation accompanied by strong Th2-associated humoral and cellular responses and focused on the immunopathogenesis of allergic diarrhea. Exposure of OVA/alum-sensitized mice to repeated doses of intragastric OVA induced genetically restricted, dose-dependent, acute diarrhea associated with increased intestinal permeability, eosinophilia, and mastocytosis. Mice developed limited systemic manifestations of anaphylaxis, even though they developed marked intestinal mucosal mast cell degranulation. Notably, experiments involving mast cell depletion (with anti-c-kit mAb), anti-IgE treatment, and Fc epsilon RI-deficient mice indicated a critical effector role for mast cells in mediating allergic diarrhea. Furthermore, allergic diarrhea was dependent upon synergistic signaling induced by serotonin and platelet-activating factor (PAF), but not histamine. These results demonstrate that oral allergen-induced diarrhea associated with experimental Th2 intestinal inflammation is largely mast cell, IgE, serotonin, and PAF dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Brandt
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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47
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Bueno OF, Brandt EB, Rothenberg ME, Molkentin JD. Defective T cell development and function in calcineurin A beta -deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:9398-403. [PMID: 12091710 PMCID: PMC123152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152665399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin and its downstream transcriptional effector nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) are important regulators of inducible gene expression in multiple cell types. In T cells, calcineurin-NFAT signaling represents a critical event for mediating cellular activation and the immune response. The widely used immunosuppressant agents cyclosporin and FK506 are thought to antagonize the immune response by directly inhibiting calcineurin-NFAT signal transduction in lymphocytes. To unequivocally establish the importance of calcineurin signaling as a mediator of the immune response, we deleted the gene encoding the predominant calcineurin isoform expressed in lymphocytes, calcineurin A beta (CnA beta). CnA beta(-/-) mice were viable as adults, but displayed defective T cell development characterized by fewer total CD3 cells and reduced CD4 and CD8 single positive cells. Total peripheral T cell numbers were significantly reduced in CnA beta(-/-) mice and were defective in proliferative capacity and IL-2 production in response to PMA/ionomycin and T cell receptor cross-linking. CnA beta(-/-) mice also were permissive to allogeneic tumor-cell transplantation in vivo, similar to cyclosporin-treated wild-type mice. A mechanism for the compromised immune response is suggested by the observation that CnA beta(-/-) T cells are defective in stimulation-induced NFATc1, NFATc2, and NFATc3 activation. These results establish a critical role for CnA beta signaling in regulating T cell development and activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando F Bueno
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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48
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Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration into the esophagus occurs in a wide range of diseases; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved are largely unknown. We now report that the Th2 cytokine, IL-5, is necessary and sufficient for the induction of eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus. We show that transgenic mice overexpressing IL-5 under the control of a T cell (CD2) or a small intestinal enterocyte (fatty acid-binding protein) promoter have markedly increased eosinophil numbers in the esophagus. For example, esophageal eosinophil levels are 1.9 +/- 0.9 and 121 +/- 14 eosinophils/mm(2) in wild-type and CD2-IL-5-transgenic mice, respectively. Consistent with this effect being mediated by a systemic mechanism, pharmacological administration of IL-5 via a miniosmotic pump in the peritoneal cavity resulted in blood and esophageal eosinophilia. To examine the role of IL-5 in oral Ag-induced esophageal eosinophilia, eosinophilic esophagitis was induced by allergen exposure in IL-5-deficient and wild-type mice. Importantly, IL-5-deficient mice were resistant to eosinophilic esophagitis. Finally, we examined the role of eotaxin when IL-5 was overproduced in vivo. Esophageal eosinophil levels in CD2-IL-5-transgenic mice were found to decrease 15-fold in the absence of the eotaxin gene; however, esophageal eosinophil numbers in eotaxin-deficient IL-5-transgenic mice still remained higher than wild-type mice. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate a central role for IL-5 in inducing eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mishra
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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49
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Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, Wagner N, Crossman MW, Foster PS, Rothenberg ME. Enterocyte expression of the eotaxin and interleukin-5 transgenes induces compartmentalized dysregulation of eosinophil trafficking. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:4406-12. [PMID: 11733500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110424200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract in a number of medical disorders, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. To understand the significance of cytokine expression by enterocytes, enterocyte transgenic mice that overexpressed the eosinophil-selective cytokines eotaxin and interleukin (IL)-5 were generated. Transgenic mice, generated by utilizing the rat intestinal fatty acid-binding protein promoter (Fabpi), overexpressed the mRNA for these cytokines in the small intestine. Overexpression of IL-5 resulted in marked increases of eosinophils in the bone marrow and blood, whereas eotaxin overexpression resulted in similar levels compared with nontransgenic control mice. In contrast, both IL-5 and eotaxin transgenic mice had significant accumulation of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal mucosa compared with control mice. Eotaxin-induced gastrointestinal eosinophilia was substantially higher than that induced by IL-5 and was especially prominent within the lamina propria of the villi. Interestingly, genetic rescue of eotaxin deficiency (by transgenic overexpression of eotaxin in eotaxin gene-targeted mice) resulted in significant restoration of gastrointestinal eosinophil levels. Finally, the intestinal eosinophilia induced by the eotaxin transgene was beta(7) integrin-dependent. Taken together, these results demonstrate that expression of eotaxin and IL-5 in intestinal epithelium induces compartmentalized dysregulation of eosinophil trafficking and the important role of the beta(7) integrin in gastrointestinal allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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50
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Pope SM, Brandt EB, Mishra A, Zimmermann N, Rothenberg ME. Interaction between interleukin-13 and the eotaxin chemokines in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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