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Jiménez T, Domínguez-Castillo A, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Lucas P, Sierra MÁ, Salas-Trejo D, Llobet R, Martínez I, Pino MN, Martínez-Cortés M, Pérez-Gómez B, Pollán M, Lope V, García-Pérez J. Residential exposure to traffic pollution and mammographic density in premenopausal women. Sci Total Environ 2024; 928:172463. [PMID: 38615764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density (MD) is the most important breast cancer biomarker. Ambient pollution is a carcinogen, and its relationship with MD is unclear. This study aims to explore the association between exposure to traffic pollution and MD in premenopausal women. METHODOLOGY This Spanish cross-sectional study involved 769 women attending gynecological examinations in Madrid. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), extracted from 1944 measurement road points provided by the City Council of Madrid, was weighted by distances (d) between road points and women's addresses to develop a Weighted Traffic Exposure Index (WTEI). Three methods were employed: method-1 (1dAADT), method-2 (1dAADT), and method-3 (e1dAADT). Multiple linear regression models, considering both log-transformed percentage of MD and untransformed MD, were used to estimate MD differences by WTEI quartiles, through two strategies: "exposed (exposure buffers between 50 and 200 m) vs. not exposed (>200 m)"; and "degree of traffic exposure". RESULTS Results showed no association between MD and traffic pollution according to buffers of exposure to the WTEI (first strategy) for the three methods. The highest reductions in MD, although not statistically significant, were detected in the quartile with the highest traffic exposure. For instance, method-3 revealed a suggestive inverse trend (eβQ1 = 1.23, eβQ2 = 0.96, eβQ3 = 0.85, eβQ4 = 0.85, p-trend = 0.099) in the case of 75 m buffer. Similar non-statistically significant trends were observed with Methods-1 and -2. When we examined the effect of traffic exposure considering all the 1944 measurement road points in every participant (second strategy), results showed no association for any of the three methods. A slightly decreased MD, although not significant, was observed only in the quartile with the highest traffic exposure: eβQ4 = 0.98 (method-1), and eβQ4 = 0.95 (methods-2 and -3). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed no association between exposure to traffic pollution and MD in premenopausal women. Further research is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jiménez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias AC), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Sur, Fundación HM Hospitales, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Alejandro Domínguez-Castillo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Sierra
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Dolores Salas-Trejo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain; Valencian Breast Cancer Screening Program, General Directorate of Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Center for Public Health Research CSISP, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rafael Llobet
- Institute of Computer Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Martínez
- Valencian Breast Cancer Screening Program, General Directorate of Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Center for Public Health Research CSISP, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Nieves Pino
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Cortés
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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Gong X, Zhu L, Liu J, Li C, Xu Z, Liu J, Zhang H. Exposure to traffic-related fine particulate matter 2.5 causes respiratory damage via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-regulated inflammation. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2178-2188. [PMID: 35670047 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported to regulate inflammatory responses in diverse cell types. Therefore, this work investigated the mechanisms of PPARγ in regulating traffic-related PM2.5-induced airway inflammation. Using the diffusion flame burner soot generation, traffic-related PM2.5 was generated and adsorbed. BALB/c male mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) were exposed to PM2.5 alone or co-treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG), an agonist of PPARγ. To the end of exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), venous blood and arterial blood, trachea, bronchus and lung tissues were collected. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were detected by ELISA, and the cell types in BALF were counted. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) assay were used to analyze the pathological conditions of lung, bronchus, and pulmonary artery. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and PPARγ expression in lung and bronchus was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Western Blot was used to detect PPARγ, NF-kB, AP-1 and STAT3 expression in lung and bronchus. The viability was detected by MTT method. PM2.5 exposure caused pathological damage to the lung, bronchus and pulmonary artery tissue, which induced apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. PM2.5 exposure caused local inflammation of the whole body and airway. PPARγ expression increased after PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 exposure regulated the downstream signaling pathways to affect the inflammatory response through PPARγ. Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 caused respiratory damage via PPARγ-regulated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoming Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfen Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Insaf TZ, Adeyeye T, Adler C, Wagner V, Proj A, McCauley S, Matson J. Road traffic density and recurrent asthma emergency department visits among Medicaid enrollees in New York State 2005-2015. Environ Health 2022; 21:73. [PMID: 35896993 PMCID: PMC9331590 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures such as traffic may contribute to asthma morbidity including recurrent emergency department (ED) visits. However, these associations are often confounded by socioeconomic status and health care access. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the association between traffic density and recurrence of asthma ED visits in the primarily low income Medicaid population in New York State (NYS) between 2005 and 2015. METHODS The primary outcome of interest was a recurrent asthma ED visit within 1-year of index visit. Traffic densities (weighted for truck traffic) were spatially linked based on home addresses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors predicting recurrent asthma ED visits. RESULTS In a multivariate model, Medicaid recipients living within 300-m of a high traffic density area were at a statistically significant risk of a recurrent asthma ED visit compared to those in a low traffic density area (OR = 1.31; 95% CI:1.24,1.38). Additionally, we evaluated effect measure modification for risk of recurrent asthma visits associated with traffic exposure by socio-demographic factors. The highest risk was found for those exposed to high traffic and being male (OR = 1.87; 95% CI:1.46,2.39), receiving cash assistance (OR = 2.11; 95% CI:1.65,2.72), receiving supplemental security income (OR = 2.21; 95% CI:1.66,2.96) and being in the 18.44 age group (OR = 1.59;95% CI 1.48,1.70) was associated with the highest risk of recurrent asthma ED visit. Black non-Hispanics (OR = 2.35; 95% CI:1.70,3.24), Hispanics (OR = 2.13; 95% CI:1.49,3.04) and those with race listed as "Other" (OR = 1.89 95% CI:1.13,3.16) in high traffic areas had higher risk of recurrent asthma ED visits as compared to White non-Hispanics in low traffic areas. CONCLUSION We observed significant persistent disparities in asthma morbidity related to traffic exposure and race/ethnicity in a low-income population. Our findings suggest that even within a primarily low-income study population, socioeconomic differences persist. These differences in susceptibility in the extremely low-income group may not be apparent in health studies that use Medicaid enrollment as a proxy for low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Zarina Insaf
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, NY, Rensselaer, USA.
| | - Temilayo Adeyeye
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, NY, Rensselaer, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Adler
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Wagner
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anisa Proj
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Susan McCauley
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Matson
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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Zhu Y, Fan Y, Xu Y, Xu H, Wu C, Wang T, Zhao M, Liu L, Cai J, Yuan N, Guan X, He X, Fang J, Zhao Q, Song X, Zu L, Huang W. Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and STEMI events: Insights into STEMI onset and related cardiac impairment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154210. [PMID: 35240186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence on the impacts of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) events is limited. We aimed to assess the acute effects of TRAP exposure on the clinical onset of STEMI and related cardiac impairments. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited patients who were admitted for STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention at Peking University Third Hospital between 2014 and 2020. Indicators relevant to cardiac impairments were measured. Concomitantly, hourly concentrations of traffic pollutants were monitored throughout the study period, including fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), particles in size ranges of 5-560 nm, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The mean (SD) age of participants was 62.4 (12.5) years. Daily average (range) concentrations of ambient BC and NOX were 3.9 (0.1-25.0) μg/m3 and 90.8 (16.6-371.7) μg/m3. Significant increases in STEMI risks of 5.9% (95% CI: 0.1, 12.0) to 21.9% (95% CI: 6.0, 40.2) were associated with interquartile range increases in exposure to TRAP within a few hours. These changes were accompanied by significant elevations in cardiac troponin T levels of 6.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 14.1) to 41.7% (95% CI: 21.2, 65.6), as well as reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction of 1.5% (95% CI: 0.1, 2.9) to 3.7% (95% CI: 0.8, 6.4). Furthermore, the associations were attenuated in participants living in areas with higher residential greenness levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend current understanding that short-term exposure to higher levels of traffic pollution was associated with increased STEMI risks and exacerbated cardiac impairments, and provide evidence on traffic pollution control priority for protecting vulnerable populations who are at greater risks of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Cencen Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiageng Cai
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ningman Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghou He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Citerne A, Roda C, Viola M, Rancière F, Momas I. Early postnatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and asthma in adolescents: vulnerability factors in the PARIS birth cohort. Environ Res 2021; 201:111473. [PMID: 34116015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between early traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and respiratory and allergic morbidity in adolescents are inconsistent. However, sub-groups might be more vulnerable to the health effects of this exposure. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between early exposure to TRAP and respiratory and allergic morbidity at age 13 years in the PARIS birth cohort, and potential modifying effects of sex, parental allergy, stressful family event and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). METHODS This study deals with data from 732 children of the PARIS birth cohort followed up using repeated questionnaires until 13 years of age. Prenatal TRAP exposure was assessed by measuring daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at the nearest station to mother's home. Early postnatal TRAP exposure was calculated for each child during the first year of life by a nitrogen oxides (NOx) air dispersion model taking into account both residence and daycare. Associations between TRAP exposures and asthma, rhinitis and related symptoms were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Effect modification was explored by testing multiplicative interactions. RESULTS An increase in interquartile range (17.0 μg/m3) of early postnatal NOx exposure was positively related to current asthma (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 1.21; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.02, 1.43), severe wheeze (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) and persistent asthma at 13 years old (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55) and tended to be associated with asthma ever. Parental history of allergy, asthma, early stressful family event and LRTI modified these associations with TRAP exposure. No relationship with rhinitis was found. Prenatal TRAP exposure did not show any association with respiratory and allergic morbidity. DISCUSSION This study is one of the first to show several modifiers of the association between early postnatal TRAP exposure and asthma at adolescence. Not all adolescents seem equally affected by early postnatal TRAP exposure: those presenting parental history of allergy, especially asthma, those with early stressful family event or LRTI appear to be more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Citerne
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Célina Roda
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Malika Viola
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Rancière
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Health Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France; Cellule Cohorte, Direction de l'Action Sociale de l'Enfance et de la Santé, Mairie de Paris, Paris, France
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Hwang M, Han S, Seo JW, Jeon KJ, Lee HS. Traffic-related particulate matter aggravates ocular allergic inflammation by mediating dendritic cell maturation. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:661-673. [PMID: 33998398 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1922111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of traffic-related particulate matter (PM) on allergic inflammation of ocular surfaces. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide via intraperitoneal injection. Two weeks later, mice were challenged with eye drops containing OVA concomitant with either traffic-related PM2.5 or vehicle eye drops. Topical OVA challenges were administered following unilateral subconjunctival injection of magnetic-bead-sorted CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC). The following were assessed: (1) clinical signs, (2) infiltration of inflammatory cells into conjunctiva, (3) serum levels of OVA-specific IgE production, and (4) T-cell cytokine secretion with topical application of PM2.5, compared to saline vehicle. PM2.5 was found to increase production of OVA-specific IgE in serum and Th2 immune response-related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A, and IL-13 compared to vehicle control. It is of interest that PM2.5 treatment also elevated the population of mature DCs in draining lymph nodes (LNs). Exposure with PM2.5 was associated with a significant rise in conjunctival expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF. After subconjunctival injection of CD11c+DCs from PM2.5-treated allergic conjunctivitis (AC) mice into naïve mice, T cell responses and OVA-specific IgE were also enhanced. Data suggest that traffic-related PM2.5 exacerbated allergic conjunctivitis as evidenced by increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the conjunctiva and Th2 responses in the draining LNs associated with enhanced maturation of DCs. Our findings provide new insight into the hazardous potential of traffic-related PM2.5 on allergic diseases, such as asthma or atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonwon Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Connor M, Lamorie-Foote K, Liu Q, Shkirkova K, Baertsch H, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Mack WJ. Nanoparticulate matter exposure results in white matter damage and an inflammatory microglial response in an experimental murine model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253766. [PMID: 34214084 PMCID: PMC8253444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with white matter damage and neurocognitive decline. However, the mechanisms of this injury are not well understood and remain largely uncharacterized in experimental models. Prior studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM), a sub-fraction of air pollution, results in neuroinflammation, specifically the upregulation of inflammatory microglia. This study examines white matter and axonal injury, and characterizes microglial reactivity in the corpus callosum of mice exposed to 10 weeks (150 hours) of PM. Nanoscale particulate matter (nPM, aerodynamic diameter ≤200 nm) consisting primarily of traffic-related emissions was collected from an urban area in Los Angeles. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either re-aerosolized nPM or filtered air for 5 hours/day, 3 days/week, for 10 weeks (150 hours; n = 18/group). Microglia were characterized by immunohistochemical double staining of ionized calcium-binding protein-1 (Iba-1) with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to identify pro-inflammatory cells, and Iba-1 with arginase-1 (Arg) to identify anti-inflammatory/ homeostatic cells. Myelin injury was assessed by degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP). Oligodendrocyte cell counts were evaluated by oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2). Axonal injury was assessed by axonal neurofilament marker SMI-312. iNOS-expressing microglia were significantly increased in the corpus callosum of mice exposed to nPM when compared to those exposed to filtered air (2.2 fold increase; p<0.05). This was accompanied by an increase in dMBP (1.4 fold increase; p<0.05) immunofluorescent density, a decrease in oligodendrocyte cell counts (1.16 fold decrease; p<0.05), and a decrease in neurofilament SMI-312 (1.13 fold decrease; p<0.05) immunofluorescent density. Exposure to nPM results in increased inflammatory microglia, white matter injury, and axonal degradation in the corpus callosum of adult male mice. iNOS-expressing microglia release cytokines and reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species which may further contribute to the white matter damage observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina Shkirkova
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hans Baertsch
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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8
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Niemeier-Walsh C, Ryan PH, Meller J, Ollberding NJ, Adhikari A, Reponen T. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244341. [PMID: 34166366 PMCID: PMC8224880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown. METHODS Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum. RESULTS We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Niemeier-Walsh
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Patrick H. Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw Meller
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Atin Adhikari
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Butler L, Gallagher L, Winter M, Fabian MP, Wesselink A, Aschengrau A. Residential proximity to roadways and placental-associated stillbirth: a case-control study. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:465-474. [PMID: 31587563 PMCID: PMC7131873 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1673882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1,097 women in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA, to examine the association between stillbirth related to placental abruption or placental insufficiency and maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. We utilized distance to nearest roadway proximity metrics as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution exposure. No meaningful increase in the overall odds of placental-associated stillbirths was observed (adjusted OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.5-2.8). However, mothers living within 50 m of a roadway had a 60% increased odds of experiencing a stillbirth related to placental abruption compared to mothers living greater than 200 m away. This suggestive finding was imprecise due to the small case number in the highest exposure category (95% CI: 0.6-4.0). Future studies of placental abruption with more precise exposure assessments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Butler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lisa Gallagher
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amelia Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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10
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Patten KT, Valenzuela AE, Wallis C, Berg EL, Silverman JL, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ. The Effects of Chronic Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Wildtype and Genetically Predisposed Male and Female Rats. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:57005. [PMID: 33971107 PMCID: PMC8110309 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data link traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical data corroborating this association are largely from studies of male animals exposed acutely or subchronically to high levels of isolated fractions of TRAP. What remains unclear is whether chronic exposure to ambient TRAP modifies AD risk and the influence of sex on this interaction. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess effects of chronic exposure to ambient TRAP on the time to onset and severity of AD phenotypes in a preclinical model and to determine whether sex or genetic susceptibility influences outcomes. METHODS Male and female TgF344-AD rats that express human AD risk genes and wildtype littermates were housed in a vivarium adjacent to a heavily trafficked tunnel in Northern California and exposed for up to 14 months to filtered air (FA) or TRAP drawn from the tunnel and delivered to animals unchanged in real time. Refractive particles in the brain and AD phenotypes were quantified in 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-month-old animals using hyperspectral imaging, behavioral testing, and neuropathologic measures. RESULTS Particulate matter (PM) concentrations in TRAP exposure chambers fluctuated with traffic flow but remained below 24-h PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards limits. Ultrafine PM was a predominant component of TRAP. Nano-sized refractive particles were detected in the hippocampus of TRAP animals. TRAP-exposed animals had more amyloid plaque deposition, higher hyperphosphorylated tau levels, more neuronal cell loss, and greater cognitive deficits in an age-, genotype-, and sex-dependent manner. TRAP-exposed animals also had more microglial cell activation, but not astrogliosis. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP promoted AD phenotypes in wildtype and genetically susceptible rats. TRAP effects varied according to age, sex, and genotype, suggesting that AD progression depends on complex interactions between environment and genetics. These findings suggest current PM2.5 regulations are insufficient to protect the aging brain. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley T. Patten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony E. Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Berg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jill L. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
- The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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11
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Farzan SF, Habre R, Danza P, Lurmann F, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Bastain T, Hodis HN, Breton C. Childhood traffic-related air pollution and adverse changes in subclinical atherosclerosis measures from childhood to adulthood. Environ Health 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33853624 PMCID: PMC8048028 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults. However, little is known about how air pollution may affect the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in younger populations. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis that provides insight into early CVD pathogenesis. METHODS In a pilot study of 70 participants from the Southern California Children's Health Study, we investigated CIMT progression from childhood to adulthood. Using carotid artery ultrasound images obtained at age 10 and follow-up images at age 21-22, we examined associations between childhood ambient and traffic-related air pollutants with changes in CIMT over time and attained adult CIMT using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for potential confounders. Average residential childhood exposures (i.e., birth to time of measurement at 10-11 years) were assigned for regional, ambient pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, interpolated from regulatory air monitoring data) and traffic-related nitrogen oxides (NOx) by road class (modeled using the CALINE4 line source dispersion model). Traffic density was calculated within a 300-m residential buffer. RESULTS For each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in childhood traffic-related total NOx exposure, we observed greater yearly rate of change in CIMT from childhood to adulthood (β: 2.17 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.78-3.56). Increases in annual rate of CIMT change from childhood to adulthood also were observed with freeway NOx exposure (β: 2.24 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.84-3.63) and traffic density (β: 2.11 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.79-3.43). Traffic exposures were also related to increases in attained CIMT in early adulthood. No associations of CIMT change or attained level were observed with ambient pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we observed adverse changes in CIMT over time in relation to childhood traffic-related NOx exposure and traffic density in our study population. While these results must be cautiously interpreted given the limited sample size, the observed associations of traffic measures with CIMT suggest a need for future studies to more fully explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Phoebe Danza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | | | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Edward Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Goodman
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel Aldred
- Active Travel Academy/School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, London, UK
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13
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Regencia ZJG, Dalmacion GV, Baja ES. Effect of heavy metals on ventricular repolarization and depolarization in the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) traffic enforcers' health study. Arch Environ Occup Health 2020; 77:87-95. [PMID: 34027826 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1853017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between blood heavy metals [cadmium (B-Cd), mercury (B-Hg), and lead (B-Pb)] and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), JT interval (JTc), and QRS complex duration (QRSc), electrocardiogram markers of ventricular repolarization and depolarization among 60 traffic enforcers in the MMDA traffic enforcers' health study. We fitted regression models to estimate the mean change effect on QTc, JTc, and QRSc, of B-Cd, B-Hg, and B-Pb concentrations, adjusted for potential confounding factors. We looked at effect modification by sex and smoking status. An interquartile range increase in B-Cd (0.9 μg/L) was related to a 6.6% increase in mean QRSc [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5, 10.8], and a 1.7% increase in mean QTc (95% CI: 0.2, 3.3). We also found that the associations between B-Cd and QRSc and QTc were higher among participants who were never smokers than ever smokers. Moreover, the association between B-Cd and QRSc was also higher among males than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zypher Jude G Regencia
- Exposure Assessment, Epidemiology, and Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
| | - Godofreda V Dalmacion
- Exposure Assessment, Epidemiology, and Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel S Baja
- Exposure Assessment, Epidemiology, and Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, City of Manila, Philippines
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14
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Campos CF, Cunha MC, Vieira Santos VS, Olegário de Campos Júnior E, Bonetti AM, Pereira BB. Analysis of genotoxic effects on plants exposed to high traffic volume in urban crossing intersections. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127511. [PMID: 32640379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biological assessment of environmental quality was performed using the tropical plant species Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt. var. purpurea exposed to different levels of air contamination in urban intersections with high volume of vehicle traffic. Air quality (average daily levels of particulate material in the PM1, 2.5, 10 fractions) and traffic volume in crossing intersections were monitored for 30 days before the collection of plants. Frequency of micronuclei and pollen abortivity in inflorescences collected at different intersections with gradual levels of traffic volume were evaluated as biomarkers of genotoxicity. In addition, the concentrations of bioaccumulated heavy metals in the leaves of the collected plants were also investigated. The proposed biological assessment model found a positive association between the environmental variables (traffic volume; concentration of particulate material) and biological effects (leaf concentration of Cr and Cd; micronucleus frequencies and pollen abortivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Campos
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Campos Cunha
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Geography, Santa Mônica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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Rosser F, Han YY, Forno E, Acosta-Pérez E, Canino G, Celedón JC. Indoor endotoxin, proximity to a major roadway, and severe asthma exacerbations among children in Puerto Rico. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:658-664.e2. [PMID: 32911057 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined concurrent exposure to household endotoxin and traffic-related air pollution in relation to childhood asthma, yet both factors are associated with asthma outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine whether proximity to a major roadway (a traffic-related air pollution proxy) modifies the estimated effects of indoor endotoxin on asthma outcomes in children. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 200 children with asthma (ages, 6-14 years) living in Puerto Rico. Residential distance to a major roadway was calculated as the distance from the participant's residential US census block centroid to the nearest major road. The outcomes of interest were severe asthma exacerbations, missed school days for asthma, atopy, lung function, and bronchodilator response (BDR). Logistic, linear, or negative binomial regression was used for the multivariable analysis. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, there was an interaction between indoor endotoxin and residential distance to a roadway on severe asthma exacerbations (P = .02) and BDR (P = .07). In an analysis stratified by distance to a roadway, each log10-unit increase in endotoxin was associated with 4.21 times increased odds of severe asthma exacerbations among children living within 499 m (the lower 3 quartiles of residential distance) to a road (95% confidence interval, 1.5-12.0). Among subjects living further than 499 m away from a roadway, each log10-unit increase in endotoxin was associated with reduced odds of severe asthma exacerbations (odds ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.67). Similar but less substantial findings were observed for BDR. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that residential proximity to a major road modifies the estimated effect of endotoxin on severe asthma exacerbations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Simkova S, Veleminsky M, Sram RJ. The impact of air pollution to obesity. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:146-153. [PMID: 33201649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Air pollution in ambient air could affect the increase of obesity in children. METHOD Review analyze papers about the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fine particles (particulate matter < 2.5 μm, PM2.5), and traffic air pollution (NO2, NOx, PM2.5). RESULTS Prenatal exposure to concentrations 1.73-3.07 ng/m3 PAHs significantly increased obesity at age 5 and 7 years, up to 11 years. All studies indicate the significance of prenatal exposure with concentration > 0.3 ng/m3 of B[a]P (benzo[a]pyrene). Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 above concentrations 10.6-11.9 μg/m3 increased obesity in children up to the age of 9 years. Traffic air pollution was evaluated according to exposure to NO2 and PM2.5. Concentrations NO2 higher 30 μg/m3 affect adiponectin levels in cord blood, cholesterol metabolism, and therefore increase later the risk of overweight or obesity. PM2.5 9.2-11.6 μg/m3 during pregnancy affect adiponectin. These concentrations from the traffic air pollution can affect the metabolism in newborns later related to obesity. CONCLUSION All these studies indicate that contemporary concentrations of PAHs, PM2.5 and NO2 in ambient air, especially during prenatal period, affect overweight and obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simkova
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Holme JA, Brinchmann BC, Le Ferrec E, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Øvrevik J. Combustion Particle-Induced Changes in Calcium Homeostasis: A Contributing Factor to Vascular Disease? Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:198-209. [PMID: 30955163 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the leading environmental risk factor for disease and premature death in the world. This is mainly due to exposure to urban air particle matter (PM), in particular, fine and ultrafine combustion-derived particles (CDP) from traffic-related air pollution. PM and CDP, including particles from diesel exhaust (DEP), and cigarette smoke have been linked to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including atherosclerosis, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, CDP typically consist of carbon cores with a complex mixture of organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adhered. The relative contribution of the carbon core and adhered soluble components to cardiovascular effects of CDP is still a matter of discussion. In the present review, we summarize evidence showing that CDP affects intracellular calcium regulation, and argue that CDP-induced impairment of normal calcium control may be a critical cellular event through which CDP exposure contributes to development or exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we highlight in vitro research suggesting that adhered organic chemicals such as PAHs may be key drivers of these responses. CDP, extractable organic material from CDP (CDP-EOM), and PAHs may increase intracellular calcium levels by interacting with calcium channels like transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR; e.g., beta-adrenergic receptors [βAR] and protease-activated receptor 2 [PAR-2]) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Clarifying a possible role of calcium signaling and mechanisms involved may increase our understanding of how air pollution contributes to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhang X, Zhao H, Chow WH, Bixby M, Durand C, Markham C, Zhang K. Population-Based Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Obesity in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:412-420. [PMID: 31797571 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the cross-sectional association between residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution and obesity in Mexican American adults. METHODS A total of 7,826 self-reported Mexican Americans aged 20 to 60 years old were selected from the baseline survey of the MD Anderson Mano-a-Mano Mexican American Cohort. Concentrations of traffic-related particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm were modeled at geocoded residential addresses using a dispersion models. The residential proximity to the nearest major road was calculated using a Geographic Information System. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted associations between exposure and obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 30. RESULTS More than half (53.6%) of the study participants had BMI ≥ 30, with a higher prevalence in women (55.0%) than in men (48.8%). Overall higher traffic-related air pollution exposures were associated with lower BMI in men but higher BMI in women. By stratifying for those who lived in a 0- to 1,500-m road buffer, the one-interquartile-range (685.1 m) increase of distance to a major road had a significant association with a 0.58-kg/m2 lower BMI (95% CI: -0.92 to -0.24) in women. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to intensive traffic is associated with increased risk of obesity in Mexican American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virgnia, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Moira Bixby
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Casey Durand
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Min KD, Yi SJ, Kim HC, Leem JH, Kwon HJ, Hong S, Kim KS, Kim SY. Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis. Environ Health 2020; 19:6. [PMID: 31937319 PMCID: PMC6961284 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric allergic diseases are a major public health concern, and previous studies have suggested that exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure is a risk factor. These studies have typically assessed TRAP exposure using traffic measures, such as distance to major roads, or by modeling air pollutant concentrations; however inconsistent associations with pediatric allergic diseases have often been found. Using road proximity and density, we previously found an association between TRAP and atopic eczema among approximately 15,000 children living in Seoul, Korea, heavily populated and highly polluted city in which traffic is a major emission source. We aimed to conduct a parallel analysis using modeled air pollution concentrations and thus examine the consistency of the association. Specifically, we examined the associations of individual-level annual-average concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 with symptoms and diagnoses of three pediatric allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema. METHODS The study population included 14,614 children from the Seoul Atopy Friendly School Project Survey in Seoul, Korea, in 2010. To assess individual exposures to TRAP among these children, we predicted annual-average concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 at the children's home addresses in 2010 using universal kriging and land use regression models along with regulatory air quality monitoring data and geographic characteristics. Then, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the three allergic diseases for interquartile increases in air pollution concentrations after adjusting for individual risk factors in mixed effects logistic regression. RESULTS Symptoms and diagnoses of atopic eczema symptoms showed an association with NO2 (OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.13; 1.08, 1.03-1.14) and PM10 (1.06, 1.01-1.12; 1.07, 1.01-1.13). ORs of PM2.5 were positive but not statistically significant (1.01, 0.95-1.07; 1.04, 0.98-1.10). No association was found between asthma and allergic rhinitis, although PM2.5 showed a marginal association with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS Our consistent findings regarding the association between TRAP and the prevalence of atopic eczema using traffic measures and surrogate air pollutants suggested the effect of TRAP on children's health. Follow-up studies should elucidate the causal link, to support subsequent policy considerations and minimize adverse health effects in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ju Yi
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Hong
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo Sang Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Molfino A, Amabile MI, Muscaritoli M, Germano A, Alfano R, Ramaccini C, Spagnoli A, Cavaliere L, Marseglia G, Nardone A, Muto G, Carbone U, Triassi M, Fiorito S. Association Between Metabolic and Hormonal Derangements and Professional Exposure to Urban Pollution in a High Intensity Traffic Area. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32849295 PMCID: PMC7431614 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Studies suggest a relation between exposure to air particulate matter (PM)2.5 pollution and greater cardiovascular morbidity, as well as increased risk for obesity and diabetes. We aimed to identify association(s) between nutritional and metabolic status and exposure to environmental pollution in a cohort of policemen exposed to high levels of air pollution. Methods: We considered adult municipal policemen, working in an urban area at high-traffic density with documented high levels of air PM2.5 (exposed group) compared to non-exposed policemen. Clinical characteristics, including the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome, were recorded, and serum biomarkers, including adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, were assessed. Results: One hundred ninety-nine participants were enrolled, 100 in the exposed group and 99 in the non-exposed group. Metabolic syndrome was documented in 32% of exposed group and in 52.5% of non-exposed group (P = 0.008). In the exposed group, we found a positive correlation between body mass index and serum leptin as well as in the non-exposed group (P < 0.0001). Within the exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed lower serum adiponectin (P < 0.0001) and higher leptin (P = 0.002) levels with respect to those without metabolic syndrome, whereas in the non-exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed only higher leptin levels when compared to those without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.01). Among the participants with metabolic syndrome, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.007). When comparing the exposed and non-exposed groups, after stratifying participants for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance >2.5, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.038). Conclusions: Exposure to air PM pollution was associated with lower levels of adiponectin in adult males with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessio Molfino
| | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Alfano
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesarina Ramaccini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Spagnoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Muto
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Carbone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Fiorito
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Silvana Fiorito
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Klompmaker JO, Hoek G, Bloemsma LD, Marra M, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, Brunekreef B, Lebret E, Gehring U, Janssen NAH. Surrounding green, air pollution, traffic noise exposure and non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Environ Int 2020; 134:105341. [PMID: 31783239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies that investigated associations of surrounding green, air pollution or traffic noise with mortality focused on single exposures. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate combined associations of long-term residential exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with total non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. METHODS We linked a national health survey (Public Health Monitor, PHM) conducted in 2012 to the Dutch longitudinal mortality database. Subjects of the survey who were 30 years or older on 1 January 2013 (n = 339,633) were followed from 1 January 2013 till 31 December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate associations of residential surrounding green (including the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 300 m and 1000 m), annual average air pollutant concentrations (including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and traffic noise with non-accidental, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer and neurodegenerative disease mortality. RESULTS We observed 26,886 non-accidental deaths over 1.627.365 person-years of follow-up. Surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise exposure were not significantly associated with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality. For non-accidental mortality, we found a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) per IQR increase in NDVI 300 m, a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in NO2, a HR of 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) per IQR increase in PM2.5 and a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in road-traffic noise. Analyses restricted to non-movers or excluding subjects aged 85+ years did not change the findings. CONCLUSION We found no evidence for associations of long-term residential exposures to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality in a large population based survey in the Netherlands, possibly related to the relatively short follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lizan D Bloemsma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marten Marra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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22
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Lu C, Cao L, Norbäck D, Li Y, Chen J, Deng Q. Combined effects of traffic air pollution and home environmental factors on preterm birth in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109639. [PMID: 31525560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mounting evidence have linked traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), whether it can interact with indoor environmental factors remains unknown, and its window(s) susceptibility at the stage of gestation is unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore PTB risk for prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and home environmental factors during pregnancy, so as to identify critical window(s) in the combined effect of traffic air pollution and main home environmental factor(s) on PTB development. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 3,509 preschool children was performed in Changsha, China during 2011-2012. The PTB prevalence was reported by the parents based on a questionnaire. We estimated each mother's exposure to traffic-related air pollutant NO2 in different windows of gestation, including conception month, three trimesters, birth month, and whole gestation. Maternal exposure to home environmental factors was considered by renovation (new furniture/redecoration) in pregnancy, and mold/damp stains and window condensation during perinatal period. Associations of PTB with both ambient NO2 and home environmental factors, and their interactions on PTB were evaluated by logistic regression models using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Traffic air pollutant NO2 exposure in utero was significantly associated with PTB, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of 1.41 (1.00-1.98) for an IQR increase in NO2 exposure during whole pregnancy, particularly in the conception month and 1st trimester. We further found a positive relationship between perinatal exposure to mold/damp stains in the homes and PTB, OR (95% CI) = 1.73 (1.04-2.90). Especially, we detected a significant interaction between outdoor NO2 and indoor mold/damp stains on PTB risk. Male and female foetus were respectively more susceptible to perinatal mold/dampness at home and outdoor NO2 exposure in early gestation. CONCLUSION Our finding indicates that both outdoor traffic air pollutant and indoor mold/dampness play key roles in PTB development, and their interaction effect in early pregnancy significantly increases PTB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanqin Cao
- Department of Gynecology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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23
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Howell NA, Tu JV, Moineddin R, Chen H, Chu A, Hystad P, Booth GL. Interaction between neighborhood walkability and traffic-related air pollution on hypertension and diabetes: The CANHEART cohort. Environ Int 2019; 132:104799. [PMID: 31253484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in unwalkable neighborhoods has been associated with heightened risk for diabetes and hypertension. However, highly walkable environments may have higher concentrations of traffic-related air pollution, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. We therefore aimed to assess how walkability and traffic-related air pollution jointly affect risk for hypertension and diabetes. METHODS We used a cross-sectional, population-based sample of individuals aged 40-74 years residing in selected large urban centres in Ontario, Canada on January 1, 2008, assembled from administrative databases. Walkability and traffic-related air pollution (NO2) were assessed using validated tools and linked to individuals based on neighborhood of residence. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted associations between exposures and diagnoses of hypertension or diabetes accounting for potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, 2,496,458 individuals were included in our analyses. Low walkability was associated with higher odds of hypertension (lowest vs. highest quintile OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.37) and diabetes (lowest vs. highest quintile OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.29), while NO2 exhibited similar trends (hypertension: OR = 1.09 per 10 p.p.b., 95% CI: 1.08, 1.10; diabetes: OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.17). Significant interactions were identified between walkability and NO2 on risk for hypertension (p < 0.0001 and diabetes (p < 0.0001). At higher levels of pollution (40 p.p.b.), differences in the probability of hypertension (lowest vs. highest walkability quintile: 0.26 vs. 0.25) or diabetes (lowest vs. highest walkability quintile: 0.15 vs. 0.15) between highly walkable and unwalkable neighborhoods were diminished, compared to differences observed at lower levels of pollution (5 p.p.b.) (hypertension, lowest vs. highest walkability quintile: 0.21 vs. 0.13; diabetes, lowest vs. highest walkability quintile: 0.09 vs. 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Walkability and traffic-related air pollution interact to jointly predict risk for hypertension and diabetes. Although walkable neighborhoods appear to have beneficial effects, they may accentuate the harmful effects of air pollution on cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Howell
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Jack V Tu
- Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V2, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Anna Chu
- ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Gillian L Booth
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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24
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Gaskins AJ, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Fong KC, Abu Awad Y, Di Q, Chavarro JE, Ford JB, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Attaman J, Hauser R, Laden F. Supplemental Folate and the Relationship Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Livebirth Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1595-1604. [PMID: 31241127 PMCID: PMC6736414 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution has been linked to higher risks of infertility and miscarriage. We evaluated whether folate intake modified the relationship between air pollution and livebirth among women using assisted reproductive technology (ART). Our study included 304 women (513 cycles) presenting to a fertility center in Boston, Massachusetts (2005-2015). Diet and supplements were assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Spatiotemporal models estimated residence-based daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, fine particulate, and black carbon concentrations in the 3 months before ART. We used generalized linear mixed models with interaction terms to evaluate whether the associations between air pollutants and livebirth were modified by folate intake, adjusting for age, body mass index, race, smoking, education, infertility diagnosis, and ART cycle year. Supplemental folate intake significantly modified the association of NO2 exposure and livebirth (P = 0.01). Among women with supplemental folate intakes of <800 μg/day, the odds of livebirth were 24% (95% confidence interval: 2, 42) lower for every 20-parts-per-billion increase in NO2 exposure. There was no association among women with intakes of ≥800 μg/day. There was no effect modification of folate on the associations between other air pollutants and livebirth. High supplemental folate intake might protect against the adverse reproductive consequences of traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yara Abu Awad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Geography, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Jill Attaman
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Brunst KJ, Ryan PH, Altaye M, Yolton K, Maloney T, Beckwith T, LeMasters G, Cecil KM. Myo-inositol mediates the effects of traffic-related air pollution on generalized anxiety symptoms at age 12 years. Environ Res 2019; 175:71-78. [PMID: 31103795 PMCID: PMC6571158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been linked to childhood anxiety symptoms. Neuroimaging in patients with anxiety disorders indicate altered neurochemistry. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the impact of TRAP on brain metabolism and its relation to childhood anxiety symptoms in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS). METHODS Adolescents (n = 145) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain metabolites, including myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, glutamate, glutamate plus glutamine, and glutathione were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. TRAP exposure in early-life, averaged over childhood, and during the 12 months prior to imaging was estimated using a validated land use regression model. Associations between TRAP exposure, brain metabolism, and anxiety symptoms were estimated using linear regression and a bootstrapping approach for testing mediation by brain metabolite levels. RESULTS Recent exposure to high levels of TRAP was associated with significant increases in myo-inositol (β = 0.26; 95%CI 0.01, 0.51) compared to low TRAP exposure. Recent elevated TRAP exposure (β = 4.71; 95% CI 0.95, 8.45) and increased myo-inositol levels (β = 2.98; 95% CI 0.43, 5.52) were also significantly associated with increased generalized anxiety symptoms with 12% of the total effect between TRAP and generalized anxiety symptoms being mediated by myo-inositol levels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of children to utilize neuroimaging to link TRAP exposure, metabolite dysregulation in the brain, and generalized anxiety symptoms among otherwise healthy children. TRAP may elicit atypical excitatory neurotransmission and glial inflammatory responses leading to increased metabolite levels and subsequent anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC, 5041, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5033, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Travis Beckwith
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5033, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Grace LeMasters
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5033, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Wang M, Hou ZH, Xu H, Liu Y, Budoff MJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Lu B. Association of Estimated Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Traffic Proximity With a Marker for Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Nationwide Study in China. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e196553. [PMID: 31251382 PMCID: PMC6604100 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiologic evidence of the mechanisms of the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD) is limited and relies heavily on studies performed in Europe and the United States, where air pollution levels are relatively low. In particular, the association between air pollution and CHD in patients with underlying risks for CHD is understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether air pollution and proximity to traffic are associated with the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a key atherosclerotic marker. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective, population-based cross-sectional study in a large-scale setting in China, 8867 consecutive patients aged 25 to 92 years with suspected CHD were recruited between November 17, 2015, and September 13, 2017. Participants were excluded if they had previous myocardial infarction, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting or incomplete risk factors and exposure data. Each participant underwent assessment of CAC and CHD risk factors at baseline. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to November 2018. EXPOSURES Annual means of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at the participants' residences using a validated geostatistical prediction model. Exposure to a nearby roadway was also estimated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Computed tomography measurement of CAC score. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 8867 participants was 56.9 (10.4) years; 4378 (53.6%) were men. Annual mean (SD) PM2.5, NO2, and O3 measurements were 70.1 (20.0), 41.4 (14.7), and 93.9 (10.5) μg/m3, respectively. The mean (SD) CAC score was 91.4 (322.2) Agatston units. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, adjusting for CHD risk factors and multiple pollutants, were independently associated with increases in CAC scores of 27.2% (95% CI, 10.8% to 46.1%) per 30 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 24.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 49.7%) per 20 μg/m3 NO2. For PM2.5, odds of both detectable CAC (Agatston score >0; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45) and severe CAC (Agatston score >400; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.12) were increased. Associations of CAC with PM2.5 and NO2 were greater among male participants (PM2.5: 42.2%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 62.7%; NO2: 45.7%; 95% CI, 25.3% to 69.5%) and elderly participants (PM2.5: 50.1%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 75.0%; NO2: 55.5%; 95% CI, 31.8% to 83.6%) and those with diabetes (PM2.5: 62.2%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 101.0%; NO2: 31.2%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 51.0%). Independent association with CAC score was 9.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to 20.4%) for O3 per 15 μg/m3 and 2.4% (95% CI, -0.6% to 5.4%) for distance near roadway per 50% decrease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large Chinese study, long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were independently associated with severity of CAC. This finding may provide support for the pathophysiological role of coronary atherosclerosis through which air pollution exposure may be associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Alotaibi R, Bechle M, Marshall JD, Ramani T, Zietsman J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Khreis H. Traffic related air pollution and the burden of childhood asthma in the contiguous United States in 2000 and 2010. Environ Int 2019; 127:858-867. [PMID: 30954275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the leading chronic airway diseases among children in the United States (US). Emerging evidence indicates that Traffic Related Air Pollution (TRAP), as opposed to ambient air pollution, leads to the onset of childhood asthma. We estimated the number of incident asthma cases among children attributable to TRAP in the contiguous US, for the years 2000 and 2010. METHODS The number of incident childhood asthma cases and percentage due to TRAP were estimated using standard burden of disease assessment methods. We combined children (<18 years) counts and pollutant exposures at populated US census blocks with a national asthma incidence rate and meta-analysis derived concentration response functions (CRF). NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were used as surrogates of TRAP exposures, with NO2 being most specific. Annual average concentrations were obtained from previously validated land-use regression (LUR) models. Asthma incidence rate and a CRF for each pollutant were obtained from the literature. Estimates were stratified by urban or rural living and by median household income. We also estimated the number of preventable cases among blocks that exceeded the limit for two counterfactual scenarios. The first scenario used the recommended air quality annual averages from the World Health Organization (WHO) as a limit. The second scenario used the minimum modeled concentration for each pollutant, in either year, as a limit. RESULTS Average concentrations in 2000 and 2010, respectively, were 20.6 and 13.2 μg/m3 for NO2, 12.1 and 9 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 21.5 and 17.9 μg/m3 for PM10. Attributable number of cases ranged between 209,100-331,200 for the year 2000 and 141,900-286,500 for 2010, depending on the pollutant. Asthma incident cases due to TRAP represented 27%-42% of all cases in 2000 and 18%-36% in 2010. Percentage of cases due to TRAP were higher (1) in urban areas than rural areas, and (2) in block groups with lowest median household income. Online open-access interactive maps and tables summarizing findings at the county level and 498 major US cities, are available at [https://carteehdata.org/l/s/TRAP-burden-of-childhood-asthma]. Assuming that pollutants did not exceed WHO air quality recommendations, the number of incident cases that could have been prevented ranged between 300 and 53,400, depending on the pollutant and year. Assuming that pollutant levels were limited to the minimum modeled concentration, the number of childhood asthma incident cases that could have been prevented ranged between 127,700 and 317,600, depending on the pollutant and year. CONCLUSION This is the first study to estimate the burden of incident childhood asthma attributable to TRAP at a national scale in the US. The attributable burden of childhood asthma dropped by 33% between 2000 and 2010. However, a significant proportion of cases can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Alotaibi
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, TX, USA
| | - Mathew Bechle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tara Ramani
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA
| | - Josias Zietsman
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haneen Khreis
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Gianicolo EAL. [Fake news in white coats]. Epidemiol Prev 2019; 43:117-119. [PMID: 31293125 DOI: 10.19191/ep19.2-3.p117.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Antonio Luca Gianicolo
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutemberg-Universität, Mainz (Germania);
- Istituto di fisiologia clinica, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Lecce
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29
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Shaaban K, Abou-Senna H, Elnashar D, Radwan E. Assessing the impact of converting roundabouts to traffic signals on vehicle emissions along an urban arterial corridor in Qatar. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2019; 69:178-191. [PMID: 30235064 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1526137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The type of control at intersections has a major effect on the operation of any urban corridor. Different predefined procedures are available to calculate some of the main operational characteristics, such as capacity, delay, and level of service, in order to select the best type of control. However, there are other important factors that affect major arterials operational characteristics, factors that are not fully addressed, such as the impact of emissions. In this study, a microscopic simulation approach using VISSIM and MOVES was developed to assess the environmental effect of converting four three-lane roundabouts to signalized intersections along a heavily congested urban corridor in Qatar. A decision was made to switch all roundabouts to traffic signals for better operations. Preliminary results indicated that the signal control outperformed the roundabout in the range of 37% to 43% reduction in emissions. A more detailed analysis revealed that roundabout corridor operations' effects on emission rates are divergent from those of signalized corridors, particularly upstream and downstream of the intersections. Immediate roundabout upstream approaches are driver behavior dependent, characterized by substantial coasting at lower speeds and subsequent re-accelerating with less idling, described as acceleration events, which resulted in high emission rates, while signalized corridors are signal timing dependent, characterized by ample idling with less coasting and re-acceleration, resulting in reduced emission rates. The results also revealed that there was no significant difference between emission rates in the vicinity of the two types of control. Both recorded nearly the same emission rate. Implications: A microscopic simulation approach using VISSIM and MOVES was developed to assess the environmental effect of converting four three-lane roundabouts to signalized intersections along a heavily congested urban corridor in Doha, Qatar. Intersection geometries along with the control type have significant impact on emission rates and play a major role in assessing environmental impacts. US EPA MOVES was calibrated to Qatar conditions which can be used to estimate emission factors and quantify vehicular emissions along other corridors in the country. The results can also be beneficial for other countries within the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Shaaban
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
| | - Hatem Abou-Senna
- b Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulations (CATSS), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering (CECE) , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL, USA
| | | | - Essam Radwan
- b Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulations (CATSS), Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering (CECE) , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL, USA
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30
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Sears CG, Braun JM, Ryan PH, Xu Y, Werner EF, Lanphear BP, Wellenius GA. The association of traffic-related air and noise pollution with maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the HOME study cohort. Environ Int 2018; 121:574-581. [PMID: 30300815 PMCID: PMC6252254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air and noise pollution may increase the risk for cardiovascular disorders, especially among susceptible populations like pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution and traffic noise with blood pressure in pregnant women. We extracted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ≥20 weeks gestation, as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from medical records in the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort from Cincinnati, OH (n = 370). We estimated exposure to elemental carbon attributable to traffic (ECAT),1 a marker of traffic-related air pollution, at women's residences at ~20 weeks gestation using a validated land use regression model and traffic noise using a publicly available transportation noise model. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression adjusted for covariates to examine associations of ECAT and traffic noise with blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk, respectively. In adjusted models, we found a 1.6 (95% CI = 0.02, 3.3; p = 0.048) mm Hg increase in SBP associated with an interquartile range increase in ECAT concentration; the association was stronger after adjusting for traffic noise (1.9 mm Hg, 95% = 0.1, 3.7; p = 0.035). ECAT concentrations were not significantly associated with DBP or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and traffic noise was not associated with SBP, DBP, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. There was no evidence of a joint effect of traffic noise and ECAT on any outcome. In this cohort, higher residential traffic-related air pollution exposure at ~20 weeks gestation was associated with higher SBP in late pregnancy. It is important for future studies of traffic-related air or noise pollution to jointly consider both exposures and neighborhood characteristics given their correlation and potential cumulative impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Sears
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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31
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Persson Å, Pyko A, Lind T, Bellander T, Östenson CG, Pershagen G, Eriksson C, Lõhmus M. Urban residential greenness and adiposity: A cohort study in Stockholm County. Environ Int 2018; 121:832-841. [PMID: 30342414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to residential greenness is associated with positive health outcomes among urban populations. However, few studies have considered effects on adiposity development in a longitudinal setting. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the association between long-term exposure to urban residential greenness and markers of adiposity. METHODS A cohort of 5126 adults from five municipalities in Stockholm County was examined clinically at baseline (1992-1998) and follow-up (2002-2006) after on average nine years. Time-weighted average exposure to urban greenness was estimated by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100 m, 250 m, and 500 m buffers around the residential addresses of each participant. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between greenness and change in weight and waist circumference as well as risk of overweight, obesity and central obesity. Co-exposures to air pollution, traffic noise and distance to water were also examined. RESULTS In women, higher levels of residential greenness were associated with a reduced increase in waist circumference during follow-up (β = -0.11 cm/year, 95% CI -0.14; -0.08 per one interquartile range increase in NDVI) and decreased risk for central obesity (IRR = 0.88: 95% CI 0.79; 0.99) in the 500 m buffer. No associations were observed for men or with regard to weight development or the risk of developing overweight or obesity. Exposure to low NDVI levels in combination with high NOx from road traffic and transportation noise as well as long distance to water rendered statistically significant increases in waist circumference in both sexes. CONCLUSION Higher long-term exposure to greenness was associated with a reduced increase in waist circumference and lower risk of central adiposity in women but not in men. In both sexes, low NDVI exposure in combination with other environmental risk factors appeared particularly harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å Persson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Pyko
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Lind
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C-G Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Eriksson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lõhmus
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Injaian AS, Taff CC, Pearson KL, Gin MMY, Patricelli GL, Vitousek MN. Effects of experimental chronic traffic noise exposure on adult and nestling corticosterone levels, and nestling body condition in a free-living bird. Horm Behav 2018; 106:19-27. [PMID: 30189211 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transportation noise affects urbanized, rural, and otherwise unaltered habitats. Given expanding transportation networks, alterations in the acoustic landscapes experienced by animals are likely to be pervasive and persistent (i.e. chronic). It is important to understand if chronic noise exposure alters behavior and physiology in free-living animals, as it may result in long-lasting impacts, such as reduced reproductive success. Here, we experimentally tested the effects of chronic traffic noise on baseline and stress-induced corticosterone (the primary avian glucocorticoid), parental feeding behavior, and fitness proxies in breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Our results show that chronic traffic noise is related to altered corticosterone in both adult female and nestling tree swallows, suggesting that noise may be a stressor in both groups. In adult females, our results suggest that traffic noise is related to a limited ability to respond to subsequent acute stressors (i.e. reduced stress-induced corticosterone levels after handling). Further, our results show no evidence of habituation to noise during the breeding season, as the negative relationship between traffic noise and adult female stress-induced corticosterone became stronger over time. In nestlings, we found a positive relationship between traffic noise exposure and baseline corticosterone. Finally, we found a negative relationship between traffic noise and nestling body condition, despite no detectable effects of noise on nestling provisioning (e.g. parental feeding rate, or insect bolus size/composition). These results highlight the potential long-term consequences of chronic noise exposure, as increased baseline corticosterone and reduced nestling body condition in noise-exposed areas may have negative, population-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Injaian
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Conor C Taff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kira L Pearson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michelle M Y Gin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gail L Patricelli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maren N Vitousek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Vargas JE, Kubesch N, Hernandéz-Ferrer C, Carrasco-Turigas G, Bustamante M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, González JR. A systemic approach to identify signaling pathways activated during short-term exposure to traffic-related urban air pollution from human blood. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29572-29583. [PMID: 30141164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that promote pathologic alterations in human physiology mediated by short-term exposure to traffic pollutants remains not well understood. This work was to develop mechanistic networks to determine which specific pathways are activated by real-world exposures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during rest and moderate physical activity (PA). A controlled crossover study to compare whole blood gene expression pre and post short-term exposure to high and low of TRAP was performed together with systems biology analysis. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers aged between 21 and 53 years were recruited. These subjects were exposed during 2 h to different pollution levels (high and low TRAP levels), while either cycling or resting. Global transcriptome profile of each condition was performed from human whole blood samples. Microarrays analysis was performed to obtain differential expressed genes (DEG) to be used as initial input for GeneMANIA software to obtain protein-protein (PPI) networks. Two networks were found reflecting high or low TRAP levels, which shared only 5.6 and 15.5% of its nodes, suggesting specific cell signaling pathways being activated in each environmental condition. However, gene ontology analysis of each PPI network suggests that each level of TRAP regulate common members of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our work provides the first approach describing mechanistic networks to understand TRAP effects on a system level.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Passo Fundo University (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nadine Kubesch
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carles Hernandéz-Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Glória Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Alemany S, Vilor-Tejedor N, García-Esteban R, Bustamante M, Dadvand P, Esnaola M, Mortamais M, Forns J, van Drooge BL, Álvarez-Pedrerol M, Grimalt JO, Rivas I, Querol X, Pujol J, Sunyer J. Traffic-Related Air Pollution, APOEε4 Status, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among School Children Enrolled in the BREATHE Project (Catalonia, Spain). Environ Health Perspect 2018; 126:087001. [PMID: 30073950 PMCID: PMC6108838 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution is emerging as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and impaired brain development. Individual differences in vulnerability to air pollution may involve the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the primary genetic risk factor for AD. OBJECTIVE We analyzed whether the association between traffic air pollution and neurodevelopmental outcomes is modified by APOEε4 status in children. METHODS Data on parent-reported behavior problems (total difficulties scores, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), teacher-reported attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom scores, cognitive performance trajectories (computerized tests of inattentiveness and working memory repeated 2-4 times during January 2012-March 2013), and APOE genotypes were obtained for 1,667 children age 7-11 y attending 39 schools in or near Barcelona. Basal ganglia volume (putamen, caudate, and globus pallidum) was measured in 163 of the children by MRI (October 2012-April 2014.) Average annual outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon (EC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were estimated based on measurements at each school (two 1-wk campaigns conducted 6 months apart in 2012). RESULTS APOEε4 allele carriers had significantly higher behavior problem scores than noncarriers, and adverse associations with PAHs and NO2 were stronger or limited to ε4 carriers for behavior problem scores (P-interaction 0.03 and 0.04), caudate volume (P-interaction 0.04 and 0.03), and inattentiveness trajectories (P-interaction 0.15 and 0.08, respectively). Patterns of associations with the same outcomes were similar for EC. CONCLUSION PAHs, EC, and NO2 were associated with higher behavior problem scores, smaller reductions in inattentiveness over time, and smaller caudate volume in APOEε4 allele carriers in our study population, and corresponding associations were weak or absent among ε4 noncarriers. These findings support a potential role of APOE in biological mechanisms that may contribute to associations between air pollution and neurobehavioral outcomes in children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mikel Esnaola
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan Forns
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Álvarez-Pedrerol
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioar Rivas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar and Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM G21), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Schwartz J, Fong K, Zanobetti A. A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on Mortality. Environ Health Perspect 2018; 126:087004. [PMID: 30235421 PMCID: PMC6375387 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have long associated [Formula: see text] with daily mortality, but few applied causal-modeling methods, or at low exposures. Short-term exposure to [Formula: see text], a marker of local traffic, has also been associated with mortality but is less studied. We previously found a causal effect between local air pollution and mortality in Boston. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the causal effects of local pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on mortality in 135 U.S. cities. METHODS We used three methods which, under different assumptions, provide causal marginal estimates of effect: a marginal structural model, an instrumental variable analysis, and a negative exposure control. The instrumental approach used planetary boundary layer, wind speed, and air pressure as instruments for concentrations of local pollutants; the marginal structural model separated the effects of [Formula: see text] from the effects of [Formula: see text], and the negative exposure control provided protection against unmeasured confounders. RESULTS In 7.3 million deaths, the instrumental approach estimated that mortality increased 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1%, 2.0%] per [Formula: see text] increase in local pollution indexed as [Formula: see text]. The negative control exposure was not associated with mortality. Restricting our analysis to days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 1.70% (95% CI 1.11%, 2.29%) increase. With marginal structural models, we found positive significant increases in deaths with both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. On days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 0.83% (95% CI 0.39%, 1.27%) increase. Including negative exposure controls changed estimates minimally. CONCLUSIONS Causal-modeling techniques, each subject to different assumptions, demonstrated causal effects of locally generated pollutants on daily deaths with effects at concentrations below the current EPA daily [Formula: see text] standard. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin Fong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ribeiro AG, Baquero OS, Freitas CUD, Chiaravalotti Neto F, Cardoso MRA, Latorre MDRDO, Nardocci AC. Incidence and mortality risk for respiratory tract cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: Bayesian analysis of the association with traffic density. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 56:53-59. [PMID: 30048939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that exposure to traffic-related air pollution is related to the incidence of and mortality associated with lung cancer. The aim of this study was to perform a spatial analysis, with a Bayesian approach, to test the hypothesis that high traffic density is associated with increased respiratory tract cancer incidence and mortality risk among individuals over 20 years of age residing in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We employed data from two different databases: the São Paulo Municipal Population-Based Cancer Registry (2002-2011 cancer incidence data); and the Mortality Database of the São Paulo Municipal Health Department (2002-2013 cancer mortality data). The relationships between the number of cases of respiratory tract cancer in each area analyzed and the standardized covariates-traffic density and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)-were evaluated with a Besag-York-Mollié ecological model with relative risks (RRs) estimates. RESULTS Per 1-unit standard-deviation increase in traffic density and in the MHDI, the RR for respiratory tract cancer incidence was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02-1.13) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.18-1.32), respectively, whereas the RR for mortality was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99-1.09) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16-1.30), respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that residing in areas with high traffic density is associated with increased respiratory tract cancer incidence and mortality risk in the city of São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeylson G Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Oswaldo S Baquero
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Clarice U de Freitas
- Center for Epidemiological Surveillance, State Department of Health, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Chiaravalotti Neto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Maria Regina A Cardoso
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Maria do Rosario D O Latorre
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Adelaide C Nardocci
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
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Carvalho RB, Carneiro MFH, Barbosa F, Batista BL, Simonetti J, Amantéa SL, Rhoden CR. The impact of occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution among professional motorcyclists from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its association with genetic and oxidative damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18620-18631. [PMID: 29704180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles play an important role in modern life; however, they also generate hazards. Occupational exposed subjects are in long-term contact with harmful products, which sets these professionals in a susceptible group to air pollutant damage. The aims of this study were to quantify individual exposure to pollutant gases and chemical elements and to evaluate oxidative and genetic damage in professional motorcyclists and office workers. We recruited professional motorcyclists and office workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was assessed by passive monitoring. Fingernail trace elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified spectrophotometrically, and genotoxicity was evaluated by micronuclei assay. Individual exposure to NO2 and O3, trace element content (Sb, Pt, As, Cd, V, Mn, and Co), oxidative stress factors, and genetic damage were statistically higher in professional motorcyclists (p < 0.05). Moreover, NO2 and O3 levels showed very strong positive correlation with plasmatic lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001 and r = 0.8849 and 0.8995) and strong positive correlation with micronuclei frequency (p < 0.001 and r = 0.7683 and 0.7280). Results suggest that professional motorcyclists are at high risk due to long-term air pollution exposure, which implies in the onset of several harmful effects and worsening of pre-existent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia Simonetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Amantéa
- Santo Antônio Hospital, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Bolcas PE, Brandt EB, Zhang Z, Biagini Myers JM, Ruff BP, Khurana Hershey GK. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates asthma development following traffic-related particulate matter exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:386-394.e3. [PMID: 29936100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature suggests that children who are vitamin D deficient are uniquely susceptible to the effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure. This is highly significant because large segments of the population reside in zones of high TRAP exposure. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether vitamin D supplementation mitigates the effect of TRAP exposure on asthma development, asthma exacerbation, and/or airway inflammation and to determine the timing of vitamin D supplementation that confers maximal health benefit. METHODS Using established mouse models of asthma, we examined the effect of prenatal and postnatal vitamin D supplementation on asthma development, as well as the utility of vitamin D as a treatment for established asthma in the context of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure. RESULTS DEP and allergen coexposure resulted in increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and accumulation of pathogenic TH2/TH17 cells in the lungs of vitamin D-deficient mice compared with control mice. Prenatal and postnatal vitamin D supplementation significantly attenuated the development of AHR and decreased pulmonary accumulation of TH2/TH17 cells after coexposure to TRAP and allergen but not to allergen alone. Restoration of normal vitamin D status had no effect on AHR once asthma was already established. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish that vitamin D confers protection against asthma development specifically in the context of TRAP exposure. Although vitamin D replacement did not reverse established asthma, restoration of normal vitamin D status in early life significantly attenuated the development of AHR in the setting of DEP-exacerbated allergic asthma and reduced numbers of lung TH2/TH17 cells, which portend the development of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy P Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Alderete TL, Song AY, Bastain T, Habre R, Toledo-Corral CM, Salam MT, Lurmann F, Gilliland FD, Breton C. Prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposures, cord blood adipokines and infant weight. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:348-356. [PMID: 29098799 PMCID: PMC5934325 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to childhood obesity. While exact mechanisms for this association are unknown, circulating adipokines are hypothesized to contribute to early-life weight gain. METHODS The Maternal and Child Health Study birth cohort included 136 women from the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center. This study estimated prenatal residential TRAP exposure and used linear regression analysis to examine associations between adipokines with TRAP exposure and infant weight change (birth to 6 months). RESULTS A one standard deviation (1-SD: 2 ppb) increase in prenatal non-freeway nitrogen oxides was associated with 33% (P = 0.01) higher leptin and 9% higher high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P = 0.07) in cord blood. Leptin levels were 71% higher in mothers who lived <75 m than those living >300 m from major roadways (P = 0.03). A 1-SD (10 ng mL-1 ) increase in leptin was associated with a significant increase in infant weight change in female infants (0.62 kg, P = 0.02) but not male infants (0.11 kg, P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS Higher TRAP exposures were associated with higher cord blood levels of leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin. These adipokines were associated with increased infant weight change in female infants, which may have implications for future obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Alderete
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Y. Song
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Muhammad T. Salam
- Kern Medical, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USC
| | | | - Frank D. Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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40
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Morrissey AM. Siting childcare centres on busy roads: what are the dangers? Rev Environ Health 2018; 33:1-2. [PMID: 29500925 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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41
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Hansell AL, Bakolis I, Cowie CT, Belousova EG, Ng K, Weber-Chrysochoou C, Britton WJ, Leeder SR, Tovey ER, Webb KL, Toelle BG, Marks GB. Childhood fish oil supplementation modifies associations between traffic related air pollution and allergic sensitisation. Environ Health 2018; 17:27. [PMID: 29587831 PMCID: PMC5870687 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of potential adverse effects of traffic related air pollution (TRAP) on allergic disease have had mixed findings. Nutritional studies to examine whether fish oil supplementation may protect against development of allergic disease through their anti-inflammatory actions have also had mixed findings. Extremely few studies to date have considered whether air pollution and dietary factors such as fish oil intake may interact, which was the rationale for this study. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) birth cohort, where children were randomised to fish oil supplementation or placebo from early life to age 5 years. We examined interactions between supplementation and TRAP (using weighted road density at place of residence as our measure of traffic related air pollution exposure) with allergic disease and lung function outcomes at age 5 and 8 years. RESULTS Outcome information was available on approximately 400 children (~ 70% of the original birth cohort). Statistically significant interactions between fish oil supplementation and TRAP were seen for house dust mite (HDM), inhalant and all-allergen skin prick tests (SPTs) and for HDM-specific interleukin-5 response at age 5. Adjusting for relevant confounders, relative risks (RRs) for positive HDM SPT were RR 1.74 (95% CI 1.22-2.48) per 100 m local road or 33.3 m of motorway within 50 m of the home for those randomised to the control group and 1.03 (0.76-1.41) for those randomised to receive the fish oil supplement. The risk differential was highest in an analysis restricted to those who did not change address between ages 5 and 8 years. In this sub-group, supplementation also protected against the effect of traffic exposure on pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that fish oil supplementation may protect against pro-allergic sensitisation effects of TRAP exposure. Strengths of this analysis are that supplementation was randomised and independent of TRAP exposure, however, findings need to be confirmed in a larger experimental study with the interaction investigated as a primary hypothesis, potentially also exploring epigenetic mechanisms. More generally, studies of adverse health effects of air pollution may benefit from considering potential effect modification by diet and other factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry. www.anzctr.org.au Registration: ACTRN12605000042640 , Date: 26th July 2005. Retrospectively registered, trial commenced prior to registry availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Hansell
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Public Health and Primary Care Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Christine T Cowie
- South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena G Belousova
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kitty Ng
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen R Leeder
- School of Public Health and Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Euan R Tovey
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen L Webb
- School of Public Health and Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brett G Toelle
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Rokoff LB, Rifas-Shiman SL, Coull BA, Cardenas A, Calafat AM, Ye X, Gryparis A, Schwartz J, Sagiv SK, Gold DR, Oken E, Fleisch AF. Cumulative exposure to environmental pollutants during early pregnancy and reduced fetal growth: the Project Viva cohort. Environ Health 2018; 17:19. [PMID: 29458383 PMCID: PMC5819079 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced fetal growth is associated with perinatal and later morbidity. Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants is linked to reduced fetal growth at birth, but the impact of concomitant exposure to multiple pollutants is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine interactions between early pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoke, traffic pollution, and select perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on birth weight-for-gestational age (BW/GA). METHODS Among 1597 Project Viva mother-infant pairs, we assessed maternal cigarette smoking by questionnaire, traffic pollution at residential address by black carbon land use regression model, and plasma concentration of select PFASs in early pregnancy. We calculated sex-specific BW/GA z-scores, an index of fetal growth, from national reference data. We fit covariate-adjusted multi-pollutant linear regression models and examined interactions between exposures, using a likelihood-ratio test to identify a best-fit model. RESULTS Two hundred six (13%) mothers smoked during pregnancy. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] for black carbon was 0.8 (0.3) μg/m3, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was 29.1 (16.5) ng/mL, and BW/GA z-score was 0.19 (0.96). In the best-fit model, BW/GA z-score was lower in infants of mothers exposed to greater black carbon [- 0.08 (95% CI: -0.15, - 0.01) per interquartile range (IQR)]. BW/GA z-score (95% CI) was also lower in infants of mothers who smoked [- 0.09 (- 0.23, 0.06)] or were exposed to greater PFOS [- 0.03 (- 0.07, 0.02) per IQR], although confidence intervals crossed the null. There were no interactions between exposures. In secondary analyses, instead of PFOS, we examined perfluorononanoate (PFNA) [mean (SD): 0.7 (0.4) ng/mL], a PFAS more closely linked to lower BW/GA in our cohort. The best-fit multi-pollutant model included positive two-way interactions between PFNA and both black carbon and smoking (p-interactions = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent prenatal exposures to maternal smoking, black carbon, and PFOS are additively associated with lower fetal growth, whereas PFNA may attenuate associations of smoking and black carbon with lower fetal growth. It is important to examine interactions between multiple exposures in relation to health outcomes, as effects may not always be additive and may shed light on biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Rokoff
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alexandros Gryparis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sharon K. Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME USA
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Schrecker T, Milne E. Environment, health and infrastructure: troubling questions. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 39:425-426. [PMID: 28911216 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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