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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Silva GND, Dorneles GP, Romão PRT, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. The role of O 3 exposure and physical activity status on redox state, inflammation, and pulmonary toxicity of young men: A cross-sectional study. Environ Res 2023; 231:116020. [PMID: 37119842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, such as NO2 and O3, are associated with detrimental health effects, becoming one of the greatest public health issues worldwide. Exercising in polluted environments could result in harmful outcomes for health and may blunt the physiological adaptations of exercise training. This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity and O3 exposure on redox status, an inflammatory marker, response to stress, and pulmonary toxicity of healthy young individuals. We performed a cross-sectional study with 100 individuals that, based on their exposure to O3 and physical fitness (PF) level, were distributed in four groups: Low PF + Low O3; Low PF + High O3; High PF + Low O3; High PF + High O3. We evaluated personal exposure to NO2 and O3, physical activity level, variables of oxidative stress (SOD, ROS, CAT, GSH, TBARS), pulmonary toxicity (CC16), and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, HSP70). Spearman correlation test to check the association among the variables was used and to compare groups we used one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc and Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc. O3 levels correlated with physical activity (r = 0.25; p = 0.01) but not with age or markers of body composition (p > 0.05). The individuals with high physical fitness that were less exposed to O3 presented higher CAT activity (p < 0.001), lower TBARS (p < 0.01) and IL-1β concentrations (p < 0.01), higher IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-10 concentrations (p < 0.05), lower IL-6:1L-10 ratio (p < 0.05), lower CC16 levels (p < 0.05), and higher HSP70 concentration (p < 0.05). Physical activity could result in higher exposure to O3 that could partially blunt some exercise adaptations, while high physical fitness improved the antioxidant defense system, systemic inflammatory mediators, and pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roseana Boek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gedaias Noronha da Silva
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. Exposure to O 3 and NO 2 in physically active adults: an evaluation of physiological parameters and health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:4269-4284. [PMID: 34988724 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous air pollutants ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have a large public health relevance and trigger environmental health risk. On the other hand, despite the health benefits, exercise practices might increase the susceptibility to air pollutants exposure. However, there are innumerous lifestyle factors besides physical activity habits that must be considered in the daily air pollution exposure and are still not fully comprehended. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of O3 and NO2 exposure on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and environmental health risk during the entire daily routine of physically active adults that exercise in outdoor and indoor environments. One hundred and twenty healthy young men were assigned to untrained (n = 52), indoor exercise (n = 36), and outdoor exercise (n = 32) groups, following their lifestyle exercise habits, and O3 and NO2 were assessed by personal monitoring. Exercised groups demonstrated higher healthy eating index (HEI) (p < 0.001), physical activity (PA) (p < 0.001), metabolic equivalent of task (MET) (p < 0.001), and peak oxygen uptake VO2peak (p < 0.001), while outdoor group had lower LAP index (p < 0.001) and higher O3 concentration (p = 0.0442). Environmental health risk demonstrated no difference (p > 0.05). The higher O3 concentration was positively correlated with the risk quotient (p = 0.003) and MET (p = 0.020), and a negative correlation between LAP and VO2peak was observed (p < 0.001). In conclusion, physically active individuals might have a lower risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases despite the higher O3 concentration exposure, and the exposure during exercise did not represent an additional health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Roseana Boek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department-Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência E Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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de Almeida VO, Pereira RA, Amantéa SL, Rhoden CR, Colvero MO. Neonatal diseases and oxidative stress in premature infants: an integrative review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:455-462. [PMID: 34953780 PMCID: PMC9510798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in cord blood of premature newborns and the prognosis of diseases in the neonatal period. SOURCES This study consists of an integrative review. Searches were conducted in electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline/Lilacs through the Virtual Library on Health Issues, using the descriptors: "premature infants", "preterm infants", "preterm birth", "preterm", "oxidative stress", "antioxidants", "infant, premature, diseases" and "cord blood". Original articles published between 2016 and 2021 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, which analyzed oxidative stress and/or antioxidant levels through cord blood of premature newborns and evaluated clinical outcomes, were included. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Of the 1,003 studies reviewed, after exclusion of duplicate articles, analysis of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 18 articles were included. 72.2% (n = 13) of analyzed studies reported a positive association between oxidative stress and the development of prematurity-related diseases; 27.7% (n = 5) showed no significant relation. Outcomes that showed a positive association were: intrauterine growth restriction, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, early-onset neonatal sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, morbidity, and mortality. CONCLUSION The analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidants in cord blood of premature newborns may be useful in the prognosis of some pathologies. The consequences of oxidative damage are known to be associated with increased morbidity in the short and long term. Further investigation is needed in this population in order to define normality parameters of biomarkers, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versiéri Oliveira de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria: Atenção à Saúde da Criança e ao Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Renan Augusto Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria: Atenção à Saúde da Criança e ao Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Amantéa
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria: Atenção à Saúde da Criança e ao Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Obal Colvero
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria: Atenção à Saúde da Criança e ao Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Carvalho RB, Marmett B, Dorneles GP, da Silva IM, Romão PRT, da Silva Júnior FMR, Rhoden CR. O 3 concentration and duration of exposure are factors influencing the environmental health risk of exercising in Rio Grande, Brazil. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:2733-2742. [PMID: 34415460 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) represents a great threat to human health, contributing to respiratory diseases and premature mortality. This pollutant is often considered a critical pollutant in regions of southern Brazil. Exposure to this pollutant during vigorous physical activity should be the subject of thorough investigations due to the increased ventilation rate and altered breathing pattern present during vigorous physical activity that result in greater inhalation of O3. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the health risk of exposure to low, mean, and high concentrations of O3 during different durations of exercise in the city of Rio Grande (southern Brazil). Healthy young men (n = 45) performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and ventilation rate data were collected to predict total ventilation and pollutant inhalation during a 5 km running session. The O3 concentration in the city of Rio Grande was obtained from data reported by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The environmental health risk was calculated based on the potential intake dose. The lowest, mean, and highest concentrations of O3 detected during the monitoring period were 32.5, 64.9, and 115.2 µg/m3, respectively. In all evaluated scenarios, there was a toxicological risk (RQ > 1), except when exercising when the O3 concentration was lowest for the shortest length of time (p < 0.001). As the concentration of O3 and the duration of the exposure increase, the health risk is increased. Therefore, O3 concentration and duration of exposure are factors influencing the health risk of exercising. These findings are extremely relevant in cities that have high levels of O3, such as the city of Rio Grande.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Marmett B, Dorneles GP, Nunes RB, Peres A, Romão PRT, Rhoden CR. Exposure to fine particulate matter partially counteract adaptations on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation of endurance exercise in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:287-296. [PMID: 35820034 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2098425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution triggers metabolic alterations along with oxidative stress and inflammation, while exercise interventions are widely used to improve those parameters. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to determine the effects of subchronic exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and endurance exercise training on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation of the heart and gastrocnemius muscle of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 experimental groups: Untrained; Endurance training (ET); Untrained + PM2.5; Endurance training + PM2.5. Rats exposed to air pollution received 50 µg of PM2.5 via intranasal instillation daily for 12 weeks. Exercised groups underwent endurance training, consisting in running on an electronic treadmill (70% of maximal capacity, 5 days/week, 5 times/week) for 12 weeks. Glucose metabolism markers, redox state, and inflammatory variables were evaluated in the heart and gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS ET and ET + PM2.5 group had lower body mass gain and higher exercise capacity, and higher glycogen concentration in the heart and gastrocnemius muscle. In the heart, ET and ET + PM2.5 groups had higher levels of GSH, and lower TBARS and TNF-α concentrations. In the gastrocnemius muscle, the ET group showed higher leptin and lower TBARS and IL-1β concentrations, ET and ET + PM2.5 showed higher superoxide dismutase activity and ROS content. CONCLUSION PM2.5 exposure partially blunts metabolic and inflammatory adaptations in heart and gastrocnemius muscle tissues induced by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bernardi RB, Zanchi ACT, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Veras MM, Saldiva PHN, Barros HMT, Rhoden CR. The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution over oxidative stress parameters and brain histology. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:47407-47417. [PMID: 33890219 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution (AP) triggers neuroinflammation and lipoperoxidation involved in physiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to ambient AP in oxidative stress (OS) parameters and number of neurons and microglial cells of the cortex and striatum. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were distributed in four groups of exposure: control group (FA), exposed throughout life to filtered air; group PA-FA, pre-natal exposed to polluted air until weaning and then to filtered air; group FA-PA, pre-natal exposed to filtered air until weaning and then to polluted air; and group PA, exposed throughout life to polluted air. After 150 days of exposure, the rats were euthanized for biochemical and histological determinations. The malondialdehyde concentration in the cortex and striatum was significantly higher in the PA group. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the cortex of all groups exposed to AP while activity of catalase was not modified in the cortex or striatum. The total glutathione concentration was lower in the cortex and higher in the striatum of the FA-PA group. The number of neurons or microglia in the striatum did not differ between FA and PA. On the other hand, neurons and microglia cell numbers were significantly higher in the cortex of the FA-PA group. Our findings suggest that the striatum and cortex have dissimilar thresholds to react to AP exposure and different adaptable responses to chronically AP-induced OS. At least for the cortex, changing to a non-polluted ambient early in life was able to avoid and/or reverse the OS, although some alterations in enzymatic antioxidant system may be permanent. As a result, it is important to clarify the effects of AP in the cortical organization and function because of limited capacity of brain tissue to deal with threatening environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Bossle Bernardi
- Laboratory of OS and Atmospheric Pollution, Health Basic Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Pharmacology Division, Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Tedesco Zanchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Course in Physiopathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Post-Graduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Division, Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of OS and Atmospheric Pollution, Health Basic Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Division, Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Marmett B, Pires Dorneles G, Böek Carvalho R, Peres A, Roosevelt Torres Romão P, Barcos Nunes R, Ramos Rhoden C. Air pollution concentration and period of the day modulates inhalation of PM 2.5 during moderate- and high-intensity interval exercise. Environ Res 2021; 194:110528. [PMID: 33248052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in minute ventilation during exercise led to higher inhalation of air pollution and, consequently, to exacerbation of health issues. Therefore, the intensity of exercise and the air pollution concentration of the environment could be determinant variables to poor outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the inhaled dose of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) during a moderate- and high-intensity interval exercise session performed in the morning and evening at different locations of Porto Alegre City. Eighteen individuals performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test, a moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE), and a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Heart rate was monitored to estimate minute ventilation and total ventilation of the session. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured during the morning (6-8a.m.) and evening (6-8p.m.) by fixed-site monitors placed at five points of Porto Alegre City. The PM2.5 inhalation during MIIE and HIIE performed in the morning and evening in the monitoring points was estimated. HIIE showed higher minute ventilation (VE) (p = 0.0048) and total ventilation did not differ between groups (p = 0.4648). PM2.5 concentrations were higher during the mornings (p < 0.001). Monitored point 1 had higher levels of PM2.5 in the morning and evening (p < 0.001). The inhalation of PM2.5 in the morning showed no difference in MIIE (p = 0.8172) and HIIE (p = 0.7306) groups among the points. In the evening, the inhalation of PM2.5 was higher in point 1 in MIIE and HIIE group (p < 0.001). MIIE and HIIE had higher inhalation of PM2.5 in the morning than in the evening (p < 0.001). Total ventilation of exercise is a crucial factor that contributes to the inhalation dose of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Dorneles GP, da Silva IM, Romão PRT, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. Air pollution inhalation during acute exercise is dependent of the body mass index and ventilation of young men. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39019-39028. [PMID: 32642897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and physical inactivity threaten human health, and both could be solved with exercise. However, a higher amount of pollutants is inhaled during exercise. Exposure to air pollution increases the incidence and progression of diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the rate of pollution inhalation of lean, overweight, and obese individuals in a low and high-intensity hypothetical exercise session. Healthy sedentary men (n = 135) classified as lean, overweight, or obese were enrolled in our study. All participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) to collect ventilation rate (VE) data, which was used to predict total ventilation and pollutant inhalation of a 5-km running session. Air pollutant concentration of São Paulo City, Brazil was evaluated and the toxicological risk was estimated based on the potential intake dose. The concentrations of PM2.5 were 29.57 μg/m3 and 51.71 μg/m3, PM10 were 45.85 μg/m3 and 74 μg/m3, NO2 were 63.71 μg/m3 and 66.65 μg/m3, and O3 were 69 μg/m3 and 37 μg/m3, respectively in the summer and winter. In the hypothetical exercise session, total VE and time in both the first and second threshold were increased in the obese group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.001). The inhalation of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3, during the hypothetical session, was increased in obese individuals (p < 0.001). Obese individuals should be considered a susceptible population, once they are more exposed to air pollution during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Dorneles GP, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. Should I stay or should I go: Can air pollution reduce the health benefits of physical exercise? Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Stefani GP, Nunes RB, Rossato DD, Hentschke VS, Domenico MD, Lago PD, Rhoden CR. Quantification of DNA Damage in Different Tissues in Rats with Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:234-242. [PMID: 32215490 PMCID: PMC7077576 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome which comprises structural and functional alterations in the heart in maintaining the adequate blood demand to all tissues. Few investigations sought to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in CHF. Objective To quantify the DNA damage using the comet assay in left ventricle (LV), lungs, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and soleus in rats with CHF. Methods Twelve male Wistar rats (300 to 330 g) were selected for the study: Sham (n = 6) and CHF (n = 6). The animals underwent myocardial infarction by the ligation of the left coronary artery. After six weeks, the animals were euthanized. It was performed a cell suspension of the tissues. The comet assay was performed to evaluate single and double strand breaks in DNA. Significance level (p) considered < 0.05. Results The CHF group showed higher values of left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary congestion, cardiac hypertrophy and lower values of maximal positive and negative derivatives of LV pressure, LV systolic pressure (p < 0.05). CHF group showed higher DNA damage (% tail DNA, tail moment and Olive tail moment) compared to Sham (p < 0.001). The tissue with the highest damage was the soleus, compared to LV and gastrocnemius in CHF group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicates that the CHF affects all tissues, both centrally and peripherically, being more affected in skeletal muscle (soleus) and is positively correlated with LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
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Goettems-Fiorin PB, Costa-Beber LC, Dos Santos JB, Friske PT, Sulzbacher LM, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Rhoden CR, Heck TG. Ovariectomy predisposes female rats to fine particulate matter exposure's effects by altering metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20581-20594. [PMID: 31104233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of estrogen levels, as a result of menopause, is associated with the development of metabolic diseases caused by alterations in oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory biomarkers, and 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) expression. Additionally, exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution modifies liver OS levels and predisposes organisms to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated whether ovariectomy affects hepatic tissue and alters glucose metabolism in female rats exposed to particulate air pollution. First, 24 female Wistar rats received an intranasal instillation of saline or particles suspended in saline 5 times per week for 12 weeks. The animals then received either bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or false surgery (sham) and continued to receive saline or particles for 12 additional weeks, comprising four groups: CTRL, Polluted, OVX, and Polluted+OVX. Ovariectomy increased body weight and adiposity and promoted edema in hepatic tissue, hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, and a pro-inflammatory profile (reduced IL-10 levels and increased IL-6/IL-10 ratio levels), independent of particle exposure. The Polluted+OVX group showed an increase in neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, decreased antioxidant defense (SOD activity), and increased liver iHSP70 levels. In conclusion, alterations in the reproductive system predispose female organisms to particulate matter air pollution effects by affecting metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Taís Friske
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Rhoden FR, Rhoden CR. Seasonal Influence in Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Concentrations in Urban Parks from Porto Alegre, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ojap.2019.84005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kostrycki IM, Wildner G, Donato YH, dos Santos AB, Beber LCC, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Keane KN, Cruzat V, Rhoden CR, Heck TG. Effects of High-Fat Diet on eHSP72 and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Levels in Mice Submitted to Exercise under Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4858740. [PMID: 30723746 PMCID: PMC6339705 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4858740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, air pollution, and exercise induce alterations in the heat shock response (HSR), in both intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70) and the plasmatic extracellular form (eHSP72). Extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio (H-index = eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio) represents a candidate biomarker of subclinical health status. This study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the HSR and oxidative stress parameters, in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Thirty-day-old male isogenic B6129F2/J mice were maintained for 16 weeks on standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Then, mice were exposed to either saline or 50 μg of PM2.5 by intranasal instillation and subsequently maintained at rest or subjected to moderate- or high-intensity swimming exercise. HFD mice exhibited high adiposity and glucose intolerance at week 16th. HFD mice submitted to moderate- or high-intensity exercise were not able to complete the exercise session and showed lower levels of eHSP70 and H-index, when compared to controls. PM2.5 exposure modified the glycaemic response to exercise and modified hematological responses in HFD mice. Our study suggests that obesity is a critical health condition for exercise prescription under PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iberê Machado Kostrycki
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Air Pollution, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Wildner
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Yohanna Hannah Donato
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Air Pollution, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:370-380. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gamalho da Silveira
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Marmett B, Nunes RB, de Souza KS, Lago PD, Rhoden CR. Aerobic training reduces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of rats exposed to air pollution and supplemented with chromium picolinate. Redox Rep 2018; 23:146-152. [PMID: 29776315 PMCID: PMC6748694 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2018.1475993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects
of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation associated with aerobic exercise
using measures of oxidative stress in rats exposed to air pollution. Methods: Sixty-one male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups:
residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure and sedentary (ROFA-SED); ROFA exposure,
sedentary and supplemented (ROFA-SED-CrPic); ROFA exposure and trained
(ROFA-AT); ROFA exposure, supplemented and trained (ROFA-AT-CrPic); sedentary
(Sal-SED); sedentary and supplemented (Sal-SED-CrPic); trained (Sal-AT); and
supplemented and trained (Sal-AT-CrPic). Rats exposed to ROFA (air pollution)
received 50 µg of ROFA daily via intranasal instillation.
Supplemented rats received CrPic (1 mg/kg/day) daily by oral gavage.
Exercise training was performed on a rat treadmill (5×/week). Oxidative
parameters were evaluated at the end of protocols. Results: Trained groups demonstrated lower gain of body mass
(P < .001) and increased exercise
tolerance (P < .0001). In the gastrocnemius,
trained groups demonstrated increased SOD activity
(P < .0001) and decrease levels of TBARS
(P = .0014), although CAT activity did
not differ among groups (P = .4487). Conclusion: Air pollution exposure did not lead to alterations in
oxidative markers in lungs and heart, and exercise training was responsible for
decreasing oxidative stress of the gastrocnemius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- b Research Department , Sul-Rio-Grandense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology , Gravataí , Brazil.,c Laboratory of Experimental Physiology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Kellen Sábio de Souza
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- c Laboratory of Experimental Physiology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Carvalho RB, Carneiro MFH, Barbosa F, Batista BL, Simonetti J, Amantéa SL, Rhoden CR. The impact of occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution among professional motorcyclists from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its association with genetic and oxidative damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18620-18631. [PMID: 29704180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles play an important role in modern life; however, they also generate hazards. Occupational exposed subjects are in long-term contact with harmful products, which sets these professionals in a susceptible group to air pollutant damage. The aims of this study were to quantify individual exposure to pollutant gases and chemical elements and to evaluate oxidative and genetic damage in professional motorcyclists and office workers. We recruited professional motorcyclists and office workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was assessed by passive monitoring. Fingernail trace elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified spectrophotometrically, and genotoxicity was evaluated by micronuclei assay. Individual exposure to NO2 and O3, trace element content (Sb, Pt, As, Cd, V, Mn, and Co), oxidative stress factors, and genetic damage were statistically higher in professional motorcyclists (p < 0.05). Moreover, NO2 and O3 levels showed very strong positive correlation with plasmatic lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001 and r = 0.8849 and 0.8995) and strong positive correlation with micronuclei frequency (p < 0.001 and r = 0.7683 and 0.7280). Results suggest that professional motorcyclists are at high risk due to long-term air pollution exposure, which implies in the onset of several harmful effects and worsening of pre-existent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia Simonetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Amantéa
- Santo Antônio Hospital, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Barcelos GT, Rossato DD, Perini JL, Pinheiro LP, Carvalho C, Jaenisch RB, Rhoden CR, Lago PD, Nunes RB. Effects of l-arginine supplementation associated with continuous or interval aerobic training on chronic heart failure rats. Metabolism 2017; 76:1-10. [PMID: 28987235 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic heart failure (CHF) is related with exercise intolerance and impaired nitric oxide (NO) production, which can lead to several functional capacity alterations. Considering the possible superiority of aerobic interval training compared to continuous training and the capacity of l-arginine to restore the NO pathway, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether these treatments are beneficial to exercise capacity, muscle mass preservation and hemodynamic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in CHF rats. METHODS Thirty-eight male Wistar rats post 6weeks of myocardial infarction (MI) surgery were randomly assigned into 6 CHF groups: sedentary (SED, n=6); SED+Arg (n=7); ACT (n=8); ACT+Arg (n=5); AIT (n=7); AIT+Arg (n=5). Exercise test capacity (ETC) was performed pre and post 8weeks of intervention. Supplemented rats received Arg (1g/kg) by oral gavage (7×/week). Exercise training was performed on a rat treadmill (5×/week). Hemodynamic variables, tissue collection, congestion, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative parameters were evaluated at the end of protocols. RESULTS All trained groups showed a superior exercise capacity compared to SED groups on the post-intervention test (p<0.0001). Pulmonary congestion was attenuated in AIT and AIT+Arg compared with the SED group (p<0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was lower in ACT+Arg, AIT, and AIT+Arg groups than SED group (p<0.05). Association of AIT with Arg supplementation was able to improve hemodynamic responses (left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), +dP/dtmax, and -dP/dtmax (p<0.05), likewise, decrease muscular and renal lipid peroxidation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and increase interleukin (IL)-10/TNF-α plasmatic levels (p<0.01). Groups that associated aerobic exercise with Arg supplementation (ACT+Arg and AIT+Arg) revealed higher gastrocnemius mass compared to the SED group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic training protocols were capable to improve aerobic capacity, and the association with Arg supplementation was important to attenuate muscle loss. Moreover, interval training associated with Arg supplementation elicits greater improvements in hemodynamic parameters, contributing to reduction in pulmonary congestion, and demonstrated particular responses in the inflammatory profile and in the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tedesco Barcelos
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dalcin Rossato
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Luiza Perini
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carol Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Boemo Jaenisch
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Air Pollution, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Fagundes LS, Fleck ADS, Zanchi AC, Saldiva PHN, Rhoden CR. Direct contact with particulate matter increases oxidative stress in different brain structures. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:462-7. [PMID: 26327340 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the neurological adverse effects caused by exposure to air pollution, specifically in relation to pollutant particulate matter (PM). The objective of this study was to investigate the direct effect of PM in increased concentrations in different brain regions, as well as the mechanisms involving its neurotoxicity, by evaluating oxidative stress parameters in vitro. METHODS Olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of rats were homogenized and incubated with PM < 2.5 μm of diameter (PM2.5) at concentrations of 3, 5 and 10 µg/mg of tissue. The oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation of these structures was determined by testing the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA-RS). In addition, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS All PM concentrations were able to damage the cerebellum and hippocampus, strongly enhancing the lipid peroxidation in both structures. PM incubation also decreased the CAT activity of the hippocampus, cerebellum, striatum and olfactory bulb, though it did not generate higher levels of lipid peroxidation in either of the last two structures. PM incubation did not alter any measurement of the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION The cerebellum and hippocampus seem to be more susceptible than other brain structures to in vitro direct PM exposure assay and the oxidative stress pathway catalyzes the neurotoxic effect of PM exposure, as evidenced by high consumption of CAT and high levels of TBA-RS. Thus, PM direct exposure seems to activate toxic neurological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sagrillo Fagundes
- a Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Poluição Atmosférica - Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil and
| | - Alan da Silveira Fleck
- a Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Poluição Atmosférica - Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil and
| | - Ana Claudia Zanchi
- a Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Poluição Atmosférica - Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil and
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- b Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo-USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- a Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Poluição Atmosférica - Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil and
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Lucas ML, Rhoden CR, Rhoden EL, Zettler CG, Mattos AAD. Effects of L-arginine and L-NAME on ischemia-reperfusion in rat liver. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:345-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150050000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Stefani GP, Baldissera G, Nunes RB, Heck TG, Rhoden CR. Metabolic Syndrome and DNA Damage: The Interplay of Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Development of Metabolic Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2015.57009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stefani GP, Nunes RB, Dornelles AZ, Alves JP, Piva MO, Domenico MD, Rhoden CR, Lago PD. Effects of creatine supplementation associated with resistance training on oxidative stress in different tissues of rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:11. [PMID: 24655435 PMCID: PMC3994392 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Creatine supplementation is known to exert an effect by increasing strength in high intensity and short duration exercises. There is a hypothesis which suggests that creatine supplementation may provide antioxidant activity by scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. However, the antioxidant effect of creatine supplementation associated with resistance training has not yet been described in the literature. Therefore, we investigated the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation associated with resistance training over maximum strength gain and oxidative stress in rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (250-300 g, 90 days old) were randomly allocated into 4 groups: Sedentary (SED, n = 10), Sedentary + Creatine (SED-Cr, n = 10), Resistance Training (RT, n = 10) and Resistance Training + Creatine (RT-Cr, n = 10). Trained animals were submitted to the RT protocol (4 series of 10–12 repetitions, 90 second interval, 4 times per week, 65% to 75% of 1MR, for 8 weeks). Results In this study, greater strength gain was observed in the SED-Cr, RT and RT-Cr groups compared to the SED group (P < 0.001). The RT-Cr group showed a higher maximum strength gain when compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Creatine supplementation associated with resistance training was able to reduce lipoperoxidation in the plasma (P < 0.05), the heart (P < 0.05), the liver (P < 0.05) and the gastrocnemius (P < 0.05) when compared to control groups. However, the supplementation had no influence on catalase activity (CAT) in the analyzed organs. Only in the heart was the CAT activity higher in the RT-Cr group (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower in all of the analyzed organs in the SED-Cr group (P < 0.05), while SOD activity was lower in the trained group and sedentary supplemented group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Creatine was shown to be an effective non-enzymatic antioxidant with supplementation alone and also when it was associated with resistance training in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia - UFCSPA/Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 900050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Galant LW, de Mattos AA, Menti E, Valiatti FB, de Mattos AZ, Porawski M, Hartmann A, Rhoden CR. The effect of celecoxib on the development of diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumors in rats. Ann Hepatol 2013; 12:425-33. [PMID: 23619259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors in the world, and it typically has a poor prognosis. Extensive studies have examined the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective to COX-2 on the chemoprevention of various tumors. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of celecoxib on the development of liver tumors in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in a group of 75 rats with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. The animals were divided into 5 groups. Three groups received various doses of celecoxib, one group received indomethacin, and a control group received no non-steroidal selective anti inflammatory drugs. RESULTS The experimental model was considered to be successful because 78% of the rats in the control group developed liver tumors. The number of neoplastic lesions was similar among the celecoxib, indomethacin and control groups, although the nodule diameter of the lesions was smaller in the celecoxib group. Better results were observed in animals that received celecoxib at doses of 6 and 9 mg/kg/ day; 4 rats in these groups did not show any neoplastic histological lesions, and a greater proportion of the nodules in the other animals in these groups were benign than in the groups that did not use celecoxib. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that celecoxib may play a role in modifying the natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Widholzer Galant
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Damiani RM, Piva MO, Petry MR, Saldiva PHN, Tavares Duarte de Oliveira A, Rhoden CR. Is cardiac tissue more susceptible than lung to oxidative effects induced by chronic nasotropic instillation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA)? Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:533-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.692109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pereira CEL, Heck TG, Saldiva PHN, Rhoden CR. Ambient particulate air pollution from vehicles promotes lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses in rat lung. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:1353-9. [PMID: 17713644 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of particle-dependent lung injury. Ambient particle levels from vehicles have not been previously shown to cause oxidative stress to the lungs. The present study was conducted to a) determine whether short-term exposure to ambient levels of particulate air pollution from vehicles elicits inflammatory responses and lipid peroxidation in rat lungs, and b) determine if intermittent short-term exposures (every 4 days) induce some degree of tolerance. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were exposed to ambient particulate matter (PM) from vehicles (N = 30) for 6 or 20 continuous hours, or for intermittent (5 h) periods during 20 h for 4 consecutive days or to filtered air (PM <10 microm; N = 30). Rats continuously breathing polluted air for 20 h (P-20) showed a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage compared to control (C-20: 2.61 x 105 +/- 0.51;P-20: 5.01 x 105 +/- 0.81; P < 0.05) and in lipid peroxidation ([MDA] nmol/mg protein: C-20: 0.148 +/- 0.01; P-20: 0.226 +/- 0.02; P < 0.05). Shorter exposure (6 h) and intermittent 5-h exposures over a period of 4 days did not cause significant changes in leukocytes. Lipid damage resulting from 20-h exposure to particulate air pollution did not cause a significant increase in lung water content. These data suggest oxidative stress as one of the mechanisms responsible for the acute adverse respiratory effects of particles, and suggest that short-term inhalation of ambient particulate air pollution from street with high automobile traffic represents a biological hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E L Pereira
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas e Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Poluição Atmosférica, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Gonzales PH, Rhoden CR, Luz C, Corrêa G, Barbosa-Coutinho LM, Oliveira MC. Male gonadal function, prolactin secretion and lactotroph population in an experimental model of cirrhosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 40:1383-8. [PMID: 17713659 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis, a highly prevalent chronic disease, is frequently associated with endocrine dysfunctions, notably in the gonadal axis. We evaluated lactotroph population by immunohistochemistry, gonadotropins and prolactin by immunoradiometric assay and testosterone and estradiol by radioimmunoassay in adult male Wistar rats with cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. No significant difference in mean +/- SEM percentages of lactotrophs was found between cirrhotic animals and controls (N = 12, mean 18.95 +/- 1.29%). Although there was no significant difference between groups in mean serum levels of prolactin (control: 19.2 +/- 4 ng/mL), luteinizing hormone (control: 1.58 +/- 0.43 ng/mL), follicle-stimulating hormone (control: 19.11 +/- 2.28 ng/mL), estradiol (control: 14.65 +/- 3.22 pg/mL), and total testosterone (control: 138.41 +/- 20.07 ng/dL), 5 of the cirrhotic animals presented a hormonal profile consistent with hypogonadism, all of them pointing to a central origin of this dysfunction. Four of these animals presented high levels of estradiol and/or prolactin, with a significant correlation between these two hormones in both groups (r = 0.54; P = 0.013). It was possible to detect the presence of central hypogonadism in this model of cirrhotic animals. The hyperestrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia found in some hypogonadal animals suggest a role in the genesis of hypogonadism, and in the present study they were not associated with lactotroph hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Gonzales
- Departamento de Endocrinologia, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Rhoden EL, Rhoden CR, Lucas ML, Pereira-Lima L, Zettler C, Belló-Klein A. The role of nitric oxide pathway in the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Transpl Immunol 2002; 10:277-84. [PMID: 12507399 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(02)00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), seems to play an ambiguous role during tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine, a NO donor, and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor, on oxidative stress, renal dysfunction, histologic alterations and surgical mortality rate induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) in uninephrectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred and ninety-seven Wistar rats were randomized into five experimental groups. Group 1: sham operation; group 2: right uninephrectomy (UNI); group 3: UNI + RIR in the contralateral kidney; group 4: UNI + L-NAME (20 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) + RIR; and group 5: UNI + L-arginine + RIR. The effect of the drugs was evaluated by lipid peroxidation measured by the renal malondialdehyde (MD) content and chemiluminescence (CL) levels, serum creatinine (Cr) levels, urinary volume, tubular necrosis and athrophy, inflammatory infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis as histologic evaluation and surgical mortality rate after the procedures. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Right uninephrectomy did not alter the renal parameters. RIR increased Cr levels (at 24 and 96 h of reperfusion), index of lipid peroxidation (both MD and QL levels), and worsened the histologic aspects. Pretreatment with L-arginine reduced the kidney levels of QL when compared with the non-treated group (5574 +/- 909 vs. 13 660 +/- 1104 cps/mg of protein; P < 0.05) but increased the MD levels (0.97 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg of protein; P < 0.05). Moreover, L-arginine attenuated the increment of Cr levels, inflammatory infiltrate and tubular athrophy in rats subjected to RIR (P < 0.05). On the other hand, pretreatment with L-NAME increased both CL (17 482 +/- 4397 vs. 13 660 +/- 1104 cps/mg of protein; P < 0.05) and MD levels (1.16 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg of protein; P < 0.05). Furthermore, L-NAME worsened the renal dysfunction (P < 0.05) at 192 h after the RIR, and surgical mortality rates were similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION L-arginine has a tendency to exert a beneficial effect on renal damage during RIR in rats. Moreover, L-NAME seems to worsen the renal damage by increasing the kidney-levels of CL and impairment of renal function probably due to reduction of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernani Luís Rhoden
- Course of Post-Graduation in Medical Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Telöken C, Lucas ML, Belló-Klein A, Rhoden CR. Beneficial effect of alpha-tocopherol in renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 87:164-6. [PMID: 11700016 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.87.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the products of lipid peroxidation and serum creatinine levels in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. The animals were submitted to sham operation or renal ischemia-reperfusion, and they were pretreated with alpha-tocopherol or the vehicle saline. In four groups, we analyzed the lipid peroxidation products by measuring malondialdehyde and chemiluminescence levels. In the other three groups, we studied the serum creatinine levels after the procedures. In our study, the pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol reduced significantly the lipid peroxidation of renal cells and renal dysfunction induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Post-Graduation Course in Medical Clinical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, RS, Brazil.
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Rhoden EL, Lucas ML, Pereira-Lima L, Rhoden CR, Souto CA. Effects of L-arginine on the kidney levels of malondialdehyde in rats submitted to renal ischaemia-reperfusion. BJU Int 2001; 88:273-7. [PMID: 11488745 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide donor, on kidney levels of malondialdehyde (MDA, a product of cellular lipid peroxidation), serum creatinine levels, and urinary volume in rats undergoing unilateral renal ischaemia-reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats (117) were randomly distributed into three experimental groups (of four subgroups each) in which were assessed renal cell-lipid peroxidation (kidney levels of MDA), serum creatinine levels and urinary volume. The rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy followed by contralateral renal ischaemia-reperfusion with or with no pretreatment with L-arginine (200 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally. RESULTS Pretreatment with L-arginine caused significantly higher kidney levels of MDA than in the untreated group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, L-arginine given before surgery attenuated the increase in serum creatinine and significantly increased urinary volume in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION L-arginine tended to be of benefit for renal function during renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. Pretreatment with L-arginine (200 mg/kg intraperitoneally) seems to increase the renal damage by increasing kidney levels of MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Department of General Surgery, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil CEP 90450-140.
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Rhoden CR, Lucas ML, Telöken C, Belló-Klein A. Role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. Eur J Surg 2001; 167:224-8. [PMID: 11316412 DOI: 10.1080/110241501750099537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway during renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. DESIGN Randomised experimental study. SETTING Teaching hospital, Brazil. ANIMALS 97 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to 4 groups for the assessment of renal dysfunction and to 6 groups for the assessment of the oxidative stress induced on renal cell membranes by ischaemia-reperfusion. INTERVENTIONS The animals underwent sham-operation or renal ischaemia-reperfusion (n = 9 each) with or without pretreatment with L-arginine (a NO donor) or L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester--an inhibitor of NO production) (n = 10 each). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum creatinine concentrations and oxidative stress by chemiluminescence initiated by the tert-butyl hydroperoxide technique. RESULTS Renal ischaemia-reperfusion significantly worsened renal dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in the ischaemia-reperfusion group after 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with L-NAME slightly but not significantly increased serum creatinine concentrations after 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion together with activity of reactive oxygen species during renal ischaemia-reperfusion. L-arginine also significantly protected renal function and reduced the increment in the amount of chemiluminescence induced by giving L-NAME during 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The L-arginine/NO pathway seems to have a slightly protective effect on the kidney after renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. These results need to be confirmed by studies in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Medical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Rhoden CR, Lucas ML, Mauri M, Zettler CG. Análise das alterações histopatológicas dos fígado de ratos pré-tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à isquemia: reperfusão hepática. Rev Col Bras Cir 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912000000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: As espécies ativas de oxigênio (EAO), originadas pela ação da enzima xantina-oxidase, têm importância na fisiopatologia da síndrome isquêmica-reperfusional. Foi nosso objetivo verificar o possível efeito citoprotetor do alopurinol (inibidor da xantina-oxidase) sobre as alterações histológicas decorrentes da isquemia-reperfusão hepática. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 60 ratos Wistar assim divididos: grupo 1(n=20): pré-tratado com alopurinol e submetido à laparotomia e à exposição do pedículo hepático por 45 min.; grupo 2 (n=20): tratado com alopurinol e submetido à isquemia hepática seletiva por 45 min.; e grupo 3 (n=20): submetido apenas à isquemia por 45 min. A cada 24 horas, durante quatro dias, cinco animais de cada grupo foram submetidos a hepatectomias parciais para estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Na análise das 24h, houve aumento significativo da congestão vascular e da necrose nos grupos de animais submetidos à isquemia (2 e 3) quando comparados aos do grupo controle (grupo 1) (p<0,05). Na análise das 48h, os resultados se repetiram em relação à necrose hepática. Não se observaram diferenças significativas nos tempos de 72 e 96h. Além disso, no período das 24h, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa da necrose nos animais submetidos à isquemia e pré-tratados com alopurinol quando comparados ao grupo não tratado. CONCLUSÕES: A isquemia transitória normotérmica hepática causa significativas alterações histopatológicas nos fígados de ratos. Em nosso estudo, o alopurinol exerceu efeito benéfico em relação à necrose hepatocitária, o que reforça o envolvimento da enzima xantina oxidase no dano decorrente da isquemia-reperfusão hepática.
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Farias EÁ, Fontes PRO, Rhoden CR, Lucas ML, Leal MLM, Sabedotti M, Rhoden EL. Acompanhamento de um modelo de indução de cirrose em ratos mediante vídeolaparoscopia. Acta Cir Bras 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502000000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Os autores apresentam um modelo de vídeolaparoscopia experimental para avaliar a hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4) em ratos. Nódulos sobre a superfície hepática e aumento significativo das provas de função hepatobiliar (alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina e g -glutamiltranspeptidase) foram observados nos ratos tratados com CCl4. Além disso, cirrose hepática foi diagnosticada por estudo histopatológico em todos os ratos submetidos à administração de CC1(4). Desta maneira, a vídeolaparoscopia experimental em ratos parece ser um método diagnóstico excelente que merece mais investigação para explorar as conseqüências fisiológicas da cirurgia laparoscópica.
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Kalil AN, Lucas ML, Mauri M, Menti E, Rhoden CR, Pereira-Lima J, Zettler CG, Belló-Klein A. Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on oxidative stress in hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Kobe J Med Sci 2000; 46:171-80. [PMID: 11354928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on oxidative stress in hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation products (LPO). Cirrhosis of the liver was induced by CCl4 administration. This drug was dissolved in mineral oil and the control group received only mineral oil intraperitoneally. Forty-five minutes of ischemia followed by one hour of reperfusion were performed. LPO products were evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method (TBARS) and chemiluminescence initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide technique (CL). The liver was submitted to histologic evaluation to check whether cirrhosis was present. The results demonstrated that ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase of LPO products in cirrhotic rats when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hepatic cirrhosis was present in all animals treated with CCl4 and no significant histologic alterations were observed in the control group. According to this study, we can conclude that the effect of ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis caused a significant increase of the hepatic-levels of LPO products when compared to the noncirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Department of General Surgery, Porto Alegre School of Medical Sciences/Santa Casa University Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rhoden EL, Mauri M, Rhoden CR, Leal MLM, Sabedotti M, Lucas ML, Pereira-Lima L. Taxa de mortalidade em ratos submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão hepática, tratados ou não com alopurinol. Acta Cir Bras 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86501999000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A isquemia transitória hepática tem sido cada vez mais amplamente utilizada. Contudo, essa atitude, embora muitas vezes benéfica, é contrabalançada pelos efeitos adversos advindos da isquemia hepática e da congestão esplênica, assim como, das conseqüências da reperfusão. O objetivo dos autores é determinar os efeitos da isquemia seletiva em animais pré-tratados ou não com alopurinol, inibidor da xantina oxidase sobre a mortalidade dos animais. Foram utilizados 30 ratos assim divididos: Grupo I (n=10): pré-tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à laparotomia e exposição do pedículo hepático por 45 minutos. Grupo II (n=10): tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à isquemia hepática seletiva por 45 minutos. Grupo III (n=10): submetidos apenas à isquemia por 45 minutos. A mortalidade pós-operatória foi avaliada a cada 24 horas, por um período de 10 dias. Entre os animais do grupo I, não foram observados óbitos, entretanto, naqueles dos grupos II e III, as mortalidades globais foram respectivamente 20 e 46,7%. Diferença estatisticamente significativa, apenas, entre a mortalidade observada no grupo III em relação ao controle (p<0,05). A mortalidade pós-operatória no grupo de animais submetidos à isquemia sem pré-tratamento com alopurinol ascende as cifras de 46,67% dos animais, enquanto naqueles pré-tratados com alopurinol houve um importante decréscimo para 20%. Embora sem uma distinção estatisticamente significativa, reflete uma tendência de um efeito protetor do alopurinol na isquemia e reperfusão hepática.
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima J, Rhoden CR, Mauri M, Pereira-Lima JC, Zettler CG, Barros EG. The role of colchicine in prevention of hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46:1111-5. [PMID: 10370676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The present study was undertaken to determine whether colchicine has a beneficial effect in the prevention of hepatic cirrhosis when it is given simultaneously with CCl4. METHODOLOGY Wistar rats were employed as experimental animals and divided into 6 groups: Group I received saline solution, Group II, saline solution and mineral oil; Group III, colchicine (10 micrograms/100 g) and mineral oil; Group IV, colchicine (10 micrograms/100 g) and CCl4; Group V, colchicine (5 micrograms/100 g) and CCl4; and, Group VI received saline solution and CCl4. The effect of colchicine was evaluated by liver function tests, serum total proteins, electrolytes and histological evaluation. RESULTS The results demonstrated higher values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in groups IV and V when compared with group VI (p < 0.05). No difference between group VI and groups IV and V was observed in histological evaluation, serum total proteins and electrolytes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Colchicine, as given in this study, did not have any protective effect in the prevention of cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundacao Faculdade Federal Ciencias Medicas of Porto Alegre FFFCMPA, Santa Casa University Hospital, Brazil
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Rhoden EL, Mauri M, Petteffi L, Dacanal F, Pilla M, Belló-Klein A, Telöken C, Barros E, Rhoden CR. Efeitos do alopurinol sobre a lipoperoxidação de membranas celulares renais na síndrome da isquemia e reperfusão: estudo experimental em ratos. Acta Cir Bras 1998. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86501998000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Vários estudos têm demonstrado que Radicais Livres de Oxigênio (RLO) contribuem para o dano celular decorrente da isquemia e reperfusão. Este estudo foi desenvolvido como o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos, tratados ou não com alopurinol, sobre a lipoperoxidação (LPO) das membranas celulares renais. Método: Foram usados ratos Wistar distribuídos em 4 grupos e submetidos a períodos de isquemia e reperfusão renal ou não, dependendo do grupo. Também foram submetidos ou não a tratamento com alopurinol na dose de 50 e 150 mg/Kg por via intraperitoneal, 5 e 1 horas antes do procedimento. Na avaliação da lipoperoxidação utilizou-se os métodos do TBARS e QL. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram aumento da LPO nos animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão renal. No entanto, estes efeitos deletérios foram reduzidos com o pré-tratamento com alopurinol (p<0,05). Conclusão: O dano causado em animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão renal pode ser demonstrado e quantificado pela LPO. Além disso, o alopurinol demonstrou proteção renal contra o dano decorrente desta síndrome, diminuindo a LPO nestes animais. Estes resultados sugerem que a via da xantina oxidase é uma das mais importantes rotas metabólicas envolvidas na geração de RLO, estes responsáveis em parte pelos danos funcionais do rim na síndrome da isquemia e reperfusão deste órgão.
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Sugizaki MF, Rhoden CR, Bombonatti DM, Montelli AC, Martinson ME, de Magalhães Lopes CA. Prevalence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp isolated from clinical specimens in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Iberoam Micol 1998; 15:16-8. [PMID: 17655397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the prevalence and the in vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs of Candida spp isolated from clinical specimens at our university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Among 6,417 samples studied, positive cultures, were obtained from 222 (3.5%) most of them (68%) from the pediatric unit and nursery. Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were the most frequent species and the susceptibility patterns of a panel of 130 isolates to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and fluconazole, showed that the order of antifungal efficacy was amphotericin B > ketoconazole > fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sugizaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rhoden EL, Mauri M, Petteffi L, Belló-Klein A, Zettler CG, Rhoden CR. [Protective effect of colchicine on tissue damage caused by free radicals in hepatic cirrhosis: an experimental study in rats]. Arq Gastroenterol 1997; 34:91-6. [PMID: 9496424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of colchicine on oxidative stress in cirrhosis assessed by lipid peroxidation products. Wistar rats were used and induced hepatic cirrhosis by carbon tetrachloride. After the cirrhosis-induced period colchicine was administrated daily during 90 days. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method (TBARS) and chemiluminescence initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The liver was submitted to histological evaluation to check whether cirrhosis was present. The results demonstrated an higher increase in lipid peroxide levels in cirrhotic tissue when compared with normal tissue and it was decreased by colchicine treatment (P < 0.05). Observing this study, we can conclude that hepatic cirrhosis produce an higher oxidative stress than normal liver and it can be decreased by colchicine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia da Fundação Federal Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre (FFFCMPA)
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