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Hao K, Zhang J, Di Narzo A, Zhang X, Hao A, Shan M, Deyssenroth M, Chen J, Zhang Z, Cheng H. Ethnic disparities in ambient air and traffic-related pollution exposure and ethnic-specific impacts on clinical biomarker levels. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162390. [PMID: 36841400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although characterizing the inequality in pollution exposure burden across ethnic groups and the ethnic-specific exposure associations is of great social and public health importance, it has not been systematically investigated in large population studies. METHODS The UK Biobank data (N = 485, 806) of individual-level air ambient and traffic-related pollution exposure, biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice, genotype, life-style factors, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Air pollution exposure estimates were compared among six genetically inferred ethnic groups. We also quantified the association between exposure and biomarkers within and across ethnicities. RESULTS Non-European participants (defined by genetics) disproportionately bear a higher burden of exposure than their European counterparts even after adjusting for covariables including socioeconomic status. For example, exposure to NO2 in people with African ancestry was 30.7 % higher (p = 1.5E-786) than European subjects. Within the genetically defined African group, larger African genetic ancestry proportion (AGAP) was linked to higher ambient air pollutant exposure. Trans-Ethnic analysis identified 32 clinical biomarkers associated with environmental exposure. For 13 biomarkers, the association with exposure was significantly different or even in opposing directions across ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Substantial disparities in air pollution exposure was observed among genetically-defined ethnic groups. Most importantly, we show that the impact of exposure on biomarkers varies by ethnicity. Reducing the disproportionally high exposure burden on non-European populations and alleviating the adverse consequences in an ethnic-specific manner are of great urgency and significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hao
- Radiology Department, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jushan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Alice Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maya Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Jiang N, Qi L, Wang B, Cao S, Wang L, Zou B, Zhang K, Qin N, Duan X. Traffic related activity pattern of Chinese adults: a nation-wide population based survey. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:482-489. [PMID: 36284190 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollutants lead to increased risks of many diseases. Understanding travel patterns and influencing factors are important for mitigating traffic exposures. However, there is a lack of national large-scale research. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the daily travel patterns of Chinese adults and provide basic data for traffic exposure and health risk research. METHODS We conducted the first nation-wide survey of travel patterns of adults (aged 18 and above) in China during 2011-2012. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative sample of 91, 121 adults from 31 provinces in China. We characterized typical travel patterns by cluster analysis and identified the associated factors of each pattern using multiple logistic regression and generalized linear regression models. RESULTS We found 115 typical daily travel patterns of Chinese adults and the top 11 accounted for 94% of the population. The interaction of age, urban and rural areas, income levels, gender, educational levels, city population and temperature affect people's choice of travel patterns. The average travel time of Chinese adults is 45 ± 40 min/day, with the longest travel time by the combination of walking and car (70 min/day). Gender has the largest effect on travel time (B = -8.94, 95% CI: -8.95, -8.93), followed by city GDP (B = -4.23, 95% CI: -4.23, -4.22), urban and rural areas (B = -3.62, 95% CI: -3.63, -3.61), age (B = -2.21, 95% CI: -2.21, -2.2), educational levels (B = -1.53, 95% CI: -1.53, -1.52), city area (B = -1.4, 95% CI: -1.4, -1.39) and temperature (B = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.21). SIGNIFICANCE This study was the first nation-wide study on traffic activity patterns in China, which provides basic data for traffic exposure and health risk research and provides the basis for the state to formulate transportation-related policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ning Qin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
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3
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Li B, Cao H, Liu K, Xia J, Sun Y, Peng W, Xie Y, Guo C, Liu X, Wen F, Zhang F, Shan G, Zhang L. Associations of long-term ambient air pollution and traffic-related pollution with blood pressure and hypertension defined by the different guidelines worldwide: the CHCN-BTH study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63057-63070. [PMID: 35449329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the generalization of the strict hypertension definition in the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline from environmental condition remains sparse. The aims of this study are to investigate and compare the associations of ambient air pollution and traffic-related pollution (TRP) with hypertension defined by the different criteria. A total of 32,135 participants were recruited from the baseline survey of the CHCN-BTH in 2017. We defined hypertension as SBP/DBP ≥ 140/90 mmHg according to the hypertension guidelines in China, Japan, Europe and ISH (traditional criteria) and defined as SBP/DBP ≥ 130/80 mmHg according to the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline (strict criteria). A two-level generalized linear mixed models were applied to investigate the associations of air pollutants (i.e. PM2.5, SO2, NO2) and TRP with blood pressure (BP) measures and hypertension. Stratified analyses and two-pollutant models were also performed. The stronger associations of air pollutants were found in the hypertension defined by the strict criteria than that defined by the traditional criteria. The ORs per an IQR increase in PM2.5 were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.25) for the strict criteria and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.23) for the traditional criteria. The similar conditions were also observed for TRP. The above results were robust in both stratified analyses and two-pollutant models. Our study assessed the significance of the hypertension defined by the strict criteria from environmental aspect and called attention to the more adverse effects of air pollution and TRP on the earlier stage of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyuan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Toutiao You Anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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4
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Boogaard H, Patton AP, Atkinson RW, Brook JR, Chang HH, Crouse DL, Fussell JC, Hoek G, Hoffmann B, Kappeler R, Kutlar Joss M, Ondras M, Sagiv SK, Samoli E, Shaikh R, Smargiassi A, Szpiro AA, Van Vliet EDS, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann FW, Forastiere F. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and selected health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int 2022; 164:107262. [PMID: 35569389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) continue to be of important public health interest. Following its well-cited 2010 critical review, the Health Effects Institute (HEI) appointed a new expert Panel to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between long-term exposure to TRAP and selected adverse health outcomes. Health outcomes were selected based on evidence of causality for general air pollution (broader than TRAP) cited in authoritative reviews, relevance for public health and policy, and resources available. The Panel used a systematic approach to search the literature, select studies for inclusion in the review, assess study quality, summarize results, and reach conclusions about the confidence in the evidence. An extensive search was conducted of literature published between January 1980 and July 2019 on selected health outcomes. A new exposure framework was developed to determine whether a study was sufficiently specific to TRAP. In total, 353 studies were included in the review. Respiratory effects in children (118 studies) and birth outcomes (86 studies) were the most commonly studied outcomes. Fewer studies investigated cardiometabolic effects (57 studies), respiratory effects in adults (50 studies), and mortality (48 studies). The findings from the systematic review, meta-analyses, and evaluation of the quality of the studies and potential biases provided an overall high or moderate-to-high level of confidence in an association between long-term exposure to TRAP and the adverse health outcomes all-cause, circulatory, ischemic heart disease and lung cancer mortality, asthma onsetin chilldren and adults, and acute lower respiratory infections in children. The evidence was considered moderate, low or very low for the other selected outcomes. In light of the large number of people exposed to TRAP - both in and beyond the near-road environment - the Panel concluded that the overall high or moderate-to-high confidence in the evidence for an association between long-term exposure to TRAP and several adverse health outcomes indicates that exposures to TRAP remain an important public health concern and deserve greater attention from the public and from policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boogaard
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - A P Patton
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R W Atkinson
- Epidemiology, Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J R Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - D L Crouse
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J C Fussell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Kutlar Joss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ondras
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - E Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - R Shaikh
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - D Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F W Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc, Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - F Forastiere
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Čabanová K, Štrbová K, Motyka O, Zeleník K, Dvořáčková J, Zabiegaj D, Havlíček M, Kukutschová J. Traffic pollution tracers in the lymphatic system tissue of children-possible link to chronic tonsillitis development: pilot study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39131-39138. [PMID: 35099699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The origin of metal elements in tonsillar tissues of children patients was investigated in order to establish the link between environmental pollution and tonsilitis diagnosis. The children lived either in a polluted, industrial region (Moravian-Silesian Region, North-East Czechia) or a clean, predominantly agricultural region (South Bohemian Region, South-East Czechia). Simultaneously, the distance of the address of the patients to the closest main road was assessed. The elemental content of the present particulate matter in the tonsil samples, coming from indicated tonsillectomies, was analysed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray microprobe. No significant association of the elemental composition and the region was found using both bivariate and multivariate methods; however, an association with the distance to the closest main road was found. The study presents a novel assessment of the tonsillar tissues and supports the link between environmental factors (traffic-related particulate pollution) and the onset of chronic, idiopathic diseases in children, which has been debated recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Čabanová
- Centre for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristína Štrbová
- ENET Centre, CEET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Zeleník
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvořáčková
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Zabiegaj
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | | | - Jana Kukutschová
- Centre for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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6
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Wang W, Yang S, Yin K, Zhao Z, Ying N, Fan J. Network approach reveals the spatiotemporal influence of traffic on air pollution under COVID-19. Chaos 2022; 32:041106. [PMID: 35489858 PMCID: PMC9058978 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution causes widespread environmental and health problems and severely hinders the quality of life of urban residents. Traffic is critical for human life, but its emissions are a major source of pollution, aggravating urban air pollution. However, the complex interaction between traffic emissions and air pollution in cities and regions has not yet been revealed. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 has led various cities and regions to implement different traffic restriction policies according to the local epidemic situation, which provides the possibility to explore the relationship between urban traffic and air pollution. Here, we explore the influence of traffic on air pollution by reconstructing a multi-layer complex network base on the traffic index and air quality index. We uncover that air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle (CCS), and Central China (CC) regions is significantly influenced by the surrounding traffic conditions after the outbreak. Under different stages of the fight against the epidemic, the influence of traffic in some regions on air pollution reaches the maximum in stage 2 (also called Initial Progress in Containing the Virus). For the BTH and CC regions, the impact of traffic on air quality becomes bigger in the first two stages and then decreases, while for CC, a significant impact occurs in phase 3 among the other regions. For other regions in the country, however, the changes are not evident. Our presented network-based framework provides a new perspective in the field of transportation and environment and may be helpful in guiding the government to formulate air pollution mitigation and traffic restriction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- School of National Safety and Emergency
Management, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087,
China
| | | | - Kai Yin
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing
Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhidan Zhao
- China Complexity Computation Lab, Department of
Computer Science, School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou
515063, China
| | - Na Ying
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental
Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingfang Fan
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Abstract
The unequal spatial distribution of ambient nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]), an air pollutant related to traffic, leads to higher exposure for minority and low socioeconomic status communities. We exploit the unprecedented drop in urban activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and use high-resolution, remotely sensed [Formula: see text] observations to investigate disparities in [Formula: see text] levels across different demographic subgroups in the United States. We show that, prior to the pandemic, satellite-observed [Formula: see text] levels in the least White census tracts of the United States were nearly triple the [Formula: see text] levels in the most White tracts. During the pandemic, the largest lockdown-related [Formula: see text] reductions occurred in urban neighborhoods that have 2.0 times more non-White residents and 2.1 times more Hispanic residents than neighborhoods with the smallest reductions. [Formula: see text] reductions were likely driven by the greater density of highways and interstates in these racially and ethnically diverse areas. Although the largest reductions occurred in marginalized areas, the effect of lockdowns on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic [Formula: see text] disparities was mixed and, for many cities, nonsignificant. For example, the least White tracts still experienced ∼1.5 times higher [Formula: see text] levels during the lockdowns than the most White tracts experienced prior to the pandemic. Future policies aimed at eliminating pollution disparities will need to look beyond reducing emissions from only passenger traffic and also consider other collocated sources of emissions such as heavy-duty vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaige Hunter Kerr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052;
| | - Daniel L Goldberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Susan C Anenberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
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8
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Mifsud DV, Stüeken EE, Wilson RJS. A preliminary study into the use of tree-ring and foliar geochemistry as bio-indicators for vehicular NO x pollution in Malta. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2021; 57:301-315. [PMID: 33769149 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1902319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from traffic over the past few decades have become a significant source of air pollution. Among the pollutants emitted are nitrogen oxides (NOx), exposure to which can be detrimental to public health. Recent studies have shown that nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios in tree-rings and foliage express a fingerprint of their major N source, making them appropriate for bio-monitoring purposes. In this study, we have applied this proxy to Aleppo pines (Pinus halepensis) at three distances from one of the busiest roads in Malta, a country known to suffer from intense traffic pollution. Our results showed that N and organic carbon (C) stable isotope ratios in tree-rings do not vary over the period 1980-2018 at any of the investigated sites; however, statistically significant spatial trends were apparent in both tree-rings and foliage. The roadside and transitional sites exhibited more positive δ15N and more negative δ13C values compared to those at a rural control site. This is likely due to the incorporation of 15N-enriched NOx and 13C-depleted CO2 from traffic pollution. Sampled top-soil also exhibited the δ15N trend. Our results constitute the first known application of dendrogeochemistry to atmospheric pollution monitoring in Malta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan V Mifsud
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Eva E Stüeken
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Rob J S Wilson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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9
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Zheng J, Qiu Z, Gao HO, Li B. Commuter PM exposure and estimated life-expectancy loss across multiple transportation modes in Xi'an, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 214:112117. [PMID: 33690005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Commuters are reportedly exposed to severe traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during their commuting trips. This study was designed and implemented to (1) compare particulate matter (PM) exposure across four common transportation modes; (2) examine and analyze various determining factors; and (3) estimate public health effects caused by commuting exposure to PM. All analyses and calculations were based on the experimental data collected from 13 volunteers, including heart-rate data on 336 commuting trips in four travel modes in Xi'an China. The results indicate highest PM exposure associated with cycling (average PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 of 114.35, 72.37 and 56.51 μg/m3, respectively), followed by riding transit buses (116.29, 67.60 and 51.12 μg/m3 for the same pollutants, respectively), then taking a taxi (97.61, 58.87 and 45.11 μg/m3), and the lowest exposure onboard subways (55.86, 46.20 and 40.20 μg/m3). A multivariable linear regression model was used to examine major influences on PM concentration variations, with results corroborating significant PM variance across commuting modes, which is also affected by background pollution concentration and relative humidity. Further, years of life expectancy (YLE) loss were estimated using an inhalation dose model together with the life table method: cycling commuters experienced the greatest YLE loss (5.51-6.43 months per capita for the studied age group). During severe pollution periods, substituting other modes (like subway) for cycling could effectively avoid acute exposure. PM2.5 levels in taxi cabins powered by CNG or methanol were comparatively lower, indicating that implementing alternative energy strategies could effectively lower traffic emissions and population exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zheng
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhaowen Qiu
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - H Oliver Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 468 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, 14853 NY, USA
| | - Bing Li
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China
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10
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Farzan SF, Habre R, Danza P, Lurmann F, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Bastain T, Hodis HN, Breton C. Childhood traffic-related air pollution and adverse changes in subclinical atherosclerosis measures from childhood to adulthood. Environ Health 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33853624 PMCID: PMC8048028 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults. However, little is known about how air pollution may affect the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in younger populations. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis that provides insight into early CVD pathogenesis. METHODS In a pilot study of 70 participants from the Southern California Children's Health Study, we investigated CIMT progression from childhood to adulthood. Using carotid artery ultrasound images obtained at age 10 and follow-up images at age 21-22, we examined associations between childhood ambient and traffic-related air pollutants with changes in CIMT over time and attained adult CIMT using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for potential confounders. Average residential childhood exposures (i.e., birth to time of measurement at 10-11 years) were assigned for regional, ambient pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, interpolated from regulatory air monitoring data) and traffic-related nitrogen oxides (NOx) by road class (modeled using the CALINE4 line source dispersion model). Traffic density was calculated within a 300-m residential buffer. RESULTS For each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in childhood traffic-related total NOx exposure, we observed greater yearly rate of change in CIMT from childhood to adulthood (β: 2.17 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.78-3.56). Increases in annual rate of CIMT change from childhood to adulthood also were observed with freeway NOx exposure (β: 2.24 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.84-3.63) and traffic density (β: 2.11 μm/yr, 95% CI: 0.79-3.43). Traffic exposures were also related to increases in attained CIMT in early adulthood. No associations of CIMT change or attained level were observed with ambient pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we observed adverse changes in CIMT over time in relation to childhood traffic-related NOx exposure and traffic density in our study population. While these results must be cautiously interpreted given the limited sample size, the observed associations of traffic measures with CIMT suggest a need for future studies to more fully explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Phoebe Danza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | | | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Edward Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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Ji N, Fang M, Baptista A, Cepeda C, Greenberg M, Mincey IC, Ohman-Strickland P, Haynes F, Fiedler N, Kipen HM, Laumbach RJ. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and changes in exhaled nitric oxide and DNA methylation in arginase and nitric oxide synthase in children with asthma. Environ Health 2021; 20:12. [PMID: 33573660 PMCID: PMC7879528 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with increased risk of airway inflammation in children with asthma. While epigenetic changes could potentially modulate TRAP-induced inflammatory responses, few studies have assessed the temporal pattern of exposure to TRAP, epigenetic changes and inflammation in children with asthma. Our goal was to test the time-lag patterns of personal exposure to TRAP, airway inflammation (measured as fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO), and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of genes involved in nitric oxide synthesis among children with asthma. METHODS We measured personal exposure to black carbon (BC) and FeNO for up to 30 days in a panel of children with asthma. We collected 90 buccal cell samples for DNA methylation analysis from 18 children (5 per child). Methylation in promoter regions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3) and arginase (ARG1, ARG2) was assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Linear-mixed effect models were used to test the associations of BC at different lag periods, percent DNA methylation at each site and FeNO level. RESULTS Exposure to BC was positively associated with FeNO, and negatively associated with DNA methylation in NOS3. We found strongest association between FeNO and BC at lag 0-6 h while strongest associations between methylation at positions 1 and 2 in NOS3 and BC were at lag 13-24 h and lag 0-24 h, respectively. The strengths of associations were attenuated at longer lag periods. No significant associations between exposure to TRAP and methylation levels in other NOS and ARG isoforms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TRAP was associated with higher levels of FeNO and lower levels of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the NOS3 gene, indicating that DNA methylation of the NOS3 gene could be an important epigenetic mechanism in physiological responses to TRAP in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - M Fang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - C Cepeda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | - P Ohman-Strickland
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - F Haynes
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - N Fiedler
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - H M Kipen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - R J Laumbach
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Wawer M, Magiera T, Jabłońska M, Kowalska J, Rachwał M. Geochemical characteristics of solid particles deposited on experimental plots established for traffic pollution monitoring in different countries. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127575. [PMID: 32683034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this research was to identify the mineralogical, morphological, and chemical characteristics of solid particles emitted by vehicular traffic and deposited on special monitoring plots located on the roadside of five countries with different climatic conditions and traffic structure. Within 24 months of exposure, the composition of the matrix used at the monitoring plots changed. Percentage quartz content decreased in all locations, and due to the input from local sources, the share of other mineral phases increased. In some locations, an increase in the share of mineral phases associated with local parent rock and soil erosion was noted (e.g. Helsinki, Böblingen). In other places, material associated with abrasion of the road surface was characteristic (e.g. Gliwice, Opole). The composition of pollutants accumulated at all the monitoring plots was varied, however the common feature was the presence of technogenic magnetic particles in the matrix after exposure. Analyses showed that numerous irregular, angular particles of iron oxides with porous surface, which are carriers for a number of metals and metalloids were present in the samples. Angular iron oxides containing zinc, chromium, and copper are usually considered as non-exhaust traffic emissions. Another type of iron oxides particles found in the samples were magnetic spherules related to exhaust emissions (smaller spherules, < 20 μm). Study of results confirmed the effectiveness of the testing method for roadside pollution monitoring related to currently emitted solid particles accumulated on matrix of known mineral composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wawer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Magiera
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Jabłońska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Marzena Rachwał
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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Schultz AA, Malecki KM, Olson MM, Selman SB, Olaiya OI, Spicer A, Schauer JJ, Edwards R, Kirkorian HL, Dilworth-Bart J. Investigating Cumulative Exposures among 3- to 4-Year-Old Children Using Wearable Ultrafine Particle Sensors and Language Environment Devices: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5259. [PMID: 32708240 PMCID: PMC7400160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to measure the additive or multiplicative impacts of chemical and non-chemical stressors on child development outcomes. The lack of interdisciplinary approaches to environmental health and child development has led to a gap in the development of effective intervention strategies. It is hypothesized that a broader systems approach can support more effective interventions over time. To achieve these goals, detailed study protocols are needed. Researchers in child development typically focus on psychosocial stressors. Less attention is paid to chemical and non-chemical stressors and how the interaction of these stressors may impact child development. This feasibility study aims to bridge the gap between child development and environmental epidemiology research by trialing novel methods of gathering ultrafine particle data with a wearable air sensor, while simultaneously gathering language and noise data with the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system. Additionally, psychosocial data (e.g., parenting quality, caregiver depression, and household chaos) was gathered from parent reports. Child participants (age 3-4 years) completed cognitive tasks to assess self-regulation and receptive language skills, and provided a biospecimen analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers. Data collection was completed at two time points, roughly corresponding to fall and spring. Twenty-six participants were recruited for baseline data, and 11 participants completed a follow-up session. Preliminary results indicate that it is feasible to gather personal Particulate Matter (PM2.5), language, and noise data, cognitive assessments, and biospecimens from our sample of 3-4-year-old children. While there are obstacles to overcome when working with this age group, future studies can benefit from adapting lessons learned regarding recruitment strategies, study design, and protocol implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Schultz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.A.S.); (M.M.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Kristen M.C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.A.S.); (M.M.O.); (A.S.)
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Maddie M. Olson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.A.S.); (M.M.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Saliha B. Selman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.B.S.); (J.J.S.); (R.E.)
| | - Oona-Ife Olaiya
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (O.-I.O.); (H.L.K.); (J.D.-B.)
| | - Alexandra Spicer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.A.S.); (M.M.O.); (A.S.)
| | - James J. Schauer
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.B.S.); (J.J.S.); (R.E.)
| | - Ross Edwards
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.B.S.); (J.J.S.); (R.E.)
| | - Heather L. Kirkorian
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (O.-I.O.); (H.L.K.); (J.D.-B.)
| | - Janean Dilworth-Bart
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (O.-I.O.); (H.L.K.); (J.D.-B.)
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Chen K, Wang M, Huang C, Kinney PL, Anastas PT. Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e210-e212. [PMID: 32411944 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20039842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To control the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, China undertook stringent traffic restrictions and self-quarantine measures. We herein examine the change in air pollution levels and the potentially avoided cause-specific mortality during this massive population quarantine episode. We found that, due to the quarantine, NO2 dropped by 22.8 µg/m3 and 12.9 µg/m3 in Wuhan and China, respectively. PM2.5 dropped by 1.4 µg/m3 in Wuhan but decreased by 18.9 µg/m3 across 367 cities. Our findings show that interventions to contain the COVID-19 outbreak led to air quality improvements that brought health benefits which outnumbered the confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 in China
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Meng Wang
- University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Conghong Huang
- University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul T Anastas
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Chen K, Wang M, Huang C, Kinney PL, Anastas PT. Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e210-e212. [PMID: 32411944 PMCID: PMC7220178 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Meng Wang
- University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Conghong Huang
- University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul T Anastas
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Zhang S, Cai M, Meng X, Gao Y. Sources apportionment and carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas phase of urban Shanghai: Based on high volume solid phase extraction (Hi-volume SPE). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 195:110398. [PMID: 32200144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, posing potentially serious threats to human health. This study analyzed compositional characteristics, sources, and carcinogenic risks of PAHs in the atmospheric gas phase at an urban site in Shanghai, East China. Seventy-four gas phase samples were collected during the warm months of May-October 2018 using a high-volume solid phase extraction (Hi-volume SPE) technique. The total concentration of sixteen priority PAHs (ΣPAHs) was in the range of 5.54-182.05 ng m-3 (average 34.47 ng m-3) and the total of seven carcinogenic PAHs (ΣCPAHs) was in range of 0.03-1.49 ng m-3 (average 0.48 ng m-3), accounting for 1.47% of ΣPAHs and indicating low carcinogenic potential. Redundancy analyses indicated positive correlations between ΣPAHs and air quality, and ΣCPAHs and average high temperature, and a negative correlation between ΣPAHs and wind speed. Four possible sources, namely petroleum and petrogenic sources, traffic emissions, coal combustion, and mixed gasoline and coal combustion sources, were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), accounting for 62.84%, 19.31%, 10.15%, and 7.69% of ΣPAHs, respectively. The overall lifetime lung cancer risk (LLCR) through inhalation of PAHs was estimated to be at a low risk level of 1.61 × 10-5. The LLCR based on PMF apportionment decreased in the order of mixed gasoline and coal combustion sources (47.07%) > traffic emissions (35.10%) > petroleum and petrogenic sources (11.06%) > coal combustion (6.74%). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Hi-volume SPE in collecting and analyzing atmospheric gas phase PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China.
| | - Xiangzhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhao H, Chow WH, Bixby M, Durand C, Markham C, Zhang K. Population-Based Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Obesity in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:412-420. [PMID: 31797571 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the cross-sectional association between residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution and obesity in Mexican American adults. METHODS A total of 7,826 self-reported Mexican Americans aged 20 to 60 years old were selected from the baseline survey of the MD Anderson Mano-a-Mano Mexican American Cohort. Concentrations of traffic-related particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm were modeled at geocoded residential addresses using a dispersion models. The residential proximity to the nearest major road was calculated using a Geographic Information System. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted associations between exposure and obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 30. RESULTS More than half (53.6%) of the study participants had BMI ≥ 30, with a higher prevalence in women (55.0%) than in men (48.8%). Overall higher traffic-related air pollution exposures were associated with lower BMI in men but higher BMI in women. By stratifying for those who lived in a 0- to 1,500-m road buffer, the one-interquartile-range (685.1 m) increase of distance to a major road had a significant association with a 0.58-kg/m2 lower BMI (95% CI: -0.92 to -0.24) in women. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to intensive traffic is associated with increased risk of obesity in Mexican American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virgnia, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Moira Bixby
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Casey Durand
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Ozel S, Zeren Cetin I. Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:78. [PMID: 31899536 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Food scarcity is one of global issues that our world faces today. A significant portion of the world's population has no access to adequate food, and it is stated that approximately 830 million people suffer from chronic famine. This predicament is estimated to grow even further. Many attempts have been made to solve the food problem. Some examples are using new resources which have not been used for dietary purposes up to this point, planting new areas to produce food products, and increasing the potential harvest per an area unit. One of the solution proposals, which has come up recently within this scope, is the term of "edible landscaping", which means the use of edible plants in the landscaping works, and thus maximizing the potential for food security. However, edible landscaping poses a considerable risk. Heavy metal accumulation in plants grown in urban centers can reach to high levels, and consuming these plants will allow these heavy metals a direct access into the human body and wreak havoc to the public health. But since this subject has not been sufficiently studied yet, the extent of such a risk is not accurately determined yet. This study aims to determine the changes of Ni, Co and Mn concentrations depending on traffic density in the leaves, branches, barks and fruits of cherry, plum, mulberry and apple trees growing in areas with dense traffic, low-density traffic and no-traffic zones in Kastamonu province. The results showed that the concentrations of Ni and Co elements increased in many organelles depending on traffic density, and that the heavy metal concentrations in fruits could be very high. This situation indicates that fruit and vegetables grown in industrial zones and urban centers, where heavy metal pollution may be high, can be harmful to the public health if consumed as crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Sevik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cetin
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Halil Baris Ozel
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Senem Ozel
- Institute of Science, Programs of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Plant Resources, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Zeren Cetin
- Institute of Science, Programs of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Lu C, Cao L, Norbäck D, Li Y, Chen J, Deng Q. Combined effects of traffic air pollution and home environmental factors on preterm birth in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109639. [PMID: 31525560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mounting evidence have linked traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), whether it can interact with indoor environmental factors remains unknown, and its window(s) susceptibility at the stage of gestation is unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore PTB risk for prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and home environmental factors during pregnancy, so as to identify critical window(s) in the combined effect of traffic air pollution and main home environmental factor(s) on PTB development. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 3,509 preschool children was performed in Changsha, China during 2011-2012. The PTB prevalence was reported by the parents based on a questionnaire. We estimated each mother's exposure to traffic-related air pollutant NO2 in different windows of gestation, including conception month, three trimesters, birth month, and whole gestation. Maternal exposure to home environmental factors was considered by renovation (new furniture/redecoration) in pregnancy, and mold/damp stains and window condensation during perinatal period. Associations of PTB with both ambient NO2 and home environmental factors, and their interactions on PTB were evaluated by logistic regression models using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Traffic air pollutant NO2 exposure in utero was significantly associated with PTB, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of 1.41 (1.00-1.98) for an IQR increase in NO2 exposure during whole pregnancy, particularly in the conception month and 1st trimester. We further found a positive relationship between perinatal exposure to mold/damp stains in the homes and PTB, OR (95% CI) = 1.73 (1.04-2.90). Especially, we detected a significant interaction between outdoor NO2 and indoor mold/damp stains on PTB risk. Male and female foetus were respectively more susceptible to perinatal mold/dampness at home and outdoor NO2 exposure in early gestation. CONCLUSION Our finding indicates that both outdoor traffic air pollutant and indoor mold/dampness play key roles in PTB development, and their interaction effect in early pregnancy significantly increases PTB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanqin Cao
- Department of Gynecology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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20
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Islam N, Rabha S, Silva LFO, Saikia BK. Air quality and PM 10-associated poly-aromatic hydrocarbons around the railway traffic area: statistical and air mass trajectory approaches. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:2039-2053. [PMID: 30783820 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine railway traffic causes atmosphere pollution due to the exhaust emission which may be harmful to the passengers as well as workers. In this study, the air quality and PM10 concentrations were evaluated around a railway station in Northeast India where trains are operated with diesel engines. The gaseous pollutant (e.g. SO2, NO2, and NH3) was collected and measured by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The advanced level characterizations of the PM10 samples were carried out by using ion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques to know their possible environmental contaminants. High-performance liquid chromatography technique was used to determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estimate the possible atmospheric pollution level caused by the rail traffic in the enclosure. The average PM10 concentration was found to be 262.11 µg m-3 (maximum 24 hour) which indicates poor air quality (AQI category) around the rail traffic. The statistical and air mass trajectory analysis was also done to know their mutual correlation and source apportionment. This study will modify traditional studies where only models are used to simulate the origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Shahadev Rabha
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, 080002, Colombia
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
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21
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Wang XT, Zhou Y, Hu BP, Fu R, Cheng HX. Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) needles in Shanghai, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:1819-1827. [PMID: 31299511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) accumulated by Masson pine needles from different areas of Shanghai were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of Σ26PAHs (sum of 26 PAHs) ranged from 234 × 10-3 to 5370 × 10-3 mg kg-1. Levels of Σ26PAHs in different sampling areas followed the order: urban areas (Puxi and Pudong) > suburbs > Chongming. Total concentrations of 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 225 × 10-3 to 5180 × 10-3 mg kg-1, ranking at a relatively high level compared to other regions around the world. Factor analysis and multi-linear regression model has identified six sources of PAHs with relative contributions of 15.1% for F1 (vehicle emissions), 47.8% for F2 (natural gas and biomass combustion), 7.8% for F3 (oil), 10.6% for F4 (coal combustion), 15.7% for F5 ("anthracene" source) and 3.0% for F6 (coke tar). Total concentrations of 4 SMCs varied between 0.071 × 10-3 and 2.72 × 10-3 mg kg-1 in pine needles from Shanghai. SMCs with the highest detected frequency were Galaxolide and musk xylene, followed by musk ketone and Tonalide. The highest level of SMCs was found near industrial park and daily chemical plant. The results obtained from this study may have important reference value for local government in the control of atmospheric organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Ping Hu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hang-Xin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China; Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geoscience, Langfang 065000, China
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22
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Bozdogan Sert E, Turkmen M, Cetin M. Heavy metal accumulation in rosemary leaves and stems exposed to traffic-related pollution near Adana-İskenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey). Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:553. [PMID: 31399836 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution has become a problem on a global scale and poses a significant risk in terms of human health and natural ecosystems. Generally, the biggest sources of pollution are municipal and industrial facilities. However, traffic-related air pollution cannot be overlooked as a dangerous source either. There have been various methods of interventions to measure and reduce the risk and effects of traffic-related pollution. In the case of measuring, the use of certain plant species that can accumulate pollutants in their tissues is considered a practical solution. In this study, the aim is to find out the metals that are accumulated in rosemary leaves and stems and the rosemary leaves. In other words, the leaves and the stems are to be used as a biomonitors to reveal the rate of metal pollution along the highway. We try to identify the accumulation ability of traffic-related heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) which is used in the refuge and slopes along the highway connecting Adana with İskenderun (Hatay). Our findings concluded that the rosemary could have a decent capacity to accumulate Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in both leaves and stem. We therefore believe that R. officinalis is a great tool in determining the amount of traffic-related pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozdogan Sert
- Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Musa Turkmen
- Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31040, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cetin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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23
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Conte M, Contini D. Size-resolved particle emission factors of vehicular traffic derived from urban eddy covariance measurements. Environ Pollut 2019; 251:830-838. [PMID: 31125813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic is one of the major sources of atmospheric particles in urban areas. Modelling the contribution of this source to urban pollution requires reliable estimates of emission factors possibly resolved in size. In this work, size-resolved particle emission factors (EFs) of the mixed vehicle fleet were measured in the urban area of Lecce (south-eastern Italy). The approach used is based on vertical fluxes measured with eddy-covariance, counting of vehicles, and estimation of footprints. Results show that the average EF in number (range 0.009-3 μm) was 2.2*1014 #/Veh km, being dominated by ultrafine particles (Dp < 0.25 μm) due to exhaust emissions. EF number size distribution decreases with particle size. A reduction of more than four orders of magnitude was observed at Dp ≅ 0.9 μm. EF mass size distribution reaches a maximum around Dp ≅ 0.3 μm then decreases until Dp ≅ 0.9 μm. For larger particles EF in mass increases for the influence of non-exhaust emissions. Average emission factor of PM1 was 56 mg/Veh Km and that of PM2.5 was 63 mg/Veh Km. A comparison of measurements taken in 2010 and 2015 in the same area shows a decreasing trend of the average total EF in number of about 56%, likely as a consequence of the increased use of new generation vehicles following more restrictive limits for particle emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Conte
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Daniele Contini
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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24
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Dos Santos PRS, Fernandes GJT, Moraes EP, Moreira LFF. Tropical climate effect on the toxic heavy metal pollutant course of road-deposited sediments. Environ Pollut 2019; 251:766-772. [PMID: 31121541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, the intense vehicle traffic and the lack of effective mitigating strategies may adversely impact freshwater systems. Road-deposited sediments (RDS) accumulate a variety of toxic substances which are transported into nature during hydrologic events, mainly affecting water bodies through stormwater runoff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RDS metal enrichment ratio between the end of wet season and the middle of the dry season for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in samples from Natal, Brazil. Twenty RDS, drainage system and river sediment samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons using a stainless-steel pan, brush and spatula. In the laboratory, the samples were submitted to acid digestion and heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). A consistent RDS enrichment by heavy metals in dry season samples was followed by an increase in the finest particle size fraction (D < 63 μm). Maximum concentrations were 5, ND, 108, 23810, 83, ND, 77 and 150 mg kg-1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. The RDS enrichment ratio was Cr(1.3 × ), Cu(2.6 × ), Fe(3.3 × ), Mn(1.5 × ), Pb(1.5 × ) and Zn(2.1 × ). The Geo-accumulation Index values showed that RDS were moderately polluted for Cu and slighted polluted for Zn and Pb. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the accumulation of toxic heavy metals decreased according to water flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R S Dos Santos
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil; Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, CTGAS-ER, Natal, RN, 59063-400, Brazil
| | | | - Edgar P Moraes
- Chemometrics and Biological Chemistry Group (CBC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lucio F F Moreira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
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25
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Clemente DBP, Vrijheid M, Martens DS, Bustamante M, Chatzi L, Danileviciute A, de Castro M, Grazuleviciene R, Gutzkow KB, Lepeule J, Maitre L, McEachan RRC, Robinson O, Schwarze PE, Tamayo I, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Slama R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Nawrot TS. Prenatal and Childhood Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure and Telomere Length in European Children: The HELIX Project. Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:87001. [PMID: 31393792 PMCID: PMC6792385 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is a molecular marker of biological aging. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated whether early-life exposure to residential air pollution was associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) at 8 y of age. METHODS In a multicenter European birth cohort study, HELIX (Human Early Life Exposome) ([Formula: see text]), we estimated prenatal and 1-y childhood exposure to nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), and proximity to major roads. Average relative LTL was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Effect estimates of the association between LTL and prenatal, 1-y childhood air pollution, and proximity to major roads were calculated using multiple linear mixed models with a random cohort effect and adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS LTL was inversely associated with prenatal and 1-y childhood [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exposures levels. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in prenatal [Formula: see text] was associated with a [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) change in LTL. Prenatal [Formula: see text] was nonsignificantly associated with LTL ([Formula: see text] per SD increase; 95% CI: [Formula: see text], 0.6). For each SD increment in 1-y childhood [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exposure, LTL shortened by [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 0.1), respectively. Each doubling in residential distance to nearest major road during childhood was associated with a 1.6% (95% CI: 0.02, 3.1) lengthening in LTL. CONCLUSION Lower exposures to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood were associated with longer telomeres in European children at 8 y of age. These results suggest that reductions in traffic-related air pollution may promote molecular longevity, as exemplified by telomere length, from early life onward. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B P Clemente
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Asta Danileviciute
- Department of Environmental Science, Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Grazuleviciene
- Department of Environmental Science, Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Johanna Lepeule
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) and Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Lea Maitre
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ibon Tamayo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Rémy Slama
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) and Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit Environment and Health, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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27
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Živančev JR, Ji Y, Škrbić BD, Buljovčić MB. Occurrence of heavy elements in street dust from sub/urban zone of Tianjin: pollution characteristics and health risk assessment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:999-1010. [PMID: 31264922 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1631092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Main purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected heavy elements (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni) in the street dust samples (n = 49) collected from seven districts located in suburban/urban zone of Tianjin in order to estimate their possible sources and degree of environmental pollution as well as human health risk. Mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of As (19.3), Cd (0.60), Pb (28.4) and Cu (62.7) were above their corresponding soil background values. According to the results of multivariate statistical analysis, the accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr in street dust was affected by anthropogenic activities, while the contents of Ni and Co were associated with natural sources. Pollution degree by geo-accumulation index had the following trend: Cd > Cu > As > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co. Dust contamination with Cd ranged from unpolluted to highly polluted. Potential ecological risk indicated low (Pb, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni) to high (Cd) risk, while potential risk index showed moderate and very high risks. Non-carcinogenic risk of the studied elements was below safe level (<1). Data obtained in this investigation gave the additional values to the knowledge needed for future monitoring and risk assessment, relating the presence of heavy elements studied in suburban/urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena R Živančev
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia
| | - Yaqin Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Biljana D Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja B Buljovčić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia
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28
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Krauskopf J, van Veldhoven K, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vermeulen R, Carrasco-Turigas G, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vineis P, de Kok TM, Kleinjans JC. Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution reveals a compound-specific circulating miRNA profile indicating multiple disease risks. Environ Int 2019; 128:193-200. [PMID: 31059914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a complex mixture of compounds that contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including several types of cancer, pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and more recently also diabetes mellitus. In search of an early diagnostic biomarker for improved environmental health risk assessment, recent human studies have shown that certain extracellular miRNAs are altered upon exposure to TRAP. Here, we present a global circulating miRNA analysis in a human population exposed to different levels of TRAP. The cross-over study, with sampling taking place during resting and physical activity in two different exposure scenarios, included for each subject personal exposure measurements of PM10,PM2.5, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, BC and UFP. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to identify global circulating miRNA levels across all subjects. We identified 8 miRNAs to be associated with the mixture of TRAP and 27 miRNAs that were associated with the individual pollutants NO, NO2, CO, CO2, BC and UFP. We did not find significant associations between miRNA levels and PM10 or PM2.5. Integrated network analysis revealed that these circulating miRNAs are potentially involved in processes that are implicated in the development of air pollution-induced diseases. Altogether, this study demonstrates that signatures consisting of circulating miRNAs present a potential novel biomarker to be used in health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Karin van Veldhoven
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wang M, Hou ZH, Xu H, Liu Y, Budoff MJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Lu B. Association of Estimated Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Traffic Proximity With a Marker for Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Nationwide Study in China. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e196553. [PMID: 31251382 PMCID: PMC6604100 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiologic evidence of the mechanisms of the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD) is limited and relies heavily on studies performed in Europe and the United States, where air pollution levels are relatively low. In particular, the association between air pollution and CHD in patients with underlying risks for CHD is understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether air pollution and proximity to traffic are associated with the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a key atherosclerotic marker. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective, population-based cross-sectional study in a large-scale setting in China, 8867 consecutive patients aged 25 to 92 years with suspected CHD were recruited between November 17, 2015, and September 13, 2017. Participants were excluded if they had previous myocardial infarction, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting or incomplete risk factors and exposure data. Each participant underwent assessment of CAC and CHD risk factors at baseline. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to November 2018. EXPOSURES Annual means of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at the participants' residences using a validated geostatistical prediction model. Exposure to a nearby roadway was also estimated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Computed tomography measurement of CAC score. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 8867 participants was 56.9 (10.4) years; 4378 (53.6%) were men. Annual mean (SD) PM2.5, NO2, and O3 measurements were 70.1 (20.0), 41.4 (14.7), and 93.9 (10.5) μg/m3, respectively. The mean (SD) CAC score was 91.4 (322.2) Agatston units. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, adjusting for CHD risk factors and multiple pollutants, were independently associated with increases in CAC scores of 27.2% (95% CI, 10.8% to 46.1%) per 30 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 24.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 49.7%) per 20 μg/m3 NO2. For PM2.5, odds of both detectable CAC (Agatston score >0; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45) and severe CAC (Agatston score >400; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.12) were increased. Associations of CAC with PM2.5 and NO2 were greater among male participants (PM2.5: 42.2%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 62.7%; NO2: 45.7%; 95% CI, 25.3% to 69.5%) and elderly participants (PM2.5: 50.1%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 75.0%; NO2: 55.5%; 95% CI, 31.8% to 83.6%) and those with diabetes (PM2.5: 62.2%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 101.0%; NO2: 31.2%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 51.0%). Independent association with CAC score was 9.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to 20.4%) for O3 per 15 μg/m3 and 2.4% (95% CI, -0.6% to 5.4%) for distance near roadway per 50% decrease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large Chinese study, long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were independently associated with severity of CAC. This finding may provide support for the pathophysiological role of coronary atherosclerosis through which air pollution exposure may be associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Palazzi P, Hardy EM, Appenzeller BMR. Biomonitoring of children exposure to urban pollution and environmental tobacco smoke with hair analysis - A pilot study on children living in Paris and Yeu Island, France. Sci Total Environ 2019; 665:864-872. [PMID: 30790759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pollution on children's health has been increasingly pointed out in numerous studies which emphasized their increased vulnerability compared to adults. This pilot study investigated the relevance of hair analysis for the assessment of children exposure to pollution and to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The methodology based on GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, is the first one to investigate simultaneously parent PAH (n = 15), PAH metabolites (n = 56), nicotine and cotinine in a biological matrix. The method was applied to hair samples collected from 25 children, aged from 2 to 11 years, living in Paris, France, selected as densely populated area with urban pollution including vehicle exhausts, and Yeu Island, a French island in the Atlantic ocean, selected as control area with low population density and no fuel powered vehicles. Nicotine and cotinine were detected in all the samples at concentrations up to 2275 pg/mg and 110 pg/mg respectively, suggesting exposure to ETS in the two areas. 10 parent PAH and 10 metabolites were detected in 100% and in >90% of the samples respectively. Eight of these biomarkers presented a significantly higher concentration in children from Paris than from Yeu Island. The results suggest association between PAH exposure and estimated time of exposure to vehicle exhaust as well as higher exposure to both PAH and ETS in the youngest children. Although these findings need to be confirmed on wider populations, the results obtained in this pilot study strongly support the relevance of hair analysis for the biomonitoring of children exposure to urban pollution and ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Klöckner P, Reemtsma T, Eisentraut P, Braun U, Ruhl AS, Wagner S. Tire and road wear particles in road environment - Quantification and assessment of particle dynamics by Zn determination after density separation. Chemosphere 2019; 222:714-721. [PMID: 30738314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method for the determination of tire and road wear particle (TRWP) contents in particulate samples from road environment was developed. Zn was identified as the most suitable elemental marker for TRWP, due to its high concentration in tire tread and the possibility of separation from other Zn sources. The mean concentration of 21 tire samples was 8.7 ± 2.0 mg Zn/g. Before quantification in samples from road environment, TRWP were separated from the particulate matrix by density separation. Method development was conducted using shredded tread particles (TP) as a surrogate for TRWP. Recovery of TP from spiked sediment was 95 ± 17% in a concentration range of 2 - 200 mg TP/g. TP determination was not affected by other Zn containing solids or spiked Zn-salts. By adjusting the density of the separation solution to 1.9 g/cm³, more than 90% of total TRWP were separated from the sample matrix. TRWP concentrations in particulate matter collected in two road runoff treatment systems ranged from 0.38 to 150 mg TRWP/g. Differences in quantified TRWP contents of the two systems indicate changes in particle dynamics due to ageing and aggregation processes. The developed method allows TRWP determination in road runoff and in environments that are influenced by road traffic. The validated separation procedure can also be applied for TRWP characterization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klöckner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Eisentraut
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter Den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Braun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter Den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF4, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Smiljanic K, Prodic I, Apostolovic D, Cvetkovic A, Veljovic D, Mutic J, van Hage M, Burazer L, Cirkovic Velickovic T. In-depth quantitative profiling of post-translational modifications of Timothy grass pollen allergome in relation to environmental oxidative stress. Environ Int 2019; 126:644-658. [PMID: 30856452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An association between pollution (e.g., from traffic emissions) and the increased prevalence of respiratory allergies has been observed. Field-realistic exposure studies provide the most relevant assessment of the effects of the intensity and diversity of urban and industrial contamination on pollen structure and allergenicity. The significance of in-depth post-translational modification (PTM) studies of pollen proteomes, when compared with studies on other aspects of pollution and altered pollen allergenicity, has not yet been determined; hence, little progress has been made within this field. We undertook a comprehensive comparative analysis of multiple polluted and environmentally preserved Phleum pratense (Timothy grass) pollen samples using scanning electron microscopy, in-depth PTM profiling, determination of organic and inorganic pollutants, analysis of the release of sub-pollen particles and phenols/proteins, and analysis of proteome expression using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we used quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblotting. An increased phenolic content and release of sub-pollen particles was found in pollen samples from the polluted area, including a significantly higher content of mercury, cadmium, and manganese, with irregular long spines on pollen grain surface structures. Antioxidative defense-related enzymes were significantly upregulated and seven oxidative PTMs were significantly increased (methionine, histidine, lysine, and proline oxidation; tyrosine glycosylation, lysine 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct, and lysine carbamylation) in pollen exposed to the chemical plant and road traffic pollution sources. Oxidative modifications affected several Timothy pollen allergens; Phl p 6, in particular, exhibited several different oxidative modifications. The expression of Phl p 6, 12, and 13 allergens were downregulated in polluted pollen, and IgE binding to pollen extract was substantially lower in the 18 patients studied, as measured by quantitative ELISA. Quantitative, unrestricted, and detailed PTM searches using an enrichment-free approach pointed to modification of Timothy pollen allergens and suggested that heavy metals are primarily responsible for oxidative stress effects observed in pollen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Prodic
- Innovation Center Ltd, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Anka Cvetkovic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Veljovic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidija Burazer
- Institute of Immunology, Virology and Sera Production, Torlak Institut, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea; Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Lee K, Sener IN. Understanding Potential Exposure of Bicyclists on Roadways to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Findings from El Paso, Texas, Using Strava Metro Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E371. [PMID: 30699896 PMCID: PMC6388168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As bicycling on roadways can cause adverse health effects, there is an urgent need to understand how bicycle routes expose bicyclists to traffic emissions. Limited resources for monitoring reveal that bicycle travel patterns may constrain such understanding at the network level. This study examined the potential exposure of bicyclists to traffic-related air pollution in El Paso, Texas, using Strava Metro data that revealed bicycle patterns across the city networks. An initial spatial mapping analysis was conducted to explore the spatial patterns of bicycling and traffic pollutant emission, followed by exploratory descriptive statistics. A spatial bicycle model was then developed to explore factors influencing bicycling activity in El Paso. Analysis results indicated significant associations between greater bicycle volume and both higher levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and more frequent bus services, implying adverse health concerns related to traffic-related air pollution. The results also indicated significant effects of various environmental characteristics (e.g., roadway, bicycle infrastructure, topography, and demographics) on bicycling. The findings encourage extending this study to provide guidance to bicyclists whose regular trips take place on heavily trafficked roads and during rush hours in this region and to evaluate the net health impacts of on-road bicycling for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhyun Lee
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Ipek N Sener
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Austin, TX 78752, USA.
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Leaffer D, Wolfe C, Doroff S, Gute D, Wang G, Ryan P. Wearable Ultrafine Particle and Noise Monitoring Sensors Jointly Measure Personal Co-Exposures in a Pediatric Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16030308. [PMID: 30678120 PMCID: PMC6388247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked both traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and noise to adverse health outcomes, including increased blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and respiratory health. The high correlation between these environmental exposures and their measurement challenges have constrained research on how simultaneous exposure to TRAP and traffic noise interact and possibly enhance each other’s effect. The objective of this study was to deploy two novel personal sensors for measuring ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm diameter) and noise to concurrently monitor real-time exposures. Personal UFP monitors (PUFP, Enmont, LLC) were paired with NEATVIBEwear™ (Noise Exposure, Activity-Time and Vibration wearable), a personal noise monitoring device developed by the authors (Douglas Leaffer, Steve Doroff). A field-test of PUFP monitors co-deployed with NEATVIBEwear logged UFP, noise and ambient temperature exposure levels at 1-s resolution in an adolescent population in Cincinnati, OH to measure real-time exposures in microenvironments (transit, home, school). Preliminary results show that the concurrent measurement of noise exposures with UFP is feasible in a sample of physically active adolescent participants. Personal measurements of UFP and noise, measured prospectively in future studies, will enable researchers to investigate the independent and/or joint-effects of these health-relevant environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Leaffer
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Christopher Wolfe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | | | - David Gute
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Grace Wang
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Kim SJ, Park MK, Lee SE, Go HJ, Cho BC, Lee YS, Choi SD. Impact of traffic volumes on levels, patterns, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:174-182. [PMID: 30632598 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular exhaust is one of the important sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban areas, and roadside soils can be directly contaminated with PAHs released from traffic emissions. In this study, roadside soils were collected at 10 sites in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to investigate the relationship between the traffic volume and the contamination characteristics of PAHs. The total concentrations of 16 US EPA priority PAHs (∑16 PAHs, mean: 1079 ng g-1) and organic-matter-normalized ∑16 PAHs (mean: 224 ng g-1 OM) were positively correlated with traffic volumes (Pearson correlation, r = 0.88 and 0.78, p < 0.01). The levels of carcinogenic PAHs were significantly higher at the high traffic sites than at the low traffic sites. High traffic sites (>25 000 vehicles per day) located at intersections showed elevated concentrations of indicator compounds (e.g., phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[ghi]perylene) for gasoline and diesel exhaust. The diagnostic ratios also suggested a strong influence of the traffic emissions on the roadside soils, not only at urban sites but also at rural ones. Consequently, roadside soils and road dust (which are expected to be much more contaminated with PAHs than roadside soil) can act as important non-point sources of air and water pollution. The cancer risk from exposure to PAHs in the roadside soils was in an acceptable range, but continuous monitoring is required to evaluate the influence of increasing traffic on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Brønnum-Hansen H, Bender AM, Andersen ZJ, Sørensen J, Bønløkke JH, Boshuizen H, Becker T, Diderichsen F, Loft S. Assessment of impact of traffic-related air pollution on morbidity and mortality in Copenhagen Municipality and the health gain of reduced exposure. Environ Int 2018; 121:973-980. [PMID: 30408890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health impact assessment (HIA) of exposure to air pollution is commonly based on city level (fine) particle concentration and may underestimate health consequences of changing local traffic. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution can be assessed at a high resolution by modelling levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which together with ultrafine particles mainly originate from diesel-powered vehicles in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to estimate the health benefits of reduced exposure to vehicle emissions assessed as NO2 at the residence among the citizens of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. METHODS We utilized residential NO2 concentrations modelled by use of chemistry transport models to calculate contributions from emission sources to air pollution. The DYNAMO-HIA model was applied to the population of Copenhagen Municipality by using NO2 concentration estimates combined with demographic data and data from nationwide registers on incidence and prevalence of selected diseases, cause specific mortality, and total mortality of the population of Copenhagen. We used exposure-response functions linking NO2 concentration estimates at the residential address with the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases derived from a large Danish cohort study with the majority of subjects residing in Copenhagen between 1971 and 2010. Different scenarios were modelled to estimate the dynamic impact of NO2 exposure on related diseases and the potential health benefits of lowering the NO2 level in the Copenhagen Municipality. RESULTS The annual mean NO2 concentration was 19.6 μg/m3 and for 70% of the population the range of exposure was between 15 and 21 μg/m3. If NO2 exposure was reduced to the annual mean rural level of 6 μg/m3, life expectancy in 2040 would increase by one year. The greatest gain in disease-free life expectancy would be lifetime without ischemic heart disease (1.4 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.5 years for men and 1.6 years for women), and asthma (1.3 years for men and 1.5 years for women). Lowering NO2 exposure by 20% would increase disease-free life expectancy for the different diseases by 0.3-0.5 years. Using gender specific relative risks affected the results. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the NO2 exposure by controlling traffic-related air pollution reduces the occurrence of some of the most prevalent chronic diseases and increases life expectancy. Such health benefits can be quantified by DYNAMO-HIA in a high resolution exposure modelling. This paper demonstrates how traffic planners can assess health benefits from reduced levels of traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Brønnum-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Mette Bender
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F Hospital, Nykøbing F, Denmark
| | - Jan Sørensen
- Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jakob Hjort Bønløkke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hendriek Boshuizen
- Department Statistics, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Biometrics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Diderichsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Frondelius K, Oudin A, Malmqvist E. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Child BMI-A Study of Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and Body Mass Index in Children at the Age of Four Years in Malmö, Sweden. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15102294. [PMID: 30347657 PMCID: PMC6210059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution could be a danger to the health of children. Earlier studies have linked prenatal exposure to an increased risk of a range of diseases and negative health outcomes, including overweight and obesity. Presently, a knowledge gap exists in investigating the risk of overweight and obesity among children exposed to lower levels of air pollution in utero. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal traffic-related air pollution (nitrogen dioxides (NOx) and traffic density) and childhood overweight and obesity in Malmö, Sweden. A cohort, based on attendance of a four-year check-up examination at Swedish Child Health Care (CHC) centers, and a parent-assessed questionnaire provided data on body-mass index adjusted for four-year-old children (ISO-BMI) as well as socioeconomic and health variables. We estimated exposure by using traffic density and levels of NOx at the maternal geocoded residential level. Analysis of 5815 children was performed using binary logistic regression models. This study showed no associations of increased risk for childhood overweight or obesity through to prenatal exposure to NOx in this low-exposure setting. We further suggest analysis of risks related to exposure levels ranging between the ones presented here and those proposed in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Frondelius
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Vargas JE, Kubesch N, Hernandéz-Ferrer C, Carrasco-Turigas G, Bustamante M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, González JR. A systemic approach to identify signaling pathways activated during short-term exposure to traffic-related urban air pollution from human blood. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29572-29583. [PMID: 30141164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that promote pathologic alterations in human physiology mediated by short-term exposure to traffic pollutants remains not well understood. This work was to develop mechanistic networks to determine which specific pathways are activated by real-world exposures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during rest and moderate physical activity (PA). A controlled crossover study to compare whole blood gene expression pre and post short-term exposure to high and low of TRAP was performed together with systems biology analysis. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers aged between 21 and 53 years were recruited. These subjects were exposed during 2 h to different pollution levels (high and low TRAP levels), while either cycling or resting. Global transcriptome profile of each condition was performed from human whole blood samples. Microarrays analysis was performed to obtain differential expressed genes (DEG) to be used as initial input for GeneMANIA software to obtain protein-protein (PPI) networks. Two networks were found reflecting high or low TRAP levels, which shared only 5.6 and 15.5% of its nodes, suggesting specific cell signaling pathways being activated in each environmental condition. However, gene ontology analysis of each PPI network suggests that each level of TRAP regulate common members of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our work provides the first approach describing mechanistic networks to understand TRAP effects on a system level.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Passo Fundo University (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nadine Kubesch
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carles Hernandéz-Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Glória Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Kou W, Chen X, Yu L, Gong H. Multiobjective optimization model of intersection signal timing considering emissions based on field data: A case study of Beijing. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2018; 68:836-848. [PMID: 29667542 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1454355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most existing signal timing models are aimed to minimize the total delay and stops at intersections, without considering environmental factors. This paper analyzes the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. First, considering the different operating modes of cruising, acceleration, deceleration, and idling, field data of emissions and Global Positioning System (GPS) are collected to estimate emission rates for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. Second, multiobjective signal timing optimization model is established based on a genetic algorithm to minimize delay, stops, and emissions. Finally, a case study is conducted in Beijing. Nine scenarios are designed considering different weights of emission and traffic efficiency. The results compared with those using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 show that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicles delay and emissions more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development. IMPLICATIONS Vehicle emissions are heavily at signal intersections in urban area. The multiobjective signal timing optimization model is proposed considering the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. The results indicate that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicle emissions and delays more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Kou
- a Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology , School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Chen
- a Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology , School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- b College of Science, Engineering and Technology , Texas Southern University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Huibo Gong
- a Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology , School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Li X, Yang T, Liu J, Qin X, Yu S. Effects of vehicle gap changes on fuel economy and emission performance of the traffic flow in the ACC strategy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200110. [PMID: 30001334 PMCID: PMC6042720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the effects of vehicle gap changes on fuel and emission performance of the simulated traffic flow in the adaptive cruise control (ACC) strategy. Firstly, the close correlation of vehicle gap changes and the host car's behaviors was explored with the measured car-following data. Secondly, the correlation between the host car's velocity and vehicle gap changes with different memory steps was also explored to develop the nth car’s optimal velocity function. Thirdly, a microscopic traffic simulation program was created for analyzing the traffic flow evolution process and approximately estimating the fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions. As a result, it was seen that vehicle gap changes with memory significantly affect fuel economy and emission performance of the simulated traffic flow in the ACC strategy, which can result in low fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions. This study is an incremental step forward for designing the control strategy of the ACC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhai Li
- School of Business, Shandong Yingcai University, Shandong Ji'nan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Business, Shandong Yingcai University, Shandong Ji'nan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Business, Shandong Yingcai University, Shandong Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qin
- School of Business, Shandong Yingcai University, Shandong Ji'nan, China
| | - Shaowei Yu
- The Joint Laboratory for Internet of Vehicles, Ministry of Education-China Mobile Communications Corporation, Chang'an University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
- * E-mail:
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Tapia V, Carbajal L, Vásquez V, Espinoza R, Vásquez-Velásquez C, Steenland K, Gonzales GF. Reordenamiento vehicular y contaminación ambiental por material particulado (2,5 y 10), dióxido de azufre y dióxido de nitrógeno en Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2018; 35:190-197. [PMID: 30183915 DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2018.352.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú
| | - Luz Carbajal
- Departamento de Estadística, Demografía, Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú
| | - Vanessa Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú
| | - Rocío Espinoza
- Dirección General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria (DIGESA). Ministerio de Salud. Lima, Perú
| | - Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University. Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú
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Carvalho RB, Carneiro MFH, Barbosa F, Batista BL, Simonetti J, Amantéa SL, Rhoden CR. The impact of occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution among professional motorcyclists from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its association with genetic and oxidative damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18620-18631. [PMID: 29704180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles play an important role in modern life; however, they also generate hazards. Occupational exposed subjects are in long-term contact with harmful products, which sets these professionals in a susceptible group to air pollutant damage. The aims of this study were to quantify individual exposure to pollutant gases and chemical elements and to evaluate oxidative and genetic damage in professional motorcyclists and office workers. We recruited professional motorcyclists and office workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was assessed by passive monitoring. Fingernail trace elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified spectrophotometrically, and genotoxicity was evaluated by micronuclei assay. Individual exposure to NO2 and O3, trace element content (Sb, Pt, As, Cd, V, Mn, and Co), oxidative stress factors, and genetic damage were statistically higher in professional motorcyclists (p < 0.05). Moreover, NO2 and O3 levels showed very strong positive correlation with plasmatic lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001 and r = 0.8849 and 0.8995) and strong positive correlation with micronuclei frequency (p < 0.001 and r = 0.7683 and 0.7280). Results suggest that professional motorcyclists are at high risk due to long-term air pollution exposure, which implies in the onset of several harmful effects and worsening of pre-existent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia Simonetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Amantéa
- Santo Antônio Hospital, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Alderete TL, Song AY, Bastain T, Habre R, Toledo-Corral CM, Salam MT, Lurmann F, Gilliland FD, Breton C. Prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposures, cord blood adipokines and infant weight. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:348-356. [PMID: 29098799 PMCID: PMC5934325 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to childhood obesity. While exact mechanisms for this association are unknown, circulating adipokines are hypothesized to contribute to early-life weight gain. METHODS The Maternal and Child Health Study birth cohort included 136 women from the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center. This study estimated prenatal residential TRAP exposure and used linear regression analysis to examine associations between adipokines with TRAP exposure and infant weight change (birth to 6 months). RESULTS A one standard deviation (1-SD: 2 ppb) increase in prenatal non-freeway nitrogen oxides was associated with 33% (P = 0.01) higher leptin and 9% higher high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P = 0.07) in cord blood. Leptin levels were 71% higher in mothers who lived <75 m than those living >300 m from major roadways (P = 0.03). A 1-SD (10 ng mL-1 ) increase in leptin was associated with a significant increase in infant weight change in female infants (0.62 kg, P = 0.02) but not male infants (0.11 kg, P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS Higher TRAP exposures were associated with higher cord blood levels of leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin. These adipokines were associated with increased infant weight change in female infants, which may have implications for future obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Alderete
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Y. Song
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Muhammad T. Salam
- Kern Medical, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USC
| | | | - Frank D. Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alexeeff SE, Roy A, Shan J, Liu X, Messier K, Apte JS, Portier C, Sidney S, Van Den Eeden SK. High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA. Environ Health 2018; 17:38. [PMID: 29759065 PMCID: PMC5952592 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have linked long-term exposure to traffic related air pollutants (TRAP) with adverse cardiovascular health outcomes; however, previous studies have not linked highly variable concentrations of TRAP measured at street-level within neighborhoods to cardiovascular health outcomes. METHODS Long-term pollutant concentrations for nitrogen dioxide [NO2], nitric oxide [NO], and black carbon [BC] were obtained by street-level mobile monitoring on 30 m road segments and linked to residential addresses of 41,869 adults living in Oakland during 2010 to 2015. We fit Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the relationship between air pollution exposures and time to first cardiovascular event. Secondary analyses examined effect modification by diabetes and age. RESULTS Long-term pollutant concentrations [mean, (standard deviation; SD)] for NO2, NO and BC were 9.9 ppb (SD 3.8), 4.9 ppb (SD 3.8), and 0.36 μg/m3 (0.17) respectively. A one SD increase in NO2, NO and BC, was associated with a change in risk of a cardiovascular event of 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] -6% to 12%), 3% (95% CI -5% to 12%), and - 1% (95% CI -8% to 7%), respectively. Among the elderly (≥65 yrs), we found an increased risk of a cardiovascular event of 12% for NO2 (95% CI: 2%, 24%), 12% for NO (95% CI: 3%, 22%), and 7% for BC (95% CI: -3%, 17%) per one SD increase. We found no effect modification by diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Street-level differences in long-term exposure to TRAP were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events among the elderly, indicating that within-neighborhood differences in TRAP are important to cardiovascular health. Associations among the general population were consistent with results found in previous studies, though not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Ananya Roy
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY USA
| | - Jun Shan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Kyle Messier
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY USA
- Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Joshua S. Apte
- Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | | | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Stephen K. Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
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Khreis H, de Hoogh K, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Full-chain health impact assessment of traffic-related air pollution and childhood asthma. Environ Int 2018; 114:365-375. [PMID: 29602620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may be an important exposure contributing to its development. In the UK, Bradford is a deprived city suffering from childhood asthma rates higher than national and regional averages and TRAP is of particular concern to the local communities. AIMS We estimated the burden of childhood asthma attributable to air pollution and specifically TRAP in Bradford. Air pollution exposures were estimated using a newly developed full-chain exposure assessment model and an existing land-use regression model (LUR). METHODS We estimated childhood population exposure to NOx and, by conversion, NO2 at the smallest census area level using a newly developed full-chain model knitting together distinct traffic (SATURN), vehicle emission (COPERT) and atmospheric dispersion (ADMS-Urban) models. We compared these estimates with measurements and estimates from ESCAPE's LUR model. Using the UK incidence rate for childhood asthma, meta-analytical exposure-response functions, and estimates from the two exposure models, we estimated annual number of asthma cases attributable to NO2 and NOx in Bradford, and annual number of asthma cases specifically attributable to traffic. RESULTS The annual average census tract levels of NO2 and NOx estimated using the full-chain model were 15.41 and 25.68 μg/m3, respectively. On average, 2.75 μg/m3 NO2 and 4.59 μg/m3 NOx were specifically contributed by traffic, without minor roads and cold starts. The annual average census tract levels of NO2 and NOx estimated using the LUR model were 21.93 and 35.60 μg/m3, respectively. The results indicated that up to 687 (or 38% of all) annual childhood asthma cases in Bradford may be attributable to air pollution. Up to 109 cases (6%) and 219 cases (12%) may be specifically attributable to TRAP, with and without minor roads and cold starts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study undertaking full-chain health impact assessment of TRAP and childhood asthma in a disadvantaged population with public concern about TRAP. It further adds to scarce literature exploring the impact of different exposure assessments. In conservative estimates, air pollution and TRAP are estimated to cause a large, but largely preventable, childhood asthma burden. Future progress with childhood asthma requires a move beyond the prevalent disease control-based approach toward asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Khreis
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) and Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), TX, United States of America; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Bowatte G, Lodge CJ, Knibbs LD, Erbas B, Perret JL, Jalaludin B, Morgan GG, Bui DS, Giles GG, Hamilton GS, Wood-Baker R, Thomas P, Thompson BR, Matheson MC, Abramson MJ, Walters EH, Dharmage SC. Traffic related air pollution and development and persistence of asthma and low lung function. Environ Int 2018; 113:170-176. [PMID: 29427878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traffic Related Air Pollution (TRAP) exposure is known to exacerbate existing respiratory diseases. We investigated longer term effects of TRAP exposure for individuals with or without existing asthma, and with or without lower lung function. METHODS Associations between TRAP exposure and asthma (n = 689) and lung function (n = 599) were investigated in the prospective Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS). TRAP exposure at age 45 years was measured using two methods based on residential address: mean annual NO2 exposure; and distance to nearest major road. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to model the association between exposure to TRAP at 45 years and changes in asthma and lung function, using three follow ups of TAHS (45, 50 and 53 years). RESULTS For those who never had asthma by 45, living <200 m from a major road was associated with increased odds of new asthma that persisted from 50 to 53 years (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 5.20; 95% CI 1.07, 25.4). Asthmatic participants at 45 had an increased risk of persistent asthma up to 53 years if they were living <200 m from a major road, compared with asthmatic participants living >200 m from a major road (aOR = 5.21; 95% CI 1.54, 17.6). CONCLUSION For middle aged adults, living <200 m for a major road (a marker of TRAP exposure) influences both the development and persistence of asthma. These findings have public health implications for asthma prevention strategies in primary and secondary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology & Public Health, Department of Public Health, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Health People and Places Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- University Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dinh S Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Garun S Hamilton
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Wood-Baker
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania Medical School, Hobart, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- POWHCS & IIRC, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- NHMRC CRE, University of Tasmania Medical School, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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