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Sears CG, Braun JM, Ryan PH, Xu Y, Werner EF, Lanphear BP, Wellenius GA. The association of traffic-related air and noise pollution with maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the HOME study cohort. Environ Int 2018; 121:574-581. [PMID: 30300815 PMCID: PMC6252254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air and noise pollution may increase the risk for cardiovascular disorders, especially among susceptible populations like pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution and traffic noise with blood pressure in pregnant women. We extracted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ≥20 weeks gestation, as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from medical records in the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort from Cincinnati, OH (n = 370). We estimated exposure to elemental carbon attributable to traffic (ECAT),1 a marker of traffic-related air pollution, at women's residences at ~20 weeks gestation using a validated land use regression model and traffic noise using a publicly available transportation noise model. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression adjusted for covariates to examine associations of ECAT and traffic noise with blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk, respectively. In adjusted models, we found a 1.6 (95% CI = 0.02, 3.3; p = 0.048) mm Hg increase in SBP associated with an interquartile range increase in ECAT concentration; the association was stronger after adjusting for traffic noise (1.9 mm Hg, 95% = 0.1, 3.7; p = 0.035). ECAT concentrations were not significantly associated with DBP or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and traffic noise was not associated with SBP, DBP, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. There was no evidence of a joint effect of traffic noise and ECAT on any outcome. In this cohort, higher residential traffic-related air pollution exposure at ~20 weeks gestation was associated with higher SBP in late pregnancy. It is important for future studies of traffic-related air or noise pollution to jointly consider both exposures and neighborhood characteristics given their correlation and potential cumulative impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Sears
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Zhu B, Huang K, Bao W, Yan S, Hao J, Zhu P, Gao H, Niu Y, Tong S, Tao F. Dose-response relationship between maternal blood pressure in pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: Ma'anshan birth cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 15:16-22. [PMID: 30825914 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study depicts the dose-response relationship between blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in different trimesters. STUDY DESIGN We used restricted cubic spline to quantify the dose-response relationship between maternal BP in different trimesters and risk of adverse birth outcomes (small for gestational age, SGA; and pre-term birth, PTB). The data were from the Ma'anshan birth cohort study in China (N = 3273). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of SGA and PTB. RESULTS There were dose-response associations of both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with risk of SGA in the third trimester and with PTB in both second and third trimesters. In the third trimester, compared with SBP of 120 mmHg, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA were 1.12 (1.01-1.19), 1.32 (1.10-1.60), 1.65 (1.20-2.27) and 2.05 (1.30-3.24) for SBP of 125, 130, 135 and 140 mmHg, respectively. The corresponding ORs and 95% CIs of PTB were 1.15 (1.00-1.32), 1.59 (1.28-1.98), 2.35 (1.66-3.33) and 3.47 (2.10-5.73), respectively. Compared with DBP of 70 mmHg, the ORs and 95% CIs of SGA were 1.44 (1.16-1.78) and 3.04 (2.06-4.50) for DBP of 80 and 90 mmHg, respectively. The corresponding ORs and 95% CIs of PTB were 1.32 (0.93-1.90) and 3.58 (2.21-5.78), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A consistent set of dose-response relationships between maternal BP and adverse birth outcomes were observed. Most importantly, we found that moderately elevated maternal BP, even within a normal range, increased the risk of adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Zhou G, Holzman C, Luo Z, Margerison C. Maternal serum uric acid levels and blood pressure during pregnancy: A community-based cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 222:64-69. [PMID: 29353133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies find both very low and high serum uric acid (UA) levels are related to oxidative stress and to conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease in the general population. Pregnancy studies have focused only on high maternal UA. In present study, we tested whether unusually high and low levels of maternal serum UA are associated with increases in blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN The Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study enrolled 3019 pregnant women between their 16th-27th week of pregnancy from 52 clinics in 5 Michigan communities (1998-2004). UA levels were measured in maternal blood collected at enrollment from a sub-cohort of 1223 participants. BP was abstracted from prenatal medical records; these analyses used highest recorded diastolic BP (DBP) and its companion systolic BP (SBP). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated using the formula of (2 × DBP + SBP)/3. Covariates, including maternal race/ethnicity, age at enrollment, education level, medical insurance status, body mass index before pregnancy, parity, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol use during pregnancy, and gestational week at blood collection, were considered as potential confounding variables. Associations between UA levels and BP were evaluated with linear spline or multiple linear regression models. Models' robustness was examined with bootstrap estimation of variance, sensitivity analysis, and 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS Both DBP and MAP had a J-shaped relationship with maternal UA; the breakpoints (nadirs) were 0.153 and 0.161 mmol/L UA, respectively. For DBP versus UA, adjusted regression coefficient (β) = -95.67 (standard error (SE) = 37.67 and p = 0.01) for the left and adjusted β = 48.95 (SE = 9.56 and p < 0.01) for the right; for MAP versus UA, adjusted β = -58.48 (SE = 31.42 and p = 0.06) for the left and adjusted β = 52.23 (SE = 11.39 and p < 0.01) for the right. Maternal SBP followed a positive linear trend with UA levels (adjusted β = 37.75, SE = 12.93, and p < 0.01). All results were robust. CONCLUSION Extreme high and low maternal serum UA levels may be informative in studying maternal blood pressure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Holzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Claire Margerison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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