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Samorano LP, Manfrere KCG, Pereira NV, Takaoka R, Valente NYS, Sotto MN, Silva LFF, Sato MN, Aoki V. Methotrexate for refractory adult atopic dermatitis leads to alterations in cutaneous IL-31 and IL-31RA expression. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:72-79. [PMID: 37730501 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. RESULTS There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. STUDY LIMITATIONS Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03327116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Paula Samorano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristina Gomes Manfrere
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Takaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Farias-Itao DS, Pasqualucci CA, Andrade RA, Silva LFF, Estevam MY, Campo AB, Suemoto CK. TH1 lymphocytes in the perivascular adipose tissue correlate with plaque composition and increase the risk of intraplaque haemorrhages in coronary arteries: an autopsy study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Inflammation in the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) might play a role in coronary artery disease. The T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes are the most popular T helper (Th) lymphocytes in atherosclerotic plaques and are proatherogenic. However, the association between the Th1 and Th lymphocytes in the PvAT with coronary atherosclerosis composition was not previously investigated in humans.
Purpose
We investigated the correlation between Th CD4+ and Th1 CD4+CXCR3+ lymphocytes in the PvAT with atherosclerotic plaque composition.
Methods
Human coronary arteries were freshly dissected with adjacent PvAT. The most important atherosclerotic plaque was selected of the main coronary arteries and was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhöeff. We calculated the percentage of arterial obstruction, intima-media thickness, the minimum fibrous cap thickness, and the percentual of collagen, smooth muscle cells (SMC), fibrous cap, calcification, lipid, necrosis, and intraplaque hemorrhage. The atherosclerotic plaques were classified in stable and unstable plaques (hemorrhages and thrombus). The density of Th lymphocytes (CD4+), Th1 (CD4+CXCR3+), and the ratio of Th1/Th were detected using the immunohistochemistry double staining technique. The densities and the ratio Th1/Th were correlated with plaque composition using linear, negative binomial, or Poisson regressions models with clustering for multiple measures in the same individual and adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Results
We evaluated a sample of 126 coronary arteries from 58 subjects. The individuals were older (70.4±14.3 years old), sex was equally distributed, 74% had hypertension, and 40% diabetes. In multivariate analysis, the Th lymphocytes were negatively correlated with calcification content (β=−0.21, 95% CI: −0.41; −0.006, p=0.043). The Th1 lymphocytes were not correlated with plaque composition; however, the increase of Th1 density in relation to Th lymphocytes was negatively correlated with SMC (β=−35.6, 95% CI: −68.5; −2.83, p=0.03) and the fibrous cap content (β=−11.6, 95% CI: −19.1; −4.05, p=0.003). Additionally, the higher proportion of Th1/Th lymphocytes increased the risk of intraplaque haemorrhages compared to stable coronary plaques (OR=15.5, 95% CI: 1.23; 196.4, p=0.03).
Conclusions
The increase of pro-inflammatory Th1 lymphocytes in the PvAT was correlated to the decrease of components in atherosclerotic plaques related to plaque stabilization, such as SMC and fibrous cap content. Additionally, the increase in the proportion of pro-inflammatory Th1 lymphocytes in the PvAT also increases the risk of intraplaque haemorrhages in coronary arteries.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Farias-Itao
- Sao Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Pasqualucci
- Sao Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Andrade
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sao Paulo (IFSP), Control Engineering and Automation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F F Silva
- Sao Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Y Estevam
- Sao Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A B Campo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sao Paulo (IFSP), Control Engineering and Automation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C K Suemoto
- Sao Paulo University Medical School, Discipline of Geriatrics, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gimenez Junior GAA, Zilli PK, Silva LFF, Pasqualucci CA, Campo AB, Suemoto CK. Death trends based on autopsy data compared to the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10766. [PMID: 33624732 PMCID: PMC7894388 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide, especially in Brazil, currently one of the leading countries in number of infections and deaths. The beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil is uncertain due to the low number of tests done in the country. The excess number of deaths can suggest the beginning of the pandemic in this context. In this article, we used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to investigate possible excesses in the number of deaths processed by the São Paulo Autopsy Service according to different causes of deaths: all-cause, cardiovascular, and pulmonary causes. We calculated the expected number of deaths using data from 2019 to 2020 (n=17,011), and investigated different seasonal patterns using harmonic dynamic regression with Fourier terms with residuals modeled by an ARIMA method. We did not find any abnormalities in the predicted number of deaths and the real values in the first months of 2020. We found an increase in the number of deaths only by March 20, 2020, right after the first COVID-19 confirmed case in the city of São Paulo, which occurred on March 16, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A A Gimenez Junior
- Programa de Patofisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P K Zilli
- Pesquisador independente, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L F F Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C A Pasqualucci
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A B Campo
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Instituto Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C K Suemoto
- Divisão de Geriatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Nakagawa NK, Oliveira KMG, Boaventura AP, Polastri TF, Macchione M, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Calderaro M, Hajjar LA, Souza HP, Motta EV, Aikawa P, André CDS, Silva LFF, Timmerman S, Lockey A, Semeraro FF, Carmona MJC, Böttiger BW. Hands-only CPR training for children, adolescents and adults at the school community: The kids save lives Brazil experience. Resuscitation 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Farias-Itao DS, Pasqualucci CA, Nishizawa A, Silva LFF, Campos FM, Silva KCSD, Leite REP, Grinberg LT, Ferretti-Rebustini REL, Jacob Filho W, Suemoto CK. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: An Autopsy Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e211. [PMID: 27864166 PMCID: PMC5135732 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) inflammation may have a role in coronary artery disease (CAD) pathophysiology. However, most evidence has come from samples obtained during surgical procedures that may imply in some limitations. Moreover, the role of B lymphocytes and inflammation in PAT that is adjacent to unstable atheroma plaques has not been investigated in humans using morphometric measurements. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the inflammation in PAT, subcutaneous, and perirenal adipose tissues (SAT and PrAT) among chronic CAD, acute CAD, and control groups in an autopsy study. Methods Heart, SAT, and PrAT samples are collected from autopsied subjects in a general autopsy service, with the written informed consent of the next-of-kin (NOK). Sociodemographic and clinical data are obtained from a semistructure interview with the NOK. Coronary arteries are dissected and PAT are removed. Sections with the greatest arterial obstruction or unstable plaques, and the local with absence of atherosclerosis in all coronary arteries are sampled. PAT are represented adjacent to these fragments. Adipose tissues are fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde solution and analyzed immunohistochemically for macrophages (CD68), macrophage polarization (CD11c for proinflammatory and CD206 for anti-inflammatory), B lymphocytes (CD20), and T lymphocytes (CD3). Slides will be scanned, and inflammatory cells will be quantified in 20 random fields. Participants will be categorized in CAD groups, after morphometric measurement of arterial obstruction and plaque composition analysis in accordance with American Heart Association classification. Three study groups will be investigated: acute CAD (at least one unstable plaque); chronic CAD (≥50% arterial obstruction); and controls (<50% arterial obstruction). Inflammatory cells in PAT, SAT, and PrAT will be counted and compared between groups using multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking. Results We present the methods of our study that was developed from 2 pilots. Currently, data collection and tissue processing are ongoing. Data collection, histology and immunochemistry procedures, and quantification of all inflammatory cells are expected to be concluded within 1 year. Conclusions This study will contribute for the understanding of the mechanisms of CAD pathophysiology because it will help to clarify the role of inflammation both in chronic and acute CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Souza Farias-Itao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Pasqualucci
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Nishizawa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Marinho Campos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Souza da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Discipline of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Renata Eloah Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Nursing, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob Filho
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Discipline of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Discipline of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Seriani R, Junqueira MDS, de Toledo AC, Martins MA, Seckler M, Alencar AM, Negri EM, Silva LFF, Mauad T, Saldiva PHN, Macchione M. Diesel exhaust particulates affect cell signaling, mucin profiles, and apoptosis in trachea explants of Balb/C mice. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:1297-1308. [PMID: 24777914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter from diesel exhaust (DEP) has toxic properties and can activate intracellular signaling pathways and induce metabolic changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and to analyze the mucin profile (acid (AB(+) ), neutral (PAS(+) ), or mixed (AB/PAS(+) ) mucus) and vacuolization (V) of tracheal explants after treatment with 50 or 100 μg/mL DEP for 30 or 60 min. Western blot analyses showed small increases in ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation after 30 min of 100 μg/mL DEP treatment compared with the control. An increase in JNK phosphorylation was observed after 60 min of treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP compared with the control. We did not observe any change in the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP. Other groups of tracheas were subjected to histological sectioning and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent and Alcian Blue (AB). The stained tissue sections were then subjected to morphometric analysis. The results obtained were compared using ANOVA. Treatment with 50 μg/mL DEP for 30 min or 60 min showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the amount of acid mucus, a reduction in neutral mucus, a significant reduction in mixed mucus, and greater vacuolization. Our results suggest that compounds found in DEPs are able to activate acid mucus production and enhance vacuolization and cell signaling pathways, which can lead to airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Seriani
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Central Biotery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Seckler
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mesquita Alencar
- Department of General Physics - Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elnara Marcia Negri
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ferreira DS, Annoni R, Silva LFF, Buttignol M, Santos ABG, Medeiros MCR, Andrade LNS, Yick CY, Sterk PJ, Sampaio JLM, Dolhnikoff M, Wenzel SE, Mauad T. Toll-like receptors 2, 3 and 4 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in fatal asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1459-71. [PMID: 22994343 PMCID: PMC3459227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation in asthma involves innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are thought to be involved in airway inflammation, but their expression in asthmatics' both large and small airways has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To analyse the expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TSLP in large and small airways of asthmatics and compare their expression in smoking and non-smoking asthmatics; to investigate whether TLR expression is associated with eosinophilic or neutrophilic airway inflammation and with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we investigated TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TSLP expression in large and small airways of 24 victims of fatal asthma, FA, (13 non-smokers, 11 smokers) and nine deceased control subjects (DCtrl). TLRs were also measured in 18 mild asthmatics (MA) and 12 healthy controls (HCtrl). M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae in autopsy lung tissue were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Airway eosinophils and neutrophils were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Fatal asthma patients had higher TLR2 in the epithelial and outer layers of large and small airways compared with DCtrls. Smoking asthmatics had lower TLR2 levels in the inner and outer layers of the small airways than non-smoking asthmatics. TSLP was increased in the epithelial and outer layers of the large airways of FA. FA patients had greater TLR3 expression in the outer layer of large airways and greater TLR4 expression in the outer layer of small airways. Eosinophilic airway inflammation was associated with TLR expression in the epithelium of FA. No bacterial DNA was detected in FA or DCtrls. MA and HCtrls had only a small difference in TLR3 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increased expression of TLR 2, 3 and 4 and TSLP in fatal asthma may contribute to the acute inflammation surrounding asthma deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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den Otter I, Silva LFF, Carvalho ALN, Pires-Neto RC, Annoni R, Ferreira DS, Bajema I, van Schadewijk A, Rabe KF, Dolhnikoff M, Sterk PJ, Hiemstra PS, Mauad T. High-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor expression is increased in large and small airways in fatal asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1473-81. [PMID: 20937062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE and its high-affinity receptor FcɛRI play an important role in allergy and asthma. The distribution of FcɛRI expression in the airways and within the airway wall, however, is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to map the distribution of FcɛRI in different layers of large airways (LA) and small airways (SA) in lung tissue from non-smoking and smoking patients who died of asthma [fatal asthma (FA)] and non-smoking controls (CTR). METHODS Postmortem lung tissue from 24 cases of non-smoking FA, 13 smoking FA patients and from 19 subjects who died of non-pulmonary causes (CTR) was immunohistochemically stained for FcɛRI and AA1 (mast cell tryptase marker). The expression of these markers was analysed in inner, muscle, and outer layers of both LA and SA by image analysis. RESULTS FcɛRI expression was higher in non-smoking and smoking FA compared with CTR in the inner and outer layer of SA. In the outer layer of LA, FcɛRI expression was higher in non-smoking FA compared with CTR. AA1 was higher in non-smoking FA compared with smoking FA and CTR in the outer layer of the SA, which was correlated with FcɛRI in this layer. CONCLUSION Our results show that the expression of FcɛRI is higher in both LA and SA in FA compared with CTR. These differences are predominantly found in the outer layer where they can be attributed in part to the increased mast cell numbers. These results indicate an increased capacity to mount IgE-mediated reactions in FA, both in LA and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I den Otter
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Saldiva SRDM, Silva LFF, Saldiva PHN. Avaliação antropométrica e consumo alimentar em crianças menores de cinco anos residentes em um município da região do semiárido nordestino com cobertura parcial do programa bolsa família. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as condições de saúde e nutrição de crianças menores de cinco anos, e associar a qualidade do consumo alimentar aos beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família de um município do semiárido brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 189 crianças, a partir de uma amostragem de 411 domicílios do município de João Câmara (RN). Foram realizadas medidas de peso e altura, e levantadas às condições socioeconômicas e determinação dos hábitos alimentares. Para o diagnóstico nutricional das crianças foram utilizados os indicadores Peso/Idade, Altura/Idade e Peso/Altura. Análises univariadas foram realizadas e modelos bivariados e multivariados de regressão logística foram construídos para testar a hipótese do estudo. RESULTADOS: O déficit de peso foi de 4,3% e o de altura de 9,9%, e o excesso de peso de 14,0%. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre o estado nutricional de crianças beneficiárias e não beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família. Em ambos os grupos, os consumos de frutas, verduras e legumes foram baixos e semelhantes entre si. As crianças do programa bolsa família têm risco três vezes maior de consumir guloseimas (OR 3,06 - IC 1,35-6,95). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do padrão de consumo alimentar dessa população apontam para uma situação de "risco alimentar e nutricional", e exigem uma intervenção por parte dos profissionais de saúde para a promoção da alimentação saudável.
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Figueira de Mello GC, Ribeiro Carvalho CR, Adib Kairalla R, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Fernezlian S, Ferraz Silva LF, Dolhnikoff M, Mauad T. Small Airway Remodeling in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: A Pathological Study. Respiration 2010; 79:322-32. [DOI: 10.1159/000235722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Akinaga LMY, Lichtenfels AJ, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Caldini EG, Dolhnikoff M, Silva LFF, Bueno HMDS, Pereira LAA, Saldiva PHN, Garcia MLB. Effects of chronic exposure to air pollution from Sao Paulo city on coronary of Swiss mice, from birth to adulthood. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:306-14. [PMID: 19252180 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309332994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore the hypothesis that air pollution promotes cardiovascular changes, Swiss mice were continuously exposed, since birth, in two open-top chambers (filtered and nonfiltered for airborne particles <or= 0.3 microm) placed 20 m from a street with heavy traffic in downtown Sao Paulo, twenty-four hours per day for four months. Fine particle (PM(2.5)) concentration was determined gravimetrically; hearts were analyzed by morphometry. There was a reduction of the PM(2.5) inside the filtered chamber (filtered = 8.61+/-0.79 microg/m(3), nonfiltered = 18.05+/-1.25 microg/m(3), p < .001). Coronary arteries showed no evidence of luminal narrowing in the exposed group but presented higher collagen content in the adventitia of LV large-sized and RV midsized vessels (p = .001) and elastic fibers in both tunicae adventitia and intima-media of almost all sized arterioles from both ventricles (p = .03 and p = .001, respectively). We concluded that chronic exposure to urban air since birth induces mild but significant vascular structural alterations in normal individuals, presented as coronary arteriolar fibrosis and elastosis. These results might contribute to altered vascular response and ischemic events in the adulthood.
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Rocha LA, Vargas PA, Silva LFF, Leon JE, Santos AB, Hiemstra PS, Mauad T. Expression of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor in the submandibular glands of AIDS patients. Oral Dis 2008; 14:82-8. [PMID: 18173453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is an endogenous proteinase inhibitor present in mucosal secretions. It also displays antimicrobial activity including anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. This protease inhibitor is also expressed in submandibular glands (SMG), but there are few data on its expression in AIDS patients with infectious conditions. METHODS We analyzed the expression of SLPI using immunohistochemistry in submandibular gland samples of 36 AIDS patients [10 with normal histology, 10 with chronic nonspecific sialadenitis, eight with mycobacteriosis, and eight with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection] and 10 HIV-negative controls. The proteinase inhibitor was quantified using image analysis and expressed as % of positively stained area. RESULTS There was a higher expression of SLPI in AIDS patients with CMV infection (% of stained area, mean+/-SD: 37.37+/-14.45) when compared with all other groups (P=0.009). There were no significant differences between control subjects (22.70+/-9.42%) and AIDS patients without histologic alterations (18.10+/-7.58%), with chronic nonspecific sialadenitis (17.13+/-5.36%), or mycobacterial infection (21.09+/-4.66%). CONCLUSION Cytomegalovirus infection increases SLPI expression in the SMG of AIDS patients. Our results reveal new insights into the pathogenic association between HIV and CMV in AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Rocha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Piracicaba- University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Araujo BB, Dolhnikoff M, Silva LFF, Elliot J, Lindeman JHN, Ferreira DS, Mulder A, Gomes HAP, Fernezlian SM, James A, Mauad T. Extracellular matrix components and regulators in the airway smooth muscle in asthma. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:61-9. [PMID: 18321931 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00147807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is an intimate relationship between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and smooth muscle cells within the airways. Few studies have comprehensively assessed the composition of different ECM components and its regulators within the airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthma. With the aid of image analysis, the fractional areas of total collagen and elastic fibres were quantified within the ASM of 35 subjects with fatal asthma (FA) and compared with 10 nonfatal asthma (NFA) patients and 22 nonasthmatic control cases. Expression of collagen I and III, fibronectin, versican, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9 and -12 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 was quantified within the ASM in 22 FA and 10 control cases. In the large airways of FA cases, the fractional area of elastic fibres within the ASM was increased compared with NFA and controls. Similarly, fibronectin, MMP-9 and MMP-12 were increased within the ASM in large airways of FA cases compared with controls. Elastic fibres were increased in small airways in FA only in comparison with NFA cases. There is altered extracellular matrix composition and a degradative environment within the airway smooth muscle in fatal asthma patients, which may have important consequences for the mechanical and synthetic functions of airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Araujo
- Dept of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, Avenida Dr Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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