51
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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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52
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Spinelli JB, Rosen PC, Sprenger HG, Puszynska AM, Mann JL, Roessler JM, Cangelosi AL, Henne A, Condon KJ, Zhang T, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Chandel NS, Sabatini DM. Fumarate is a terminal electron acceptor in the mammalian electron transport chain. Science 2021; 374:1227-1237. [PMID: 34855504 PMCID: PMC8803114 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For electrons to continuously enter and flow through the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), they must ultimately land on a terminal electron acceptor (TEA), which is known to be oxygen in mammals. Paradoxically, we find that complex I and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) can still deposit electrons into the ETC when oxygen reduction is impeded. Cells lacking oxygen reduction accumulate ubiquinol, driving the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex in reverse to enable electron deposition onto fumarate. Upon inhibition of oxygen reduction, fumarate reduction sustains DHODH and complex I activities. Mouse tissues display varying capacities to use fumarate as a TEA, most of which net reverse the SDH complex under hypoxia. Thus, we delineate a circuit of electron flow in the mammalian ETC that maintains mitochondrial functions under oxygen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Spinelli
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul C. Rosen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Sprenger
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna M. Puszynska
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica L. Mann
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julian M. Roessler
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew L. Cangelosi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Antonia Henne
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kendall J. Condon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David M. Sabatini
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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53
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Magupalli VG, Fontana P, Wu H. Ragulator-Rag and ROS TORment gasdermin D pore formation. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:948-950. [PMID: 34663551 PMCID: PMC8643276 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Upon cleavage, the Gasdermin D (GSDMD) N-terminal fragment assembles into pores on the plasma membrane to orchestrate the lytic cell death known as pyroptosis. In a recent article, Evavold et al. showed that the Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1-ROS pathway controls the transition from cleavage and membrane localization to oligomerization and pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Giri Magupalli
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pietro Fontana
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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54
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Byles V, Cormerais Y, Kalafut K, Barrera V, Hughes Hallett JE, Sui SH, Asara JM, Adams CM, Hoxhaj G, Ben-Sahra I, Manning BD. Hepatic mTORC1 signaling activates ATF4 as part of its metabolic response to feeding and insulin. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101309. [PMID: 34303878 PMCID: PMC8368025 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is dynamically regulated by fasting and feeding cycles in the liver to promote protein and lipid synthesis while suppressing autophagy. However, beyond these functions, the metabolic response of the liver to feeding and insulin signaling orchestrated by mTORC1 remains poorly defined. Here, we determine whether ATF4, a stress responsive transcription factor recently found to be independently regulated by mTORC1 signaling in proliferating cells, is responsive to hepatic mTORC1 signaling to alter hepatocyte metabolism. METHODS ATF4 protein levels and expression of canonical gene targets were analyzed in the liver following fasting and physiological feeding in the presence or absence of the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin. Primary hepatocytes from wild-type or liver-specific Atf4 knockout (LAtf4KO) mice were used to characterize the effects of insulin-stimulated mTORC1-ATF4 function on hepatocyte gene expression and metabolism. Both unbiased steady-state metabolomics and stable-isotope tracing methods were employed to define mTORC1 and ATF4-dependent metabolic changes. RNA-sequencing was used to determine global changes in feeding-induced transcripts in the livers of wild-type versus LAtf4KO mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that ATF4 and its metabolic gene targets are stimulated by mTORC1 signaling in the liver, in a hepatocyte-intrinsic manner by insulin in response to feeding. While we demonstrate that de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis is stimulated by insulin through mTORC1 signaling in primary hepatocytes, this regulation was independent of ATF4. Metabolomics and metabolite tracing studies revealed that insulin-mTORC1-ATF4 signaling stimulates pathways of nonessential amino acid synthesis in primary hepatocytes, including those of alanine, aspartate, methionine, and cysteine, but not serine. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that ATF4 is a novel metabolic effector of mTORC1 in the liver, extending the molecular consequences of feeding and insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling in this key metabolic tissue to the control of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Byles
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yann Cormerais
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krystle Kalafut
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Hughes Hallett
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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55
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Abstract
Tumour initiation and progression requires the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Cancer cells autonomously alter their flux through various metabolic pathways in order to meet the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand as well as mitigate oxidative stress required for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Cancer driver mutations coupled with environmental nutrient availability control flux through these metabolic pathways. Metabolites, when aberrantly accumulated, can also promote tumorigenesis. The development and application of new technologies over the last few decades has not only revealed the heterogeneity and plasticity of tumours but also allowed us to uncover new metabolic pathways involved in supporting tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME), which can be depleted of certain nutrients, forces cancer cells to adapt by inducing nutrient scavenging mechanisms to sustain cancer cell proliferation. There is growing appreciation that the metabolism of cell types other than cancer cells within the TME, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells, can modulate tumour progression. Because metastases are a major cause of death of patients with cancer, efforts are underway to understand how metabolism is harnessed by metastatic cells. Additionally, there is a new interest in exploiting cancer genetic analysis for patient stratification and/or dietary interventions in combination with therapies that target metabolism. In this Perspective, we highlight these main themes that are currently under investigation in the context of in vivo tumour metabolism, specifically emphasizing questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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56
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Trefts E, Shaw RJ. AMPK: restoring metabolic homeostasis over space and time. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3677-3690. [PMID: 34547233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of AMPK and its homologs enabled exquisite responsivity and control of cellular energetic homeostasis. Recent work has been critical in establishing the mechanisms that determine AMPK activity, novel targets of AMPK action, and the distribution of AMPK-mediated control networks across the cellular landscape. The role of AMPK as a hub of metabolic control has led to intense interest in pharmacologic activation as a therapeutic avenue for a number of disease states, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. As such, critical work on the compartmentalization of AMPK, its downstream targets, and the systems it influences has progressed in recent years. The variegated distribution of AMPK-mediated control of metabolic homeostasis has revealed key insights into AMPK in normal biology and future directions for AMPK-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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57
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Herranz C, Mateo F, Baiges A, Ruiz de Garibay G, Junza A, Johnson SR, Miller S, García N, Capellades J, Gómez A, Vidal A, Palomero L, Espín R, Extremera AI, Blommaert E, Revilla‐López E, Saez B, Gómez‐Ollés S, Ancochea J, Valenzuela C, Alonso T, Ussetti P, Laporta R, Xaubet A, Rodríguez‐Portal JA, Montes‐Worboys A, Machahua C, Bordas J, Menendez JA, Cruzado JM, Guiteras R, Bontoux C, La Motta C, Noguera‐Castells A, Mancino M, Lastra E, Rigo‐Bonnin R, Perales JC, Viñals F, Lahiguera A, Zhang X, Cuadras D, van Moorsel CHM, van der Vis JJ, Quanjel MJR, Filippakis H, Hakem R, Gorrini C, Ferrer M, Ugun‐Klusek A, Billett E, Radzikowska E, Casanova Á, Molina‐Molina M, Roman A, Yanes O, Pujana MA. Histamine signaling and metabolism identify potential biomarkers and therapies for lymphangioleiomyomatosis. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13929. [PMID: 34378323 PMCID: PMC8422079 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mTOR is the standard of care for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). However, this therapy has variable tolerability and some patients show progressive decline of lung function despite treatment. LAM diagnosis and monitoring can also be challenging due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and insufficiency of non-invasive tests. Here, we propose monoamine-derived biomarkers that provide preclinical evidence for novel therapeutic approaches. The major histamine-derived metabolite methylimidazoleacetic acid (MIAA) is relatively more abundant in LAM plasma, and MIAA values are independent of VEGF-D. Higher levels of histamine are associated with poorer lung function and greater disease burden. Molecular and cellular analyses, and metabolic profiling confirmed active histamine signaling and metabolism. LAM tumorigenesis is reduced using approved drugs targeting monoamine oxidases A/B (clorgyline and rasagiline) or histamine H1 receptor (loratadine), and loratadine synergizes with rapamycin. Depletion of Maoa or Hrh1 expression, and administration of an L-histidine analog, or a low L-histidine diet, also reduce LAM tumorigenesis. These findings extend our knowledge of LAM biology and suggest possible ways of improving disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herranz
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesca Mateo
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Baiges
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gorka Ruiz de Garibay
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Department of Electronic EngineeringInstitute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IIPSV)University Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Simon R Johnson
- National Centre for LymphangioleiomyomatosisNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, NottinghamshireDivision of Respiratory MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Suzanne Miller
- National Centre for LymphangioleiomyomatosisNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, NottinghamshireDivision of Respiratory MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Nadia García
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Department of Electronic EngineeringInstitute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IIPSV)University Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Antonio Gómez
- Centre for Genomic RegulationBarcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Rheumatology Department and Rheumatology Research GroupVall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of PathologyUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeOncobellIDIBELL, L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER on Cancer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Luis Palomero
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roderic Espín
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ana I Extremera
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eline Blommaert
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eva Revilla‐López
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pneumology ServiceLymphangioleiomyomatosis ClinicVall d’Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Berta Saez
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pneumology ServiceLymphangioleiomyomatosis ClinicVall d’Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Susana Gómez‐Ollés
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pneumology ServiceLymphangioleiomyomatosis ClinicVall d’Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Pneumology ServiceLa Princesa Research InstituteUniversity Hospital La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Pneumology ServiceLa Princesa Research InstituteUniversity Hospital La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Tamara Alonso
- Pneumology ServiceLa Princesa Research InstituteUniversity Hospital La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Piedad Ussetti
- Pneumology ServiceUniversity Hospital Clínica Puerta del Hierro, MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Rosalía Laporta
- Pneumology ServiceUniversity Hospital Clínica Puerta del Hierro, MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Antoni Xaubet
- Pneumology ServiceHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - José A Rodríguez‐Portal
- Medical‐Surgical Unit of Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)University Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevilleSpain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ana Montes‐Worboys
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Interstitial Lung Disease UnitDepartment of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos Machahua
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Interstitial Lung Disease UnitDepartment of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaume Bordas
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Interstitial Lung Disease UnitDepartment of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Experimental NephrologyDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roser Guiteras
- Experimental NephrologyDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christophe Bontoux
- Department of PathologyUniversity Hospital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SorbonneParisFrance
| | | | - Aleix Noguera‐Castells
- Biomedical Research Institute “August Pi i Sunyer” (IDIBAPS)Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mario Mancino
- Biomedical Research Institute “August Pi i Sunyer” (IDIBAPS)Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Enrique Lastra
- Genetic Counseling UnitDepartment of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital of BurgosBurgosSpain
| | - Raúl Rigo‐Bonnin
- Clinical LaboratoryUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jose C Perales
- Department of Physiological Science IIUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Physiological Science IIUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alvaro Lahiguera
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)National Institute of Health (NIH)BethesdaMDUSA
| | - Daniel Cuadras
- Statistics DepartmentFoundation Sant Joan de DéuEspluguesSpain
| | - Coline H M van Moorsel
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Center of ExcellenceSt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne J van der Vis
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Center of ExcellenceSt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Marian J R Quanjel
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Center of ExcellenceSt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Harilaos Filippakis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Razq Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- Princess Margaret HospitalThe Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer ResearchOntario Cancer InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)National Institute of Health (NIH)BethesdaMDUSA
| | - Aslihan Ugun‐Klusek
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD)School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Ellen Billett
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD)School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska
- Department of Lung Diseases IIINational Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Álvaro Casanova
- Pneumology ServiceUniversity Hospital of HenaresUniversity Francisco de Vitoria, CosladaMadridSpain
| | - María Molina‐Molina
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Interstitial Lung Disease UnitDepartment of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Roman
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pneumology ServiceLymphangioleiomyomatosis ClinicVall d’Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Department of Electronic EngineeringInstitute of Health Research Pere Virgili (IIPSV)University Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Miquel A Pujana
- ProCURECatalan Institute of OncologyOncobellBellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
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58
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Evavold CL, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Devant P, D'Andrea JM, Ngwa EM, Boršić E, Doench JG, LaFleur MW, Sharpe AH, Thiagarajah JR, Kagan JC. Control of gasdermin D oligomerization and pyroptosis by the Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 pathway. Cell 2021; 184:4495-4511.e19. [PMID: 34289345 PMCID: PMC8380731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The process of pyroptosis is mediated by inflammasomes and a downstream effector known as gasdermin D (GSDMD). Upon cleavage by inflammasome-associated caspases, the N-terminal domain of GSDMD forms membrane pores that promote cytolysis. Numerous proteins promote GSDMD cleavage, but none are known to be required for pore formation after GSDMD cleavage. Herein, we report a forward genetic screen that identified the Ragulator-Rag complex as being necessary for GSDMD pore formation and pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Ragulator-Rag is not required for GSDMD cleavage upon inflammasome activation but rather promotes GSDMD oligomerization in the plasma membrane. Defects in GSDMD oligomerization and pore formation can be rescued by mitochondrial poisons that stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS modulation impacts the ability of inflammasome pathways to promote pore formation downstream of GSDMD cleavage. These findings reveal an unexpected link between key regulators of immunity (inflammasome-GSDMD) and metabolism (Ragulator-Rag).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Evavold
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pascal Devant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasmin M D'Andrea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elsy M Ngwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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59
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Ortiz-González XR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Common Denominator in Neurodevelopmental Disorders? Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:222-229. [PMID: 34350863 PMCID: PMC8440386 DOI: 10.1159/000517870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the organelles classically seen as the powerhouse of the cell, are increasingly associated with a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although individually rare, a myriad of pediatric neurogenetic disorders have been identified in the last few years, thanks to advances in clinical genetic sequencing and data analysis. As this exponential growth continues, mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, with clinical presentations ranging from syndromic autism, intellectual disability, and epileptic encephalopathies to childhood onset neurodegeneration. Here we review recent evidence demonstrating mitochondrial involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders, identify emerging mechanistic trends, and reconsider the long-standing question of the role of mitochondria in light of new evidence: causation versus mere association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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60
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Liu Y, Birsoy K. Asparagine, a Key Metabolite in Cellular Response to Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:479-481. [PMID: 33896762 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) has been an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its essentiality for tumor growth. Krall et al. found that under ETC dysfunction, a decrease in asparagine limits cancer cell proliferation and activates the integrated stress response, creating a therapeutically exploitable metabolic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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61
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Castells-Roca L, Tejero E, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Surrallés J. CRISPR Screens in Synthetic Lethality and Combinatorial Therapies for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1591. [PMID: 33808217 PMCID: PMC8037779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic dysfunctions. Tumor heterogeneity causes the molecular variety that divergently controls responses to chemotherapy, leading to the recurrent problem of cancer reappearance. For many decades, efforts have focused on identifying essential tumoral genes and cancer driver mutations. More recently, prompted by the clinical success of the synthetic lethality (SL)-based therapy of the PARP inhibitors in homologous recombinant deficient tumors, scientists have centered their novel research on SL interactions (SLI). The state of the art to find new genetic interactions are currently large-scale forward genetic CRISPR screens. CRISPR technology has rapidly evolved to be a common tool in the vast majority of laboratories, as tools to implement CRISPR screen protocols are available to all researchers. Taking advantage of SLI, combinatorial therapies have become the ultimate model to treat cancer with lower toxicity, and therefore better efficiency. This review explores the CRISPR screen methodology, integrates the up-to-date published findings on CRISPR screens in the cancer field and proposes future directions to uncover cancer regulation and individual responses to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Castells-Roca
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Syndromes Group, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau) and Join Unit UAB-IR Sant Pau on Genomic Medicine, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eudald Tejero
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Santiago
- Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Syndromes Group, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau) and Join Unit UAB-IR Sant Pau on Genomic Medicine, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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62
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Torrence ME, MacArthur MR, Hosios AM, Valvezan AJ, Asara JM, Mitchell JR, Manning BD. The mTORC1-mediated activation of ATF4 promotes protein and glutathione synthesis downstream of growth signals. eLife 2021; 10:e63326. [PMID: 33646118 PMCID: PMC7997658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) stimulates a coordinated anabolic program in response to growth-promoting signals. Paradoxically, recent studies indicate that mTORC1 can activate the transcription factor ATF4 through mechanisms distinct from its canonical induction by the integrated stress response (ISR). However, its broader roles as a downstream target of mTORC1 are unknown. Therefore, we directly compared ATF4-dependent transcriptional changes induced upon insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling to those activated by the ISR. In multiple mouse embryo fibroblast and human cancer cell lines, the mTORC1-ATF4 pathway stimulated expression of only a subset of the ATF4 target genes induced by the ISR, including genes involved in amino acid uptake, synthesis, and tRNA charging. We demonstrate that ATF4 is a metabolic effector of mTORC1 involved in both its established role in promoting protein synthesis and in a previously unappreciated function for mTORC1 in stimulating cellular cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Torrence
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Alexander J Valvezan
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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