51
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Biotechnological production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides: Prokaryotic fucosyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades or whole cell conversion systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:61-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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52
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Summers EL, Moon CD, Atua R, Arcus VL. The structure of a glycoside hydrolase 29 family member from a rumen bacterium reveals unique, dual carbohydrate-binding domains. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:750-761. [PMID: 27710940 PMCID: PMC5053160 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 29 consists solely of α-L-fucosidases. These enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. Here, the structure of GH29_0940, a protein cloned from metagenomic DNA from the rumen of a cow, has been solved, which reveals a multi-domain arrangement that has only recently been identified in bacterial GH29 enzymes. The microbial species that provided the source of this enzyme is unknown. This enzyme contains a second carbohydrate-binding domain at its C-terminal end in addition to the typical N-terminal catalytic domain and carbohydrate-binding domain arrangement of GH29-family proteins. GH29_0940 is a monomer and its overall structure consists of an N-terminal TIM-barrel-like domain, a central β-sandwich domain and a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. The TIM-barrel-like catalytic domain exhibits a (β/α)8/7 arrangement in the core instead of the typical (β/α)8 topology, with the `missing' α-helix replaced by a long meandering loop that `closes' the barrel structure and suggests a high degree of structural flexibility in the catalytic core. This feature was also noted in all six other structures of GH29 enzymes that have been deposited in the PDB. Based on sequence and structural similarity, the residues Asp162 and Glu220 are proposed to serve as the catalytic nucleophile and the proton donor, respectively. Like other GH29 enzymes, the GH29_0940 structure shows five strictly conserved residues in the catalytic pocket. The structure shows two glycerol molecules in the active site, which have also been observed in other GH29 structures, suggesting that the enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of small carbohydrates. The two binding domains are classed as family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM32). These domains have residues involved in ligand binding in the loop regions at the edge of the β-sandwich. The predicted substrate-binding residues differ between the modules, suggesting that different modules bind to different groups on the substrate(s). Enzymes that possess multiple copies of CBMs are thought to have a complex mechanism of ligand recognition. Defined electron density identifying a long 20-amino-acid hydrophilic loop separating the two CBMs was observed. This suggests that the additional C-terminal domain may have a dynamic range of movement enabled by the loop, allowing a unique mode of action for a GH29 enzyme that has not been identified previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Summers
- Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Christina D. Moon
- Health and Animal Science, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Renee Atua
- Health and Animal Science, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Vickery L. Arcus
- Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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53
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Sugiyama Y, Gotoh A, Katoh T, Honda Y, Yoshida E, Kurihara S, Ashida H, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K, Kitaoka M, Katayama T. Introduction of H-antigens into oligosaccharides and sugar chains of glycoproteins using highly efficient 1,2-α-l-fucosynthase. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1235-1247. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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54
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Abstract
A robust platform for facile defined glycan synthesis does not exist. Yet the need for such technology has never been greater as researchers seek to understand the full scope of carbohydrate function, stretching beyond the classical roles of structure and energy storage to encompass highly nuanced cell signaling events. To comprehensively explore and exploit the full diversity of carbohydrate functions, we must first be able to synthesize them in a controlled manner. Toward this goal, traditional chemical syntheses are inefficient while nature's own synthetic enzymes, the glycosyl transferases, can be challenging to express and expensive to employ on scale. Glycoside hydrolases represent a pool of glycan processing enzymes that can be either used in a transglycosylation mode or, better, engineered to function as "glycosynthases," mutant enzymes capable of assembling glycosides. Glycosynthases grant access to valuable glycans that act as functional and structural probes or indeed as inhibitors and therapeutics in their own right. The remodelling of glycosylation patterns in therapeutic proteins via glycoside hydrolases and their mutants is an exciting frontier in both basic research and industrial scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Danby
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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55
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Katayama T. Host-derived glycans serve as selected nutrients for the gut microbe: human milk oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria†. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:621-32. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1132153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lactation is a common feeding strategy of eutherian mammals, but its functions go beyond feeding the neonates. Ever since Tissier isolated bifidobacteria from the stool of breast-fed infants, human milk has been postulated to contain compounds that selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in intestines. However, until relatively recently, there have been no reports to link human milk compound(s) with bifidobacterial physiology. Over the past decade, successive studies have demonstrated that infant-gut-associated bifidobacteria are equipped with genetic and enzymatic toolsets dedicated to assimilation of host-derived glycans, especially human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Among gut microbes, the presence of enzymes required for degrading HMOs with type-1 chains is essentially limited to infant-gut-associated bifidobacteria, suggesting HMOs serve as selected nutrients for the bacteria. In this study, I shortly discuss the research on bifidobacteria and HMOs from a historical perspective and summarize the roles of bifidobacterial enzymes in the assimilation of HMOs with type-1 chains. Based on this overview, I suggest the co-evolution between bifidobacteria and human beings mediated by HMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takane Katayama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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56
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Fan S, Zhang H, Chen X, Lu L, Xu L, Xiao M. Cloning, characterization, and production of three α-l-fucosidases fromClostridium perfringensATCC 13124. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:347-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Fan
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology; Shandong University; Jinan China
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57
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Saumonneau A, Champion E, Peltier-Pain P, Molnar-Gabor D, Hendrickx J, Tran V, Hederos M, Dekany G, Tellier C. Design of an α-l-transfucosidase for the synthesis of fucosylated HMOs. Glycobiology 2015; 26:261-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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58
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Laezza A, Iadonisi A, Castro CD, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Parrilli M, Bedini E. Chemical Fucosylation of a Polysaccharide: A Semisynthetic Access to Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2237-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department
of Soil, Plant, Environmental, and Animal Production Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, via de Crecchio
7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, via de Crecchio
7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Department
of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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59
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Novel substrate specificities of two lacto-N-biosidases towards β-linked galacto-N-biose-containing oligosaccharides of globo H, Gb5, and GA1. Carbohydr Res 2015; 408:18-24. [PMID: 25839135 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the novel substrate specificities of two independently evolved lacto-N-biosidases (LnbX and LnbB) towards the sugar chains of globo- and ganglio-series glycosphingolipids. LnbX, a non-classified member of the glycoside hydrolase family, isolated from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, was shown to liberate galacto-N-biose (GNB: Galβ1-3GalNAc) and 2'-fucosyl GNB (a type-4 trisaccharide) from Gb5 pentasaccharide and globo H hexasaccharide, respectively. LnbB, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 20 isolated from Bifidobacterium bifidum, was shown to release GNB from Gb5 and GA1 oligosaccharides. This is the first report describing enzymatic release of β-linked GNB from natural substrates. These unique activities may play a role in modulating the microbial composition in the gut ecosystem, and may serve as new tools for elucidating the functions of sugar chains of glycosphingolipids.
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60
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Abstract
The important roles played by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the third major component of human milk, in the health of breast-fed infants have been increasingly recognized, as the structures of more than 100 different HMOS have now been elucidated. Despite the recognition of the various functions of HMOS as prebiotics, antiadhesive antimicrobials, and immunomodulators, the roles and the applications of individual HMOS species are less clear. This is mainly due to the limited accessibility to large amounts of individual HMOS in their pure forms. Current advances in the development of enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, whole-cell, and living-cell systems allow for the production of a growing number of HMOS in increasing amounts. This effort will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the important roles of HMOS and allow exploration into the applications of HMOS both as individual compounds and as mixtures of defined structures with desired functions. The structures, functions, and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of HMOS are briefly surveyed to provide a general picture about the current progress on these aspects. Future efforts should be devoted to elucidating the structures of more complex HMOS, synthesizing more complex HMOS including those with branched structures, and developing HMOS-based or HMOS-inspired prebiotics, additives, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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61
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Hottin A, Wright DW, Davies GJ, Behr JB. Exploiting the Hydrophobic Terrain in Fucosidases with Aryl-Substituted Pyrrolidine Iminosugars. Chembiochem 2014; 16:277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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62
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Shimada Y, Watanabe Y, Wakinaka T, Funeno Y, Kubota M, Chaiwangsri T, Kurihara S, Yamamoto K, Katayama T, Ashida H. α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum specifically hydrolyzes α-linked N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminus of O-glycan on gastric mucin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3941-8. [PMID: 25381911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Linked N-acetylglucosamine is one of the major glyco-epitopes in O-glycan of gastroduodenal mucin. Here, we identified glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 89 α-N-acetylglucosaminidase, termed AgnB, from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254, which is essentially specific to GlcNAcα1-4Gal structure. AgnB is a membrane-anchored extracellular enzyme consisting of a GH89 domain and four carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 32 domains. Among four CBM32 domains, three tandem ones at C-terminus showed to bind porcine gastric mucin, suggesting that these domains enhance the enzyme activity by increasing affinity for multivalent substrates. AgnB might be important for assimilation of gastroduodenal mucin by B. bifidum and also applicable to production of prebiotic oligosaccharides from porcine gastric mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Shimada
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
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63
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Zeuner B, Jers C, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Methods for improving enzymatic trans-glycosylation for synthesis of human milk oligosaccharide biomimetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9615-31. [PMID: 25208138 DOI: 10.1021/jf502619p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made within enzymatic synthesis of biomimetic, functional glycans, including, for example, human milk oligosaccharides. These compounds are mainly composed of N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, sialic acid, galactose, and glucose, and their controlled enzymatic synthesis is a novel field of research in advanced food ingredient chemistry, involving the use of rare enzymes, which have until now mainly been studied for their biochemical significance, not for targeted biosynthesis applications. For the enzymatic synthesis of biofunctional glycans reaction parameter optimization to promote "reverse" catalysis with glycosidases is currently preferred over the use of glycosyl transferases. Numerous methods exist for minimizing the undesirable glycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis and for improving the trans-glycosylation yields. This review provides an overview of the approaches and data available concerning optimization of enzymatic trans-glycosylation for novel synthesis of complex bioactive carbohydrates using sialidases, α-l-fucosidases, and β-galactosidases as examples. The use of an adequately high acceptor/donor ratio, reaction time control, continuous product removal, enzyme recycling, and/or the use of cosolvents may significantly improve trans-glycosylation and biocatalytic productivity of the enzymatic reactions. Protein engineering is also a promising technique for obtaining high trans-glycosylation yields, and proof-of-concept for reversing sialidase activity to trans-sialidase action has been established. However, the protein engineering route currently requires significant research efforts in each case because the structure-function relationship of the enzymes is presently poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Zeuner
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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64
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Cao H, Walton JD, Brumm P, Phillips GN. Structure and substrate specificity of a eukaryotic fucosidase from Fusarium graminearum. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25624-38. [PMID: 25086049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoside hydrolase family 29 (GH29) α-L-fucosidase from plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum (FgFCO1) actively releases fucose from the xyloglucan fragment. We solved crystal structures of two active-site conformations, i.e. open and closed, of apoFgFCO1 and an open complex with product fucose at atomic resolution. The closed conformation supports catalysis by orienting the conserved general acid/base Glu-288 nearest the predicted glycosidic position, whereas the open conformation possibly represents an unreactive state with Glu-288 positioned away from the catalytic center. A flexible loop near the substrate binding site containing a non-conserved GGSFT sequence is ordered in the closed but not the open form. We also identified a novel C-terminal βγ-crystallin domain in FgFCO1 devoid of calcium binding motif whose homologous sequences are present in various glycoside hydrolase families. N-Glycosylated FgFCO1 adopts a monomeric state as verified by solution small angle x-ray scattering in contrast to reported multimeric fucosidases. Steady-state kinetics shows that FgFCO1 prefers α1,2 over α1,3/4 linkages and displays minimal activity with p-nitrophenyl fucoside with an acidic pH optimum of 4.6. Despite a retaining GH29 family fold, the overall specificity of FgFCO1 most closely resembles inverting GH95 α-fucosidase, which displays the highest specificity with two natural substrates harboring the Fucα1-2Gal glycosidic linkage, a xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide, and 2'-fucosyllactose. Furthermore, FgFCO1 hydrolyzes H-disaccharide (lacking a +2 subsite sugar) at a rate 10(3)-fold slower than 2'-fucosyllactose. We demonstrated the structurally dynamic active site of FgFCO1 with flexible general acid/base Glu, a common feature shared by several bacterial GH29 fucosidases to various extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Cao
- From Rice University, Houston Texas 77005, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jonathan D Walton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and
| | - Phil Brumm
- C5-6 Technologies Corp., Middleton, Wisconsin 53562
| | - George N Phillips
- From Rice University, Houston Texas 77005, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
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65
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Li C, Ahn HJ, Kim JH, Kim YW. Transglycosylation of engineered cyclodextrin glucanotransferases as O-glycoligases. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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66
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Shaikh FA, Lammerts van Bueren A, Davies GJ, Withers SG. Identifying the Catalytic Acid/Base in GH29 α-l-Fucosidase Subfamilies. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5857-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bi400183q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Aidha Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver,
BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Alicia Lammerts van Bueren
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, U.K
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, U.K
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver,
BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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67
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Sakurama H, Kiyohara M, Wada J, Honda Y, Yamaguchi M, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Ashida H, Kumagai H, Kitaoka M, Yamamoto K, Katayama T. Lacto-N-biosidase encoded by a novel gene of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum shows unique substrate specificity and requires a designated chaperone for its active expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25194-25206. [PMID: 23843461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.484733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant gut-associated bifidobacteria possess species-specific enzymatic sets to assimilate human milk oligosaccharides, and lacto-N-biosidase (LNBase) is a key enzyme that degrades lacto-N-tetraose (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc), the main component of human milk oligosaccharides, to lacto-N-biose I (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) and lactose. We have previously identified LNBase activity in Bifidobacterium bifidum and some strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (B. longum). Subsequently, we isolated a glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20) LNBase from B. bifidum; however, the genome of the LNBase(+) strain of B. longum contains no GH20 LNBase homolog. Here, we reveal that locus tags BLLJ_1505 and BLLJ_1506 constitute LNBase from B. longum JCM1217. The gene products, designated LnbX and LnbY, respectively, showed no sequence similarity to previously characterized proteins. The purified enzyme, which consisted of LnbX only, hydrolyzed via a retaining mechanism the GlcNAcβ1-3Gal linkage in lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc), and sialyllacto-N-tetraose a (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Gal); the latter two are not hydrolyzed by GH20 LNBase. Among the chromogenic substrates examined, the enzyme acted on p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-β-lacto-N-bioside I (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ-pNP) and GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ-pNP. GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ linkage has been found in O-mannosyl glycans of α-dystroglycan. Therefore, the enzyme may serve as a new tool for examining glycan structures. In vitro refolding experiments revealed that LnbY and metal ions (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) are required for proper folding of LnbX. The LnbX and LnbY homologs have been found only in B. bifidum, B. longum, and a few gut microbes, suggesting that the proteins have evolved in specialized niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Sakurama
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Masashi Kiyohara
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Jun Wada
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Yuji Honda
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Masanori Yamaguchi
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Wakayama University, Sakaedani, Wakayama, 640-8510
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- the Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, and
| | - Hidehiko Kumagai
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- the National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836
| | - Takane Katayama
- From the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836,.
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68
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Synthesis of fucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine disaccharides by transfucosylation using α-L-fucosidases from Lactobacillus casei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3847-50. [PMID: 23542622 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00229-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AlfB and AlfC α-l-fucosidases from Lactobacillus casei were used in transglycosylation reactions, and they showed high efficiency in synthesizing fucosyldisaccharides. AlfB and AlfC activities exclusively produced fucosyl-α-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine and fucosyl-α-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. The reaction kinetics showed that AlfB can convert 23% p-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside into fucosyl-α-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine and AlfC at up to 56% into fucosyl-α-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine.
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Ito T, Katayama T, Hattie M, Sakurama H, Wada J, Suzuki R, Ashida H, Wakagi T, Yamamoto K, Stubbs KA, Fushinobu S. Crystal structures of a glycoside hydrolase family 20 lacto-N-biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11795-806. [PMID: 23479733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.420109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides contain a large variety of oligosaccharides, of which lacto-N-biose I (Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc; LNB) predominates as a major core structure. A unique metabolic pathway specific for LNB has recently been identified in the human commensal bifidobacteria. Several strains of infant gut-associated bifidobacteria possess lacto-N-biosidase, a membrane-anchored extracellular enzyme, that liberates LNB from the nonreducing end of human milk oligosaccharides and plays a key role in the metabolic pathway of these compounds. Lacto-N-biosidase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 20, and its reaction proceeds via a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism. Several crystal structures of GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, which release monosaccharide GlcNAc from its substrate, have been determined, but to date, a structure of lacto-N-biosidase is unknown. Here, we have determined the first three-dimensional structures of lacto-N-biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1254 in complex with LNB and LNB-thiazoline (Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc-thiazoline) at 1.8-Å resolution. Lacto-N-biosidase consists of three domains, and the C-terminal domain has a unique β-trefoil-like fold. Compared with other β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, lacto-N-biosidase has a wide substrate-binding pocket with a -2 subsite specific for β-1,3-linked Gal, and the residues responsible for Gal recognition were identified. The bound ligands are recognized by extensive hydrogen bonds at all of their hydroxyls consistent with the enzyme's strict substrate specificity for the LNB moiety. The GlcNAc sugar ring of LNB is in a distorted conformation near (4)E, whereas that of LNB-thiazoline is in a (4)C1 conformation. A possible conformational pathway for the lacto-N-biosidase reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ito
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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