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Milho C, Silva MD, Alves D, Oliveira H, Sousa C, Pastrana LM, Azeredo J, Sillankorva S. Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis dual-species biofilms: interspecies interactions and antibiofilm efficacy of phages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18183. [PMID: 31796870 PMCID: PMC6890764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis are foodborne pathogens forming challenging biofilms that contribute to their virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and survival on surfaces. Interspecies interactions occur between species in mixed biofilms promoting different outcomes to each species. Here we describe the interactions between E. coli and S. Enteritidis strains, and their control using specific phages. Single-species biofilms presented more cells compared to dual-species biofilms. The spatial organization of strains, observed by confocal microscopy, revealed similar arrangements in both single- and dual-species biofilms. The EPS matrix composition, assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, disclosed that the spectra extracted from the different dual-species biofilms can either be a combination of both species EPS matrix components or that the EPS matrix of one species predominates. Phages damaged more the single-species biofilms than the mixed biofilms, showing also that the killing efficacy was greatly dependent on the phage growth characteristics, bacterial growth parameters, and bacterial spatial distribution in biofilms. This combination of methodologies provides new knowledge of species-species and phage-host interactions in biofilms of these two major foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Milho
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Daniela Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Clara Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemical Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- INL- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Cerovic M, Forloni G, Balducci C. Neuroinflammation and the Gut Microbiota: Possible Alternative Therapeutic Targets to Counteract Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:284. [PMID: 31680937 PMCID: PMC6813195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multi-factorial disease affecting various brain systems. This complexity implies that successful therapies must be directed against several core neuropathological targets rather than single ones. The scientific community has made great efforts to identify the right AD targets beside the historic amyloid-β (Aβ). Neuroinflammation is re-emerging as determinant in the neuropathological process of AD. A new theory, still in its infancy, highlights the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the control of brain development, but also in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous systems, called gut-brain axes, is largely influenced by GM and the immune system is a potential key mediator of this interaction. Growing evidence points to the role of GM in the maturation and activation of host microglia and peripheral immune cells. Several recent studies have found abnormalities in GM (dysbiosis) in AD populations. These observations raise the intriguing question whether and how GM dysbiosis could contribute to AD development through action on the immune system and whether, in a therapeutic prospective, the development of strategies preserving a healthy GM might become a valuable approach to prevent AD. Here, we review the evidence from animal models and humans of the role of GM in neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Structural Insights into Curli CsgA Cross-β Fibril Architecture Inspire Repurposing of Anti-amyloid Compounds as Anti-biofilm Agents. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007978. [PMID: 31469892 PMCID: PMC6748439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curli amyloid fibrils secreted by Enterobacteriaceae mediate host cell adhesion and contribute to biofilm formation, thereby promoting bacterial resistance to environmental stressors. Here, we present crystal structures of amyloid-forming segments from the major curli subunit, CsgA, revealing steric zipper fibrils of tightly mated β-sheets, demonstrating a structural link between curli and human pathological amyloids. D-enantiomeric peptides, originally developed to interfere with Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid-β, inhibited CsgA fibrillation and reduced biofilm formation in Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, as previously shown, CsgA fibrils cross-seeded fibrillation of amyloid-β, providing support for the proposed structural resemblance and potential for cross-species amyloid interactions. The presented findings provide structural insights into amyloidogenic regions important for curli formation, suggest a novel strategy for disrupting amyloid-structured biofilms, and hypothesize on the formation of self-propagating prion-like species originating from a microbial source that could influence neurodegenerative diseases.
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54
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Jeyakumar T, Beauchemin N, Gros P. Impact of the Microbiome on the Human Genome. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:809-821. [PMID: 31451407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans live in a microbial world that includes pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause lethal infections. In addition, a large number of microbial communities inhabit mucosal surfaces where they provide key metabolic activities, facilitating adaptation to changing environments. New genome technologies enable both sequencing of the human genome and sequence-based cataloging of microbial communities inhabiting human mucosal surfaces. These have revealed intricate two-way relationships between the microbiome and the genome, including strong effects of human genotypes on the composition and activity of the microbiome. Likewise, the microbiome plays an important role in training and regulating the immune system, and acts to modify expression of human genetic risk for debilitating chronic inflammatory and immune conditions. These studies are suggesting a new role of the microbiome in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiviya Jeyakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill Center for the Study of Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill Center for the Study of Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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55
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Bacterial functional amyloids: Order from disorder. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:954-960. [PMID: 31195143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of intrinsic disorderness in proteins and peptide regions has given a new and useful insight into the working of biological systems. Due to enormous plasticity and heterogeneity, intrinsically disordered proteins or regions in proteins can perform myriad of functions. The flexibility in disordered proteins allows them to undergo conformation transition to form homopolymers of proteins called amyloids. Amyloids are highly structured protein aggregates associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. However, amyloids have gained much appreciation in recent years due to their functional roles. A functional amyloid fiber called curli is assembled on the bacterial cell surface as a part of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. The extracellular matrix that encases cells in a biofilm protects the cells and provides resistance against many environmental stresses. Several of the Csg (curli specific genes) proteins that are required for curli amyloid assembly are predicted to be intrinsically disordered. Therefore, curli amyloid formation is highly orchestrated so that these intrinsically disordered proteins do not inappropriately aggregate at the wrong time or place. The curli proteins are compartmentalized and there are chaperone-like proteins that prevent inappropriate aggregation and allow the controlled assembly of curli amyloids. Here we review the biogenesis of curli amyloids and the role that intrinsically disordered proteins play in the process.
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Ahan RE, Saltepe B, Apaydin O, Seker UOS. Cellular Biocatalysts Using Synthetic Genetic Circuits for Prolonged and Durable Enzymatic Activity. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1799-1809. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Erdem Ahan
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and NanotechnologyNational Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Behide Saltepe
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and NanotechnologyNational Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Onur Apaydin
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and NanotechnologyNational Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Urartu Ozgur Safak Seker
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and NanotechnologyNational Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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57
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Bostanciklioğlu M. The role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:954-967. [PMID: 30920075 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of the gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's pathology by evaluating the current original key findings and identifying gaps in the knowledge required for validation. The diversity of the gut microbiota declines in the elderly and in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Restoring the diversity with probiotic treatment alleviates the psychiatric and histopathological findings. This presents a problem: How does gut microbiota interact with the pathogenesis of AD? The starting point of this comprehensive review is addressing the role of bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters in the brain under various conditions, ranging from a healthy state to ageing and disease. In the light of current literature, we describe three different linkages between the present gut microbiome hypothesis and the other major theories for the pathogenesis of AD as follows: bacterial metabolites and amyloids can trigger central nervous system inflammation and cerebrovascular degeneration; impaired gut microbiome flora inhibits the autophagy-mediated protein clearance process; and gut microbiomes can change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain through the vagal afferent fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bostanciklioğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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58
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Kowalski K, Mulak A. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:48-60. [PMID: 30646475 PMCID: PMC6326209 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances along the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function associated with the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition induce increased permeability of the gut barrier and immune activation leading to systemic inflammation, which in turn may impair the blood-brain barrier and promote neuroinflammation, neural injury, and ultimately neurodegeneration. Recently, Aβ has also been recognized as an antimicrobial peptide participating in the innate immune response. However, in the dysregulated state, Aβ may reveal harmful properties. Importantly, bacterial amyloids through molecular mimicry may elicit cross-seeding of misfolding and induce microglial priming. The Aβ seeding and propagation may occur at different levels of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The potential mechanisms of amyloid spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct blood-brain barrier crossing or via other cells as astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, and immune system cells. A growing body of experimental and clinical data confirms a key role of gut dysbiosis and gut microbiota-host interactions in neurodegeneration. The convergence of gut-derived inflammatory response together with aging and poor diet in the elderly contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Modification of the gut microbiota composition by food-based therapy or by probiotic supplementation may create new preventive and therapeutic options in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kowalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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Bacterial Amyloids: Biogenesis and Biomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:113-159. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bondarev SA, Antonets KS, Kajava AV, Nizhnikov AA, Zhouravleva GA. Protein Co-Aggregation Related to Amyloids: Methods of Investigation, Diversity, and Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082292. [PMID: 30081572 PMCID: PMC6121665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are unbranched protein fibrils with a characteristic spatial structure. Although the amyloids were first described as protein deposits that are associated with the diseases, today it is becoming clear that these protein fibrils play multiple biological roles that are essential for different organisms, from archaea and bacteria to humans. The appearance of amyloid, first of all, causes changes in the intracellular quantity of the corresponding soluble protein(s), and at the same time the aggregate can include other proteins due to different molecular mechanisms. The co-aggregation may have different consequences even though usually this process leads to the depletion of a functional protein that may be associated with different diseases. The protein co-aggregation that is related to functional amyloids may mediate important biological processes and change of protein functions. In this review, we survey the known examples of the amyloid-related co-aggregation of proteins, discuss their pathogenic and functional roles, and analyze methods of their studies from bacteria and yeast to mammals. Such analysis allow for us to propose the following co-aggregation classes: (i) titration: deposition of soluble proteins on the amyloids formed by their functional partners, with such interactions mediated by a specific binding site; (ii) sequestration: interaction of amyloids with certain proteins lacking a specific binding site; (iii) axial co-aggregation of different proteins within the same amyloid fibril; and, (iv) lateral co-aggregation of amyloid fibrils, each formed by different proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Bondarev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Kirill S Antonets
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo sh., 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France.
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), 34095 Montpellier, France.
- University ITMO, Institute of Bioengineering, Kronverksky Pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Anton A Nizhnikov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo sh., 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
| | - Galina A Zhouravleva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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61
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Van Gerven N, Van der Verren SE, Reiter DM, Remaut H. The Role of Functional Amyloids in Bacterial Virulence. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3657-3684. [PMID: 30009771 PMCID: PMC6173799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are best known as a product of human and animal protein misfolding disorders, where amyloid formation is associated with cytotoxicity and disease. It is now evident that for some proteins, the amyloid state constitutes the native structure and serves a functional role. These functional amyloids are proving widespread in bacteria and fungi, fulfilling diverse functions as structural components in biofilms or spore coats, as toxins and surface-active fibers, as epigenetic material, peptide reservoirs or adhesins mediating binding to and internalization into host cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of functional amyloids in bacterial pathogenesis. The role of functional amyloids as virulence factor is diverse but mostly indirect. Nevertheless, functional amyloid pathways deserve consideration for the acute and long-term effects of the infectious disease process and may form valid antimicrobial targets. Functional amyloids are widespread in bacteria, pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Bacterial biofilms most commonly function as structural support in the extracellular matrix of biofilms or spore coats, and in cell–cell and cell-surface adherence. The amyloid state can be the sole structured and functional state, or can be facultative, as a secondary state to folded monomeric subunits. Bacterial amyloids can enhance virulence by increasing persistence, cell adherence and invasion, intracellular survival, and pathogen spread by increased environmental survival. Bacterial amyloids may indirectly inflict disease by triggering inflammation, contact phase activation and possibly induce or aggravate human pathological aggregation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Van Gerven
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander E Van der Verren
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Reiter
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Magana M, Sereti C, Ioannidis A, Mitchell CA, Ball AR, Magiorkinis E, Chatzipanagiotou S, Hamblin MR, Hadjifrangiskou M, Tegos GP. Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00084-16. [PMID: 29618576 PMCID: PMC6056845 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Sereti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Thriassio General Hospital, Attiki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Courtney A Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony R Ball
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi, Greece
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - George P Tegos
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
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63
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Peterson CP, Sauer C, Chatfield CH. The Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Legionella pneumophila Biofilms Contain Amyloid Structures. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:736-744. [PMID: 29468303 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human infection by bacteria of the genus Legionella most often result in the pneumonia known as Legionnaires Disease. Legionella is found as a resident of adherent biofilms in man-made water systems. Disinfection efforts to prevent Legionella infections require a better understanding of the structures that promote Legionella surface attachment and biofilm colonization. Various enzymatic treatments, including multiple carbohydrate-targeting mixtures, failed to disrupt Legionella biofilms, despite the presence of carbohydrates in the biofilms as shown by biochemical methods and concanavalin-A lectin staining. Moreover, Legionella biofilms contained amyloids as detected by three microscopic staining methods (congo red, thioflavin T, and the amyloid-specific antibody WO2). Amyloid structures were seen in biofilms of both L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae, the two Legionella species most associated with human infection. Inhibition of amyloid assembly by congo red and thioflavin T limited both self-aggregation and surface attachment of L. pneumophila, indicating that functional amyloid structures have a key role in initial biofilm formation by these pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Cassidy Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
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64
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Abstract
It has become apparent that the intestinal microbiota orchestrates important aspects of our metabolism, immunity, and development. Recent work has demonstrated that the microbiota also influences brain function in healthy and diseased individuals. Of great interest are reports that intestinal bacteria play a role in the pathogenic cascade of both Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. These neurodegenerative disorders both involve misfolding of endogenous proteins that spreads from one region of the body to another in a manner analogous to prions. The mechanisms of how the microbiota influences or is correlated with disease require elaboration. Microbial proteins or metabolites may influence neurodegeneration through the promotion of amyloid formation by human proteins or by enhancing inflammatory responses to endogenous neuronal amyloids. We review the current knowledge concerning bacterial amyloids and their potential to influence cerebral amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation. We propose the term “mapranosis” to describe the process of microbiota-associated proteopathy and neuroinflammation. The study of amyloid proteins made by the microbiota and their influence on health and disease is in its infancy. This is a promising area for therapeutic intervention because there are many ways to alter our microbial partners and their products, including amyloid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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66
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Jain N, Ådén J, Nagamatsu K, Evans ML, Li X, McMichael B, Ivanova MI, Almqvist F, Buxbaum JN, Chapman MR. Inhibition of curli assembly and Escherichia coli biofilm formation by the human systemic amyloid precursor transthyretin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12184-12189. [PMID: 29087319 PMCID: PMC5699053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708805114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During biofilm formation, Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae produce an extracellular matrix consisting of curli amyloid fibers and cellulose. The precursor of curli fibers is the amyloidogenic protein CsgA. The human systemic amyloid precursor protein transthyretin (TTR) is known to inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in vitro and suppress the Alzheimer's-like phenotypes in a transgenic mouse model of Aβ deposition. We hypothesized that TTR might have broad antiamyloid activity because the biophysical properties of amyloids are largely conserved across species and kingdoms. Here, we report that both human WT tetrameric TTR (WT-TTR) and its engineered nontetramer-forming monomer (M-TTR, F87M/L110M) inhibit CsgA amyloid formation in vitro, with M-TTR being the more efficient inhibitor. Preincubation of WT-TTR with small molecules that occupy the T4 binding site eliminated the inhibitory capacity of the tetramer; however, they did not significantly compromise the ability of M-TTR to inhibit CsgA amyloidogenesis. TTR also inhibited amyloid-dependent biofilm formation in two different bacterial species with no apparent bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. These discoveries suggest that TTR is an effective antibiofilm agent that could potentiate antibiotic efficacy in infections associated with significant biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kanna Nagamatsu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Margery L Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Brennan McMichael
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
- Program of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | | | - Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Matthew R Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048;
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Gkana EN, Giaouris ED, Doulgeraki AI, Kathariou S, Nychas GJE. Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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68
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Hufnagel DA, Evans ML, Greene SE, Pinkner JS, Hultgren SJ, Chapman MR. The Catabolite Repressor Protein-Cyclic AMP Complex Regulates csgD and Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:3329-3334. [PMID: 27698083 PMCID: PMC5116936 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00652-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protects Escherichia coli from immune cells, oxidative stress, predation, and other environmental stresses. Production of the E. coli extracellular matrix is regulated by transcription factors that are tuned to environmental conditions. The biofilm master regulator protein CsgD upregulates curli and cellulose, the two major polymers in the extracellular matrix of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) biofilms. We found that cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates curli, cellulose, and UPEC biofilms through csgD The alarmone cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase (CyaA), and deletion of cyaA resulted in reduced extracellular matrix production and biofilm formation. The catabolite repressor protein (CRP) positively regulated csgD transcription, leading to curli and cellulose production in the UPEC isolate, UTI89. Glucose, a known inhibitor of CyaA activity, blocked extracellular matrix formation when added to the growth medium. The mutant strains ΔcyaA and Δcrp did not produce rugose biofilms, pellicles, curli, cellulose, or CsgD. Three putative CRP binding sites were identified within the csgD-csgB intergenic region, and purified CRP could gel shift the csgD-csgB intergenic region. Additionally, we found that CRP binded upstream of kpsMT, which encodes machinery for K1 capsule production. Together our work shows that cAMP and CRP influence E. coli biofilms through transcriptional regulation of csgD IMPORTANCE The catabolite repressor protein (CRP)-cyclic AMP (cAMP) complex influences the transcription of ∼7% of genes on the Escherichia coli chromosome (D. Zheng, C. Constantinidou, J. L. Hobman, and S. D. Minchin, Nucleic Acids Res 32:5874-5893, 2004, https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh908). Glucose inhibits E. coli biofilm formation, and ΔcyaA and Δcrp mutants show impaired biofilm formation (D. W. Jackson, J.W. Simecka, and T. Romeo, J Bacteriol 184:3406-3410, 2002, https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.12.3406-3410.2002). We determined that the cAMP-CRP complex regulates curli and cellulose production and the formation of rugose and pellicle biofilms through csgD Additionally, we propose that cAMP may work as a signaling compound for uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to transition from the bladder lumen to inside epithelial cells for intracellular bacterial community formation through K1 capsule regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hufnagel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Margery L Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah E Greene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew R Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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69
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the world's best-characterized organisms, because it has been extensively studied for over a century. However, most of this work has focused on E. coli grown under laboratory conditions that do not faithfully simulate its natural environments. Therefore, the historical perspectives on E. coli physiology and life cycle are somewhat skewed toward experimental systems that feature E. coli growing logarithmically in a test tube. Typically a commensal bacterium, E. coli resides in the lower intestines of a slew of animals. Outside of the lower intestine, E. coli can adapt and survive in a very different set of environmental conditions. Biofilm formation allows E. coli to survive, and even thrive, in environments that do not support the growth of planktonic populations. E. coli can form biofilms virtually everywhere: in the bladder during a urinary tract infection, on in-dwelling medical devices, and outside of the host on plants and in the soil. The E. coli extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily composed of the protein polymer named curli and the polysaccharide cellulose, promotes adherence to organic and inorganic surfaces and resistance to desiccation, the host immune system, and other antimicrobials. The pathways that govern E. coli biofilm formation, cellulose production, and curli biogenesis will be discussed in this article, which concludes with insights into the future of E. coli biofilm research and potential therapies.
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Abstract
During the first step of biofilm formation, initial attachment is dictated by physicochemical and electrostatic interactions between the surface and the bacterial envelope. Depending on the nature of these interactions, attachment can be transient or permanent. To achieve irreversible attachment, bacterial cells have developed a series of surface adhesins promoting specific or nonspecific adhesion under various environmental conditions. This article reviews the recent advances in our understanding of the secretion, assembly, and regulation of the bacterial adhesins during biofilm formation, with a particular emphasis on the fimbrial, nonfimbrial, and discrete polysaccharide adhesins in Gram-negative bacteria.
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71
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Puga CH, Orgaz B, SanJose C. Listeria monocytogenes Impact on Mature or Old Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilms During Growth at 4 and 20°C. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:134. [PMID: 26913024 PMCID: PMC4753298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in spatial organization, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), viable cell content, biovolume, and substratum surface coverage of the biofilms formed on glass by Pseudomonas fluorescens resulting from co-culture with Listeria monocytogenes, were examined. Two strains of L. monocytogenes, two culture temperatures and two biofilm developmental stages were investigated. Both L. monocytogenes strains, a persistently sampled isolate (collected repeatedly along 3 years from a meat factory) and Scott A, induced shrinkage in matrix volume, both at 20°C and 4°C, in mature or old biofilms, without loss of P. fluorescens cell count per surface unit. The nearly homogeneous pattern of surface coverage shown by mono-species P. fluorescens biofilms, turned into more irregular layouts in co-culture with L. monocytogenes. The upper layer of both mono and dual-species biofilms turned to predominantly consist of matrix, with plenty of viable cells underneath, in old biofilms cultured at 20°C, but not in those grown at 4°C. Between 15 and 56% of the substratum area was covered by biofilm, the extent depending on temperature, time and L. monocytogenes strain. Real biofilms in food-related surfaces may thus be very heterogeneous regarding their superficial components, i.e., those more accessible to disinfectants. It is therefore a hygienic challenge to choose an adequate agent to disrupt them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
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Pallarès I, Iglesias V, Ventura S. The Rho Termination Factor of Clostridium botulinum Contains a Prion-Like Domain with a Highly Amyloidogenic Core. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1516. [PMID: 26779170 PMCID: PMC4703818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion-like proteins can switch between a soluble intrinsically disordered conformation and a highly ordered amyloid assembly. This conformational promiscuity is encoded in specific sequence regions, known as prion domains (PrDs). Prions are best known as the causative factors of neurological diseases in mammals. However, bioinformatics analyses reveal that proteins bearing PrDs are present in all kingdoms of life, including bacteria, thus supporting the idea that they serve conserved beneficial cellular functions. Despite the proportion of predicted prion-like proteins in bacterial proteomes is generally low, pathogenic species seem to have a higher prionic load, suggesting that these malleable proteins may favor pathogenic traits. In the present work, we performed a stringent computational analysis of the Clostridium botulinum pathogen proteome in the search for prion-like proteins. A total of 54 candidates were predicted for this anaerobic bacterium, including the transcription termination Rho factor. This RNA-binding protein has been shown to play a crucial role in bacterial adaptation to changing environments. We show here that the predicted disordered PrD domain of this RNA-binding protein contains an inner, highly polar, asparagine-rich short sequence able to spontaneously self-assemble into amyloid-like structures, bearing thus the potential to induce a Rho factor conformational switch that might rewire gene expression in response to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Iglesias
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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73
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Diguanylate Cyclases AdrA and STM1987 Regulate Salmonella enterica Exopolysaccharide Production during Plant Colonization in an Environment-Dependent Manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1237-1248. [PMID: 26655751 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03475-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that despite exposure to harsh environmental stresses, Salmonella enterica successfully persists on plants, utilizing fresh produce as a vector to animal hosts. Among the important S. enterica plant colonization factors are those involved in biofilm formation. S. enterica biofilm formation is controlled by the signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP and represents a sessile lifestyle on surfaces that protects the bacterium from environmental factors. Thus, the transition from a motile, planktonic lifestyle to a sessile lifestyle may represent a vital step in bacterial success. This study examined the mechanisms of S. enterica plant colonization, including the role of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes involved in cyclic di-GMP metabolism. We found that two biofilm components, cellulose and curli, are differentially required at distinct stages in root colonization and that the DGC STM1987 regulates cellulose production in this environment independent of AdrA, the DGC that controls the majority of in vitro cellulose production. In addition, we identified a new function for AdrA in the transcriptional regulation of colanic acid and demonstrated that adrA and colanic acid biosynthesis are associated with S. enterica desiccation tolerance on the leaf surface. Finally, two PDEs with known roles in motility, STM1344 and STM1697, had competitive defects in the phyllosphere, suggesting that regulation of motility is crucial for S. enterica survival in this niche. Our results indicate that specific conditions influence the contribution of individual DGCs and PDEs to bacterial success, perhaps reflective of differential responses to environmental stimuli.
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74
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Iglesias V, de Groot NS, Ventura S. Computational analysis of candidate prion-like proteins in bacteria and their role. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1123. [PMID: 26528269 PMCID: PMC4606120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion proteins were initially associated with diseases such as Creutzfeldt Jakob and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. However, deeper research revealed them as versatile tools, exploited by the cells to execute fascinating functions, acting as epigenetic elements or building membrane free compartments in eukaryotes. One of the most intriguing properties of prion proteins is their ability to propagate a conformational assembly, even across species. In this context, it has been observed that bacterial amyloids can trigger the formation of protein aggregates by interacting with host proteins. As our life is closely linked to bacteria, either through a parasitic or symbiotic relationship, prion-like proteins produced by bacterial cells might play a role in this association. Bioinformatics is helping us to understand the factors that determine conformational conversion and infectivity in prion-like proteins. We have used PrionScan to detect prion domains in 839 different bacteria proteomes, detecting 2200 putative prions in these organisms. We studied this set of proteins in order to try to understand their functional role and structural properties. Our results suggest that these bacterial polypeptides are associated to peripheral rearrangement, macromolecular assembly, cell adaptability, and invasion. Overall, these data could reveal new threats and therapeutic targets associated to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Iglesias
- Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia S de Groot
- Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Departament de Bioquìmica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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75
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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76
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Sanchez-Vizuete P, Orgaz B, Aymerich S, Le Coq D, Briandet R. Pathogens protection against the action of disinfectants in multispecies biofilms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:705. [PMID: 26236291 PMCID: PMC4500986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms constitute the prevalent way of life for microorganisms in both natural and man-made environments. Biofilm-dwelling cells display greater tolerance to antimicrobial agents than those that are free-living, and the mechanisms by which this occurs have been investigated extensively using single-strain axenic models. However, there is growing evidence that interspecies interactions may profoundly alter the response of the community to such toxic exposure. In this paper, we propose an overview of the studies dealing with multispecies biofilms resistance to biocides, with particular reference to the protection of pathogenic species by resident surface flora when subjected to disinfectants treatments. The mechanisms involved in such protection include interspecies signaling, interference between biocides molecules and public goods in the matrix, or the physiology and genetic plasticity associated with a structural spatial arrangement. After describing these different mechanisms, we will discuss the experimental methods available for their analysis in the context of complex multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchez-Vizuete
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Aymerich
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Dominique Le Coq
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- CNRS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Romain Briandet
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
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77
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA metabolism components assemble into supramolecular cellular structures to mediate functional compartmentalization within the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell. This cellular compartmentalization could play important roles in the processes of RNA degradation and maturation. These components include Hfq, the RNA chaperone protein, which is involved in the post-transcriptional control of protein synthesis mainly by the virtue of its interactions with several small regulatory ncRNAs (sRNA). The Escherichia coli Hfq is structurally organized into two domains. An N-terminal domain that folds as strongly bent β-sheets within individual protomers to assemble into a typical toroidal hexameric ring. A C-terminal flexible domain that encompasses approximately one-third of the protein seems intrinsically unstructured. RNA-binding function of Hfq mainly lies within its N-terminal core, whereas the function of the flexible domain remains controversial and largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Hfq-C-terminal region (CTR) has an intrinsic property to self-assemble into long amyloid-like fibrillar structures in vitro. We show that normal localization of Hfq within membrane-associated coiled structures in vivo requires this C-terminal domain. This finding establishes for the first time a function for the hitherto puzzling CTR, with a plausible central role in RNA transactions. We showed that Hfq C-terminal region (CTR) has an intrinsic property to self-assemble into amyloid-like fibrils. This region is required for cellular assembly of Hfq into membrane-associated coiled structures. The work establishes a new function for this naturally unstructured Hfq domain.
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78
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Evans ML, Chorell E, Taylor JD, Åden J, Götheson A, Li F, Koch M, Sefer L, Matthews SJ, Wittung-Stafshede P, Almqvist F, Chapman MR. The bacterial curli system possesses a potent and selective inhibitor of amyloid formation. Mol Cell 2015; 57:445-55. [PMID: 25620560 PMCID: PMC4320674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curli are extracellular functional amyloids that are assembled by enteric bacteria during biofilm formation and host colonization. An efficient secretion system and chaperone network ensures that the major curli fiber subunit, CsgA, does not form intracellular amyloid aggregates. We discovered that the periplasmic protein CsgC was a highly effective inhibitor of CsgA amyloid formation. In the absence of CsgC, CsgA formed toxic intracellular aggregates. In vitro, CsgC inhibited CsgA amyloid formation at substoichiometric concentrations and maintained CsgA in a non-β-sheet-rich conformation. Interestingly, CsgC inhibited amyloid assembly of human α-synuclein, but not Aβ42, in vitro. We identified a common D-Q-Φ-X0,1-G-K-N-ζ-E motif in CsgC client proteins that is not found in Aβ42. CsgC is therefore both an efficient and selective amyloid inhibitor. Dedicated functional amyloid inhibitors may be a key feature that distinguishes functional amyloids from disease-associated amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margery L Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan D Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jörgen Åden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Götheson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Marion Koch
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lea Sefer
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steve J Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew R Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA; Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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79
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Caro-Astorga J, Pérez-García A, de Vicente A, Romero D. A genomic region involved in the formation of adhesin fibers in Bacillus cereus biofilms. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:745. [PMID: 25628606 PMCID: PMC4292775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a bacterial pathogen that is responsible for many recurrent disease outbreaks due to food contamination. Spores and biofilms are considered the most important reservoirs of B. cereus in contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits. Biofilms are bacterial communities that are difficult to eradicate from biotic and abiotic surfaces because of their stable and extremely strong extracellular matrix. These extracellular matrixes contain exopolysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA, and other minor components. Although B. cereus can form biofilms, the bacterial features governing assembly of the protective extracellular matrix are not known. Using the well-studied bacterium B. subtilis as a model, we identified two genomic loci in B. cereus, which encodes two orthologs of the amyloid-like protein TasA of B. subtilis and a SipW signal peptidase. Deletion of this genomic region in B. cereus inhibited biofilm assembly; notably, mutation of the putative signal peptidase SipW caused the same phenotype. However, mutations in tasA or calY did not completely prevent biofilm formation; strains that were mutated for either of these genes formed phenotypically different surface attached biofilms. Electron microscopy studies revealed that TasA polymerizes to form long and abundant fibers on cell surfaces, whereas CalY does not aggregate similarly. Heterologous expression of this amyloid-like cassette in a B. subtilis strain lacking the factors required for the assembly of TasA amyloid-like fibers revealed (i) the involvement of this B. cereus genomic region in formation of the air-liquid interphase pellicles and (ii) the intrinsic ability of TasA to form fibers similar to the amyloid-like fibers produced by its B. subtilis ortholog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Caro-Astorga
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
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80
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O. Bastian F. Is Alzheimer's Disease Infectious?<br><i>Relative to the CJD Bacterial Infection Model of Neurodegeneration</i>. AIMS Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2015.4.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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81
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Armitano J, Méjean V, Jourlin-Castelli C. Gram-negative bacteria can also form pellicles. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 6:534-544. [PMID: 25756106 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the bacterial pellicle, a biofilm floating at the air-liquid interface. Pellicles have been well studied in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, but far less in Gram-negative bacteria, where pellicle studies have mostly focused on matrix components rather than on the regulatory cascades involved. Several Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogenic bacteria, have been shown to be able to form a pellicle under static conditions. Here, we summarize the growing body of knowledge about pellicle formation in Gram-negative bacteria, especially about the components of the pellicle matrix. We also propose that the pellicle is a specific biofilm, and that its formation involves particular processes. Since this lifestyle concerns a growing number of bacteria, its properties undoubtedly deserve further investigation.
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82
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Programmable biofilm-based materials from engineered curli nanofibres. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4945. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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83
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Žganec M, Žerovnik E. Amyloid fibrils compared to peptide nanotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2944-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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84
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Syed AK, Boles BR. Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:401. [PMID: 25136340 PMCID: PMC4118032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria produce cytolytic toxins that target host cells or other competing microbes. It is well known that environmental factors control toxin expression, however, recent work suggests that some bacteria manipulate the fold of these protein toxins to control their function. The β-sheet rich amyloid fold is a highly stable ordered aggregate that many toxins form in response to specific environmental conditions. When in the amyloid state, toxins become inert, losing the cytolytic activity they display in the soluble form. Emerging evidence suggest that some amyloids function as toxin storage systems until they are again needed, while other bacteria utilize amyloids as a structural matrix component of biofilms. This amyloid matrix component facilitates resistance to biofilm disruptive challenges. The bacterial amyloids discussed in this review reveal an elegant system where changes in protein fold and solubility dictate the function of proteins in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan K Syed
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blaise R Boles
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
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85
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Römling U, Kjelleberg S, Normark S, Nyman L, Uhlin BE, Åkerlund B. Microbial biofilm formation: a need to act. J Intern Med 2014; 276:98-110. [PMID: 24796496 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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86
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Evans ML, Chapman MR. Curli biogenesis: order out of disorder. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:1551-8. [PMID: 24080089 PMCID: PMC4243835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many bacteria assemble extracellular amyloid fibers on their cell surface. Secretion of proteins across membranes and the assembly of complex macromolecular structures must be highly coordinated to avoid the accumulation of potentially toxic intracellular protein aggregates. Extracellular amyloid fiber assembly poses an even greater threat to cellular health due to the highly aggregative nature of amyloids and the inherent toxicity of amyloid assembly intermediates. Therefore, temporal and spatial control of amyloid protein secretion is paramount. The biogenesis and assembly of the extracellular bacterial amyloid curli is an ideal system for studying how bacteria cope with the many challenges of controlled and ordered amyloid assembly. Here, we review the recent progress in the curli field that has made curli biogenesis one of the best-understood functional amyloid assembly pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein trafficking and secretion in bacteria. Guest Editors: Anastassios Economou and Ross Dalbey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margery L Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew R Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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87
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Bridier A, Sanchez-Vizuete P, Guilbaud M, Piard JC, Naïtali M, Briandet R. Biofilm-associated persistence of food-borne pathogens. Food Microbiol 2014; 45:167-78. [PMID: 25500382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial life abounds on surfaces in both natural and industrial environments, one of which is the food industry. A solid substrate, water and some nutrients are sufficient to allow the construction of a microbial fortress, a so-called biofilm. Survival strategies developed by these surface-associated ecosystems are beginning to be deciphered in the context of rudimentary laboratory biofilms. Gelatinous organic matrices consisting of complex mixtures of self-produced biopolymers ensure the cohesion of these biological structures and contribute to their resistance and persistence. Moreover, far from being just simple three-dimensional assemblies of identical cells, biofilms are composed of heterogeneous sub-populations with distinctive behaviours that contribute to their global ecological success. In the clinical field, biofilm-associated infections (BAI) are known to trigger chronic infections that require dedicated therapies. A similar belief emerging in the food industry, where biofilm tolerance to environmental stresses, including cleaning and disinfection/sanitation, can result in the persistence of bacterial pathogens and the recurrent cross-contamination of food products. The present review focuses on the principal mechanisms involved in the formation of biofilms of food-borne pathogens, where biofilm behaviour is driven by its three-dimensional heterogeneity and by species interactions within these biostructures, and we look at some emergent control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Sanchez-Vizuete
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - M Guilbaud
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - J-C Piard
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - M Naïtali
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France
| | - R Briandet
- Inra, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Massy, France.
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88
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The case for involvement of spiroplasma in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:104-14. [PMID: 24423635 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiroplasma biofilm formation explains the role of these wall-less bacteria in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Spiroplasma embedded in the biofilm polysaccharide matrix are markedly resistant to physical and chemical treatment, simulating the biologic properties of the TSE agent. Microcolonies of spiroplasma embedded in biofilm bound to clay are the likely mechanism of lateral transmission of scrapie in sheep and chronic wasting disease in deer via soil ingestion. Spiroplasma in biofilm bound to the stainless steel of surgical instruments may also cause iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Sessile spiroplasma in biofilm attach to the surface by curli-like fibrils, a functional amyloid that is important for spiroplasma entering cells. Curli fibers have been shown to interact with host proteins and initiate formation of a potentially toxic amyloid that multiplies by self-assembly. In TSE, this mechanism may explain how spiroplasma trigger the formation of prion amyloid. This possibility is supported by experiments that show spiroplasma produce α-synuclein in mammalian tissue cultures. The data linking spiroplasma to neurodegenerative diseases provide a rationale for developing diagnostic tests for TSE based on the presence of spiroplasma-specific proteins or nucleic acid. Research efforts should focus on this bacterium for development of therapeutic regimens for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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89
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hufnagel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Andersson EK, Bengtsson C, Evans ML, Chorell E, Sellstedt M, Lindgren AE, Hufnagel DA, Bhattacharya M, Tessier PM, Wittung-Stafshede P, Almqvist F, Chapman MR. Modulation of curli assembly and pellicle biofilm formation by chemical and protein chaperones. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2013; 20:1245-54. [PMID: 24035282 PMCID: PMC4243843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enteric bacteria assemble functional amyloid fibers, curli, on their surfaces that share structural and biochemical properties with disease-associated amyloids. Here, we test rationally designed 2-pyridone compounds for their ability to alter amyloid formation of the major curli subunit CsgA. We identified several compounds that discourage CsgA amyloid formation and several compounds that accelerate CsgA amyloid formation. The ability of inhibitor compounds to stop growing CsgA fibers was compared to the same property of the CsgA chaperone, CsgE. CsgE blocked CsgA amyloid assembly and arrested polymerization when added to actively polymerizing fibers. Additionally, CsgE and the 2-pyridone inhibitors prevented biofilm formation by Escherichia coli at the air-liquid interface of a static culture. We demonstrate that curli amyloid assembly and curli-dependent biofilm formation can be modulated not only by protein chaperones, but also by "chemical chaperones."
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Bengtsson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margery L. Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Erik Chorell
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sellstedt
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - David A. Hufnagel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Moumita Bhattacharya
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | | | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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91
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Gal N, Morag A, Kolusheva S, Winter R, Landau M, Jelinek R. Lipid Bilayers Significantly Modulate Cross-Fibrillation of Two Distinct Amyloidogenic Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13582-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Gal
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Ahiud Morag
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse
Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Roland Winter
- Technische Universität Dortmund Physikalische Chemie − Biophysikalische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department
of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
- Ilse
Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
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92
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Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex developmental process involving cellular differentiation and the formation of intricate 3D structures. Here we demonstrate that exposure to ferric chloride triggers rugose biofilm formation by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and by enteric bacteria Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Two unique and separable cellular populations emerge in iron-triggered, rugose biofilms. Bacteria at the air-biofilm interface express high levels of the biofilm regulator csgD, the cellulose activator adrA, and the curli subunit operon csgBAC. Bacteria in the interior of rugose biofilms express low levels of csgD and undetectable levels of matrix components curli and cellulose. Iron activation of rugose biofilms is linked to oxidative stress. Superoxide generation, either through addition of phenazine methosulfate or by deletion of sodA and sodB, stimulates rugose biofilm formation in the absence of high iron. Additionally, overexpression of Mn-superoxide dismutase, which can mitigate iron-derived reactive oxygen stress, decreases biofilm formation in a WT strain upon iron exposure. Not only does reactive oxygen stress promote rugose biofilm formation, but bacteria in the rugose biofilms display increased resistance to H(2)O(2) toxicity. Altogether, we demonstrate that iron and superoxide stress trigger rugose biofilm formation in UTI89. Rugose biofilm development involves the elaboration of two distinct bacterial populations and increased resistance to oxidative stress.
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93
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Schwartz K, Boles BR. Microbial amyloids--functions and interactions within the host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:93-9. [PMID: 23313395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibers is a common characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases. Amyloid formation was originally characterized in these systems and is traditionally viewed as a consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. An emerging field of study brings functional amyloids, like those produced by bacteria, into the scientific mainstream, and demonstrates a ubiquitous role for amyloids in living systems. This review aims to summarize what is known about the bacterial amyloids and their interactions within various host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Schwartz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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94
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Breydo L. Strain phenomenon in protein aggregation: Interplay between sequence and conformation. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2013; 1:e27130. [PMID: 28516026 PMCID: PMC5424784 DOI: 10.4161/idp.27130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of yeast and mammalian prions introduced the idea that the protein aggregates can exist in multiple stable conformations that can be propagated by seeding. These conformational states (aka strains) were shown to have distinct physical (secondary structure, stability) and biological (cytotoxicity, infectivity) properties. For mammalian prions they were also tied to differences in disease pathology and incubation time. It was later shown that this phenomenon is not limited to prion proteins, and distinct conformational states of amyloid fibrils and oligomers derived from a variety of proteins can be propagated both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in some cases these conformations were preserved even when propagated into a protein with a different sequence. There is now an increasing body of evidence that strain phenomenon is a generic feature of protein aggregation, and characteristic features of amyloid strains can be transmitted between unrelated sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA
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95
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DePas WH, Chapman MR. Microbial manipulation of the amyloid fold. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:592-606. [PMID: 23108148 PMCID: PMC3532741 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are encased in a protein, DNA, and polysaccharide matrix that protects the community, promotes interactions with the environment, and helps cells adhere together. The protein component of these matrices is often a remarkably stable, β-sheet-rich polymer called amyloid. Amyloids form ordered, self-templating fibers that are highly aggregative, making them a valuable biofilm component. Some eukaryotic proteins inappropriately adopt the amyloid fold, and these misfolded protein aggregates disrupt normal cellular proteostasis, which can cause significant cytotoxicity. Indeed, until recently amyloids were considered solely the result of protein misfolding. However, research over the past decade has revealed how various organisms have capitalized on the amyloid fold by developing sophisticated biogenesis pathways that coordinate gene expression, protein folding, and secretion so that amyloid-related toxicities are minimized. How microbes manipulate amyloids, by augmenting their advantageous properties and by reducing their undesirable properties, will be the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. DePas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620, USA
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan LSA, 830 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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