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CNOT2 promotes degradation of p62/SQSTM1 as a negative regulator in ATG5 dependent autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46034-46046. [PMID: 28537904 PMCID: PMC5542246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though CNOT2 is involved in regulation of adipogenic differentiation, apoptotic cell death and metastasis, the underlying autophagic mechanism of CNOT2 was unknown until now. Thus, in the present study, the critical role of CNOT2 in autophagy was elucidated in association with p62/SQSTM1 signaling. CNOT2 depletion induced p62/SQSTM1 accumulation and LC3B-II conversion, and also increased the number of puncta with impaired autophagic flux. In contrast, CNOT2 overexpression induced downregulation and ubiquitination of p62/SQSTM1 in HEK293 QBI. Furthermore, ubiquitination of p62/SQSTM1 was blocked by autophagy inhibition. Interestingly, CNOT2 was correlated with p62/SQSTM1 in HEK293 QBI cells and also was colocalized with p62/SQSTM1 in H1299 cells. Additionally, ATG5 was upregulated in CNOT2-depleted H1299 cells, while degradation of p62/SQSTM1 by CNOT2 was detected in ATG5+/+ MEF cells but not in ATG5−/− MEF cells. Of note, CNOT2 induced degradation of p62/SQSTM1 in HEK293 QBI cells co-transfected with Myc-ΔLIR/KIR or Myc-ΔUBA, but not with Myc-ΔPB1. Sub G1 population was increased in CNOT2-depleted H1299 cells by late autophagy inhibitors, ammonium chloride and chloroquine compared to 3-methyladenine. Overall, these findings provide novel insight into the critical role of CNOT2 as a negative regulator in ATG5 dependent autophagy.
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Li T, Zhao J, Miao S, Xu Y, Xiao X, Liu Y. Dynamic expression and roles of sequestome‑1/p62 in LPS‑induced acute kidney injury in mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7618-7626. [PMID: 29620262 PMCID: PMC5983950 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications of sepsis. The roles of autophagy in AKI have been demonstrated in previous studies. Sequestosome-1 (p62) has been demonstrated to serve essential roles in autophagy. The dysregulation of autophagy causes p62 accumulation, which is associated with increased inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the expression patterns and role of p62 in septic AKI remain unknown. The present study detected the renal autophagy level, and the expression and localization of p62, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI mouse model. The results demonstrated that autophagy was induced in the kidneys of LPS-treated mice. The mRNA and protein levels of p62 were decreased in whole renal tissue samples and increased in mice treated with LPS. Immunohistochemistry indicated that p62 protein was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of proximal tubules under normal conditions and was significantly decreased following LPS injection into the cortex. In addition, p62 protein was gradually redistributed to the outer and inner medullas following treatment with LPS. In vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of p62 significantly decreased the viability and increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis rate, of renal tubular epithelial cells. By contrast, interference with p62 expression using small interfering RNA increased the cell viability and decreased the LDH release and apoptosis rate. The results of the present study demonstrated that p62 may aggravate LPS-induced acute kidney injury in mice by promoting apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Masuelli L, Benvenuto M, Di Stefano E, Mattera R, Fantini M, De Feudis G, De Smaele E, Tresoldi I, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Bei R. Curcumin blocks autophagy and activates apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cell lines and increases the survival of mice intraperitoneally transplanted with a malignant mesothelioma cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34405-34422. [PMID: 28159921 PMCID: PMC5470978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a primary tumor arising from the serous membranes. The resistance of MM patients to conventional therapies, and the poor patients’ survival, encouraged the identification of molecular targets for MM treatment. Curcumin (CUR) is a “multifunctional drug”. We explored the in vitro effects of CUR on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, pro-survival signaling pathways, apoptosis, autophagy of human (MM-B1, H-Meso-1, MM-F1), and mouse (#40a) MM cells. In addition, we evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor activities of CUR in C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells forming ascites. CUR in vitro inhibited MM cells survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased reactive oxygen species’intracellular production and induced DNA damage. CUR triggered autophagic flux, but the process was then blocked and was coincident with caspase 8 activation which activates apoptosis. CUR-mediated apoptosis was supported by the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, increase of p53 expression, activation of caspase 9, cleavage of PARP-1, increase of the percentage of cells in the sub G1 phase which was reduced (MM-F1 and #40a) or abolished (MM-B1 and H-Meso-1) after MM cells incubation with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. CUR treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, inhibited that of p54 JNK and AKT, increased c-Jun expression and phosphorylation and prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation. Intraperitoneal administration of CUR increased the median survival of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells and reduced the risk of developing tumors. Our findings may have important implications for the design of MM treatment using CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Nàger M, Sallán MC, Visa A, Pushparaj C, Santacana M, Macià A, Yeramian A, Cantí C, Herreros J. Inhibition of WNT-CTNNB1 signaling upregulates SQSTM1 and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to autophagy blockers. Autophagy 2018; 14:619-636. [PMID: 29313411 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1423439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT-CTNN1B signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and stemness. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that macroautophagy/autophagy regulates WNT signaling. Here we investigated the impact of inhibiting WNT signaling on autophagy in glioblastoma (GBM), a devastating brain tumor. Inhibiting TCF, or silencing TCF4 or CTNNB1/β-catenin upregulated SQSTM1/p62 in GBM at transcriptional and protein levels and, in turn, autophagy. DKK1/Dickkopf1, a canonical WNT receptor antagonist, also induced autophagic flux. Importantly, TCF inhibition regulated autophagy through MTOR inhibition and dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. TCF inhibition or silencing additionally affected GBM cell proliferation and migration. Autophagy induction followed by its blockade can promote cancer cell death. In agreement with this notion, halting both TCF-CTNNB1 and autophagy pathways decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of GBM cells through a SQSTM1-dependent mechanism involving CASP8 (caspase 8). In vivo experiments further underline the therapeutic potential of such dual targeting in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Nàger
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Marta C Sallán
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Anna Visa
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Charumathi Pushparaj
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | | | - Anna Macià
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Andrée Yeramian
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
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56
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From autophagy to mitophagy: the roles of P62 in neurodegenerative diseases. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:413-422. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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57
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Lin SJ, Wu ZR, Cao L, Zhang Y, Leng ZG, Guo YH, Shang HB, Zhao WG, Zhang X, Wu ZB. Pituitary Tumor Suppression by Combination of Cabergoline and Chloroquine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3692-3703. [PMID: 28973192 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The dopamine agonist cabergoline (CAB) has been used widely in the treatment of prolactinomas and other types of pituitary adenomas, but its clinical use is hampered by intolerance in some patients with prolactinoma and lack of effectiveness in other pituitary tumor types. Chloroquine (CQ) is an old drug widely used to treat malaria. Recent studies, including our own, have revealed that CAB and CQ are involved in induction of autophagy and activation of autophagic cell death. OBJECTIVE To test whether CAB and CQ can function cooperatively to suppress growth of pituitary adenomas as well as other cancers. RESULTS In vitro studies using the rat pituitary tumor cell lines MMQ and GH3, human pituitary tumor cell primary cultures, and several human cancer cell lines showed that CQ enhanced suppression of cell proliferation by CAB. These results were confirmed in in vivo xenograft models in nude mice and estrogen-induced rat prolactinomas. To understand the mechanism of combined CAB and CQ action, we established a low-CAB-dose condition in which CAB was able to induce autophagy but failed to suppress cell growth. Addition of CQ to low-dose CAB blocked normal autophagic cycles and induced apoptosis, evidenced by the further accumulation of p62/caspase-8/LC3-II. CONCLUSION The data suggest that combined use of CAB and CQ may increase clinical effectiveness in treatment of human pituitary adenomas, as well as other cancers, making it an attractive option in tumor and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ze Rui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhi Gen Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yu Hang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Han Bing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Guo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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58
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Tollefsen KE, Song Y, Høgåsen T, Øverjordet IB, Altin D, Hansen BH. Mortality and transcriptional effects of inorganic mercury in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:845-861. [PMID: 28841366 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury (Hg) is highly toxic to organisms including crustaceans and displays multiple toxic modes of action (MoA). The main aim of this investigation was to assess the acute and sublethal toxicity mediated by mercury chloride (HgCl2) in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. A combination of short-term static studies to determine acute toxicity and a transcriptional investigation to characterize the sublethal MoA of HgCl2 were conducted with an in-house continuous culture of C. finmarchicus. Transcriptional changes were determined by a custom 6.6 k C. finmarchicus Agilent oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Data demonstrate that HgCl2 produced a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in survival (NOEC48 h = 6.9 μg/L [Hg2+] and LC50 of 279, 73, 48, and 34 µg/L [Hg2+] after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively) and that exposure to sublethal concentrations of HgCl2 (5 μg/L [Hg2+]) induced differential expression of 98 features (probes) on the microarray. Gene ontology (GO) and toxicological pathway analyses suggested that the main MOA were (1) uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production, (2) oxidative stress and macromolecular damage, (3) inactivation of cellular enzymes, (4) induction of cellular apoptosis and autophagocytosis, (5) over-excitation of glutamate receptors (neurotoxicity), (6) disruption of calcium homeostasis and signaling, and (7) modulation of nuclear receptor activity involved in vitamin D receptor signaling. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified that oligoarray performed reliably in terms of specificity and response, thus demonstrating that Hg2+ exerts multiple potential MoA in C. finmarchicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Erik Tollefsen
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- b Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Ås , Norway
- c Centre for Environmental Radioactivity , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Ås , Norway
| | - You Song
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- c Centre for Environmental Radioactivity , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Ås , Norway
| | - Tore Høgåsen
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ida Beathe Øverjordet
- d Department of Biology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
- e SINTEF Ocean AS, Environmental Technology , Trondheim , Norway
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59
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Tang Z, Takahashi Y, Chen C, Liu Y, He H, Tsotakos N, Serfass JM, Gebru MT, Chen H, Young MM, Wang HG. Atg2A/B deficiency switches cytoprotective autophagy to non-canonical caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2127-2138. [PMID: 28800131 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosomal membranes are emerging as platforms for various cell survival and death signaling networks beyond autophagy. While autophagy-dependent cell death has been reported in response to a variety of stimuli, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain far from clear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of autophagosome completion by Atg2A/B deletion accumulates immature autophagosomal membranes that promote non-canonical caspase-8 activation in response to nutrient starvation via an intracellular death-inducing signaling complex (iDISC). Importantly, iDISC-induced caspase-8 dimerization and activation occurs on accumulated autophagosomal membranes and requires the LC3 conjugation machinery but is independent from the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, we have identified NF-κB signaling and c-FLIP as negative regulators of iDISC-mediated caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings reveal autophagosomal membrane completion as a novel target to switch cytoprotective autophagy to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tsotakos
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Serfass
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Melat T Gebru
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- The Microscopy Imaging Facility, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Megan M Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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60
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Yan XY, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Zhang LC, Liu YN, Wu Y, Xue YN, Lu SY, Su J, Sun LK. p62/SQSTM1 as an oncotarget mediates cisplatin resistance through activating RIP1-NF-κB pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1405-1413. [PMID: 28498503 PMCID: PMC5497928 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum‐based therapeutic strategies have been widely used in ovarian cancer treatment. However, drug resistance has greatly limited therapeutic efficacy. Recently, tolerance to cisplatin has been attributed to other factors unrelated to DNA. p62 (also known as SQSTM1) functions as a multifunctional hub participating in tumorigenesis and may be a therapeutic target. Our previous study showed that p62 was overexpressed in drug‐resistant ovarian epithelial carcinoma and its inhibition increased the sensitivity to cisplatin. In this study, we demonstrate that the activity of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and K63‐linked ubiquitination of RIP1 was higher in cisplatin‐resistant ovarian (SKOV3/DDP) cells compared with parental cells. In addition, cisplatin resistance could be reversed by inhibiting the expression of p62 using siRNA. Furthermore, deletion of the ZZ domain of p62 that interacts with RIP1 in SKOV3 cells markedly decreased K63‐linked ubiquitination of RIP1 and inhibited the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Moreover, loss of the ZZ domain from p62 led to poor proliferative capacity and high levels of apoptosis in SKOV3 cells and made them more sensitive to cisplatin treatment. Collectively, we provide evidence that p62 is implicated in the activation of NF‐κB signaling that is partly dependent on RIP1. p62 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis thus mediating drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lian-Kun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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61
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Tsapras P, Nezis IP. Caspase involvement in autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1369-1379. [PMID: 28574508 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases widely known as the principal mediators of the apoptotic cell death response, but considerably less so as the contributors to the regulation of pathways outside cellular demise. In regards to autophagy, the modulatory roles of caspases have only recently begun to be adequately described. In contrast to apoptosis, autophagy promotes cell survival by providing energy and nutrients through the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic constituents. Under basal conditions autophagy and apoptosis cross-regulate each other through an elaborate network of interconnections which also includes the interplay between autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) and caspases. In this review we focus on the effects of this crosstalk at the cellular level, as we aim to concentrate the main observations from research conducted so far on the fine-tuning of autophagy by caspases. Several members of this protease-family have been found to directly interact with key ATGs involved in different tiers across the autophagic cascade. Therefore, we firstly outline the core mechanism of macroautophagy in brief. In an effort to emphasize the importance of the intricate cross-regulation of ATGs and caspases, we also present examples of autophagy's contribution to apoptotic cell death during development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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62
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Ling L, Yang X, Zhang N, Wang X, Hu M, Xia Y, Ma Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Liu H. w09, a novel autophagy enhancer, induces autophagy-dependent cell apoptosis via activation of the EGFR-mediated RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 pathway. Autophagy 2017; 13:1093-1112. [PMID: 28513279 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1319039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in many malignancies. Therefore, targeting the EGFR pathway is regarded as a promising strategy for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we identified a 2-amino-nicotinonitrile compound (w09) as a novel autophagy enhancer, which potently induced macroautophagy/autophagy and consequent apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that EGFR-mediated activation of the RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 signaling pathway played a critical role in w09-induced autophagy and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the MAPK1/3 pathway with U0126 or blockade of autophagy by specific chemical inhibitors markedly attenuated the effect of w09-mediated growth inhibition and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, these conclusions were supported by knockdown of ATG5 or knockout of ATG5 and/or ATG7. Notably, w09 increased the expression of SQSTM1 by transcription, and knockout of SQSTM1 or deleting the LC3-interaction region domain of SQSTM1, significantly inhibited w09-induced PARP1 cleavage, suggesting the central role played by SQSTM1 in w09-induced apoptosis. In addition, in vivo administration of w09 effectively inhibited tumor growth of SGC-7901 xenografts. Hence, our findings not only suggested that activation of the EGFR-RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 signaling pathway may play a critical role in w09-induced autophagy and apoptosis, but also imply that induction of autophagic cancer cell death through activation of the EGFR pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for EGFR-disregulated gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghu Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zuguo Zheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Ling
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- b Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization & Key Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA & Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material , Nanjing , China
| | - Ni Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xue Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | | | - Yu Xia
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Haoran Yang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yunyi Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation & National Nanjing Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- d Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology , Kunming National High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union of Medical School , Kunming , China
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63
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Nguyen EV, Huhtinen K, Goo YA, Kaipio K, Andersson N, Rantanen V, Hynninen J, Lahesmaa R, Carpen O, Goodlett DR. Hyper-phosphorylation of Sequestosome-1 Distinguishes Resistance to Cisplatin in Patient Derived High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1377-1392. [PMID: 28455291 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistance is a major limitation to effective chemotherapy regimens in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). To better understand the mechanisms involved we characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin sensitive and resistant HGSOC primary cells using a mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategy. PCA analysis identified a distinctive phosphoproteomic signature between cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines. The most phosphorylated protein in cisplatin resistant cells was sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1). Changes in expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins Caspase-3 and SQSTM1, respectively, were validated by Western blot analysis. A significant increase in apoptosis in the presence of cisplatin was observed in only the sensitive cell line while SQSTM1 revealed increased expression in the resistant cell line relative to sensitive cell line. Furthermore, site-specific phosphorylation on 20 amino acid residues of SQSTM1 was detected indicating a hyper-phosphorylation phenotype. This elevated hyper-phosphorylation of SQSTM1 in resistant HGSOC cell lines was validated with Western blot analysis. Immunofluoresence staining of s28-pSQSTM1 showed inducible localization to autophagosomes upon cisplatin treatment in the sensitive cell line while being constitutively expressed to autophagosomes in the resistant cell. Furthermore, SQSTM1 expression was localized in cancer cells of clinical high-grade serous tumors. Here, we propose hyper-phosphorylation of SQSTM1 as a marker and a key proteomic change in cisplatin resistance development in ovarian cancers by activating the autophagy pathway and influencing down-regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Nguyen
- From the ‡Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland.,§Department of Pathology, Medicity Research Unit, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- §Department of Pathology, Medicity Research Unit, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland.,§Department of Pathology, Medicity Research Unit, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Young Ah Goo
- ¶Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Room N707, Maryland 21201
| | - Katja Kaipio
- §Department of Pathology, Medicity Research Unit, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- ‖Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Rantanen
- **Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Medicum and Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- ‡‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- From the ‡Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- §Department of Pathology, Medicity Research Unit, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland.,‖Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David R Goodlett
- From the ‡Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland; .,¶Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Room N707, Maryland 21201
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Gao K, Deng XY, Shang MK, Qin GX, Hou CX, Guo XJ. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of midgut in silkworm infected with Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Proteomics 2017; 152:300-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Saleem S, Biswas SC. Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Amyloid-β-induced Neuronal Death. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2571-2585. [PMID: 28011637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuron death is considered central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among several death modalities, autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in Aβ-induced neuron death suggesting that there may be regulatory mechanisms that initiate both cell death pathways. However, molecules that govern both pathways have not been identified. Here, we report that, upon Aβ treatment, tribbles pseudokinase 3 (Trib3, an ortholog of Drosophila Tribbles) is up-regulated in neurons both in vivo and in vitro Increased Trib3 levels inhibited the activity of the kinase Akt by interacting with it. As a result, forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a transcription factor that is negatively regulated by Akt, was activated, translocated to the nucleus, and induced the pro-apoptotic gene BCL2-like 11 (Bim). Conversely, FoxO1 responded to Aβ insult by binding to the Trib3 gene promoter, enhancing its expression. Our investigations further revealed that Trib3 also induces autophagy. We found that Trib3 indirectly activates unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase1 (Ulk1) by impeding phosphorylation of, and thus inactivating, a negative regulator of Ulk1, mechanistic target of rapamycin. Ulk1 activation augmented autophagosome formation and reduced autophagy flux. Thus, Trib3 was required for formation of autophagosomes, which accumulated in neurons as autophagic flux was thwarted. Most importantly, silencing endogenous Trib3 strongly protected neurons from Aβ insult. Our results suggest that a self-amplifying feed-forward loop among Trib3, Akt, and FoxO1 in Aβ-treated neurons induces both apoptosis and autophagy, culminating in neuron death. Thus, Trib3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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66
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Hambright HG, Ghosh R. Autophagy: In the cROSshairs of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 126:13-22. [PMID: 27789215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two prominent features of tumors that contribute to oncogenic survival signaling are redox disruption, or oxidative stress phenotype, and high autophagy signaling, making both phenomena ideal therapeutic targets. However, the relationship between redox disruption and autophagy signaling is not well characterized and the clinical impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating chemotherapeutics on autophagy merits immediate attention as autophagy largely contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance. In this commentary we focus on melanoma, using it as an example to provide clarity to current literature regarding the roles of autophagy and redox signaling which can be applicable to initiation and maintenance of most tumor types. Further, we address the crosstalk between ROS and autophagy signaling during pharmacological intervention and cell fate decisions. We attempt to elucidate the role of autophagy in regulating cell fate following treatment with ROS-generating agents in preclinical and clinical settings and discuss the emerging role of autophagy in cell fate decisions and as a cell death mechanism. We also address technical aspects of redox and autophagy evaluation in experimental design and data interpretation. Lastly, we present a provocative view of the clinical relevance, emerging challenges in dual targeting of redox and autophagy pathways for therapy, and the future directions to be addressed in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Graham Hambright
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, South Texas Research Facility Campus, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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p53-regulated autophagy is controlled by glycolysis and determines cell fate. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23135-56. [PMID: 26337205 PMCID: PMC4695109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 regulates downstream targets that determine cell fate. Canonical p53 functions include inducing apoptosis, growth arrest, and senescence. Non-canonical p53 functions include its ability to promote or inhibit autophagy and its ability to regulate metabolism. The extent to which autophagy and/or metabolic regulation determines cell fate by p53 is unclear. To address this, we compared cells resistant or sensitive to apoptosis by the p53 activator Nutlin-3a. In resistant cells, glycolysis was maintained upon Nutlin-3a treatment, and activated p53 promoted prosurvival autophagy. In contrast, in apoptosis sensitive cells activated p53 increased superoxide levels and inhibited glycolysis through repression of glycolytic pathway genes. Glycolysis inhibition and increased superoxide inhibited autophagy by repressing ATG genes essential for autophagic vesicle maturation. Inhibiting glycolysis increased superoxide and blocked autophagy in apoptosis-resistant cells, causing p62-dependent caspase-8 activation. Finally, treatment with 2-DG or the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 sensitized resistant cells to Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings reveal novel links between glycolysis and autophagy that determine apoptosis-sensitivity in response to p53. Specifically, the findings indicate 1) that glycolysis plays an essential role in autophagy by limiting superoxide levels and maintaining expression of ATG genes required for autophagic vesicle maturation, 2) that p53 can promote or inhibit autophagy depending on the status of glycolysis, and 3) that inhibiting protective autophagy can expand the breadth of cells susceptible to Nutlin-3a induced apoptosis.
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68
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Zhou S, Zhang R, Bi T, Lu Y, Jiang L. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LYCOPENE AGAINST THE GROWTH OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:184-190. [PMID: 28852735 PMCID: PMC5566143 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Lycopene on HGC-27 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HGC-27 cells were treated with varying concentration lycopene for 24, 48, 72 h. The cell growth inhibition was analyzed by MTT. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) and phosphorylation-ERK (p-ERK). RESULTS Lycopene displayed antiproliferative activity in HGC-27 cell lines. Western blotting showed that Lycopene significantly enhanced LC3-I, p-ERK proteins expression. In gastric cancer nude mice model, lycopene treatment significantly decreased tumour weight. These findings indicated that lycopene treatment induces the anti-proliferation of HGC-27 cells. CONCLUSION Lycopene treatment inhibited HGC-27 cells growth by activating ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShenKang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - RuiLi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - TieNan Bi
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - LiangXian Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
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69
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Enhanced p62 Is Responsible for Mitochondrial Pathway-Dependent Apoptosis and Interleukin-1β Production at the Early Phase by Monosodium Urate Crystals in Murine Macrophage. Inflammation 2016; 39:1603-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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An Y, Liu W, Xue P, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Jin Y. Increased autophagy is required to protect periodontal ligament stem cells from apoptosis in inflammatory microenvironment. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:618-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Center for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Center for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Center for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Center for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Qintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Center for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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71
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Yu Y, Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Zou Y, Yang Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun Z. Autophagy and autophagy dysfunction contribute to apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to nanosilica. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:871-882. [PMID: 30090396 PMCID: PMC6062368 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Great concerns have led to the evaluation of the potential hazards of nanosilica to human health and the environment. However, there still exists persistent debates on the biological effects and toxic consequences induced by nanosilica. The present study investigated both autophagy and apoptosis in ICR mice and Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), and then explored the interactive mechanism between these two distinct cell death modalities in HepG2 cells. Mice liver injuries seen by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated the hepatotoxic effects of nanosilica. The TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that nanosilica could induce both apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated apoptosis induction in vitro, while autophagic ultrastructures, LC3-II expression and immunofluorescence clarified autophagy activation by nanosilica. Apoptosis suppression by the autophagy inhibitor of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) implied that autophagy was involved in apoptotic cell death. A mechanistic study verified that nanosilica induced autophagy via negative regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling but not the Beclin-1 associated pathway. The enhancement of p62 accumulation and mTOR down-regulation might account for the molecular mechanism in contribution of autophagy to apoptosis. As an emerging new mechanism of nanomaterial toxicity, autophagy might be a more susceptive indicator for toxicological consequence evaluation in nanoparticle toxicity. The present study provides novel evidence to elucidate the toxicity mechanisms and may be beneficial to more rational applications of nanosilica in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing Pediatric Research Institute , Beijing Children's Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P.R. China
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yumei Yang
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Jiang
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Li
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
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Time-Dependent Changes in Apoptosis Upon Autophagy Inhibition in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:223-234. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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73
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Yeh LY, Liu CJ, Wong YK, Chang C, Lin SC, Chang KW. miR-372 inhibits p62 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6062-75. [PMID: 25714028 PMCID: PMC4467422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that exogenous miR-372 expression and knockdown of p62 (sequestosome1 or SQSTM1), both increased migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. p62 induced phase II detoxification enzyme NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which decreased ROS levels and cell migration. Also, miR-372 decreased p62 during hypoxia, thus increasing cell migration. Levels of miR-372 and p62 inversely correlated in human HNSCC tissues. Plasma levels of miR-372 was associated with advanced tumor stage and patient mortality. Both plasma and salivary miR-372 levels were decreased after tumor resection. We conclude that miR-372 decreases p62, thus increasing ROS and motility in HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Yeh
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kie Wong
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christine Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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74
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Zhang W, Shi H, Zhang M, Liu B, Mao S, Li L, Tong F, Liu G, Yang S, Wang H. Poly C binding protein 1 represses autophagy through downregulation of LC3B to promote tumor cell apoptosis in starvation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 73:127-136. [PMID: 26880484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that poly C binding protein (PCBP1) is downregulated in various carcinomas as a tumor suppressor, but the underlying mechanism in suppression of tumorigenesis still remains elusive. Here, we found that PCBP1 overexpression attenuates tumor cell growth upon serum-free starvation. Notably, the autophagic degradation inhibitor, chloroquine, could mimic this suppressive effect in tumor cell growth. Autophagy analyses demonstrated that PCBP1 overexpression blocked autophagic flux of tumor cells under starvation conditions, while PCBP1 downregulation in turn refueled this autophagic flux, protecting cells from death. Mechanistically, PCBP1 overexpression attenuated microtubule-associated protein Light chain 3 (LC3B) mRNA stability to repress LC3B expression, resulting in the autophagy inhibition. Consequently, PCBP1 overexpression strongly triggered the caspase 3 and 8-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells and downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression upon starvation, which could be further synergized by autophagic inhibitor, indicating that PCBP1 not only inhibits tumor cell autophagy, but also renders them to apoptosis. Taken together, our results uncovered a novel mechanism of PCBP1 in repressing autophagy-mediated cell survival and indicated that inhibition of tumor cell autophagy by PCBP1 upregulation or with autophagic inhibitors could be an effective therapeutical strategy to colon and ovary tumors with low PCBP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China; Translational Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinxian People's Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, CPZN 331700, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CPZN 510080, People's Republic of China.
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75
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Chowdhari S, Saini N. Gene expression profiling reveals the role of RIG1 like receptor signaling in p53 dependent apoptosis induced by PUVA in keratinocytes. Cell Signal 2016; 28:25-33. [PMID: 26518362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photochemotherapy using 8-methoxypsoralen in combination with UVA radiation (PUVA) is an effective treatment for various skin dermatosis including psoriasis however its molecular mechanism is not clear. Previously we demonstrated that PUVA differentially regulates miRNA expression profile with a significant up-regulation of hsa-miR-4516. To study in detail the molecular mechanism of PUVA in keratinocytes, we investigated the genome wide transcriptomic changes using Illumina whole genome gene expression beadchip. Microarray analysis revealed 1932 differentially expressed gene and their Insilico analysis revealed Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-1) signaling, apoptosis and p53 pathway to be associated with PUVA induced effects. We demonstrate that miR-4516 mediated down-regulation of UBE2N promotes p53 nuclear translocation and pro-apoptotic activity of PUVA is independent of IRF3 but is mediated by the RIG-I in a p53 and NFκB dependent manner. Additionally, PUVA inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in concert with inhibition of autophagy and suppressed cell migration. Taken together this study broadens our understanding about the mechanism of action of PUVA providing possible new strategy targeting proapoptotic function of RIG-1, a regulator of innate immune response or p53 for psoriasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chowdhari
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi -110007, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi -110007, India.
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76
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DED or alive: assembly and regulation of the death effector domain complexes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1866. [PMID: 26313917 PMCID: PMC4558505 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domains (DEDs) are protein–protein interaction domains initially identified in proteins such as FADD, FLIP and caspase-8 involved in regulating apoptosis. Subsequently, these proteins have been shown to have important roles in regulating other forms of cell death, including necroptosis, and in regulating other important cellular processes, including autophagy and inflammation. Moreover, these proteins also have prominent roles in innate and adaptive immunity and during embryonic development. In this article, we review the various roles of DED-containing proteins and discuss recent developments in our understanding of DED complex formation and regulation. We also briefly discuss opportunities to therapeutically target DED complex formation in diseases such as cancer.
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Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular processes with complex and intersecting protein networks; as such, they have been the subjects of intense investigation. Recent advances have elucidated the key players and their molecular circuitry. For instance, the discovery of Beclin-1's interacting partners has resulted in the identification of Bcl-2 as a central regulator of autophagy and apoptosis, which functions by interacting with both Beclin-1 and Bax/Bak respectively. When localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, Bcl-2 inhibits autophagy. Cellular stress causes the displacement of Bcl-2 from Beclin-1 and Bax, thereby triggering autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. The induction of autophagy or apoptosis results in disruption of complexes by BH3-only proteins and through post-translational modification. The mechanisms linking autophagy and apoptosis are not fully defined; however, recent discoveries have revealed that several apoptotic proteins (e.g., PUMA, Noxa, Nix, Bax, XIAP, and Bim) modulate autophagy. Moreover, autophagic proteins that control nucleation and elongation regulate intrinsic apoptosis through calpain- and caspase-mediated cleavage of autophagy-related proteins, which switches the cellular program from autophagy to apoptosis. Similarly, several autophagic proteins are implicated in extrinsic apoptosis. This highlights a dual cellular role for autophagy. On one hand, autophagy degrades damaged mitochondria and caspases, and on the other hand, it provides a membrane-based intracellular platform for caspase processing in the regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the crucial factors governing the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis and describe the mechanisms controlling cell survival and cell death.
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Xiao Y, Jiang Z, Li Y, Ye W, Jia B, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wu D, Lai L, Chen Y, Chang Y, Huang X, Liu H, Qing G, Liu P, Li Y, Xu B, Zhong M, Yao Y, Pei D, Li P. ANGPTL7 regulates the expansion and repopulation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Haematologica 2015; 100:585-94. [PMID: 25637050 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful expansion of hematopoietic stem cells would benefit the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the clinic. Several angiopoietin-like proteins, including angiopoietin-like 7, can support the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. However, effects of ANGPTL7 on human hematopoietic stem cells and the downstream signaling cascade activated by ANGPTL7 are poorly understood. Here, we established a human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-supportive mouse fetal liver cell line that specifically expressed the Angptl7 protein. Furthermore, we found ANGPTL7 is capable of stimulating human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion and increasing the repopulation activities of human hematopoietic progenitors in xenografts. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that ANGPTL7 activated the expression of CXCR4, HOXB4 and Wnt downstream targets in human hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, chemical manipulation of Wnt signaling diminished the effects of ANGPTL7 on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in culture. In summary, we identify the secreted growth factor ANGPTL7 as a regulator of both human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Unviersity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Unviersity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Drug Discovery Pipeline, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Halder P, Datta C, Kumar R, Sharma AK, Basu J, Kundu M. The secreted antigen, HP0175, of Helicobacter pylori links the unfolded protein response (UPR) to autophagy in gastric epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:714-29. [PMID: 25439545 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that is required to maintain cellular homeostasis. Pathogen-elicited host cell autophagy may favour containment of infection or may help in bacterial survival. Pathogens have developed the ability to modulate host autophagy. The secreted antigen HP0175, a peptidyl prolyl cis,trans isomerase of Helicobacter pylori, has moonlighting functions with reference to host cells. Here we show that it executes autophagy in gastric epithelial cells. Autophagy is dependent on the unfolded protein response (UPR) that activates the expression of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK). This is accompanied by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF-2α) and transcriptional activation of ATF4 and CHOP. Knockdown of UPR-related genes inhibits the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, a marker of autophagy. The autophagy-inducing ability of H. pylori is compromised when cells are infected with an isogenic hp0175 mutant. Autophagy precedes apoptosis. Silencing of BECLIN1 augments cleavage of caspase 3 as well as apoptosis. Increased apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells is known to be linked to H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration of how HP0175 endowed with moonlighting functions links UPR-dependent autophagy and apoptosis during H. pylori infection.
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Okamoto K, Zaanan A, Kawakami H, Huang S, Sinicrope FA. Reversal of Mutant KRAS-Mediated Apoptosis Resistance by Concurrent Noxa/Bik Induction and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Antagonism in Colon Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:659-69. [PMID: 25548100 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED KRAS mutations are frequently detected in human colorectal cancer and contribute to de novo apoptosis resistance and ultimately therapeutic failure. To overcome KRAS-mediated apoptosis resistance, the irreversible proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, was evaluated and found to potently induce Noxa, which was dependent upon c-Myc, and Bik. Isogenic mutant versus wild-type KRAS carcinoma cells showed elevated Bcl-xL, confirmed by KRAS siRNA or ectopic expression. Upregulated Bcl-xL by mutant KRAS was mediated by ERK as indicated by ERK knockdown. Bcl-xL expression was regulated at the level of mRNA and protein as shown using actinomycin D and cyclohexamide, respectively. Suppression of Bcl-xL by shRNA sensitized mutant KRAS cells to carfilzomib. Concurrent Bcl-xL antagonism by the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 combined with carfilzomib synergistically enhanced apoptosis that was dependent on Bax or p53, and was attenuated by Noxa or Bik shRNA. In support of this strategy, ectopically expressed Noxa enhanced apoptosis by ABT-263. Carfilzomib-induced Noxa and Bik sequestered Mcl-1 and ABT-263 released Bik and Bak from Bcl-xL, suggesting a mechanism for drug synergy. These preclinical findings establish mutant KRAS-mediated Bcl-xL upregulation as a key mechanism of apoptosis resistance in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Furthermore, antagonizing Bcl-xL enabled carfilzomib-induced Noxa and Bik to induce synergistic apoptosis that reversed KRAS-mediated resistance. IMPLICATIONS This novel study reveals a promising treatment strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer by concurrent upregulation of Noxa/Bik and antagonism of Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aziz Zaanan
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota.
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81
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Mechanism of 2′,3′-dimethoxyflavanone-induced apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells: Role of ubiquitination of caspase-8 and LC3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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82
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The Molecular Mechanisms Between Autophagy and Apoptosis: Potential Role in Central Nervous System Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:85-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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83
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Wu H, Che X, Zheng Q, Wu A, Pan K, Shao A, Wu Q, Zhang J, Hong Y. Caspases: a molecular switch node in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1072-83. [PMID: 25285039 PMCID: PMC4183927 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two important catabolic processes contributing to the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. Autophagy controls the turnover of protein aggregates and damaged organelles within cells, while apoptosis is the principal mechanism by which unwanted cells are dismantled and eliminated from organisms. Despite marked differences between these two pathways, they are highly interconnected in determining the fate of cells. Intriguingly, caspases, the primary drivers of apoptotic cell death, play a critical role in mediating the complex crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic signals can converge to activate caspases to execute apoptotic cell death. In addition, activated caspases can degrade autophagy proteins (i.e., Beclin-1, Atg5, and Atg7) to shut down the autophagic response. Moreover, caspases can convert pro-autophagic proteins into pro-apoptotic proteints to trigger apoptotic cell death instead. It is clear that caspases are important in both apoptosis and autophagy, thus a detailed deciphering of the role of caspases in these two processes is still required to clarify the functional relationship between them. In this article, we provide a current overview of caspases in its interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. We emphasized that defining the role of caspases in autophagy-apoptosis crosstalk will provide a framework for more precise manipulation of these two processes during cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Wu
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoru Che
- 2. Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Zheng
- 3. Clinical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Wu
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Pan
- 4. Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anwen Shao
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wu
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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84
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Prasad S, Kim JH, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. Targeting death receptors for TRAIL by agents designed by Mother Nature. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:520-36. [PMID: 25128958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective killing of cancer cells is one of the major goals of cancer therapy. Although chemotherapeutic agents are being used for cancer treatment, they lack selectivity toward tumor cells. Among the six different death receptors (DRs) identified to date, DR4 and DR5 are selectively expressed on cancer cells. Therefore, unlike chemotherapeutic agents, these receptors can potentially mediate selective killing of tumor cells. In this review we outline various nutraceuticals derived from 'Mother Nature' that can upregulate DRs and thus potentiate apoptosis. These nutraceuticals increase tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis of cancer cells through different mechanisms. First, nutraceuticals have been found to induce DRs through the upregulation of various signaling molecules. Second, nutraceuticals can downregulate tumor cell-survival pathways. Third, nutraceuticals alone have been found to activate cell-death pathways. Although both TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against DR4 and DR5 are in clinical trials, combination with nutraceuticals is likely to boost their anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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85
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Beclin 1 and UVRAG confer protection from radiation-induced DNA damage and maintain centrosome stability in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100819. [PMID: 24956373 PMCID: PMC4067383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 interacts with UV-irradiation-resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) to form core complexes that induce autophagy. While cells with defective autophagy are prone to genomic instability that contributes to tumorigenesis, it is unknown whether Beclin1 or UVRAG can regulate the DNA damage/repair response to cancer treatment in established tumor cells. We found that siRNA knockdown of Beclin 1 or UVRAG can increase radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), shown by pATM and γH2Ax, and promote colorectal cancer cell death. Furthermore, knockdown of Beclin 1, UVRAG or ATG5 increased the percentage of irradiated cells with nuclear foci expressing 53BP1, a marker of nonhomologous end joining but not RAD51 (homologous recombination), compared to control siRNA. Beclin 1 siRNA was shown to attenuate UVRAG expression. Cells with a UVRAG deletion mutant defective in Beclin 1 binding showed increased radiation-induced DSBs and cell death compared to cells with ectopic wild-type UVRAG. Knockdown of Beclin 1 or UVRAG, but not ATG5, resulted in a significant increase in centrosome number (γ-tubulin staining) in irradiated cells compared to control siRNA. Taken together, these data indicate that Beclin 1 and UVRAG confer protection against radiation-induced DNA DSBs and may maintain centrosome stability in established tumor cells.
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86
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Lippai M, Lőw P. The role of the selective adaptor p62 and ubiquitin-like proteins in autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:832704. [PMID: 25013806 PMCID: PMC4075091 DOI: 10.1155/2014/832704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy were long viewed as independent, parallel degradation systems with no point of intersection. By now we know that these degradation pathways share certain substrates and regulatory molecules and show coordinated and compensatory function. Two ubiquitin-like protein conjugation pathways were discovered that are required for autophagosome biogenesis: the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 and Atg8 systems. Autophagy has been considered to be essentially a nonselective process, but it turned out to be at least partially selective. Selective substrates of autophagy include damaged mitochondria, intracellular pathogens, and even a subset of cytosolic proteins with the help of ubiquitin-binding autophagic adaptors, such as p62/SQSTM1, NBR1, NDP52, and Optineurin. These proteins selectively recognize autophagic cargo and mediate its engulfment into autophagosomes by binding to the small ubiquitin-like modifiers that belong to the Atg8/LC3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Lippai
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest 1117, Hungary
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87
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Vallejo D, Crespo I, San-Miguel B, Alvarez M, Prieto J, Tuñón MJ, González-Gallego J. Autophagic response in the Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease, an animal model of virally-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Vet Res 2014; 45:15. [PMID: 24490870 PMCID: PMC3922607 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) induces a severe disease that fulfils many requirements of an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure. However, a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms contributing to liver damage is required, and it is unknown whether the RHDV induces liver autophagy and how it relates to apoptosis. In this study, we attempted to explore which signalling pathways were involved in the autophagic response induced by the RHDV and to characterize their role in the context of RHDV pathogenesis. Rabbits were infected with 2 × 10⁴ hemmaglutination units of a RHDV isolate. The autophagic response was measured as presence of autophagic vesicles, LC3 staining, conversion of LC3-I to autophagosome-associated LC3-II and changes in expression of beclin-1, UVRAG, Atg5, Atg12, Atg16L1 and p62/SQSTM1. RHDV-triggered autophagy reached a maximum at 24 hours post-infection (hpi) and declined at 30 and 36 hpi. Phosphorylation of mTOR also augmented in early periods of infection and there was an increase in the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperones BiP/GRP78, CHOP and GRP94. Apoptosis, measured as caspase-3 activity and expression of PARP-1, increased significantly at 30 and 36 hpi in parallel to the maximal expression of the RHDV capsid protein VP60. These data indicate that RHDV infection initiates a rapid autophagic response, perhaps in an attempt to protect liver, which associates to ER stress development and is independent from downregulation of the major autophagy suppressor mTOR. As the infection continues and the autophagic response declines, cells begin to exhibit apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - María Jesús Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
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88
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Modulation of apoptosis sensitivity through the interplay with autophagic and proteasomal degradation pathways. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1011. [PMID: 24457955 PMCID: PMC4040655 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagic and proteasomal degradation constitute the major cellular proteolysis pathways. Their physiological and pathophysiological adaptation and perturbation modulates the relative abundance of apoptosis-transducing proteins and thereby can positively or negatively adjust cell death susceptibility. In addition to balancing protein expression amounts, components of the autophagic and proteasomal degradation machineries directly interact with and co-regulate apoptosis signal transduction. The influence of autophagic and proteasomal activity on apoptosis susceptibility is now rapidly gaining more attention as a significant modulator of cell death signalling in the context of human health and disease. Here we present a concise and critical overview of the latest knowledge on the molecular interplay between apoptosis signalling, autophagy and proteasomal protein degradation. We highlight that these three pathways constitute an intricate signalling triangle that can govern and modulate cell fate decisions between death and survival. Owing to rapid research progress in recent years, it is now possible to provide detailed insight into the mechanisms of pathway crosstalk, common signalling nodes and the role of multi-functional proteins in co-regulating both protein degradation and cell death.
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