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Carnosol inhibits inflammasome activation by directly targeting HSP90 to treat inflammasome-mediated diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 32312957 PMCID: PMC7170921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of inflammasomes, a group of protein complexes, is pathogenic in a variety of metabolic and inflammation-related diseases. Here, we report that carnosol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by directly targeting heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), which is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activity, thereby treating inflammasome-mediated diseases. Our data demonstrate that carnosol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Mechanistically, carnosol inhibits inflammasome activation by binding to HSP90 and then inhibiting its ATPase activity. In vivo, our results show that carnosol has remarkable therapeutic effects in mouse models of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated diseases, including endotoxemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our data also suggest that intraperitoneal administration of carnosol (120 mg/kg) once daily for two weeks is well tolerated in mice. Thus, our study reveals the inhibitory effect of carnosol on inflammasome activation and demonstrates that carnosol is a safe and effective candidate for the treatment of inflammasome-mediated diseases.
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Aldrich AL, Heim CE, Shi W, Fallet RW, Duan B, Kielian T. TLR2 and caspase-1 signaling are critical for bacterial containment but not clearance during craniotomy-associated biofilm infection. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:114. [PMID: 32290861 PMCID: PMC7158029 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A craniotomy is required to access the brain for tumor resection or epilepsy treatment, and despite precautionary measures, infectious complications occur at a frequency of 1-3%. Approximately half of craniotomy infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that forms a biofilm on the bone flap, which is recalcitrant to antibiotics. Our prior work in a mouse model of S. aureus craniotomy infection revealed a critical role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in bacterial containment and pro-inflammatory mediator production. Since numerous receptors utilize MyD88 as a signaling adaptor, the current study examined the importance of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 based on their ability sense S. aureus ligands, namely lipoproteins and CpG DNA motifs, respectively. We also examined the role of caspase-1 based on its known association with TLR signaling to promote IL-1β release. METHODS A mouse model of craniotomy-associated biofilm infection was used to investigate the role of TLR2, TLR9, and caspase-1 in disease progression. Wild type (WT), TLR2 knockout (KO), TLR9 KO, and caspase-1 KO mice were examined at various intervals post-infection to quantify bacterial burden, leukocyte recruitment, and inflammatory mediator production in the galea, brain, and bone flap. In addition, the role of TLR2-dependent signaling during microglial/macrophage crosstalk with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was examined. RESULTS TLR2, but not TLR9, was important for preventing S. aureus outgrowth during craniotomy infection, as revealed by the elevated bacterial burden in the brain, galea, and bone flap of TLR2 KO mice concomitant with global reductions in pro-inflammatory mediator production compared to WT animals. Co-culture of MDSCs with microglia or macrophages, to model interactions in the brain vs. galea, respectively, also revealed a critical role for TLR2 in triggering pro-inflammatory mediator production. Similar to TLR2, caspase-1 KO animals also displayed increased S. aureus titers coincident with reduced pro-inflammatory mediator release, suggestive of pathway cooperativity. Treatment of caspase-1 KO mice with IL-1β microparticles significantly reduced S. aureus burden in the brain and galea compared to empty microparticles, confirming the critical role of IL-1β in limiting S. aureus outgrowth during craniotomy infection. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the existence of an initial anti-bacterial response that depends on both TLR2 and caspase-1 in controlling S. aureus growth; however, neither pathway is effective at clearing infection in the WT setting, since craniotomy infection persists when both molecules are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Aldrich
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Present Address: Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Cortney E Heim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rachel W Fallet
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Khan F, Singh VK, Saeed M, Kausar MA, Ansari IA. Carvacrol Induced Program Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Notch Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1588-1608. [PMID: 31364516 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190731152942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that abnormal activation of Notch signaling is closely related with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Although there are numerous therapeutic strategies, a more effective modality with least side effects is urgently required for the treatment of prostate cancer. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol and majorly present in the essential oils of Lamiaceae family plants. Many previous reports have shown various biological activities of carvacrol like antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Recently, we have shown potent anticancer property of carvacrol against prostate cancer cell line DU145. In the current study, we report the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of carvacrol against another prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with its detailed mechanism of action. METHODS To determine the effect of the carvacrol on prostate cancer cells, the cell viability was estimated by MTT assay and cell death was estimated by LDH release assay. The apoptotic assay was performed by DAPI staining and FITC-Annexin V assay. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA method. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Our results suggested that the carvacrol treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative action of carvacrol was correlated with apoptosis which was confirmed by nuclear condensation, FITC-Annexin V assay, modulation in expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase activation. The mechanistic insight into carvacrol-induced apoptosis leads to finding of elevated level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Cell cycle analysis revealed that carvacrol prevented cell cycle in G0/G1 that was associated with decline in expression of cyclin D1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) and augmented expression of CDK inhibitor p21. Having been said the role of hyperactivation of Notch signaling in prostate cancer, we also deciphered that carvacrol could inhibit Notch signaling in PC-3 cells via downregulation of Notch-1, and Jagged-1. CONCLUSION Thus, our previous and current findings have established the strong potential of carvacrol as a chemopreventive agent against androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.,Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Vipendra K Singh
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
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Gao Y, Deason K, Jain A, Irizarry-Caro RA, Dozmorov I, Coughlin LA, Rauch I, Evers BM, Koh AY, Wakeland EK, Pasare C. Transcriptional profiling identifies caspase-1 as a T cell-intrinsic regulator of Th17 differentiation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190476. [PMID: 31967646 PMCID: PMC7144520 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the differentiation of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells. However, to what extent innate cues from DCs dictate transcriptional changes in T cells remains elusive. Here, we used DCs stimulated with specific pathogens to prime CD4 T cells in vitro and found that these T cells express unique transcriptional profiles dictated by the nature of the priming pathogen. More specifically, the transcriptome of in vitro C. rodentium-primed Th17 cells resembled that of Th17 cells primed following infection in vivo but was remarkably distinct from cytokine-polarized Th17 cells. We identified caspase-1 as a unique gene up-regulated only in pathogen-primed Th17 cells and discovered a critical role for T cell-intrinsic caspase-1, independent of inflammasome, in optimal priming of Th17 responses. T cells lacking caspase-1 failed to induce colitis or confer protection against C. rodentium infection due to suboptimal Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. This study underlines the importance of DC-mediated priming in identifying novel regulators of T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Krystin Deason
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ricardo A. Irizarry-Caro
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Laura A. Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew Y. Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Edward K. Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Pachathundikandi SK, Blaser N, Bruns H, Backert S. Helicobacter pylori Avoids the Critical Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Production of Oncogenic Mature IL-1β in Human Immune Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E803. [PMID: 32230726 PMCID: PMC7226495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes the human stomach, and is associated with inflammation-induced gastric cancer. Bacterial crosstalk with the host immune system produces various inflammatory mediators and subsequent reactions in the host, but not bacterial clearance. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is implicated in gastric cancer development and certain gene polymorphisms play a role in this scenario. Mature IL-1β production depends on inflammasome activation, and the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in H. pylori-infected mice, while recent studies demonstrated the down-regulation of NLRP3 expression in human immune cells, indicating a differential NLRP3 regulation in human vs. mice. In addition to the formation of mature IL-1β or IL-18, inflammasome activation induces pyroptotic death in cells. We demonstrate that H. pylori infection indeed upregulated the expression of pro-IL-1β in human immune cells, but secreted only very low amounts of mature IL-1β. However, application of exogenous control activators such as Nigericin or ATP to infected cells readily induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and secretion of high amounts of mature IL-1β. This suggests that chronic H. pylori infection in humans manipulates inflammasome activation and pyroptosis for bacterial persistence. This inflammasome deregulation during H. pylori infection, however, is prone to external stimulation by microbial, environmental or host molecules of inflammasome activators for the production of high amounts of mature IL-1β and signaling-mediated gastric tumorigenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kumar Pachathundikandi
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Nicole Blaser
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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Molla MD, Ayelign B, Dessie G, Geto Z, Admasu TD. Caspase-1 as a regulatory molecule of lipid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:34. [PMID: 32143623 PMCID: PMC7060649 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1 is an evolutionarily conserved inflammatory mediated enzyme that cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines. It can be activated through the assembly of inflammasome and its major effect is to activate the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interluekine-18 (IL-18). In addition to IL-1β and IL-8, several lines of evidence showed that caspase-1 targets the substrates that are involved in different metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. Caspase-1 regulates lipid metabolism through cytokine dependent or cytokine independent regulation of genes that involved in lipid metabolism and its regulation. To date, there are several reports on the role of caspase-1 in lipid metabolism. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the role of caspase-1 in lipid metabolism and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahun Dessale Admasu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Buscetta M, Di Vincenzo S, Miele M, Badami E, Pace E, Cipollina C. Cigarette smoke inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to caspase-1 activation via the TLR4-TRIF-caspase-8 axis in human macrophages. FASEB J 2020; 34:1819-1832. [PMID: 31914643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901239r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is formed by the sensor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and pro-caspase-1. Assembly and activation of the inflammasome trigger caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their secreted forms. Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for chronic inflammatory diseases and is associated with macrophage dysfunction. The impact of cigarette smoke on NLRP3-dependent responses in macrophages is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and THP-1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS plus the NLRP3 inflammasome activator ATP. We found that CSE inhibited the release of IL-1β and IL-18 as well as the expression of NLRP3 acting mainly at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, we found that CSE increased the caspase-1 activity via an NLRP3-independent and TLR4-TRIF-caspase-8-dependent pathway. Activation of caspase-1 by CSE led to a reduction of the basal glycolytic flux and impaired glycolytic burst in response to LPS. Overall, our findings unveil novel pathways leading to immune-metabolic alterations in human macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke. These mechanisms may contribute to macrophage dysfunction and increased risk of infection in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Miele
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ester Badami
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Fiery Cell Death: Pyroptosis in the Central Nervous System. Trends Neurosci 2019; 43:55-73. [PMID: 31843293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis ('fiery death') is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD), which occurs downstream of inflammasome activation. Pyroptosis is mediated directly by the recently identified family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins, the best characterized of which is gasdermin D (GSDMD). Recent investigations implicate pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms that drive pyroptosis, evidence for pyroptosis within the CNS, and emerging therapeutic strategies for its inhibition in the context of neurological disease.
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Caspase-10 inhibits ATP-citrate lyase-mediated metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming to suppress tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4255. [PMID: 31534141 PMCID: PMC6751159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-10 belongs to the class of initiator caspases and is a close homolog of caspase-8. However, the lack of caspase-10 in mice and limited substrate repertoire restricts the understanding of its physiological functions. Here, we report that ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a caspase-10 substrate. Caspase-10 cleaves ACLY at the conserved Asp1026 site under conditions of altered metabolic homeostasis. Cleavage of ACLY abrogates its enzymatic activity and suppresses the generation of acetyl-CoA, which is critical for lipogenesis and histone acetylation. Thus, caspase-10-mediated ACLY cleavage results in reduced intracellular lipid levels and represses GCN5-mediated histone H3 and H4 acetylation. Furthermore, decline in GCN5 activity alters the epigenetic profile, resulting in downregulation of proliferative and metastatic genes. Thus caspase-10 suppresses ACLY-promoted malignant phenotype. These findings expand the substrate repertoire of caspase-10 and highlight its pivotal role in inhibiting tumorigenesis through metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms. Caspases are most closely associated with cell death, but many have other cellular functions. Here, Das et al. find that upon metabolic stress, caspase-10 cleaves ACLY to regulate metabolic homeostasis and epigenetic reprogramming by altering Acetyl-CoA levels.
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Hancz D, Westerlund E, Valfridsson C, Aemero GM, Bastiat-Sempe B, Orning P, Lien E, Wessels MR, Persson JJ. Streptolysin O Induces the Ubiquitination and Degradation of Pro-IL-1β. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:457-468. [PMID: 30889575 PMCID: PMC6758947 DOI: 10.1159/000496403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a common and versatile human pathogen causing a variety of diseases. One of the many virulence factors of GAS is the secreted pore-forming cytotoxin streptolysin O (SLO), which has been ascribed multiple properties, including inflammasome activation leading to release of the potent inflammatory cytokine IL-1β from infected macrophages. IL-1β is synthesized as an inactive pro-form, which is activated intracellularly through proteolytic cleavage. Here, we use a macrophage infection model to show that SLO specifically induces ubiquitination and degradation of pro-IL-1β. Ubiquitination was dependent on SLO being released from the infecting bacterium, and pore formation by SLO was required but not sufficient for the induction of ubiquitination. Our data provide evidence for a novel SLO-mediated mechanism of immune regulation, emphasizing the importance of this pore-forming toxin in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Hancz
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Westerlund
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Valfridsson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Getachew Melkamu Aemero
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Benedicte Bastiat-Sempe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pontus Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael R. Wessels
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny J. Persson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,*Prof. Jenny J. Persson, Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC D14, SE–221 84 Lund (Sweden), E-Mail
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Mishra PK, Adameova A, Hill JA, Baines CP, Kang PM, Downey JM, Narula J, Takahashi M, Abbate A, Piristine HC, Kar S, Su S, Higa JK, Kawasaki NK, Matsui T. Guidelines for evaluating myocardial cell death. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H891-H922. [PMID: 31418596 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00259.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hande C Piristine
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sumit Kar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shi Su
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason K Higa
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nicholas K Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Gonçalves AV, Margolis SR, Quirino GFS, Mascarenhas DPA, Rauch I, Nichols RD, Ansaldo E, Fontana MF, Vance RE, Zamboni DS. Gasdermin-D and Caspase-7 are the key Caspase-1/8 substrates downstream of the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome required for restriction of Legionella pneumophila. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007886. [PMID: 31251782 PMCID: PMC6622555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that detect infection or cellular damage and activate the Caspase-1 (CASP1) protease. The NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome detects bacterial flagellin and is essential for resistance to the flagellated intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The effectors required downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4 to restrict bacterial replication remain unclear. Upon NAIP5/NLRC4 activation, CASP1 cleaves and activates the pore-forming protein Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) and the effector caspase-7 (CASP7). However, Casp1–/– (and Casp1/11–/–) mice are only partially susceptible to L. pneumophila and do not phenocopy Nlrc4–/–mice, because NAIP5/NLRC4 also activates CASP8 for restriction of L. pneumophila infection. Here we show that CASP8 promotes the activation of CASP7 and that Casp7/1/11–/– and Casp8/1/11–/– mice recapitulate the full susceptibility of Nlrc4–/– mice. Gsdmd–/– mice exhibit only mild susceptibility to L. pneumophila, but Gsdmd–/–Casp7–/– mice are as susceptible as the Nlrc4–/– mice. These results demonstrate that GSDMD and CASP7 are the key substrates downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4/CASP1/8 required for resistance to L. pneumophila. Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that detect infection and other stimuli and activate the Caspase-1 (CASP1) protease. The effectors required downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4 to restrict bacterial replication remain unclear. Active CASP1 cleaves and activates the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce inflammation and cell death. We have previously shown that CASP8 is activated by the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome independently of CASP1 and functions to restrict replication of the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. Here, we show that CASP7 is activated downstream of CASP8 and is required for CASP8-dependent restriction of L. pneumophila replication in macrophages and in vivo. In addition, CASP7 is also activated by CASP1. Taken together, these results imply that CASP7 and GSDMD are the two key caspase substrates downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4. In support of this hypothesis, we found that mice double deficient in CASP7 and GSDMD are more susceptible than the single knockouts and are as susceptible as the Nlrc4 deficient mice for restriction of L. pneumophila replication in vivo. Collectively, our data indicate that GSDMD and CASP7 are activated by CASP1 and induce cell death and restriction of bacterial infection. Therefore, GSDMD and multiple caspases (CASP1, CASP7 and CASP8) operate downstream of the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome for restriction of infection by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto V. Gonçalves
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shally R. Margolis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F. S. Quirino
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle P. A. Mascarenhas
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Randilea D. Nichols
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eduard Ansaldo
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Fontana
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Russell E. Vance
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (REV); (DSZ)
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (REV); (DSZ)
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64
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Carpentier SJ, Ni M, Duggan JM, James RG, Cookson BT, Hamerman JA. The signaling adaptor BCAP inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in macrophages through interactions with Flightless-1. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/581/eaau0615. [PMID: 31088976 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
B cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (BCAP) is a signaling adaptor that activates the PI3K pathway downstream of B cell receptor signaling in B cells and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages. BCAP binds to the regulatory p85 subunit of class I PI3K and is a large, multidomain protein. We used proteomic analysis to identify other BCAP-interacting proteins in macrophages and found that BCAP specifically associated with the caspase-1 pseudosubstrate inhibitor Flightless-1 and its binding partner leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 2. Because these proteins inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, we investigated the role of BCAP in inflammasome function. Independent of its effects on TLR priming, BCAP inhibited NLRP3- and NLRC4-induced caspase-1 activation, cell death, and IL-1β release from macrophages. Accordingly, caspase-1-dependent clearance of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant was enhanced in BCAP-deficient mice. Mechanistically, BCAP delayed the recruitment and activation of pro-caspase-1 within the NLRP3/ASC preinflammasome through its association with Flightless-1. Thus, BCAP is a multifunctional signaling adaptor that inhibits key pathogen-sensing pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Carpentier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minjian Ni
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brad T Cookson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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65
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Griswold AR, Cifani P, Rao SD, Axelrod AJ, Miele MM, Hendrickson RC, Kentsis A, Bachovchin DA. A Chemical Strategy for Protease Substrate Profiling. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:901-907.e6. [PMID: 31006619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) regulate hormones, cytokines, and neuropeptides by cleaving dipeptides after proline from their amino termini. Due to technical challenges, many DPP substrates remain unknown. Here, we introduce a simple method, termed CHOPS (chemical enrichment of protease substrates), for the discovery of protease substrates. CHOPS exploits a 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (2PCA)-biotin probe, which selectively biotinylates protein N-termini except those with proline in the second position. CHOPS can, in theory, discover substrates for any protease, but is particularly well suited to discover canonical DPP substrates, as cleaved but not intact DPP substrates can be identified by gel electrophoresis or mass spectrometry. Using CHOPS, we show that DPP8 and DPP9, enzymes that control the Nlrp1 inflammasome through an unknown mechanism, do not directly cleave Nlrp1. We further show that DPP9 robustly cleaves short peptides but not full-length proteins. More generally, this work delineates a practical technology for identifying protease substrates, which we anticipate will complement available "N-terminomic" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Griswold
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paolo Cifani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sahana D Rao
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abram J Axelrod
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew M Miele
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel A Bachovchin
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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66
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Yang Q, Liu R, Yu Q, Bi Y, Liu G. Metabolic regulation of inflammasomes in inflammation. Immunology 2019; 157:95-109. [PMID: 30851192 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine secretion are essential for innate immune defence against multiple stimuli and are regarded as a link to adaptive immune responses. Dysfunction of inflammasome activation has been discovered at the onset or progression of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer, all of which are also associated with metabolic factors. Furthermore, many studies concerning the metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation have emerged in recent years, especially regarding the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome under metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between metabolic pathways and inflammasome activation, which exerts further important effects on various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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67
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Mulay SR. Multifactorial functions of the inflammasome component NLRP3 in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2019; 96:58-66. [PMID: 30922667 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein caspase-activating complex platform involved in innate immunity required for the maturation and release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Both cytokines activate their respective receptors present on cells inside and outside kidneys, resulting in the release of other proinflammatory cytokines to set up an inflammatory milieu both within the kidney and systemically. The canonical NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β-IL-18 axis has been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases by regulating renal necroinflammation. However, many recent studies have emphasized the inflammasome-independent functions of NLRP3 in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis. This review highlights the contribution of the inflammasome-independent functions of NLPR3, for example, in fibrotic tissue remodeling, in tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and in metabolic pathways, during the development and progression of CKD in various experimental models and humans. Interestingly, therapies targeting the inflammasome effectors (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists and IL-1β) have been approved for therapeutic use for NLRP3-dependent diseases; however, no NLRP3 antagonists have been approved for therapeutic use until now. This review highlights the double-edged sword-like functions of NLRP3 in the regulation of renal necroinflammation and fibrosis and therefore emphasizes the urgent need for specific NLRP3 inhibitors because of the broad therapeutic potential they offer for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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68
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of liver toxicity which can have varying clinical presentations, the most severe of which being acute liver failure. Hepatocyte death as a cause of drug toxicity is a feature of DILI. There are multiple cell death subroutines; some, like apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and necrosis have been extensively studied, while others such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis have been more recently described. The mode of cell death in DILI depends on the culprit drug, as it largely dictates the mechanism and extent of injury. The main cell death subroutines in DILI are apoptosis and necrosis, with mitochondrial involvement being pivotal for the execution of both. A few drugs such as acetaminophen (APAP) can cause direct, dose-dependent toxicity, while the majority of drugs cause idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI). IDILI is an unpredictable form of liver injury that is not dose dependent, occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition, and presents with variable latency. APAP-induced programmed necrosis has been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms and pathogenesis of cell death from drugs causing IDILI are harder to elucidate due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease. Cell death in IDILI is likely death receptor-mediated apoptosis and the result of an activated innate and adaptive immune system, compounded by other host factors such as genetics, gender, age, and capacity for immune tolerance. This chapter will review the different modes of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis and their pertinence to DILI.
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69
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Thi Tran U, Kitami T. Niclosamide activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by intracellular acidification and mitochondrial inhibition. Commun Biol 2019; 2:2. [PMID: 30740538 PMCID: PMC6318214 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is unique among pattern recognition receptors in using changes in cellular physiology as a mechanism for sensing host danger. To dissect the physiological network controlling inflammasome activation, we screened for small-molecule activators and suppressors of IL-1β release in macrophages. Here we identified niclosamide, a mitochondrial uncoupler, as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome. We find that niclosamide inhibits mitochondria and induces intracellular acidification, both of which are necessary for inflammasome activation. Intracellular acidification, by inhibiting glycolysis, works together with mitochondrial inhibition to induce intracellular ATP loss, which compromises intracellular potassium maintenance, a key event to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A modest decline in intracellular ATP or pH within an optimal range induces maximum IL-1β release while their excessive decline suppresses IL-1β release. Our work illustrates how energy metabolism converges upon intracellular potassium to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and highlights a biphasic relationship between cellular physiology and IL-1β release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Tran
- YCI Laboratory for Cellular Bioenergetic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Toshimori Kitami
- YCI Laboratory for Cellular Bioenergetic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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70
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Cypryk W, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. From Inflammasome to Exosome-Does Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Constitute an Inflammasome-Dependent Immune Response? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2188. [PMID: 30319640 PMCID: PMC6167409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes of pattern recognition receptors and caspase-1, with essential functions in regulating inflammatory responses of macrophages and dendritic cells. The primary role of inflammasomes is to catalyze processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Recently, intracellular non-canonical inflammasome activation by caspases-4/5, which are also regulators of pyroptosis via processing gasdermin D, has been elucidated. Caspase-1, the effector protease of inflammasome complex, is also known to modulate secretion of large number of other proteins. Thereby, besides its known role in processing pro-inflammatory cytokines, the inflammasome turns into a universal regulator of protein secretion, which allows the danger-exposed cells to release various proteins in order to alert and guide neighboring cells. Majority of these proteins are not secreted through the conventional ER-Golgi secretory pathway. Instead, they are segregated in membrane-enclosed compartment and secreted in nanosized extracellular vesicles, which protect their cargo and guide it for delivery. Growing evidence indicates that inflammasome activity correlates with enhanced secretion of extracellular vesicles and modulation of their protein cargo. This inflammasome-driven unconventional, vesicle-mediated secretion of multitude of immunoregulatory proteins may constitute a novel paradigm in inflammatory responses. In this mini review we discuss the current knowledge and highlight unsolved questions about metabolic processes, signals, and mechanisms linking inflammasome activity with regulated extracellular vesicle secretion of proteins. Further investigations on this relationship may in the future help understanding the significance of extracellular vesicle secretion in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, gouty arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer's and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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71
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Taurine attenuates arsenic-induced pyroptosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting the autophagic-inflammasomal pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:946. [PMID: 30237538 PMCID: PMC6148242 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation is a key contributor to the pathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including NASH. However, it is unclear how arsenic induces inflammation. In mouse livers, we show that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced NASH, increased autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, increased lipid accumulation, and resulted in dysregulation of lipid-related genes. Supplemented with taurine (Tau) attenuated the inflammation and autophagy caused by As2O3. In HepG2 cells, we found that As2O3-induced pyroptotic cell death was dependent upon the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which was CTSB-dependent. In addition, inhibiting autophagy alleviated the As2O3-induced increase of cytosolic CTSB expression and subsequent release of LDH, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and pyroptosis. Moreover, we found that Tau alleviated As2O3-induced elevation of autophagy, CTSB expression, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and reduced the release of LDH, pyroptotic cell death, and inflammation. Interestingly, As2O3-induced lipid accumulation could not be alleviated by either inhibition of autophagy nor by inhibition of CTSB. Additionally, neither inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome or Tau treatment could alleviate lipid accumulation. These results demonstrated that As2O3-induced pyroptosis involves autophagy, CTSB, and the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, and that Tau alleviates As2O3-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting the autophagic-CTSB-NLRP3 inflammasomal pathway rather than decreasing lipid accumulation. These findings give insight into the association of autophagy, inflammation, pyroptosis, and NASH induced by As2O3.
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72
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Caspase-1 and Caspase-11 Mediate Pyroptosis, Inflammation, and Control of Brucella Joint Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00361-18. [PMID: 29941463 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00361-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Brucella, is a zoonotic disease for which arthritis is the most common focal complication in humans. Here we investigated the role of inflammasomes and their effectors, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-18, and pyroptosis, on inflammation and control of infection during Brucella-induced arthritis. Early in infection, both caspase-1 and caspase-11 were found to initiate joint inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine production. However, by 1 week postinfection, caspase-1 and caspase-11 also contributed to control of Brucella joint infection. Inflammasome-dependent restriction of Brucella joint burdens did not require AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) or NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3). IL-1R had a modest effect on Brucella-induced joint swelling, but mice lacking IL-1R were not impaired in their ability to control infection of the joint by Brucella In contrast, IL-18 contributed to the initiation of joint swelling and control of joint Brucella infection. Caspase1/11-dependent cell death was observed in vivo, and in vitro studies demonstrated that both caspase-1 and caspase-11 induce pyroptosis, which limited Brucella infection in macrophages. Brucella lipopolysaccharide alone was also able to induce caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that inflammasomes induce inflammation in an IL-18-dependent manner and that inflammasome-dependent IL-18 and pyroptosis restrict Brucella infection.
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73
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Chen G, Chelu MG, Dobrev D, Li N. Cardiomyocyte Inflammasome Signaling in Cardiomyopathies and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1115. [PMID: 30150941 PMCID: PMC6100656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high molecular weight protein complexes in the cytosol of immune and other cells that play a critical role in the innate immune system in response to cellular stress. NLRP3 inflammasome, the best-understood inflammasome, is known to mediate the maturation (activation) of caspase-1 from pro-caspase-1, causing the maturation and release of cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β) and potentially leading to a form of inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Previous work has shown that the NLRP3 components are expressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts and recent studies have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key nodal point in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies and atrial fibrillation, which may create an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic agents. Here we review the recent evidence for a role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the cardiomyocytes and discuss its potential role in the evolution of cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias and new opportunities created by these very recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mihail G Chelu
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research and Management Center, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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74
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Burkovetskaya M, Bosch ME, Karpuk N, Fallet R, Kielian T. Caspase 1 activity influences juvenile Batten disease (CLN3) pathogenesis. J Neurochem 2018; 148:652-668. [PMID: 29873075 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CLN3. Symptoms appear between 5 and 10 years of age, beginning with blindness and seizures, followed by progressive cognitive and motor decline, and premature death. Glial activation and impaired neuronal activity are early signs of pathology in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model of JNCL, whereas neuron death occurs much later in the disease process. We previously reported that Cln3Δex7/8 microglia are primed toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype typified by exaggerated caspase 1 inflammasome activation and here we extend those findings to demonstrate heightened caspase activity in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse brain. Based on the ability of caspase 1 to cleave a large number of substrates that have been implicated in JNCL pathology, we examined the functional implications of caspase 1 inflammasome activity by crossing Cln3Δex7/8 and caspase 1-deficient mice to create Cln3Δex7/8 /Casp-1-/- animals. Caspase 1 deletion influenced motor behavior deficits and astrocyte activation in the context of CLN3 mutation, since both were significantly reversed in Cln3Δex7/8 /Casp-1-/- mice, with phenotypes approaching that of wild-type animals. We also report a progressive age-dependent reduction in whisker length in Cln3Δex7/8 mice that was partially caspase 1-dependent. However, not all CLN3 phenotypes were reversed following caspase 1 deletion, since no significant differences in lysosomal accumulation or microglial activation were observed between Cln3Δex7/8 and Cln3Δex7/8 /Casp-1-/- mice. Although the molecular targets of aberrant caspase 1 activity in the context of CLN3 mutation remain to be identified, our studies suggest that caspase 1 may represent a potential therapeutic target to mitigate some attributes of CLN3 disease. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Burkovetskaya
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Megan E Bosch
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nikolay Karpuk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rachel Fallet
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Audia JP, Yang XM, Crockett ES, Housley N, Haq EU, O'Donnell K, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Alvarez DF. Caspase-1 inhibition by VX-765 administered at reperfusion in P2Y 12 receptor antagonist-treated rats provides long-term reduction in myocardial infarct size and preservation of ventricular function. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:32. [PMID: 29992382 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myocardial infarction receive a P2Y12 receptor antagonist prior to reperfusion, a treatment that has reduced, but not eliminated, mortality, or heart failure. We tested whether the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 given at reperfusion (a requirement for clinical use) can provide sustained reduction of infarction and long-term preservation of ventricular function in a pre-clinical model of ischemia/reperfusion that had been treated with a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. To address, the hypothesis open-chest rats were subjected to 60-min left coronary artery branch occlusion/120-min reperfusion. Vehicle or inhibitors were administered intravenously immediately before reperfusion. With vehicle only, 60.3 ± 3.8% of the risk zone suffered infarction. Ticagrelor, a P2Y12 antagonist, and VX-765 decreased infarct size to 42.8 ± 3.3 and 29.2 ± 4.9%, respectively. Combining ticagrelor with VX-765 further decreased infarction to 17.5 ± 2.3%. Similar to recent clinical trials, combining ticagrelor and ischemic postconditioning did not result in additional cardioprotection. VX-765 plus another P2Y12 antagonist, cangrelor, also decreased infarction and preserved ventricular function when reperfusion was increased to 3 days. In addition, VX-765 reduced infarction in blood-free, isolated rat hearts indicating at least a portion of injurious caspase-1 activation originates in cardiac tissue. While the pro-drug VX-765 only protected isolated hearts when started prior to ischemia, its active derivative VRT-043198 provided the same amount of protection when started at reperfusion, indicating that even in blood-free hearts, caspase-1 appears to exert its injury only at reperfusion. Moreover, VX-765 decreased circulating IL-1β, prevented loss of cardiac glycolytic enzymes, preserved mitochondrial complex I activity, and decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of pyroptosis. Our results are the first demonstration of a clinical-grade drug given at reperfusion providing additional, sustained infarct size reduction when added to a P2Y12 receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA. .,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Xi-Ming Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Edward S Crockett
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Nicole Housley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Ehtesham Ul Haq
- Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Kristen O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Michael V Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Diego F Alvarez
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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76
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Turtle JD, Strain MM, Reynolds JA, Huang YJ, Lee KH, Henwood MK, Garraway SM, Grau JW. Pain Input After Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Undermines Long-Term Recovery and Engages Signal Pathways That Promote Cell Death. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:27. [PMID: 29977195 PMCID: PMC6021528 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain (nociceptive) input caudal to a spinal contusion injury increases tissue loss and impairs long-term recovery. It was hypothesized that noxious stimulation has this effect because it engages unmyelinated pain (C) fibers that produce a state of over-excitation in central pathways. The present article explored this issue by assessing the effect of capsaicin, which activates C-fibers that express the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1). Rats received a lower thoracic (T11) contusion injury and capsaicin was applied to one hind paw the next day. For comparison, other animals received noxious electrical stimulation at an intensity that engages C fibers. Both forms of stimulation elicited similar levels of c-fos mRNA expression, a cellular marker of nociceptive activation, and impaired long-term behavioral recovery. Cellular assays were then performed to compare the acute effect of shock and capsaicin treatment. Both forms of noxious stimulation increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and caspase-3, which promotes apoptotic cell death. Shock, but not capsaicin, enhanced expression of signals related to pyroptotic cell death [caspase-1, inteleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß)]. Pyroptosis has been linked to the activation of the P2X7 receptor and the outward flow of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the pannexin-1 channel. Blocking the P2X7 receptor with Brilliant Blue G (BBG) reduced the expression of signals related to pyroptotic cell death in contused rats that had received shock. Blocking the pannexin-1 channel with probenecid paradoxically had the opposite effect. BBG enhanced long-term recovery and lowered reactivity to mechanical stimulation applied to the girdle region (an index of chronic pain), but did not block the adverse effect of nociceptive stimulation. The results suggest that C-fiber input after injury impairs long-term recovery and that this effect may arise because it induces apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Turtle
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Misty M Strain
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Joshua A Reynolds
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yung-Jen Huang
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kuan H Lee
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Melissa K Henwood
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sandra M Garraway
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James W Grau
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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77
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Jamilloux Y, Lagrange B, Di Micco A, Bourdonnay E, Provost A, Tallant R, Henry T, Martinon F. A proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) approach flags the p62/sequestosome-1 protein as a caspase-1 substrate. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12563-12575. [PMID: 29929983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a major component of the innate immune system, and its main function is to activate caspase-1, a cysteine protease that promotes inflammation by inducing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation and release into the extracellular milieu. To prevent uncontrolled inflammation, this complex is highly regulated. When it is assembled, the inflammasome is insoluble, which has long precluded the analysis of its interactions with other proteins. Here we used the proximity-dependent biotinylation assay (BioID) to identify proteins associated with caspase-1 during inflammasome activation. Using the BioID in a cell-free system in which the inflammasome had been activated, we found that a caspase-1-biotin ligase fusion protein selectively labeled 111 candidates, including the p62/sequestosome-1 protein (p62). Using co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated that p62 interacts with caspase-1. This interaction promoted caspase-1-mediated cleavage of p62 at Asp-329. Mechanistic and functional analyses revealed that caspase-1-mediated cleavage of p62 leads to loss of its interaction with the autophagosomal protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β (LC3B). Strikingly, overexpression of a p62 N-terminal fragment generated upon caspase-1 cleavage decreased IL-1β release, whereas overexpression of p62's C-terminal portion enhanced IL-1β release, by regulating pro-IL1β levels. Overall, the overexpression of both fragments together decreased IL-1β release. Taken together, our results indicate that caspase-1-mediated p62 cleavage plays a complex role in balancing caspase-1-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Brice Lagrange
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Antonia Di Micco
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Angélina Provost
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Tallant
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland, .,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Martinon
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland, .,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France
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78
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Vats K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Inflammasomes in stroke: a triggering role for acid-sensing ion channels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:14-24. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics; Assam University; Silchar Assam India
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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79
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Wilson CH, Kumar S. Caspases in metabolic disease and their therapeutic potential. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1010-1024. [PMID: 29743560 PMCID: PMC5988802 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases, are central to the maintenance of cellular and organismal homoeostasis by functioning as key mediators of the inflammatory response and/or apoptosis. Both metabolic inflammation and apoptosis play a central role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease such as obesity and the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatisis (NASH) to more severe liver disease. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the leading global health challenges associated with the development of numerous comorbidities including insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and early mortality. Despite the high prevalence, current treatment strategies including lifestyle, dietary, pharmaceutical and surgical interventions, are often limited in their efficacy to manage or treat obesity, and there are currently no clinical therapies for NAFLD/NASH. As mediators of inflammation and cell death, caspases are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of these metabolic diseases. As such, pan-caspase inhibitors that act by blocking apoptosis have reached phase I/II clinical trials in severe liver disease. However, there is still a lack of knowledge of the specific and differential functions of individual caspases. In addition, cross-talk between alternate cell death pathways is a growing concern for long-term caspase inhibition. Evidence is emerging of the important cell-death-independent, non-apoptotic functions of caspases in metabolic homoeostasis that may be of therapeutic value. Here, we review the current evidence for roles of caspases in metabolic disease and discuss their potential targeting as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia & SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia & SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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80
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miR-200a Modulates the Expression of the DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Playing a Role in Aging of Primary Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9147326. [PMID: 29765508 PMCID: PMC5889889 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage accumulation may induce cellular senescence. Notably, senescent cells accumulate in aged tissues and are present at the sites of age-related pathologies. Although the signaling of DNA strand breaks has been extensively studied, the role of oxidative base lesions has not fully investigated in primary human keratinocyte aging. In this study, we show that primary human keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by a significant accumulation of the oxidative base lesion 8-OH-dG, impairment of oxidative DNA repair, and increase of miR-200a levels. Notably, OGG1-2a, a critical enzyme for 8-OH-dG repair, is a direct target of miR-200a and its expression levels significantly decrease in aged keratinocytes. The 8-OH-dG accumulation displays a significant linear relationship with the aging biomarker p16 expression during keratinocyte senescence. Interestingly, we found that miR-200a overexpression down-modulates its putative target Bmi-1, a well-known p16 repressor, and up-regulates p16 itself. miR-200a overexpression also up-regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β expression. Of note, primary keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by NRPL3 activation and IL-1β secretion. These findings point to miR-200a as key player in primary human keratinocyte aging since it is able to reduce oxidative DNA repair activity and may induce several senescence features through p16 and IL-1β up-regulation.
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81
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Enhancement of endothelial permeability by free fatty acid through lysosomal cathepsin B-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73229-73241. [PMID: 27689324 PMCID: PMC5341975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for exacerbating chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. High serum level of saturated free fatty acids such as palmitate is an important contributor for obesity-induced diseases. Here, we examined the contribution of inflammasome activation in vascular cells to free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in obesity. Our findings demonstrated that high fat diet-induced impairment of vascular integrity and enhanced vascular permeability in the myocardium in mice were significantly attenuated by Nlrp3 gene deletion. In microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), palmitate markedly induces Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation leading to caspase-1 activation and IL1β production. By fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we observed that such palmitate-induced Nlrp3 inflammasome activated was accompanied by a reduction in inter-endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1/ZO-2. Such palmitate-induced decrease of ZO-1/ZO-2 was also correlated with an increase in the permeability of endothelial monolayers treated with palmitates. Moreover, palmitate-induced alterations in ZO-1/ZO-2 or permeability were significantly reversed by an inflammasome activity inhibitor, YVAD, or a high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) activity inhibitor glycyrrhizin. Lastly, blockade of cathepsin B with Ca-074Me significantly abolished palmitate-induced activation of Nlrp3 inflammasomes, down-regulation of ZO-1/ZO-2, and enhanced permeability in MVECs or their monolayers. Together, these data strongly suggest that activation of endothelial inflammasomes due to increased free fatty acids produces HMGB1, which disrupts inter-endothelial junctions and increases paracellular permeability of endothelium contributing to early onset of endothelial injury during obesity.
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82
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Wang YC, Liu QX, Liu T, Xu XE, Gao W, Bai XJ, Li ZF. Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells predicts the development of sepsis in severe trauma patients: A prospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9859. [PMID: 29465571 PMCID: PMC5841964 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in sepsis and septic shock in animal studies. However, its clinical significance in pathological conditions has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the percentage of pyroptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the clinical index and to investigate the relationship between PBMCs pyroptosis and the development of sepsis in trauma patients.This prospective study was conducted from October 2016 to May 2017 in a comprehensive trauma center. Sixty trauma patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients within 24 hours after injury. The percentages of pyroptotic and apoptotic PBMCs were measured using flow cytometry, and plasma levels of cytokines were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis with a human inflammation 13-plex panel.Trauma patients who developed sepsis had higher percentages of pyroptotic and apoptotic PBMCs at admission. Patients who developed sepsis (n = 33) had higher interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations at admission than patients (n = 27) who did not develop sepsis. The percentage of PBMCs pyroptosis was significantly correlated with injury severity score (ISS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, IL-10, IL-18, and MCP-1 levels in trauma patients. PBMCs pyroptosis is a better biomarker in predicting the development of sepsis after trauma.This study indicates that the percentage of pyroptotic PBMCs increases during the early phase of trauma and that this increase is significantly correlated with the severity and state of inflammation in trauma patients. PBMCs pyroptosis is a potential marker for predicting the development of sepsis after trauma.
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83
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NOD-like receptor(s) and host immune responses with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:479-493. [PMID: 29353310 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the common opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis individuals, and host induce a number of marked inflammatory responses and associate with complex therapeutic problems due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic stage of infection. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognized by number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs); NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a class of PRRs, which can recognize a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, thereby playing a critical role in innate immunity. RESULTS NLR activation initiates forming of a multi-protein complex called inflammasome that induces activation of caspase-1 and resulted in cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. When the IL-1β is secreted excessively, this causes tissue damage and extensive inflammatory responses that are potentially hazardous for the host. CONCLUSIONS Recent evidence has laid out inflammasome-forming NLR far beyond inflammation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the various roles played by different NLRs and associated down-signals, either in recognition of P. aeruginosa or may be associated with such bacterial pathogen infection, which may relate to for the complexity of lung diseases caused by P. aeruginosa.
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84
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Gharagozloo M, Gris KV, Mahvelati T, Amrani A, Lukens JR, Gris D. NLR-Dependent Regulation of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2012. [PMID: 29403486 PMCID: PMC5778124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with inappropriate activation of lymphocytes, hyperinflammatory responses, demyelination, and neuronal damage. In the past decade, a number of biological immunomodulators have been developed that suppress the peripheral immune responses and slow down the progression of the disease. However, once the inflammation of the CNS has commenced, it can cause serious permanent neuronal damage. Therefore, there is a need for developing novel therapeutic approaches that control and regulate inflammatory responses within the CNS. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular regulators of inflammation expressed by many cell types within the CNS. They redirect multiple signaling pathways initiated by pathogens and molecules released by injured tissues. NLR family members include positive regulators of inflammation, such as NLRP3 and NLRC4 and anti-inflammatory NLRs, such as NLRX1 and NLRP12. They exert immunomodulatory effect at the level of peripheral immune responses, including antigen recognition and lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Also, NLRs regulate tissue inflammatory responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are placed at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune responses, such as NLR-dependent pathways, could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MS. We also summarize how anti-inflammatory NLRs regulate the immune response within the CNS. Finally, we speculate the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRs in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsiaryna V. Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Mahvelati
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Denis Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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85
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Jun D, Minic Z, Bhat SV, Vanderlinde EM, Yost CK, Babu M, Dahms TES. Metabolic Adaptation of a C-Terminal Protease A-Deficient Rhizobium leguminosarum in Response to Loss of Nutrient Transport. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2617. [PMID: 29354107 PMCID: PMC5758756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification expands the functionality of the proteome beyond genetic encoding, impacting many cellular processes. Cleavage of the carboxyl terminus is one of the many different ways proteins can be modified for functionality. Gel-electrophoresis and mass spectrometric-based techniques were used to identify proteins impacted by deficiency of a C-terminal protease, CtpA, in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841. Predicted CtpA substrates from 2D silver stained gels were predominantly outer membrane and transport proteins. Proteins with altered abundance in the wild type and ctpA (RL4692) mutant, separated by 2D difference gel electrophoresis, were selected for analysis by mass spectrometry. Of those identified, 9 were the periplasmic solute-binding components of ABC transporters, 5 were amino acid metabolic enzymes, 2 were proteins involved in sulfur metabolism, and 1 each was related to carbon metabolism, protein folding and signal transduction. Alterations to ABC-binding-cassette transporters, nutrient uptake efficiency and to amino acid metabolism indicated an impact on amino acid metabolism and transport for the ctpA mutant, which was validated by measured amino acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Supriya V. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M. Vanderlinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Chris K. Yost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Tanya E. S. Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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86
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Xu YJ, Zheng L, Hu YW, Wang Q. Pyroptosis and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Hughes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Luke A.J. O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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88
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Measuring NLR Oligomerization I: Size Exclusion Chromatography, Co-immunoprecipitation, and Cross-Linking. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1417:131-43. [PMID: 27221486 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3566-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization of nod-like receptors (NLRs) can be detected by several biochemical techniques dependent on the stringency of protein-protein interactions. Some of these biochemical methods can be combined with functional assays, such as caspase-1 activity assay. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) allows separation of native protein lysates into different sized complexes by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) for follow-up analysis. Using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), combined with SEC or on its own, enables subsequent antibody-based purification of NLR complexes and associated proteins, which can then be analyzed by immunoblot and/or subjected to functional caspase-1 activity assay. Chemical cross-linking covalently joins two or more molecules, thus capturing the oligomeric state with high sensitivity and stability. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation domain (ASC) oligomerization has been successfully used as readout for NLR or AIM2-like receptor (ALR) inflammasome activation in response to various pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) in human and mouse macrophages and THP-1 cells. Here, we provide a detailed description of the methods used for NLRP7 oligomerization in response to infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in primary human macrophages, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of NLRP7 and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes, as well as caspase-1 activity assays. Also, ASC oligomerization is shown in response to dsDNA, LPS/ATP, and LPS/nigericin in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and/or THP-1 cells or human primary macrophages.
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89
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Dolasia K, Bisht MK, Pradhan G, Udgata A, Mukhopadhyay S. TLRs/NLRs: Shaping the landscape of host immunity. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:3-19. [PMID: 29193992 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1397656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogenic organisms. It has a varied and large collection of molecules known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which can tackle the pathogens promptly and effectively. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are members of the PRR family that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play pivotal roles to mediate defense against infections from bacteria, fungi, virus and various other pathogens. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of TLRs and NLRs in the regulation of host immune-effector functions such as cytokine production, phagosome-lysosome fusion, inflammasome activation, autophagy, antigen presentation, and B and T cell immune responses that are known to be essential for mounting a protective immune response against the pathogens. This review may be helpful to design TLRs/NLRs based immunotherapeutics to control various infections and pathophysiological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Dolasia
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Tuljaguda Complex, Nampally, Hyderabad , India
| | - Manoj K Bisht
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Tuljaguda Complex, Nampally, Hyderabad , India
| | - Gourango Pradhan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Tuljaguda Complex, Nampally, Hyderabad , India
| | - Atul Udgata
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Tuljaguda Complex, Nampally, Hyderabad , India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Tuljaguda Complex, Nampally, Hyderabad , India
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90
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Eldridge MJG, Sanchez-Garrido J, Hoben GF, Goddard PJ, Shenoy AR. The Atypical Ubiquitin E2 Conjugase UBE2L3 Is an Indirect Caspase-1 Target and Controls IL-1β Secretion by Inflammasomes. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1285-1297. [PMID: 28147281 PMCID: PMC5300903 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1 activation by inflammasome signaling scaffolds initiates inflammation and antimicrobial responses. Caspase-1 proteolytically converts newly induced pro-interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) into its mature form and directs its secretion, triggering pyroptosis and release of non-substrate alarmins such as interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) and HMGB1. While some caspase-1 substrates involved in these events are known, the identities and roles of non-proteolytic targets remain unknown. Here, we use unbiased proteomics to show that the UBE2L3 ubiquitin conjugase is an indirect target of caspase-1. Caspase-1, but not caspase-4, controls pyroptosis- and ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of UBE2L3 upon canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation by sterile danger signals and bacterial infection. Mechanistically, UBE2L3 acts post-translationally to promote K48-ubiquitylation and turnover of pro-IL-1β and dampen mature-IL-1β production. UBE2L3 depletion increases pro-IL-1β levels and mature-IL-1β secretion by inflammasomes. These findings regarding UBE2L3 as a molecular rheostat have implications for IL-1-driven pathology in hereditary fever syndromes and in autoinflammatory conditions associated with UBE2L3 polymorphisms. Caspase-1 inflammasomes induce loss of UBE2L3 in macrophages and dendritic cells UBE2L3 loss is proteasome-dependent, ubiquitin- and pyroptosis-independent UBE2L3 participates in K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal turnover of pro-IL-1β UBE2L3 modulates levels of pro-IL-1β available for processing by caspase-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J G Eldridge
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia Sanchez-Garrido
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gil Ferreira Hoben
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philippa J Goddard
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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91
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Pachathundikandi SK, Backert S. Helicobacter pylori controls NLRP3 expression by regulating hsa-miR-223-3p and IL-10 in cultured and primary human immune cells. Innate Immun 2017; 24:11-23. [PMID: 29145789 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917738043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome-mediated production of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines represents an important innate immune response against infecting pathogens. Helicobacter pylori, one of the most successful and persistent human pathogens, induces severe inflammation leading to gastritis and more serious gastric diseases. H. pylori modulates different immune responses for its survival and inflammasome signaling is manipulated by the cag pathogenicity island ( cagPAI), urease and VacA cytotoxin. Here we report that H. pylori regulates NLRP3 expression, an inflammasome forming regulator, in infected THP-1 monocytes. This response was independent of the major H. pylori pathogenicity-associated factors CagA, VacA, Cgt, FlaA and cagPAI. Two NLRP3 expression controlling factors, the NLRP3 mRNA targeting microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p and cytokine IL-10, were found to work in tandem for its regulation. H. pylori infection also induced copious amount of pro-IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages but secreted a very low amount of mature IL-1β. Moreover, secreted IL-10 correlated with the down-regulation of nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation of LPS-primed THP-1 monocytes and human PBMCs from volunteers. However, H. pylori-treated PBMCs secreted significantly more mature IL-1β throughout the infection period, which suggests a different mode of activation. Taken together, this study demonstrates targeting of inflammasome-forming NLRP3, an important innate immunity component, and crucial manipulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, 98885 Friedrich Alexander University , Erlangen, Germany
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92
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Abstract
The heart is extremely sensitive to ischaemic injury. During an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) event, the injury is initially caused by reduced blood supply to the tissues, which is then further exacerbated by an intense and highly specific inflammatory response that occurs during reperfusion. Numerous studies have highlighted the central role of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in this process. The inflammasome, an integral part of the innate immune system, is a macromolecular protein complex that finely regulates the activation of caspase 1 and the production and secretion of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. In this Review, we summarize evidence supporting the therapeutic value of NLRP3 inflammasome-targeted strategies in experimental models, and the data supporting the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AMI and its consequences on adverse cardiac remodelling, cytokine-mediated systolic dysfunction, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Pauley Heart Center, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Molecular Medicine Research Building, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Molecular Medicine Research Building, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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93
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Cell death and cell lysis are separable events during pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17070. [PMID: 29147575 PMCID: PMC5682879 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much insight has been gained into the mechanisms by which activation of the inflammasome can trigger pyroptosis in mammalian cells, the precise kinetics of the end stages of pyroptosis have not been well characterized. Using time-lapse fluorescent imaging to analyze the kinetics of pyroptosis in individual murine macrophages, we observed distinct stages of cell death and cell lysis. Our data demonstrate that cell membrane permeability resulting from gasdermin D pore formation is coincident with the cessation of cell movement, loss of mitochondrial activity, and cell swelling, events that can be uncoupled from cell lysis. We propose a model of pyroptosis in which cell death can occur independently of cell lysis. The uncoupling of cell death from cell lysis may allow for better control of cytosolic contents upon activation of the inflammasome.
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94
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death mediated by caspases-1/4/5/11. Pancreatic acinar cell death is the major pathophysiological change in early acute pancreatitis (AP), which is an important factor determining its progression and prognosis. Different ways of cell death affect AP progression differently. At present, most scholars believe that the increased proportion of apoptotic cells can mitigate AP, while necrosis has an opposite effect. In our early study, we used electron microscope to observe the morphology of acinar cells and found that there are many cells consistent with the characteristics of pyroptosis. The expression of caspase-1 was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining in acinar cells in AP, which suggests that pyroptosis may play a role in acinar cell death and inflammation. In this review, we review the recent findings regarding the occurrence and modulation of pyroptosis by caspase-1 and inflammsome, and in particular, discuss the potential mechanism and clinical significance of pyroptosis in AP, with an aim to provide new clues to the clinical diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ren Jin
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Wei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
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95
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Kloner RA, Brown DA, Csete M, Dai W, Downey JM, Gottlieb RA, Hale SL, Shi J. New and revisited approaches to preserving the reperfused myocardium. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:679-693. [PMID: 28748958 PMCID: PMC5991096 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early coronary artery reperfusion improves outcomes for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but morbidity and mortality after STEMI remain unacceptably high. The primary deficits seen in these patients include inadequate pump function, owing to rapid infarction of muscle in the first few hours of treatment, and adverse remodelling of the heart in the months that follow. Given that attempts to further reduce myocardial infarct size beyond early reperfusion in clinical trials have so far been disappointing, effective therapies are still needed to protect the reperfused myocardium. In this Review, we discuss several approaches to preserving the reperfused heart, such as therapies that target the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, pyroptosis, and autophagy, as well as treatments that harness the cardioprotective properties of inhaled anaesthetic agents. We also discuss potential therapies focused on correcting the no-reflow phenomenon and its effect on healing and adverse left ventricular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Marie Csete
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90017, USA
| | - Wangde Dai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, 5851 USA Drive North, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Sharon L Hale
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
| | - Jianru Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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96
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Abstract
Recognition of peptidoglycan is integral to detection of gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In a recent issue of Cell, Wolf et al. (2016) report that detection of the N-acetylglucosamine component of peptidoglycan by the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, revealing an intriguing interplay between pathogen detection and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hampton
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Naeha Subramanian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle WA 98109, USA; Departments of Immunology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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97
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McBride MJ, Foley KP, D'Souza DM, Li YE, Lau TC, Hawke TJ, Schertzer JD. The NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to sarcopenia and lower muscle glycolytic potential in old mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E222-E232. [PMID: 28536183 PMCID: PMC5582883 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning decreased skeletal muscle strength and slowing of movement during aging are ill-defined. "Inflammaging," increased inflammation with advancing age, may contribute to aspects of sarcopenia, but little is known about the participatory immune components. We discovered that aging was associated with increased caspase-1 activity in mouse skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that the caspase-1-containing NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to sarcopenia in mice. Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and NLRP3-/- mice were aged to 10 (adult) and 24 mo (old). NLRP3-/- mice were protected from decreased muscle mass (relative to body mass) and decreased size of type IIB and IIA myofibers, which occurred between 10 and 24 mo of age in WT mice. Old NLRP3-/- mice also had increased relative muscle strength and endurance and were protected from age-related increases in the number of myopathic fibers. We found no evidence of age-related or NLRP3-dependent changes in markers of systemic inflammation. Increased caspase-1 activity was associated with GAPDH proteolysis and reduced GAPDH enzymatic activity in skeletal muscles from old WT mice. Aging did not alter caspase-1 activity, GAPDH proteolysis, or GAPDH activity in skeletal muscles of NLRP3-/- mice. Our results show that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in age-related loss of muscle glycolytic potential. Deletion of NLRP3 mitigates both the decline in glycolytic myofiber size and the reduced activity of glycolytic enzymes in muscle during aging. We propose that the etiology of sarcopenia involves direct communication between immune responses and metabolic flux in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Jane McBride
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Donna M D'Souza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yujin E Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor C Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
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98
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Abstract
The inflammasome is a large multimeric protein complex comprising an effector protein that demonstrates specificity for a variety of activators or ligands; an adaptor molecule; and procaspase-1, which is converted to caspase-1 upon inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are expressed primarily by myeloid cells and are located within the cell. The macromolecular inflammasome structure can be visualized by cryo-electron microscopy. This complex has been found to play a role in a variety of disease models in mice, and several have been genetically linked to human diseases. In most cases, the effector protein is a member of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing) or NOD (nucleotide oligomerization domain)-like receptor protein family. However, other effectors have also been described, with the most notable being AIM-2 (absent in melanoma 2), which recognizes DNA to elicit inflammasome function. This review will focus on the role of the inflammasome in myeloid cells and its role in health and disease.
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99
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes formed upon encounter of microbial or damage-associated stimuli. The main output of inflammasome assembly is activation of caspase-1, a protease involved in both pro-inflammatory and host-protective responses. Defined bacterial or viral ligands have been identified for the inflammasome-forming receptors AIM2, NLRP1, and NLRC4. The signals activating other inflammasomes, NLRP3, NLRP6, and pyrin, are less well understood. Recent studies implicated several low-molecular-weight compounds traditionally linked to metabolism, not immunity, in modulation of inflammasome signaling. Furthermore, genetic, pharmacological, or pathogen-mediated interference with energy metabolism also affects inflammasome activation. Here we review the findings on how microbial- and host-derived metabolites regulate activation of the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes. We discuss the different models of how glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism control the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we summarize the findings on metabolic control of pyrin and point to open questions to be addressed to broaden our understanding of metabolism-inflammasome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Centre for Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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100
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Sharma D, Kanneganti TD. The cell biology of inflammasomes: Mechanisms of inflammasome activation and regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:617-29. [PMID: 27325789 PMCID: PMC4915194 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous advances have been made in the role and regulation of inflammasomes during pathogenic and sterile insults. An inflammasome complex comprises a sensor, an adaptor, and a zymogen procaspase-1. The functional output of inflammasome activation includes secretion of cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the intersection of this inflammatory response with fundamental cellular processes. Novel modulators and functions of inflammasome activation conventionally associated with the maintenance of homeostatic biological functions have been uncovered. In this review, we discuss the biological processes involved in the activation and regulation of the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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