51
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Arnal-Levron M, Chen Y, Greimel P, Calevro F, Gaget K, Riols F, Batut A, Bertrand-Michel J, Hullin-Matsuda F, Olkkonen VM, Delton I, Luquain-Costaz C. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate regulates oxysterol binding protein-related protein 11 dependent sterol trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1247-1257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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52
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Pergande MR, Serna‐Perez F, Mohsin SB, Hanek J, Cologna SM. Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Liver of the Symptomatic Niemann–Pick, Type C1 Mouse Model. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800285. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Pergande
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Fidel Serna‐Perez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | | | - Jonathon Hanek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Stephanie M. Cologna
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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53
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Wang X, Schmitt MV, Xu L, Jiao Y, Guo L, Lienau P, Reichel A, Liu X. Quantitative molecular tissue atlas of Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and phosphatidylglycerol membrane lipids in rodent organs generated by methylation assisted high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1084:60-70. [PMID: 31519235 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are structural isomeric phospholipids with very different properties and biological functions. Due to their isomeric nature, it has thus far been challenging to simultaneously quantify BMP and PG lipids in tissue samples by mass spectrometry. Therefore, we have developed a sensitive LC-MS/MS based approach with prior methylation derivatization that is able to handle large batches of samples. Using this high throughput platform, a simulated MS/MS database was established for confident lipid assignment. In this work, we have simultaneously identified and quantified BMP and PG lipid molecules in different body tissues of rats and mice. We report for the first time a quantitative molecular atlas of BMP and PG lipids for 14 different tissues and organs in Wistar rats, NMRI and CD1 mice. Organ- and species-specificity was analyzed and compared for both lipid molecule classes. A total of 34 BMP and 10 PG molecules were quantified, with PG concentrations being generally much higher across tissues than BMP, but BMP lipids showing a much higher molecular diversity between animal organs. The large diversity of the BMP lipids with regard to their abundance and molecular composition suggests distinct biological function(s) of the individual BMP molecules in different tissues and organs of body. Particularly high tissue levels of BMP were seen in spleen, lung, liver, kidney and small intestines, i.e. tissues that are known for their high abundance and/or activity level of lysosomes late and endosomes. Elevated BMP levels in brain tissue of APP/PSEN transgenic compared to age matched wild-type mice were also observed using this platform. This analytical methodology presented a high throughput LC-based approach incorporating simulated MS/MS database to identify and quantify BMP lipids as well as PG molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lina Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lvjun Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Philip Lienau
- Research Pharmacokinetics, Pharma R&D, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichel
- Research Pharmacokinetics, Pharma R&D, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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54
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van Meteren N, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Chevanne M, Gallais I, Gobart D, Burel A, Bucher S, Grova N, Fromenty B, Appenzeller BMR, Chevance S, Gauffre F, Le Ferrec E, Sergent O. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can trigger hepatocyte release of extracellular vesicles by various mechanisms of action depending on their affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:443-462. [PMID: 31368503 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed nanostructures released by cells into the extracellular environment. As major actors of physiological intercellular communication, they have been shown to be pathogenic mediators of several liver diseases. EVs also appear to be potential actors of drug-induced liver injury, but nothing is known concerning environmental pollutants. We aimed to study the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), major contaminants, on hepatocyte-derived EV production, with a special focus on hepatocyte death. Three PAHs were selected, based on their presence in food and their affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR): benzo(a)pyrene (BP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA), and pyrene (PYR). Treatment of primary rat and WIF-B9 hepatocytes by all three PAHs increased the release of EVs, mainly comprised of exosomes, in parallel with modifying exosome protein marker expression and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, PAH treatment of rodents for three months also led to increased EV levels in plasma. The EV release involved CYP metabolism and the activation of the transcription factor, the AhR, for BP and DBA and another transcription factor, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), for PYR. Furthermore, all PAHs increased cholesterol levels in EVs but only BP and DBA were able to reduce the cholesterol content of total cell membranes. All cholesterol changes very likely participated in the increase in EV release and cell death. Finally, we studied changes in cell membrane fluidity caused by BP and DBA due to cholesterol depletion. Our data showed increased cell membrane fluidity, which contributed to hepatocyte EV release and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nettie van Meteren
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dimitri Gobart
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)-UMR_S1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lorraine University, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)-UMR_S1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Soizic Chevance
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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55
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Javier-Reyna R, Montaño S, García-Rivera G, Rodríguez MA, González-Robles A, Orozco E. EhRabB mobilises the EhCPADH complex through the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis of Entamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13071. [PMID: 31219662 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Movement and phagocytosis are clue events in colonisation and invasion of tissues by Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan causative of human amoebiasis. During phagocytosis, EhRab proteins interact with other functional molecules, conducting them to the precise cellular site. The gene encoding EhrabB is located in the complementary chain of the DNA fragment containing Ehcp112 and Ehadh genes, which encode for the proteins of the EhCPADH complex, involved in phagocytosis. This particular genetic organisation suggests that the three corresponding proteins may be functionally related. Here, we studied the relationship of EhRabB with EhCPADH and actin during phagocytosis. First, we obtained the EhRabB 3D structure to carry out docking analysis to predict the interaction sites involved in the EhRabB protein and the EhCPADH complex contact. By confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we revealed the interaction among these proteins when they move through different vesicles formed during phagocytosis. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in this event was also confirmed using Latrunculin A to interfere with actin polymerisation. This affected the movement of EhRabB and EhCPADH, as well as the rate of phagocytosis. Mutant trophozoites, silenced in EhrabB gene, evidenced the interaction of this molecule with EhCPADH and strengthened the role of actin during erythrophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Javier-Reyna
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (FCQB-UAS), Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | | | | | | | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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56
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Moreau D, Vacca F, Vossio S, Scott C, Colaco A, Paz Montoya J, Ferguson C, Damme M, Moniatte M, Parton RG, Platt FM, Gruenberg J. Drug-induced increase in lysobisphosphatidic acid reduces the cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells and mice. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47055. [PMID: 31267706 PMCID: PMC6607015 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells acquire cholesterol by endocytosis of circulating low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). After cholesteryl ester de-esterification in endosomes, free cholesterol is redistributed to intracellular membranes via unclear mechanisms. Our previous work suggested that the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) may play a role in modulating the cholesterol flux through endosomes. In this study, we used the Prestwick library of FDA-approved compounds in a high-content, image-based screen of the endosomal lipids, lysobisphosphatidic acid and LDL-derived cholesterol. We report that thioperamide maleate, an inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor HRH3, increases highly selectively the levels of lysobisphosphatidic acid, without affecting any endosomal protein or function that we tested. Our data also show that thioperamide significantly reduces the endosome cholesterol overload in fibroblasts from patients with the cholesterol storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), as well as in liver of Npc1-/- mice. We conclude that LBPA controls endosomal cholesterol mobilization and export to cellular destinations, perhaps by fluidifying or buffering cholesterol in endosomal membranes, and that thioperamide has repurposing potential for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Moreau
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of GenevaGeneva 4Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of GenevaGeneva 4Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vossio
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of GenevaGeneva 4Switzerland
| | - Cameron Scott
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of GenevaGeneva 4Switzerland
| | | | | | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Center for Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Markus Damme
- Biochemisches InstitutChristian‐Albrechts‐UniversitätKielGermany
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Mass Spectrometry Core FacilityEPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Center for Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of GenevaGeneva 4Switzerland
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57
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Alrosan A, Aleidi SM, Yang A, Brown AJ, Gelissen IC. The Adaptor Protein Alix is Involved in the Interaction Between the Ubiquitin Ligase NEDD4-1 and its Targets, ABCG1 and ABCG4. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2714. [PMID: 31159502 PMCID: PMC6600606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCG1 and the related ABCG4, are essential regulators of cellular lipid homeostasis. ABCG1 is expressed ubiquitously and is functional in the context of atherosclerosis. However, ABCG4 is expressed almost exclusively in brain and has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). These transporters are highly regulated post-translationally by E3 ubiquitin ligases, with the ligase NEDD4-1 (Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4) implicated in their protein stability. In this study, we investigated interacting partners of ABCG1 using peptide-mass spectrometry and identified the potential adaptor protein, Alix (apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X). In this paper, we hypothesized and investigated whether Alix could facilitate the interaction between NEDD4-1 and the ABC transporters. We showed that Alix and NEDD4-1 proteins were co-expressed in several commonly used cell lines. Knockdown of Alix in cells overexpressing ABCG1 or ABCG4 increased transporter protein expression while co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed interaction between NEDD4-1, Alix, and ABC transporters. In summary, we provide evidence that Alix serves as a co-factor for the interaction between the E3-ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1 and the ABC transporter targets, ABCG1 and ABCG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Alrosan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Shereen M Aleidi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Alryel Yang
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ingrid C Gelissen
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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58
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Marcos AL, Corradi GR, Mazzitelli LR, Casali CI, Fernández Tome MDC, Adamo HP, de Tezanos Pinto F. The Parkinson-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 modifies lipid homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182993. [PMID: 31132336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ATP13A2 gene (PARK9, CLN12, OMIM 610513) were initially associated with a form of Parkinson's Disease (PD) known as Kufor Rakeb Syndrome (KRS). However, the genetic spectrum of ATP13A2-associated disorders was expanded in the last years, because it has been found to underlay variants of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCLs) and hereditary spastic paraplegia. As ATP13A2 seems to be a key component of the endo-lysosome pathway, the fact that these pathologies are commonly characterized by endo-lysosomal dysfunction is not surprising. Here we report that increasing the level of functional ATP13A2 in a stable SH-SY5Y cell line disrupts lipid homeostasis. ATP13A2 overexpression increases the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent analog phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and the formation of multilamellar bodies, resembling the so-called "drug-induced phospholipidosis". We also found that expression of ATP13A2 reduces the ceramide-fluorescence intensity and the content of bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate (BMP). BMP is required for lipid degradation and exosome biogenesis inside acidic compartments, so this result suggests that ATP13A2 may be modifying the lipid digestion capacity and/or the redistribution of lipids in these subcellular organelles. In addition, ATP13A2-overexpression decreased the total content of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol and lipid droplets. As TGs are necessary for the synthesis of new membranes, this observation suggests that increasing the function of ATP13A2 switches the endo-lysosomal system towards vesicle secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Lucía Marcos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Raul Corradi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Romina Mazzitelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Irene Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Pedro Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felicitas de Tezanos Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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59
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Malhotra P, Soni V, Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Suzuki H, Gill RK, Saksena S, Dudeja PK, Alrefai WA. Mechanisms of Niemann-Pick type C1 Like 1 protein degradation in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C559-C566. [PMID: 30789754 PMCID: PMC6482670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00465.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein plays a key role in cholesterol absorption. A decrease in NPC1L1 expression has been implicated in lowering plasma cholesterol and mitigating the risk for coronary heart disease. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for NPC1L1 protein degradation that upon activation may lead to a reduction in NPC1L1 protein levels in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In current studies, the human intestinal Caco-2 and HuTu-80 cell lines expressing NPC1L1-hemagglutinin fusion protein were used to investigate the mechanisms of NPC1L1 protein degradation. Incubation with the proteasome inhibitors MG-132 and lactacystin (10 μM, 24 h) significantly increased NPC1L1 protein levels in IECs. Also, the inhibition of the lysosomal pathway with bafilomycin A1 (80 nM, 24 h) resulted in a significant increase in NPC1L1 protein levels. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that NPC1L1 protein is both a poly- and monoubiquinated polypeptide and that the inhibition of the proteasomal pathway remarkably increased the level of the polyubiquinated NPC1L1. The surface expression of NPC1L1 was increased by the inhibition of both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (PD-98059, 15 μM, 24 h) and siRNA silencing of ERK1/2 resulted in a significant decrease in NPC1L1 protein levels in IECs. In conclusion, our results showed that basal level of intestinal cholesterol transporter NPC1L1 protein is modulated by both ubiquitin proteasome- and lysosome-dependent degradation as well as by ERK1/2-dependent pathway. The modulation of these pathways may provide novel clues for therapeutic intervention to inhibit cholesterol absorption and lower plasma cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Malhotra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vinay Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yoshihide Yamanashi
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seema Saksena
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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60
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Vacca F, Vossio S, Mercier V, Moreau D, Johnson S, Scott CC, Montoya JP, Moniatte M, Gruenberg J. Cyclodextrin triggers MCOLN1-dependent endo-lysosome secretion in Niemann-Pick type C cells. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:832-843. [PMID: 30709900 PMCID: PMC6446697 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In specialized cell types, lysosome-related organelles support regulated secretory pathways, whereas in nonspecialized cells, lysosomes can undergo fusion with the plasma membrane in response to a transient rise in cytosolic calcium. Recent evidence also indicates that lysosome secretion can be controlled transcriptionally and promote clearance in lysosome storage diseases. In addition, evidence is also accumulating that low concentrations of cyclodextrins reduce the cholesterol-storage phenotype in cells and animals with the cholesterol storage disease Niemann-Pick type C, via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that cyclodextrin triggers the secretion of the endo/lysosomal content in nonspecialized cells and that this mechanism is responsible for the decreased cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells. We also find that the secretion of the endo/lysosome content occurs via a mechanism dependent on the endosomal calcium channel mucolipin-1, as well as FYCO1, the AP1 adaptor, and its partner Gadkin. We conclude that endo-lysosomes in nonspecialized cells can acquire secretory functions elicited by cyclodextrin and that this pathway is responsible for the decrease in cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick C cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vossio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Moreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Shem Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Cameron C Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland.
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61
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Role of the Endocytosis of Caveolae in Intracellular Signaling and Metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 57:203-234. [PMID: 30097777 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are 60-80 nm invaginated plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains, with a specific lipid and protein composition, which assist and regulate multiple processes in the plasma membrane-ranging from the organization of signalling complexes to the mechanical adaptation to changes in PM tension. However, since their initial descriptions, these structures have additionally been found tightly linked to internalization processes, mechanoadaptation, to the regulation of signalling events and of endosomal trafficking. Here, we review caveolae biology from this perspective, and its implications for cell physiology and disease.
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Brock DJ, Kondow-McConaghy HM, Hager EC, Pellois JP. Endosomal Escape and Cytosolic Penetration of Macromolecules Mediated by Synthetic Delivery Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:293-304. [PMID: 30462487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell delivery reagents often exploit the endocytic pathway as a route of cell entry. Once endocytosed, these reagents must overcome endosomal entrapment to ensure the release of their macromolecular cargo into the cytosol of cells. In this review, we describe several examples of prototypical synthetic reagents that are capable of endosomal escape and examine their mechanisms of action, their efficiencies, and their effects on cells. Although these delivery systems are chemically distinct, some commonalities in how they interact with cellular membranes can be inferred. This, in turn, sheds some light on the process of endosomal escape, and may help guide the development and optimization of next-generation delivery tools.
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Cesselli D, Parisse P, Aleksova A, Veneziano C, Cervellin C, Zanello A, Beltrami AP. Extracellular Vesicles: How Drug and Pathology Interfere With Their Biogenesis and Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1394. [PMID: 30327618 PMCID: PMC6174233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are at the center of an intense activity of investigation, both for their possible employment as biomarkers of ongoing pathologic processes and for their broad range of biological activities. EV can promote tissue repair in very different pathologic settings, including hindlimb and myocardial ischemia. Importantly, the exact mode of action of EV is still partly understood, since they may act by modulating growth factors and cytokines, signaling pathways, and by transferring non-coding RNAs to target cells. However, the term EV identifies cell derived, enveloped particles very heterogeneous in size, composition, and biogenesis. Therefore, part of the controversies on the biological effects exerted by EV is a consequence of differences in methods of separation that result in the enrichment of different entities. Since technical challenges still hamper the highly specific sorting of different EV subpopulations, up to now only few investigators have tried to verify differences in the biological effects of specific EV subtypes. This review summarizes the current state of the art on the comprehension of mechanisms involved in EV biogenesis and release, which is a prerequisite for understanding and investigating the impact that pathology and drug therapy may exert on the secretion and composition of EV. Finally, we described both the mechanism involved in the modulation of EV secretion by drugs commonly used in patients affected by heart failure, and how pathophysiological mechanisms involved in heart disease modify EV secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste - University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zanello
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Cholesterol Accumulation Is a Host Cell-Protective Mechanism Inhibiting Endosomal Escape of Influenza A Virus. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01345-18. [PMID: 30042202 PMCID: PMC6058292 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01345-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To transfer the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm, internalized influenza A virus (IAV) particles depend on the fusion of the IAV envelope with host endosomal membranes. The antiviral host interferon (IFN) response includes the upregulation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), which inhibits the release of the viral content into the cytosol. Although IFITM3 induction occurs concomitantly with late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/L) cholesterol accumulation, the functional significance of this process is not well understood. Here we report that LE/L cholesterol accumulation itself plays a pivotal role in the early antiviral defense. We demonstrate that inducing LE/L cholesterol accumulation is antiviral in non-IFN-primed cells, restricting incoming IAV particles and impairing mixing of IAV/endosomal membrane lipids. Our results establish a protective function of LE/L cholesterol accumulation and suggest endosomal cholesterol balance as a possible antiviral target. With annual epidemics occurring in all parts of the world and the risk of global outbreaks, influenza A virus (IAV) infections remain a major threat to public health. Infected host cells detect viral components and mount an interferon (IFN)-mediated response to restrict virus propagation and spread of infection. Identification of cellular factors and underlying mechanisms that establish such an antiviral state can provide novel strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. The contribution of LE/L cholesterol levels, especially in the context of the IFN-induced antiviral response, has remained controversial so far. Here, we report that accumulation of cholesterol in the LE/L compartment contributes to the IFN-induced host cell defense against incoming IAV. Our results establish cholesterol accumulation in LE/L per se as a novel antiviral barrier and suggest the endosomal cholesterol balance as a putative druggable host cell factor in IAV infection.
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Vosse C, Wienken C, Cadenas C, Hayen H. Separation and identification of phospholipids by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem high resolution mass spectrometry with focus on isomeric phosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:105-113. [PMID: 29983166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lipid composition of cells or tissue are often linked to various diseases. Studies indicate alterations of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) species in diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an extended phospholipid profiling method based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and data-dependent MS/MS acquisition was developed to separate and unambiguously identify BMP species. Lipid species identification was based on retention time, accurate mass and specific MS/MS fragments. The developed method was applied in a proof of concept study to lipid extracts of a cell culture model of conditional oncogene overexpression in MCF-7/NeuT breast cancer cells. Comparison of control and oncogene-induced MCF-7/NeuT breast cancer cells showed changes in BMP species distribution. Thereby, a shift from long-chain to shorter-chain fatty acid composition in BMP species was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vosse
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Wienken
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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66
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Rentero C, Blanco-Muñoz P, Meneses-Salas E, Grewal T, Enrich C. Annexins-Coordinators of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Endocytic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1444. [PMID: 29757220 PMCID: PMC5983649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of calcium (Ca2+) storage in late endosomes (LE) and lysosomes (Lys) is increasingly recognized to influence a variety of membrane trafficking events, including endocytosis, exocytosis, and autophagy. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis within the LE/Lys compartment are implicated in human diseases, ranging from lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) to neurodegeneration and cancer, and they correlate with changes in the membrane binding behaviour of Ca2+-binding proteins. This also includes Annexins (AnxA), which is a family of Ca2+-binding proteins participating in membrane traffic and tethering, microdomain organization, cytoskeleton interactions, Ca2+ signalling, and LE/Lys positioning. Although our knowledge regarding the way Annexins contribute to LE/Lys functions is still incomplete, recruitment of Annexins to LE/Lys is greatly influenced by the availability of Annexin bindings sites, including acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), cholesterol, and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). Moreover, the cytosolic portion of LE/Lys membrane proteins may also, directly or indirectly, determine the recruitment of Annexins to LE. Strikingly, within LE/Lys, AnxA1, A2, A6, and A8 differentially contribute to cholesterol transport along the endocytic route, in particular, cholesterol transfer between LE and other compartments, positioning Annexins at the centre of major pathways mediating cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Underlying mechanisms include the formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) and intraluminal vesicles (ILV), as well as the modulation of LE-cholesterol transporter activity. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding how Annexins contribute to influence LE/Lys membrane transport and associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Patricia Blanco-Muñoz
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Miller CM, Wan WB, Seth PP, Harris EN. Endosomal Escape of Antisense Oligonucleotides Internalized by Stabilin Receptors Is Regulated by Rab5C and EEA1 During Endosomal Maturation. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:86-96. [PMID: 29437530 PMCID: PMC5899299 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2017.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation (Gen 2) Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) show increased nuclease stability and affinity for their RNA targets, which has translated to improved potency and therapeutic index in the clinic. Gen 2 ASOs are typically modified using the phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modification, which enhances ASO interactions with plasma, cell surface, and intracellular proteins. This facilitates ASO distribution to peripheral tissues and also promotes cellular uptake after injection into animals. Previous work identified that Stabilin receptors specifically internalize PS-ASOs in the sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and the spleen. By modulating expression of specific proteins involved in the trafficking and maturation of the endolysosomal compartments, we show that Rab5C and EEA1 in the early endosomal pathway, and Rab7A and lysobisphosphatidic acid in the late endosomal pathway, are important for trafficking of PS-ASOs and facilitate their escape from endolysosomal compartments after Stabilin-mediated internalization. In conclusion, this work identifies key rate-limiting proteins in the pathway for PS-ASO translocation and escape from the endosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton M Miller
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - W Brad Wan
- 2 Ionis Pharmaceuticals , Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Edward N Harris
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska
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69
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Lam SM, Wang R, Miao H, Li B, Shui G. An integrated method for direct interrogation of sphingolipid homeostasis in the heart and brain tissues of mice through postnatal development up to reproductive senescence. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:152-158. [PMID: 30292289 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of rapid metabolomic methods poised for pathway discovery is expected to facilitate the identification of therapeutic candidates in the metabolomic approach to translational medicine. Using sphingolipid homeostasis as a prototype, we present herein an integrated method to facilitate a fast interrogation of altered sphingolipid (and phospholipid) metabolism associated with perturbed endolysosomal functions in mammalian systems. Constructed upon high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, this method allows semi-quantitative measurements of more than 300 individual species within 20 min. The method was applied to investigate cardiac- and neural-specific developmental changes in sphingolipid regulation from the postnatal stage to reproductive senescence in mice, revealing that endogenous lysobisphosphatidic acids and specific complex glycosphingolipids are tightly co-regulated to foster concerted reductions in sphingolipid levels at distinct stages of postnatal development. Our lipidomic data suggest that such changing regulatory patterns in sphingolipid homeostasis is attributed to differential endolysosomal degradation of complex sphingolipids, which may be critical in ensuring efficient sphingolipid catabolism and organismal health at each stage of postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Raoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Integration of the Endocytic System into the Network of Cellular Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 57:39-63. [PMID: 30097771 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of physiologic cellular functions and homeostasis requires highly coordinated interactions between different cellular compartments. In this regard, the endocytic system, which plays a key role in cargo internalization and trafficking within the cell, participates in upkeep of intracellular dynamics, while communicating with multiple organelles. This chapter will discuss the function of endosomes from a standpoint of cellular integration. We will present examples of different types of interactions between endosomes and other cellular compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, the plasma membrane (PM), and the nuclear envelope. In addition, we will describe the incorporation of endocytic components, such as endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins and Rab small GTPases, into cellular processes that operate outside of the endolysosomal pathway. The significance of endosomal interactions for processes such as signaling regulation, intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics, metabolic control, and homeostatic responses will be reviewed. Accumulating data indicate that beyond its involvement in cargo transport, the endocytic pathway is comprehensively integrated into other systems of the cell and plays multiple roles in the complex net of cellular functions.
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71
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Anderson DMG, Ablonczy Z, Koutalos Y, Hanneken AM, Spraggins JM, Calcutt MW, Crouch RK, Caprioli RM, Schey KL. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate lipids in the retinal pigment epithelium implicate lysosomal/endosomal dysfunction in a model of Stargardt disease and human retinas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17352. [PMID: 29229934 PMCID: PMC5725462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stargardt disease is a juvenile onset retinal degeneration, associated with elevated levels of lipofuscin and its bis-retinoid components, such as N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). However, the pathogenesis of Stargardt is still poorly understood and targeted treatments are not available. Utilizing high spatial and high mass resolution matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we determined alterations of lipid profiles specifically localized to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in Abca4 -/- Stargardt model mice compared to their relevant background strain. Extensive analysis by LC-MS/MS in both positive and negative ion mode was required to accurately confirm the identity of one highly expressed lipid class, bis(monoacylgylercoro)phosphate (BMP) lipids, and to distinguish them from isobaric species. The same BMP lipids were also detected in the RPE of healthy human retina. BMP lipids have been previously associated with the endosomal/lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and have been reported to regulate cholesterol levels in endosomes. These results suggest that perturbations in lipid metabolism associated with late endosomal/lysosomal dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of Stargardt disease and is evidenced in human retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M G Anderson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zsolt Ablonczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Preclinical Department, Ora Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Yiannis Koutalos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anne M Hanneken
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rosalie K Crouch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Kirkegaard T, Gray J, Priestman DA, Wallom KL, Atkins J, Olsen OD, Klein A, Drndarski S, Petersen NHT, Ingemann L, Smith DA, Morris L, Bornæs C, Jørgensen SH, Williams I, Hinsby A, Arenz C, Begley D, Jäättelä M, Platt FM. Heat shock protein-based therapy as a potential candidate for treating the sphingolipidoses. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:355ra118. [PMID: 27605553 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) often manifest with severe systemic and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. The existing treatment options are limited and have no or only modest efficacy against neurological manifestations of disease. We demonstrate that recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) improves the binding of several sphingolipid-degrading enzymes to their essential cofactor bis(monoacyl)glycerophosphate in vitro. HSP70 treatment reversed lysosomal pathology in primary fibroblasts from 14 patients with eight different LSDs. HSP70 penetrated effectively into murine tissues including the CNS and inhibited glycosphingolipid accumulation in murine models of Fabry disease (Gla(-/-)), Sandhoff disease (Hexb(-/-)), and Niemann-Pick disease type C (Npc1(-/-)) and attenuated a wide spectrum of disease-associated neurological symptoms in Hexb(-/-) and Npc1(-/-) mice. Oral administration of arimoclomol, a small-molecule coinducer of HSPs that is currently in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), recapitulated the effects of recombinant human HSP70, suggesting that heat shock protein-based therapies merit clinical evaluation for treating LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Gray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Jennifer Atkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ole Dines Olsen
- Orphazyme ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark. Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling, and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Klein
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lauren Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Ian Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Begley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling, and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Lecommandeur E, Baker D, Cox TM, Nicholls AW, Griffin JL. Alterations in endo-lysosomal function induce similar hepatic lipid profiles in rodent models of drug-induced phospholipidosis and Sandhoff disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1306-1314. [PMID: 28377426 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m073395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) is characterized by an increase in the phospholipid content of the cell and the accumulation of drugs and lipids inside the lysosomes of affected tissues, including in the liver. Although of uncertain pathological significance for patients, the condition remains a major impediment for the clinical development of new drugs. Human Sandhoff disease (SD) is caused by inherited defects of the β subunit of lysosomal β-hexosaminidases (Hex) A and B, leading to a large array of symptoms, including neurodegeneration and ultimately death by the age of 4 in its most common form. The substrates of Hex A and B, gangliosides GM2 and GA2, accumulate inside the lysosomes of the CNS and in peripheral organs. Given that both DIPL and SD are associated with lysosomes and lipid metabolism in general, we measured the hepatic lipid profiles in rodent models of these two conditions using untargeted LC/MS to examine potential commonalities. Both model systems shared a number of perturbed lipid pathways, notably those involving metabolism of cholesteryl esters, lysophosphatidylcholines, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates, and ceramides. We report here profound alterations in lipid metabolism in the SD liver. In addition, DIPL induced a wide range of lipid changes not previously observed in the liver, highlighting similarities with those detected in the model of SD and raising concerns that these lipid changes may be associated with underlying pathology associated with lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lecommandeur
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Bolaños J, Betanzos A, Javier-Reyna R, García- Rivera G, Huerta M, Pais-Morales J, González-Robles A, Rodríguez MA, Schnoor M, Orozco E. EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 Proteins Participate in Trafficking of Exogenous Cholesterol in Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites: Relevance for Phagocytosis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006089. [PMID: 28002502 PMCID: PMC5176366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica, the highly phagocytic protozoan causative of human amoebiasis lacks the machinery to synthesize cholesterol. Here, we investigated the presence of NPC1 and NPC2 proteins in this parasite, which are involved in cholesterol trafficking in mammals. Bioinformatics analysis revealed one Ehnpc1 and two Ehnpc2 genes. EhNPC1 appeared as a transmembrane protein and both EhNPC2 as peripheral membrane proteins. Molecular docking predicted that EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 bind cholesterol and interact with each other. Genes and proteins were identified in trophozoites. Serum pulse-chase and confocal microscopy assays unveiled that after trophozoites sensed the cholesterol source, EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 were organized around the plasma membrane in a punctuated pattern. Vesicles emerged and increased in number and size and some appeared full of cholesterol with EhNPC1 or EhNPC2 facing the extracellular space. Both proteins, but mostly EhNPC2, were found out of the cell associated with cholesterol. EhNPC1 and cholesterol formed networks from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. EhNPC2 appeared in erythrocytes that were being ingested by trophozoites, co-localizing with cholesterol of erythrocytes, whereas EhNPC1 surrounded the phagocytic cup. EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 co-localized with EhSERCA in the endoplasmic reticulum and with lysobisphosphatidic acid and EhADH (an Alix protein) in phagolysosomes. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 association with cholesterol, EhRab7A and EhADH. Serum starved and blockage of cholesterol trafficking caused a low rate of phagocytosis and incapability of trophozoites to produce damage in the mouse colon. Ehnpc1 and Ehnpc2 knockdown provoked in trophozoites a lower intracellular cholesterol concentration and a diminished rate of phagocytosis; and Ehnpc1 silencing also produced a decrease of trophozoites movement. Trafficking of EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 during cholesterol uptake and phagocytosis as well as their association with molecules involved in endocytosis strongly suggest that these proteins play a key role in cholesterol uptake. NPC1 and NPC2 proteins are involved in cholesterol trafficking in mammals. Using different approaches, we have detected the orthologues EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 proteins in Entamoeba histolytica. Trophozoites are particularly rich in membranes and vacuoles, but they do not possess the machinery to synthetize cholesterol. Thus, they are completely dependent on molecules able to “fish” cholesterol from the medium. The relevance of our findings lies in the fact that cholesterol is fundamental for endocytosis and motility; and, phagocytosis is an important nutritional and virulence factor for E. histolytica. In silico and experimental strategies, using U18666A to arrest cholesterol trafficking, as well as, knockdown mutants, showed that EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 participate in cholesterol uptake and trafficking in this parasite. They are secreted by trophozoites and directly involved in erythrophagocytosis and motility. Our findings revealed E. histolytica as one of the first protozoa in which these proteins are being characterized. Moreover, E. histolytica provides an excellent and less complicated model to elucidate the intricate event of cholesterol trafficking in eukaryotic cells. The relevance of cholesterol transport for the parasite virulence and the involvement of EhNPC1 and EhNPC2 in this process, make these proteins promising targets for therapy strategies development against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeni Bolaños
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
- Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, D.F., México
| | - Rosario Javier-Reyna
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Guillermina García- Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Jonnatan Pais-Morales
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Arturo González-Robles
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
- * E-mail:
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75
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Ismael FO, Barrett TJ, Sheipouri D, Brown BE, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Role of Myeloperoxidase Oxidants in the Modulation of Cellular Lysosomal Enzyme Function: A Contributing Factor to Macrophage Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168844. [PMID: 27997605 PMCID: PMC5173366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major source of lipid within atherosclerotic lesions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is present in lesions and forms the reactive oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN). These oxidants modify LDL and have been strongly linked with the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effect of HOCl, HOSCN and LDL pre-treated with these oxidants on the function of lysosomal enzymes responsible for protein catabolism and lipid hydrolysis in murine macrophage-like J774A.1 cells. In each case, the cells were exposed to HOCl or HOSCN or LDL pre-treated with these oxidants. Lysosomal cathepsin (B, L and D) and acid lipase activities were quantified, with cathepsin and LAMP-1 protein levels determined by Western blotting. Exposure of J774A.1 cells to HOCl or HOSCN resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of the Cys-dependent cathepsins B and L, but not the Asp-dependent cathepsin D. Cathepsins B and L were also inhibited in macrophages exposed to HOSCN-modified, and to a lesser extent, HOCl-modified LDL. No change was seen in cathepsin D activity or the expression of the cathepsin proteins or lysosomal marker protein LAMP-1. The activity of lysosomal acid lipase was also decreased on treatment of macrophages with each modified LDL. Taken together, these results suggest that HOCl, HOSCN and LDL modified by these oxidants could contribute to lysosomal dysfunction and thus perturb the cellular processing of LDL, which could be important during the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd O. Ismael
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tessa J. Barrett
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diba Sheipouri
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn E. Brown
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J. Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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76
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Ciesielska A, Sas-Nowosielska H, Kwiatkowska K. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate inhibits TLR4-dependent RANTES production in macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 83:15-26. [PMID: 27939812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which help eradicate the bacteria but could also be harmful when overproduced. The signaling activity of TLR4 is modulated by cholesterol level in cellular membranes, which in turn is affected by bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a phospholipid enriched in late endosomes. We found that exogenously added BMP isomers become incorporated into the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles of macrophages and strongly reduced LPS-stimulated production of a chemokine RANTES, which was correlated with inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) controlling Rantes expression. To investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of BMP on TLR4 signaling we applied Laurdan and studied the impact of BMP incorporation on lipid packing, a measure for membrane order. Enrichment of model and cellular membranes with BMP significantly reduced their order and the reduction was maintained during stimulation of cells with LPS. This effect of BMP was abolished by enrichment of macrophages with cholesterol. In parallel, the inhibitory effect of BMP exerted on the TLR4-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 was also reversed. Taken together our results indicate that BMP reduces the order of macrophage membranes which contributes to the inhibition of TLR4-dependent RANTES production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory for Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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77
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Wahlster L, Bartz F, Werenbeck-Ueding J, Praggastis M, Zhang J, Joggerst-Thomalla B, Theiss S, Grimm D, Ory DS, Runz H. Reduction of TMEM97 increases NPC1 protein levels and restores cholesterol trafficking in Niemann-pick type C1 disease cells. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3588-3599. [PMID: 27378690 PMCID: PMC5179952 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is a progressive lysosomal lipid storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes. NPC1 is essential for transporting cholesterol and other lipids out of lysosomes, but little is known about the mechanisms that control its cellular abundance and localization. Here we show that a reduction of TMEM97, a cholesterol-responsive NPC1-binding protein, increases NPC1 levels in cells through a post-transcriptional mechanism. Reducing TMEM97 through RNA-interference reduces lysosomal lipid storage and restores cholesterol trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum in cell models of NP-C. In TMEM97 knockdown cells, NPC1 levels can be reinstated with wild type TMEM97, but not TMEM97 missing an ER-retention signal suggesting that TMEM97 contributes to controlling the availability of NPC1 to the cell. Importantly, knockdown of TMEM97 also increases levels of residual NPC1 in NPC1-mutant patient fibroblasts and reduces cholesterol storage in an NPC1-dependent manner. Our findings propose TMEM97 inhibition as a novel strategy to increase residual NPC1 levels in cells and a potential therapeutic target for NP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
| | | | - Maria Praggastis
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessie Zhang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Susanne Theiss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Center for Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant BQ0030, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heiko Runz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg/European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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78
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Mahmutefendić H, Blagojević Zagorac G, Grabušić K, Karleuša L, Maćešić S, Momburg F, Lučin P. Late Endosomal Recycling of Open MHC-I Conformers. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:872-887. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mahmutefendić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | | | | | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Senka Maćešić
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Physics, Foreign Languages and Kinesiology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Pero Lučin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
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79
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Mercier V, Laporte MH, Destaing O, Blot B, Blouin CM, Pernet-Gallay K, Chatellard C, Saoudi Y, Albiges-Rizo C, Lamaze C, Fraboulet S, Petiot A, Sadoul R. ALG-2 interacting protein-X (Alix) is essential for clathrin-independent endocytosis and signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26986. [PMID: 27244115 PMCID: PMC4886688 DOI: 10.1038/srep26986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and the biological functions of clathrin independent endocytosis (CIE) remain largely elusive. Alix (ALG-2 interacting protein X), has been assigned roles in membrane deformation and fission both in endosomes and at the plasma membrane. Using Alix ko cells, we show for the first time that Alix regulates fluid phase endocytosis and internalization of cargoes entering cells via CIE, but has no apparent effect on clathrin mediated endocytosis or downstream endosomal trafficking. We show that Alix acts with endophilin-A to promote CIE of cholera toxin and to regulate cell migration. We also found that Alix is required for fast endocytosis and downstream signaling of the interleukin-2 receptor giving a first indication that CIE is necessary for activation of at least some surface receptors. In addition to characterizing a new function for Alix, our results highlight Alix ko cells as a unique tool to unravel the biological consequences of CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mercier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Béatrice Blot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric M Blouin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1143, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Chatellard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yasmina Saoudi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1143, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Petiot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Sadoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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80
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Najjar K, Truong D, Wang TY, Brock DJ, Prater AR, Pellois JP. The Late Endosome and Its Lipid BMP Act as Gateways for Efficient Cytosolic Access of the Delivery Agent dfTAT and Its Macromolecular Cargos. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:598-607. [PMID: 27161484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal entrapment is a severely limiting bottleneck in the delivery of biologics into cells. The compound dfTAT was recently found to circumvent this problem by mediating endosomal leakage efficiently and without toxicity. Herein, we report on the mechanism of endosomal escape of this cell-penetrating peptide. By modulating the trafficking of the peptide within the endocytic pathway, we identify late endosomes as the organelles rendered leaky by dfTAT. We establish that dfTAT binds bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a lipid found in late endosomes, and that the peptide causes the fusion and leakage of bilayers containing BMP. Together, these data identify late endosomes as desirable gateways for cell penetration and BMP as a cellular factor that can be exploited for the development of future delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kristina Najjar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dat Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dakota J Brock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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81
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Davidson CD, Fishman YI, Puskás I, Szemán J, Sohajda T, McCauliff LA, Sikora J, Storch J, Vanier MT, Szente L, Walkley SU, Dobrenis K. Efficacy and ototoxicity of different cyclodextrins in Niemann-Pick C disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:366-80. [PMID: 27231706 PMCID: PMC4863749 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorder characterized by intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC) and other lipids. While its mechanism of action remains unresolved, administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has provided the greatest disease amelioration in animal models but is ototoxic. We evaluated other cyclodextrins (CDs) for treatment outcome and chemical interaction with disease-relevant substrates that could pertain to mechanism. METHODS NPC disease mice treated for 2 weeks with nine different CDs were evaluated for UC, and GM2 and GM3 ganglioside accumulation using immunohisto/cytochemical and biochemical assays. Auditory brainstem responses were determined in wild-type mice administered CDs. CD complexation with UC, gangliosides, and other lipids was quantified. RESULTS Four HPβCDs varying in degrees of substitution, including one currently in clinical trial, showed equivalent storage reduction, while other CDs showed significant differences in relative ototoxicity and efficacy, with reductions similar for the brain and liver. Importantly, HPγCD and two sulfobutylether-CDs showed efficacy with reduced ototoxicity. Complexation studies showed: incomplete correlation between CD efficacy and UC solubilization; an inverse correlation for ganglioside complexation; substantial interaction with several relevant lipids; and association between undesirable increases of UC storage in Kupffer cells and UC solubilization. INTERPRETATION CDs other than HPβCD identified here may provide disease amelioration without ototoxicity and merit long-term treatment studies. While direct interactions of CD-UC are thought central to the mechanism of correction, the data show that this does not strictly correlate with complexation ability and suggest interactions with other NPC disease-relevant substrates should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin D. Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceRose F. Kennedy Center Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Yonatan I. Fishman
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceRose F. Kennedy Center Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - István Puskás
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd.BudapestH‐1097Hungary
| | - Julianna Szemán
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd.BudapestH‐1097Hungary
| | - Tamás Sohajda
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd.BudapestH‐1097Hungary
| | - Leslie A. McCauliff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid ResearchRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey08901
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceRose F. Kennedy Center Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University in Prague and General University Hospital in PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid ResearchRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey08901
| | - Marie T. Vanier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUnit 820; EA4611 Lyon‐1 UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd.BudapestH‐1097Hungary
| | - Steven U. Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceRose F. Kennedy Center Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceRose F. Kennedy Center Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
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82
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Montaño S, Orozco E, Correa-Basurto J, Bello M, Chávez-Munguía B, Betanzos A. Heterodimerization of the Entamoeba histolytica EhCPADH virulence complex through molecular dynamics and protein-protein docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:486-503. [PMID: 26861050 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1151831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
EhCPADH is a protein complex involved in the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan responsible for human amebiasis. It is formed by the EhCP112 cysteine protease and the EhADH adhesin. To explore the molecular basis of the complex formation, three-dimensional models were built for both proteins and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and docking calculations were performed. Results predicted that the pEhCP112 proenzyme and the mEhCP112 mature enzyme were globular and peripheral membrane proteins. Interestingly, in pEhCP112, the propeptide appeared hiding the catalytic site (C167, H329, N348); while in mEhCP112, this site was exposed and its residues were found structurally closer than in pEhCP112. EhADH emerged as an extended peripheral membrane protein with high fluctuation in Bro1 and V shape domains. 500 ns-long MDS and protein-protein docking predictions evidenced different heterodimeric complexes with the lowest free energy. pEhCP112 interacted with EhADH by the propeptide and C-terminal regions and mEhCP112 by the C-terminal through hydrogen bonds. In contrast, EhADH bound to mEhCP112 by 442-479 residues, adjacent to the target cell-adherence region (480-600 residues), and by the Bro1 domain (9-349 residues). Calculations of the effective binding free energy and per residue free energy decomposition showed that EhADH binds to mEhCP112 with a higher binding energy than to pEhCP112, mainly through van der Waals interactions and the nonpolar part of solvation energy. The EhADH and EhCP112 structural relationship was validated in trophozoites by immunofluorescence, TEM, and immunoprecipitation assays. Experimental findings fair agreed with in silico results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Montaño
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - Esther Orozco
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- b Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos , Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN) , Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México, D.F. 11340 , Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- b Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos , Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN) , Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México, D.F. 11340 , Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
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83
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First-Generation Antipsychotic Haloperidol Alters the Functionality of the Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Compartment in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:404. [PMID: 26999125 PMCID: PMC4813259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
First- and second-generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs, respectively), have the ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and also to interrupt the intracellular cholesterol trafficking, interfering with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol egress from late endosomes/lysosomes. In the present work, we examined the effects of FGA haloperidol on the functionality of late endosomes/lysosomes in vitro. In HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells incubated in the presence of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanineperchlorate (DiI)-LDL, treatment with haloperidol caused the enlargement of organelles positive for late endosome markers lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) and LBPA (lysobisphosphatidic acid), which also showed increased content of both free-cholesterol and DiI derived from LDL. This indicates the accumulation of LDL-lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment caused by haloperidol. In contrast, LDL traffic through early endosomes and the Golgi apparatus appeared to be unaffected by the antipsychotic as the distribution of both early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and coatomer subunit β (β-COP) were not perturbed. Notably, treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the lysosomal pH and decreased the activities of lysosomal protease and β-d-galactosidase in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the alkalinization of the lysosomes' internal milieu induced by haloperidol affects lysosomal functionality.
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84
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Verkhratsky A, Matteoli M, Parpura V, Mothet JP, Zorec R. Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion. EMBO J 2016; 35:239-57. [PMID: 26758544 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Team Gliotransmission & Synaptopathies, Aix-Marseille University CNRS, CRN2M UMR7286, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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85
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Castellanos-Castro S, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Javier-Reyna R, Pais-Morales J, Chávez-Munguía B, Orozco E. Identification of the phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid in the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica: An active molecule in endocytosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:224-236. [PMID: 28955828 PMCID: PMC5600446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential for vesicle fusion and fission and both are fundamental events for Entamoeba histolytica phagocytosis. Our aim was to identify the lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) in trophozoites and investigate its cellular fate during endocytosis. LBPA was detected by TLC in a 0.5 Rf spot of total lipids, which co-migrated with the LBPA standard. The 6C4 antibody, against LBPA recognized phospholipids extracted from this spot. Reverse phase LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS mass spectrometry revealed six LBPA species of m/z 772.58–802.68. LBPA was associated to pinosomes and phagosomes. Intriguingly, during pinocytosis, whole cell fluorescence quantification showed that LBPA dropped 84% after 15 min incubation with FITC-Dextran, and after 60 min, it increased at levels close to steady state conditions. Similarly, during erythrophagocytosis, after 15 min, LBPA also dropped in 36% and increased after 60 and 90 min. EhRab7A protein appeared in some vesicles with LBPA in steady state conditions, but after phagocytosis co-localization of both molecules increased and in late phases of erythrophagocytosis they were found in huge phagosomes or multivesicular bodies with many intraluminal vacuoles, and surrounding ingested erythrocytes and phagosomes. The 6C4 and anti-EhADH (EhADH is an ALIX family protein) antibodies and Lysotracker merged in about 50% of the vesicles in steady state conditions and throughout phagocytosis. LBPA and EhADH were also inside huge phagosomes. These results demonstrated that E. histolytica LBPA is associated to pinosomes and phagosomes during endocytosis and suggested differences of LBPA requirements during pinocytosis and phagocytosis. LBPA is identified for the first time in the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. LBPA is found in pinosomes and in 10–20 µm diameter phagosomes or multivesicular bodies. LBPA appeared associated with EhRab7A protein, a late endosomes marker. LBPA interacts with EhADH (an ALIX family protein) during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castellanos-Castro
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Mexico.,Colegio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Dr. García Diego 168, CP 06720, D.F. México, México
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenue IPN, 2508, CP 07360, D.F. México, México
| | | | | | | | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Mexico
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Cholesterol Flux Is Required for Endosomal Progression of African Swine Fever Virions during the Initial Establishment of Infection. J Virol 2015; 90:1534-43. [PMID: 26608317 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02694-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a major threat for porcine production that has been slowly spreading in Eastern Europe since its first appearance in the Caucasus in 2007. ASFV enters the cell by endocytosis and gains access to the cytosol to start replication from late endosomes and multivesicular bodies. Cholesterol associated with low-density lipoproteins entering the cell by endocytosis also follows a trafficking pathway similar to that of ASFV. Here we show that cholesterol plays an essential role in the establishment of infection as the virus traffics through the endocytic pathway. In contrast to the case for other DNA viruses, such as vaccinia virus or adenovirus 5, cholesterol efflux from endosomes is required for ASFV release/entry to the cytosol. Accumulation of cholesterol in endosomes impairs fusion, resulting in retention of virions inside endosomes. ASFV also remodels intracellular cholesterol by increasing its cellular uptake and redistributes free cholesterol to viral replication sites. Our analysis reveals that ASFV manipulates cholesterol dynamics to ensure an appropriate lipid flux to establish productive infection. IMPORTANCE Since its appearance in the Caucasus in 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has been spreading westwards to neighboring European countries, threatening porcine production. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, ASF control relies on early diagnosis and widespread culling of infected animals. We investigated early stages of ASFV infection to identify potential cellular targets for therapeutic intervention against ASF. The virus enters the cell by endocytosis, and soon thereafter, viral decapsidation occurs in the acid pH of late endosomes. We found that ASFV infection requires and reorganizes the cellular lipid cholesterol. ASFV requires cholesterol to exit the endosome to gain access to the cytoplasm to establish productive replication. Our results indicate that there is a differential requirement for cholesterol efflux for vaccinia virus or adenovirus 5 compared to ASFV.
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87
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Palladino G, Loizzo S, Fortuna A, Canterini S, Palombi F, Erickson RP, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT. Visual evoked potentials of Niemann-Pick type C1 mice reveal an impairment of the visual pathway that is rescued by 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:133. [PMID: 26458950 PMCID: PMC4603821 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1), presents a variable phenotype including neurovisceral and neurological symptoms. 2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD)-based therapies are presently the most promising route of intervention. While severe cerebellar dysfunction remains the main disabling feature of NPC1, sensory functions including auditory and olfactory ones are also affected. Morphological and functional anomalies of Npc1−/− mouse retina have also been observed, although the functional integrity of the visual pathway from retina to visual cortex is still unsettled. We have addressed this issue by characterizing the visual evoked potential (VEP) response of Npc1−/− mice and determining if/how HPßCD administration influences the VEPs of both Npc1−/− and Npc1+/+ mice. Methods VEP elicited by a brief visual stimulus were recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex of adult (PN, postnatal days 60, 75, 85 and 100) Npc1+/+ and Npc1−/− mice that had received repeated injections of either HPßCD or plain vehicle. The first injection was given at PN4 and was followed by a second one at PN7 and thereafter by weekly injections up to PN49. Cholesterol accumulation and myelin loss were finally assessed by filipin staining and myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results and discussion We have found that the transmission of visual signals from retina to visual cortex is negatively influenced by the loss of Npc1 function. In fact, the VEP response of Npc1−/− mice displayed a highly significant increase in the latency compared to that of Npc1+/+ mice. HPßCD administration fully rescued this defect and counteracted the cholesterol accumulation in retinal ganglion cells and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons, as well as the myelin loss in optic nerve fibers and axons projecting to the visual cortex observed in of Npc1−/− mice. By contrast, HPßCD administration had no effect on the VEP response of Npc1+/+ mice, further strengthening the treatment efficacy. Conclusions This study pinpoints the analysis of VEP response as a potentially accurate and non-invasive approach to assess neural activity and visual information processing in NPC1 patients, as well as for monitoring the progression of the disease and assessing the efficacy of potential therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Palladino
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortuna
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA
| | - Franco Mangia
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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88
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Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a structural isomer of phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) with an unusual sn-1:sn-1' fatty acyl configuration and is found almost exclusively in late endosomes/lysosomes. BMP comprises only about 1-2% of the total phospholipids in most mammalian cells, but accumulates in tissues of humans and animals with lysosomal storage disorders including the gangliosidoses. Total BMP content was significantly greater in cells of macrophage/microglial origin than in cells of macroglial origin. BMP composition was similar in tumorigenic/metastatic macrophages and non-tumorigenic macrophages/microglia. Finally, BMP fatty acid composition differed between cells grown in culture and obtained in vivo suggesting an influence from growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akgoc
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, MA, 02467, Chestnut Hill, USA,
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89
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α-Synuclein-independent histopathological and motor deficits in mice lacking the endolysosomal Parkinsonism protein Atp13a2. J Neurosci 2015; 35:5724-42. [PMID: 25855184 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0632-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies implicates dysfunction of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway as a key feature in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Most studies have focused on accumulation of neurotoxic α-synuclein secondary to defects in autophagy as the cause of neurodegeneration, but abnormalities of the autophagic-lysosomal system likely mediate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. To further explore how endolysosomal dysfunction causes PD-related neurodegeneration, we generated a murine model of Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS), characterized by early-onset Parkinsonism with additional neurological features. KRS is caused by recessive loss-of-function mutations in the ATP13A2 gene encoding the endolysosomal ATPase ATP13A2. We show that loss of ATP13A2 causes a specific protein trafficking defect, and that Atp13a2 null mice develop age-related motor dysfunction that is preceded by neuropathological changes, including gliosis, accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, lipofuscinosis, and endolysosomal abnormalities. Contrary to predictions from in vitro data, in vivo mouse genetic studies demonstrate that these phenotypes are α-synuclein independent. Our findings indicate that endolysosomal dysfunction and abnormalities of α-synuclein homeostasis are not synonymous, even in the context of an endolysosomal genetic defect linked to Parkinsonism, and highlight the presence of α-synuclein-independent neurotoxicity consequent to endolysosomal dysfunction.
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90
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Scott CC, Vossio S, Vacca F, Snijder B, Larios J, Schaad O, Guex N, Kuznetsov D, Martin O, Chambon M, Turcatti G, Pelkmans L, Gruenberg J. Wnt directs the endosomal flux of LDL-derived cholesterol and lipid droplet homeostasis. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:741-52. [PMID: 25851648 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway, which controls crucial steps of the development and differentiation programs, has been proposed to influence lipid storage and homeostasis. In this paper, using an unbiased strategy based on high-content genome-wide RNAi screens that monitored lipid distribution and amounts, we find that Wnt3a regulates cellular cholesterol. We show that Wnt3a stimulates the production of lipid droplets and that this stimulation strictly depends on endocytosed, LDL-derived cholesterol and on functional early and late endosomes. We also show that Wnt signaling itself controls cholesterol endocytosis and flux along the endosomal pathway, which in turn modulates cellular lipid homeostasis. These results underscore the importance of endosome functions for LD formation and reveal a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of the cellular programs controlling lipid storage and endosome transport under the control of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vossio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Larios
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Schaad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Kuznetsov
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Martin
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chambon
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, SV-PTECH-PTCB, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, SV-PTECH-PTCB, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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91
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Akgoc Z, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR, Han X, d'Azzo A, Seyfried TN. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate: a secondary storage lipid in the gangliosidoses. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1006-13. [PMID: 25795792 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a negatively charged glycerophospholipid with an unusual sn-1;sn-1' structural configuration. BMP is primarily enriched in endosomal/lysosomal membranes. BMP is thought to play a role in glycosphingolipid degradation and cholesterol transport. Elevated BMP levels have been found in many lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), suggesting an association with lysosomal storage material. The gangliosidoses are a group of neurodegenerative LSDs involving the accumulation of either GM1 or GM2 gangliosides resulting from inherited deficiencies in β-galactosidase or β-hexosaminidase, respectively. Little information is available on BMP levels in gangliosidosis brain tissue. Our results showed that the content of BMP in brain was significantly greater in humans and in animals (mice, cats, American black bears) with either GM1 or GM2 ganglioside storage diseases, than in brains of normal subjects. The storage of BMP and ganglioside GM2 in brain were reduced similarly following adeno-associated viral-mediated gene therapy in Sandhoff disease mice. We also found that C22:6, C18:0, and C18:1 were the predominant BMP fatty acid species in gangliosidosis brains. The results show that BMP accumulates as a secondary storage material in the brain of a broad range of mammals with gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akgoc
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827
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Cocucci E, Meldolesi J. Ectosomes and exosomes: shedding the confusion between extracellular vesicles. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:364-72. [PMID: 25683921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long- and short-distance communication can take multiple forms. Among them are exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the cell to deliver signals to target cells. While most of our understanding of how these vesicles are assembled and work comes from mechanistic studies performed on exosomes, recent studies have begun to shift their focus to ectosomes. Unlike exosomes, which are released on the exocytosis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), ectosomes are ubiquitous vesicles assembled at and released from the plasma membrane. Here we review the similarities and differences between these two classes of vesicle, suggesting that, despite their considerable differences, the functions of ectosomes may be largely analogous to those of exosomes. Both vesicles appear to be promising targets in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cocucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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93
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Vanier MT. Complex lipid trafficking in Niemann-Pick disease type C. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:187-99. [PMID: 25425283 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an atypical lysosomal storage disease resulting from mutations in one of two genes, either NPC1 or NPC2. Although a neurovisceral disorder, it is above all a neurodegenerative disease in the vast majority of patients. Not an enzyme deficiency, it is currently conceived as a lipid trafficking disorder. Impaired egress of cholesterol from the late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/L) compartment is a specific and key element of the pathogenesis, but other lipids, more specially sphingolipids, are also involved, and there are indications for further abnormalities. The full function of the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins is still unclear. This review provides a reappraisal of lipid storage and lysosomal enzymes activities in tissues/cells from NPC patients and animal models. It summarizes the current knowledge on the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins and their function in transport of cholesterol within the late endosomal-lysosomal compartment, with emphasis on differences between systemic organs and the brain; it also discusses regulation by membrane lipids of the NPC2-mediated cholesterol trafficking, interplay between cholesterol and sphingomyelin, the metabolic origin of glycosphingolipids stored in brain, and the putative role of free sphingoid bases in pathogenesis. Brief mention is finally made of diseases affecting other genes that were very recently shown to impact the "NPC pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Vanier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U820, Université Lyon-1 EA4611, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 7 Rue G. Paradin, 69008, Lyon, France,
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94
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Vance JE. Phospholipid Synthesis and Transport in Mammalian Cells. Traffic 2014; 16:1-18. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean E. Vance
- Department of Medicine and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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95
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Hullin-Matsuda F, Taguchi T, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. Lipid compartmentalization in the endosome system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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96
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Di-22:6-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate: A clinical biomarker of drug-induced phospholipidosis for drug development and safety assessment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:467-476. [PMID: 24967688 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inability to routinely monitor drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) presents a challenge in pharmaceutical drug development and in the clinic. Several nonclinical studies have shown di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6) bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (di-22:6-BMP) to be a reliable biomarker of tissue DIPL that can be monitored in the plasma/serum and urine. The aim of this study was to show the relevance of di-22:6-BMP as a DIPL biomarker for drug development and safety assessment in humans. DIPL shares many similarities with the inherited lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease. DIPL and NPC result in similar changes in lysosomal function and cholesterol status that lead to the accumulation of multi-lamellar bodies (myeloid bodies) in cells and tissues. To validate di-22:6-BMP as a biomarker of DIPL for clinical studies, NPC patients and healthy donors were classified by receiver operator curve analysis based on urinary di-22:6-BMP concentrations. By showing 96.7-specificity and 100-sensitivity to identify NPC disease, di-22:6-BMP can be used to assess DIPL in human studies. The mean concentration of di-22:6-BMP in the urine of NPC patients was 51.4-fold (p ≤ 0.05) above the healthy baseline range. Additionally, baseline levels of di-22:6-BMP were assessed in healthy non-medicated laboratory animals (rats, mice, dogs, and monkeys) and human subjects to define normal reference ranges for nonclinical/clinical studies. The baseline ranges of di-22:6-BMP in the plasma, serum, and urine of humans and laboratory animals were species dependent. The results of this study support the role of di-22:6-BMP as a biomarker of DIPL for pharmaceutical drug development and health care settings.
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97
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Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Fischer A, Tafelmeier M, Orsó E, Konovalova T, Böttcher A, Liebisch G, Reidel A, Schmitz G. High-density lipoprotein 3 and apolipoprotein A-I alleviate platelet storage lesion and release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Transfusion 2014; 54:2301-14. [PMID: 24912423 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored platelet (PLT) concentrates (PLCs) for transfusion develop a PLT storage lesion (PSL), decreasing PLT viability and function with profound lipidomic changes and PLT extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release. High-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3 ) improves PLT homeostasis through silencing effects on PLT activation in vivo. This prompted us to investigate HDL3 and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as PSL-antagonizing agents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy donor PLCs were split into low-volume standard PLC storage bags and incubated with native (n)HDL3 or apoA-I from plasma ethanol fractionation (precipitate IV) for 5 days under standard blood banking conditions. Flow cytometry, Born aggregometry, and lipid mass spectrometry were carried out to analyze PL-EV release, PLT aggregation, agonist-induced PLT surface marker expression, and PLT and plasma lipid compositions. RESULTS Compared to control, added nHDL3 and apoA-I significantly reduced PL-EV release by up to -62% during 5 days, correlating with the added apoA-I concentration. At the lipid level, nHDL3 and apoA-I antagonized PLT lipid loss (+12%) and decreased cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratios (-69%), whereas in plasma polyunsaturated/saturated CE ratios increased (+3%) and CE 16:0/20:4 ratios decreased (-5%). Administration of nHDL3 increased PLT bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate/phosphatidylglycerol (+102%) and phosphatidic acid/lysophosphatidic acid (+255%) ratios and improved thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6-induced PLT aggregation (+5%). CONCLUSION nHDL3 and apoA-I improve PLT membrane homeostasis and intracellular lipid processing and increase CE efflux, antagonizing PSL-related reduction in PLT viability and function and PL-EV release. We suggest uptake and catabolism of nHDL3 into the PLT open canalicular system. As supplement in PLCs, nHDL3 or apoA-I from Fraction IV of plasma ethanol fractionation have the potential to improve PLC quality to prolong storage.
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98
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Abstract
It is becoming apparent that infections by a major class of viruses, those with envelopes, can be inhibited during their entry at the step of fusion with cellular membranes. In this review, we discuss multiple innate immune mechanisms that have evolved to modify the lipid composition of cellular and viral membranes to inhibit virion fusion of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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99
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Vance JE, Karten B. Niemann-Pick C disease and mobilization of lysosomal cholesterol by cyclodextrin. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1609-21. [PMID: 24664998 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r047837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease in which endocytosed cholesterol becomes sequestered in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) because of mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. Mutations in either of these genes can lead to impaired functions of the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins and progressive neurodegeneration as well as liver and lung disease. NPC1 is a polytopic protein of the LE/L limiting membrane, whereas NPC2 is a soluble protein in the LE/L lumen. These two proteins act in tandem and promote the export of cholesterol from LEs/Ls. Consequently, a defect in either NPC1 or NPC2 causes cholesterol accumulation in LEs/Ls. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms leading to NPC disease, particularly in the CNS. Recent exciting data on the mechanism by which the cholesterol-sequestering agent cyclodextrin can bypass the functions of NPC1 and NPC2 in the LEs/Ls, and mobilize cholesterol from LEs/Ls, will be highlighted. Moreover, the possible use of cyclodextrin as a valuable therapeutic agent for treatment of NPC patients will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Vance
- The Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Barbara Karten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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100
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Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Shi M, Huang IC, Farzan M, Jung JU. The antiviral effector IFITM3 disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis to block viral entry. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 13:452-64. [PMID: 23601107 PMCID: PMC3646482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle-membrane-protein-associated protein A (VAPA) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) regulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, which is required for many virus infections. During entry, viruses or virus-containing vesicles can fuse with endosomal membranes to mediate the cytosolic release of virions, and alterations in endosomal cholesterol can inhibit this invasion step. We show that the antiviral effector protein interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) interacts with VAPA and prevents its association with OSBP, thereby disrupting intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and inhibiting viral entry. By altering VAPA-OSBP function, IFITM3 induces a marked accumulation of cholesterol in multivesicular bodies and late endosomes, which inhibits the fusion of intraluminal virion-containing vesicles with endosomal membranes and thereby blocks virus release into the cytosol. Consequently, ectopic expression or depletion of the VAPA gene profoundly affects IFITM3-mediated inhibition of viral entry. Thus, IFITM3 disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis to block viral entry, further underscoring the importance of cholesterol in virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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