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Lindsay A, Schmiechen A, Chamberlain CM, Ervasti JM, Lowe DA. Neopterin/7,8-dihydroneopterin is elevated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and protects mdx skeletal muscle function. Exp Physiol 2019; 103:995-1009. [PMID: 29791760 DOI: 10.1113/ep087031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We examined whether the macrophage-synthesized antioxidant 7,8-dihydroneopterin was elevated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. We then examined whether 7,8-dihydroneopterin could protect dystrophic skeletal mouse muscle from eccentric contraction-induced force loss and improve recovery. What is the main finding and its importance? Urinary neopterin/creatinine and 7,8-dihydroneopterin/creatinine were elevated in DMD patients. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin attenuated eccentric contraction-induced force loss of dystrophic skeletal mouse muscle and accelerated recovery of force. These results suggest that eccentric contraction-induced force loss is mediated, in part, by an oxidative component and provides a potential protective role for 7,8-dihydroneopterin in DMD. ABSTRACT Macrophage infiltration is a hallmark of dystrophin-deficient muscle. We tested the hypothesis that Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients would have elevated levels of the macrophage-synthesized pterins, neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin, compared with unaffected age-matched control subjects. Urinary neopterin/creatinine and 7,8-dihydroneopterin/creatinine were elevated in DMD patients, and 7,8-dihydroneopterin/creatinine was associated with patient age and ambulation. Urinary 7,8-dihydroneopterin corrected for specific gravity was also elevated in DMD patients. Given that 7,8-dihydroneopterin is an antioxidant, we then identified a potential role for 7,8-dihydroneopterin in disease pathology. We assessed whether 7,8-dihydroneopterin could: (i) protect against isometric force loss in wild-type skeletal muscle exposed to various pro-oxidants; and (ii) protect wild-type and mdx muscle from eccentric contraction-induced force loss, which has an oxidative component. Force loss was elicited in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles by 10 eccentric contractions, and recovery of force after the contractions was measured in the presence of exogenous 7,8-dihydroneopterin. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin attenuated isometric force loss by wild-type EDL muscles when challenged by H2 O2 and HOCl, but exacerbated force loss when challenged by SIN-1 (NO• , O2• , ONOO- ). 7,8-Dihydroneopterin attenuated eccentric contraction-induced force loss in mdx muscle. Isometric force production by EDL muscles of mdx mice also recovered to a greater degree after eccentric contractions in the presence of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. The results corroborate macrophage activation in DMD patients, provide a potential protective role for 7,8-dihydroneopterin in the susceptibility of dystrophic muscle to eccentric contractions and indicate that oxidative stress contributes to eccentric contraction-induced force loss in mdx skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexandra Schmiechen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher M Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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52
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Grimes KM, Prasad V, McNamara JW. Supporting the heart: Functions of the cardiomyocyte's non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:187-196. [PMID: 30978342 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The non-contractile cytoskeleton in cardiomyocytes is comprised of cytoplasmic actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. In addition to providing mechanical support to these cells, these structures are important effectors of tension-sensing and signal transduction and also provide networks for the transport of proteins and organelles. The majority of our knowledge on the function and structure of these cytoskeletal networks comes from research on proliferative cell types. However, in recent years, researchers have begun to show that there are important cardiomyocyte-specific functions of the cytoskeleton. Here we will discuss the current state of cytoskeletal biology in cardiomyocytes, as well as research from other cell types, that together suggest there is a wealth of knowledge on cardiac health and disease waiting to be uncovered through exploration of the complex signaling networks of cardiomyocyte non-sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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53
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Distinct mechanical properties in homologous spectrin-like repeats of utrophin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5210. [PMID: 30914715 PMCID: PMC6435810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) lack the protein dystrophin, which is a critical molecular component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Dystrophin is hypothesized to function as a molecular shock absorber that mechanically stabilizes the sarcolemma of striated muscle through interaction with the cortical actin cytoskeleton via its N-terminal half and with the transmembrane protein β-dystroglycan via its C-terminal region. Utrophin is a fetal homologue of dystrophin that can subserve many dystrophin functions and is therefore under active investigation as a dystrophin replacement therapy for DMD. Here, we report the first mechanical characterization of utrophin using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our data indicate that the mechanical properties of spectrin-like repeats in utrophin are more in line with the PEVK and Ig-like repeats of titin rather than those reported for repeats in spectrin or dystrophin. Moreover, we measured markedly different unfolding characteristics for spectrin repeats within the N-terminal actin-binding half of utrophin compared to those in the C-terminal dystroglycan-binding half, even though they exhibit identical thermal denaturation profiles. Our results demonstrate dramatic differences in the mechanical properties of structurally homologous utrophin constructs and suggest that utrophin may function as a stiff elastic element in series with titin at the myotendinous junction.
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54
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Babačić H, Mehta A, Merkel O, Schoser B. CRISPR-cas gene-editing as plausible treatment of neuromuscular and nucleotide-repeat-expansion diseases: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212198. [PMID: 30794581 PMCID: PMC6386526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (cas) is a new technology that allows easier manipulation of the genome. Its potential to edit genes opened a new door in treatment development for incurable neurological monogenic diseases (NMGDs). The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings on the current development of CRISPR-cas for therapeutic purposes in the most frequent NMGDs and provide critical assessment. METHODS AND DATA ACQUISITION We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, looking for original studies on the use of CRISPR-cas to edit pathogenic variants in models of the most frequent NMGDs, until end of 2017. We included all the studies that met the following criteria: 1. Peer-reviewed study report with explicitly described experimental designs; 2. In vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo study using human or other animal biological systems (including cells, tissues, organs, organisms); 3. focusing on CRISPR as the gene-editing method of choice; and 5. featured at least one NMGD. RESULTS We obtained 404 papers from MEDLINE and 513 from EMBASE. After removing the duplicates, we screened 490 papers by title and abstract and assessed them for eligibility. After reading 50 full-text papers, we finally selected 42 for the review. DISCUSSION Here we give a systematic summary on the preclinical development of CRISPR-cas for therapeutic purposes in NMGDs. Furthermore, we address the clinical interpretability of the findings, giving a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) paves the way forward, with 26 out of 42 studies reporting different strategies on DMD gene editing in different models of the disease. Most of the strategies aimed for permanent exon skipping by deletion with CRISPR-cas. Successful silencing of the mHTT gene with CRISPR-cas led to successful reversal of the neurotoxic effects in the striatum of mouse models of Huntington's disease. Many other strategies have been explored, including epigenetic regulation of gene expression, in cellular and animal models of: myotonic dystrophy, Fraxile X syndrome, ataxias, and other less frequent dystrophies. Still, before even considering the clinical application of CRISPR-cas, three major bottlenecks need to be addressed: efficacy, safety, and delivery of the systems. This requires a collaborative approach in the research community, while having ethical considerations in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Babačić
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (HB)
| | - Aditi Mehta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Merkel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (HB)
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55
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McCourt JL, Talsness DM, Lindsay A, Arpke RW, Chatterton PD, Nelson DM, Chamberlain CM, Olthoff JT, Belanto JJ, McCourt PM, Kyba M, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Mouse models of two missense mutations in actin-binding domain 1 of dystrophin associated with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:451-462. [PMID: 29194514 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the dystrophin protein can cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) through an undefined pathomechanism. In vitro studies suggest that missense mutations in the N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD1) cause protein instability, and cultured myoblast studies reveal decreased expression levels that can be restored to wild-type with proteasome inhibitors. To further elucidate the pathophysiology of missense dystrophin in vivo, we generated two transgenic mdx mouse lines expressing L54R or L172H mutant dystrophin, which correspond to missense mutations identified in human patients with DMD or BMD, respectively. Our biochemical, histologic and physiologic analysis of the L54R and L172H mice show decreased levels of dystrophin which are proportional to the phenotypic severity. Proteasome inhibitors were ineffective in both the L54R and L172H mice, yet mice homozygous for the L172H transgene were able to express even higher levels of dystrophin which caused further improvements in muscle histology and physiology. Given that missense dystrophin is likely being degraded by the proteasome but whole body proteasome inhibition was not possible, we screened for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes involved in targeting dystrophin to the proteasome. A myoblast cell line expressing L54R mutant dystrophin was screened with an siRNA library targeting E1, E2 and E3 ligases which identified Amn1, FBXO33, Zfand5 and Trim75. Our study establishes new mouse models of dystrophinopathy and identifies candidate E3 ligases that may specifically regulate dystrophin protein turnover in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana M Talsness
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | - Robert W Arpke
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - D'anna M Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | - John T Olthoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | | | | | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
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Olsen LA, Nicoll JX, Fry AC. The skeletal muscle fiber: a mechanically sensitive cell. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:333-349. [PMID: 30612167 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of skeletal muscle, whether an increase in size, change in metabolism, or alteration in structural properties, is in a continuous state of flux largely dependent upon physical activity. Much of the past research has expounded upon these ever-changing aspects of the muscle fiber following exercise. Specifically, endocrine and paracrine signaling have been heavily investigated lending to much of the past literature comprised of such endocrinological dynamics following muscle activity. Mechanotransduction, the ability of a cell to convert a mechanical stimulus into an intracellular biochemical response, has garnered much less attention. Recent work, however, has demonstrated the physical continuity of the muscle fiber, specifically demonstrating a continuous physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and nuclear matrix as a means to rapidly regulate gene expression following a mechanical stimulus. Similarly, research has shown mechanical stimuli to directly influence cytoplasmic signaling whether through oxidative adaptations, increased muscle size, or enhanced muscle integrity. Regrettably, minimal research has investigated the role that exercise may play within the mechanotransducing signaling cascades. This proposed line of study may prove paramount as muscle-related diseases greatly impact one's ability to lead an independent lifestyle along with contributing a substantial burden upon the economy. Thus, this review explores both biophysical and biochemical mechanotransduction, and how these signaling pathways may be influenced following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Olsen
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Justin X Nicoll
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8287, USA
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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57
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Franck A, Lainé J, Moulay G, Lemerle E, Trichet M, Gentil C, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Lacène E, Bui MT, Brochier G, Guicheney P, Romero N, Bitoun M, Vassilopoulos S. Clathrin plaques and associated actin anchor intermediate filaments in skeletal muscle. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:579-590. [PMID: 30601711 PMCID: PMC6589689 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-11-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin plaques are stable features of the plasma membrane observed in several cell types. They are abundant in muscle, where they localize at costameres that link the contractile apparatus to the sarcolemma and connect the sarcolemma to the basal lamina. Here, we show that clathrin plaques and surrounding branched actin filaments form microdomains that anchor a three-dimensional desmin intermediate filament (IF) web. Depletion of clathrin plaque and branched actin components causes accumulation of desmin tangles in the cytoplasm. We show that dynamin 2, whose mutations cause centronuclear myopathy (CNM), regulates both clathrin plaques and surrounding branched actin filaments, while CNM-causing mutations lead to desmin disorganization in a CNM mouse model and patient biopsies. Our results suggest a novel paradigm in cell biology, wherein clathrin plaques act as platforms capable of recruiting branched cortical actin, which in turn anchors IFs, both essential for striated muscle formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Franck
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France.,Department of Physiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Moulay
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eline Lemerle
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR3631 Paris, France
| | - Christel Gentil
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacène
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mai Thao Bui
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Guy Brochier
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, UMRS 1166, INSERM , Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Norma Romero
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France.,Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
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Abstract
Dystrophin is the largest protein isoform (427 kDa) expressed from the gene defective in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a lethal muscle-wasting and genetically inherited disease. Dystrophin, localized within a cytoplasmic lattice termed costameres, connects the intracellular cytoskeleton of a myofiber through the cell membrane (sarcolemma) to the surrounding extracellular matrix. In spite of its mechanical regulation roles in stabilizing the sarcolemma during muscle contraction, the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive. Here, we systematically investigated the mechanical stability and kinetics of the force-bearing central domain of human dystrophin that contains 24 spectrin repeats using magnetic tweezers. We show that the stochastic unfolding and refolding of central domain of dystrophin is able to keep the forces below 25 pN over a significant length change up to ∼800 nm in physiological level of pulling speeds. These results suggest that dystrophin may serve as a molecular shock absorber that defines the physiological level of force in the dystrophin-mediated force-transmission pathway during muscle contraction/stretch, thereby stabilizing the sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Ladislav Hovan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551
| | - James Ervasti
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546
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Lindsay A, Larson AA, Verma M, Ervasti JM, Lowe DA. Isometric resistance training increases strength and alters histopathology of dystrophin-deficient mouse skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:363-375. [PMID: 30571283 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00948.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation to the dystrophin gene causes skeletal muscle weakness in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Deliberation continues regarding implications of prescribing exercise for these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether isometric resistance exercise (~10 tetanic contractions/session) improves skeletal muscle strength and histopathology in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Three isometric training sessions increased in vivo isometric torque (22%) and contractility rates (54%) of anterior crural muscles of mdx mice. Mice expressing a BMD-causing missense mutated dystrophin on the mdx background showed comparable increases in torque (22%), while wild-type mice showed less change (11%). Increases in muscle function occurred within 1 h and peaked 3 days posttraining; however, the adaptation was lost after 7 days unless retrained. Six isometric training sessions over 4 wk caused increased isometric torque (28%) and contractility rates (22-28%), reduced fibrosis, as well as greater uniformity of fiber cross-sectional areas, fewer embryonic myosin heavy-chain-positive fibers, and more satellite cells in tibialis anterior muscle compared with the contralateral untrained muscle. Ex vivo functional analysis of isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from the trained hindlimb revealed greater absolute isometric force, lower passive stiffness, and a lower susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced force loss compared with untrained EDL muscle. Overall, these data support the concept that exercise training in the form of isometric tetanic contractions can improve contractile function of dystrophin-deficient muscle, indicating a potential role for enhancing muscle strength in patients with DMD and BMD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We focused on adaptive responses of dystrophin-deficient mouse skeletal muscle to isometric contraction training and report that in the absence of dystrophin (or in the presence of a mutated dystrophin), strength and muscle histopathology are improved. Results suggest that the strength gains are associated with fiber hypertrophy, reduced fibrosis, increased number of satellite cells, and blunted eccentric contraction-induced force loss in vitro. Importantly, there was no indication that the isometric exercise training was deleterious to dystrophin-deficient muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexie A Larson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mayank Verma
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Rall JA. What makes skeletal muscle striated? Discoveries in the endosarcomeric and exosarcomeric cytoskeleton. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 42:672-684. [PMID: 30431326 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00152.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the most iconic images in biology is the cross-striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber. The repeating band pattern shows that all of the sarcomeres are the same length. All of the A bands are the same length and are located in the middle of the sarcomeres. Furthermore, all of the myofibrils are transversely aligned across the muscle fiber. It has been known for 300 yr that skeletal muscle is striated, but only in the last 40 yr has a molecular understanding of the striations emerged. In the 1950s it was discovered that the extraction of myosin from myofibrils abolished the A bands, and the myofibrils were no longer striated. With the further extraction of actin, only the Z disks remained. Strangely, the sarcomere length did not change, and these "ghost" myofibrils still exhibited elastic behavior. The breakthrough came in the 1970s with the discovery of the gigantic protein titin. Titin, an elastic protein ~1 µm in length, runs from the Z disk to the middle of the A band and ensures that each sarcomere is the same length. Titin anchors the A band in the middle of the sarcomere and may determine thick-filament length and thus A-band length. In the 1970s it was proposed that the intermediate filament desmin, which surrounds the Z disks, connects adjacent myofibrils, resulting in the striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Rall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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61
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Olthoff JT, Lindsay A, Abo-Zahrah R, Baltgalvis KA, Patrinostro X, Belanto JJ, Yu DY, Perrin BJ, Garry DJ, Rodney GG, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Loss of peroxiredoxin-2 exacerbates eccentric contraction-induced force loss in dystrophin-deficient muscle. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5104. [PMID: 30504831 PMCID: PMC6269445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Force loss in skeletal muscle exposed to eccentric contraction is often attributed to injury. We show that EDL muscles from dystrophin-deficient mdx mice recover 65% of lost force within 120 min of eccentric contraction and exhibit minimal force loss when the interval between contractions is increased from 3 to 30 min. A proteomic screen of mdx muscle identified an 80% reduction in the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-2, likely due to proteolytic degradation following hyperoxidation by NADPH Oxidase 2. Eccentric contraction-induced force loss in mdx muscle was exacerbated by peroxiredoxin-2 ablation, and improved by peroxiredoxin-2 overexpression or myoglobin knockout. Finally, overexpression of γcyto- or βcyto-actin protects mdx muscle from eccentric contraction-induced force loss by blocking NADPH Oxidase 2 through a mechanism dependent on cysteine 272 unique to cytoplasmic actins. Our data suggest that eccentric contraction-induced force loss may function as an adaptive circuit breaker that protects mdx muscle from injurious contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Olthoff
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Reem Abo-Zahrah
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristen A Baltgalvis
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xiaobai Patrinostro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46022, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Ruoss S, Kindt P, Oberholzer L, Rohner M, Jungck L, Abdel‐Aziz S, Fitze D, Rosskopf AB, Klein K, von Rechenberg B, Gerber C, Wieser K, Flück M. Inhibition of calpain delays early muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tendon release in sheep. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13833. [PMID: 30393967 PMCID: PMC6215759 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rotator cuff (RC) tears are characterized by retraction, fat accumulation, and atrophy of the affected muscle. These features pose an intractable problem for surgical repair and subsequent recovery, and their prevention may be easier than reversal. Using an established ovine model, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the protease calpain mitigates m. infraspinatus atrophy by preservation of the myofibers' structural anchors in the sarcolemma (the costameres). Already 2 weeks of distal tendon release led to a reduction in muscle volume (-11.6 ± 9.1 cm3 , P = 0.038) and a 8.3% slow-to-fast shift of the fiber area (P = 0.046), which were both entirely abolished by chronic local administration of the calpain inhibitor calpeptin alone, and in combination with sildenafil. Calpain inhibition blunted the retraction of the muscle-tendon unit by 0.8-1.0 cm (P = 0.020) compared with the control group, and prevented cleavage of the costameric protein talin. Calpain 1 and 2 protein levels increased in the medicated groups after 4 weeks, counteracting the efficacy of calpeptin. Hence atrophic changes emerged after 4 weeks despite ongoing treatment. These findings suggest that the early muscular adaptations in the specific case of RC tear in the ovine model are indistinguishable from the atrophy and slow-to-fast fiber transformation observed with conventional unloading and can be prevented for 2 weeks. Concluding, calpain is a potential target to extend the temporal window for reconstruction of the ruptured RC tendon before recovery turns impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Ruoss
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Kindt
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Linus Oberholzer
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marco Rohner
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ladina Jungck
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sara Abdel‐Aziz
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Fitze
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andrea B. Rosskopf
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Radiology DepartmentBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Karina Klein
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Gerber
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Xu B, Magli A, Anugrah Y, Koester SJ, Perlingeiro RCR, Shen W. Nanotopography-responsive myotube alignment and orientation as a sensitive phenotypic biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomaterials 2018; 183:54-66. [PMID: 30149230 PMCID: PMC6239205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder currently having no cure. Here we report that culture substrates patterned with nanogrooves and functionalized with Matrigel (or laminin) present an engineered cell microenvironment to allow myotubes derived from non-diseased, less-affected DMD, and severely-affected DMD human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to exhibit prominent differences in alignment and orientation, providing a sensitive phenotypic biomarker to potentially facilitate DMD drug development and early diagnosis. We discovered that myotubes differentiated from myogenic progenitors derived from non-diseased hiPSCs align nearly perpendicular to nanogrooves, a phenomenon not reported previously. We further found that myotubes derived from hiPSCs of a dystrophin-null DMD patient orient randomly, and those from hiPSCs of a patient carrying partially functional dystrophin align approximately 14° off the alignment direction of non-diseased myotubes. Substrates engineered with micron-scale grooves and/or cell adhesion molecules only interacting with integrins all guide parallel myotube alignment to grooves and lose the ability to distinguish different cell types. Disruption of the interaction between the Dystrophin-Associated-Protein-Complex (DAPC) and laminin by heparin or anti-α-dystroglycan antibody IIH6 disenables myotubes to align perpendicular to nanogrooves, suggesting that this phenotype is controlled by the DAPC-mediated cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoska Anugrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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64
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Houang EM, Sham YY, Bates FS, Metzger JM. Muscle membrane integrity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: recent advances in copolymer-based muscle membrane stabilizers. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 30305165 PMCID: PMC6180502 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific premise, design, and structure-function analysis of chemical-based muscle membrane stabilizing block copolymers are reviewed here for applications in striated muscle membrane injury. Synthetic block copolymers have a rich history and wide array of applications from industry to biology. Potential for discovery is enabled by a large chemical space for block copolymers, including modifications in block copolymer mass, composition, and molecular architecture. Collectively, this presents an impressive chemical landscape to leverage distinct structure-function outcomes. Of particular relevance to biology and medicine, stabilization of damaged phospholipid membranes using amphiphilic block copolymers, classified as poloxamers or pluronics, has been the subject of increasing scientific inquiry. This review focuses on implementing block copolymers to protect fragile muscle membranes against mechanical stress. The review highlights interventions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a fatal disease of progressive muscle deterioration owing to marked instability of the striated muscle membrane. Biophysical and chemical engineering advances are presented that delineate and expand upon current understanding of copolymer-lipid membrane interactions and the mechanism of stabilization. The studies presented here serve to underscore the utility of copolymer discovery leading toward the therapeutic application of block copolymers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and potentially other biomedical applications in which membrane integrity is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne M. Houang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Yuk Y. Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, MN, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Gao S, Jiang Y, Wang G, Yuan Y, Huang S, Gao X, Li X, Zhang D, Wu J, Ji X, Deng T, Wang L, Kang D, Dai P. Skewed X-chromosome inactivation and next-generation sequencing to identify a novel SMPX variants associated with X-linked hearing loss in a Chinese family. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 113:88-93. [PMID: 30174017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary nonsyndromic hearing loss is extremely heterogeneous and an X-linked form accounts for 1-5% of all cases. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogenic variants in a nonsyndromic X-linked dominant hearing loss family, and explain the reason of different hearing phenotype in hearing between the two sisters with the same variant. METHODS Targeted gene capture and next-generation sequencing were used to study the genetic cause. What's more, methylation differences among the androgen receptor genes were used to investigate whether the different hearing levels of the two sisters is related to X-chromosome inactivation (Xi). RESULTS We identified SMPX c.29insA (p.Asn10Lysfs*3) as the novel variant causing deafness. The skewed X-chromosome inactivation was relevant to the hearing difference between the two sisters. CONCLUSION Targeted gene capture and NGS is an efficient way to identify pathogenic variants in genes. Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation is beneficial to the diagnosis and genetic counseling of X-linked dominant hearing loss families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Otolaryngology, The 175th Hospital of PLA, South-East Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guojian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | | | - Tao Deng
- Beijing Capital Bio Independent Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Beijing Capital Bio Independent Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongyang Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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66
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Abstract
Activation of the electrical signal and its transmission as a depolarizing wave in the whole heart requires highly organized myocyte architecture and cell-cell contacts. In addition, complex trafficking and anchoring intracellular machineries regulate the proper surface expression of channels and their targeting to distinct membrane domains. An increasing list of proteins, lipids, and second messengers can contribute to the normal targeting of ion channels in cardiac myocytes. However, their precise roles in the electrophysiology of the heart are far from been extensively understood. Nowadays, much effort in the field focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate ion channel targeting to sarcolemma microdomains and their organization into macromolecular complexes. The purpose of the present section is to provide an overview of the characterized partners of the main cardiac sodium channel, NaV1.5, involved in regulating the functional expression of this channel both in terms of trafficking and targeting into microdomains.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To construct a framework to understand the different molecular interventions for muscular dystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS The recent approval of antisense oligonucleotides treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy and current clinical trials using recombinant adeno-associated virus for the treatment of those diseases suggests that we are at a tipping point where we are able to treat and potentially cure muscular dystrophies. Understanding the basic molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies and the molecular biology of the treatment allows for critical evaluation of the proposed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Y Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA
| | - Leo H Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA.
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68
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Belanto JJ, Olthoff JT, Mader TL, Chamberlain CM, Nelson DM, McCourt PM, Talsness DM, Gundersen GG, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Independent variability of microtubule perturbations associated with dystrophinopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4951-4961. [PMID: 28171583 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence of the protein dystrophin causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin directly binds to microtubules in vitro, and its absence in vivo correlates with disorganization of the subsarcolemmal microtubule lattice, increased detyrosination of α-tubulin, and altered redox signaling. We previously demonstrated that the dystrophin homologue utrophin neither binds microtubules in vitro nor rescues microtubule lattice organization when overexpressed in muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Here, we fine-mapped the dystrophin domain necessary for microtubule binding to spectrin-like repeats 20–22. We show that transgenic mdx mice expressing a full-length dystrophin/utrophin chimera completely lacking microtubule binding activity are surprisingly rescued for all measured dystrophic phenotypes, including full restoration of microtubule lattice organization. Conversely, despite the presence of dystrophin at the sarcolemma, β-sarcoglycan-deficient skeletal muscle presents with a disorganized and densified microtubule lattice. Finally, we show that the levels of α-tubulin detyrosination remain significantly elevated to that of mdx levels in transgenic mdx mice expressing nearly full-length dystrophin. Our results demonstrate that the microtubule-associated perturbations of mdx muscle are distinct, separable, and can vary independently from other parameters previously ascribed to dystrophin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John T Olthoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tara L Mader
- Programs in Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher M Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D'anna M Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Preston M McCourt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dana M Talsness
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Programs in Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Pingel J, Suhr F. Are mechanically sensitive regulators involved in the function and (patho)physiology of cerebral palsy-related contractures? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:317-330. [PMID: 29190010 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is mechanosensitive, as it is able to sense mechanical impacts and to translate these into biochemical signals making the tissue adapt. Among its mechanosensitive nature, skeletal muscle tissue is the largest metabolic organ of the human body. Disturbances in skeletal muscle mechanosensing and metabolism cause and contribute to many diseases, i.e. muscular dystrophies/myopathies, cardiovascular diseases, COPD or diabetes mellitus type 2. A less commonly focused muscle-related disorder is clinically known as muscle contractures that derive from cerebral palsy (CP) conditions in young and adults. Muscle contractures are characterized by gradually increasing passive muscle stiffness resulting in complete fixation of joints. Different mechanisms have been identified in CP-related contractures, i.e. altered calcium handling, altered metabolism or altered titin regulation. The muscle-related extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically collagens, plays a role in CP-related contractures. Herein, we focus on mechanically sensitive complexes, known as costameres (Cstms), and discuss their potential role in CP-related contractures. We extend our discussion to the ECM due to the limited knowledge of its role in CP-related contractures. The aims of this review are (1) to summarize CP-related contracture mechanisms, (2) to raise novel hypotheses on the genesis of contractures with a focus on Cstms, and (3) to stimulate novel approaches to study CP-related contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Motor Control Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Willems SM, Wright DJ, Day FR, Trajanoska K, Joshi PK, Morris JA, Matteini AM, Garton FC, Grarup N, Oskolkov N, Thalamuthu A, Mangino M, Liu J, Demirkan A, Lek M, Xu L, Wang G, Oldmeadow C, Gaulton KJ, Lotta LA, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Rivas MA, White T, Loh PR, Aadahl M, Amin N, Attia JR, Austin K, Benyamin B, Brage S, Cheng YC, Cięszczyk P, Derave W, Eriksson KF, Eynon N, Linneberg A, Lucia A, Massidda M, Mitchell BD, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Padmanabhan S, Pandey A, Papadimitriou I, Rajpal DK, Sale C, Schnurr TM, Sessa F, Shrine N, Tobin MD, Varley I, Wain LV, Wray NR, Lindgren CM, MacArthur DG, Waterworth DM, McCarthy MI, Pedersen O, Khaw KT, Kiel DP, Pitsiladis Y, Fuku N, Franks PW, North KN, van Duijn CM, Mather KA, Hansen T, Hansson O, Spector T, Murabito JM, Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Wareham NJ, Scott RA. Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16015. [PMID: 29313844 PMCID: PMC5510175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P<5 × 10-8) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres (ACTG1), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (PEX14, TGFA, SYT1), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment (PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wright
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - John A. Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Fleur C. Garton
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Krista Austin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ‘i+12’, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Deepak K. Rajpal
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia FG, Italy
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dawn M. Waterworth
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Biobank Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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71
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Crossman DJ, Jayasinghe ID, Soeller C. Transverse tubule remodelling: a cellular pathology driven by both sides of the plasmalemma? Biophys Rev 2017; 9:919-929. [PMID: 28695473 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transverse (t)-tubules are invaginations of the plasma membrane that form a complex network of ducts, 200-400 nm in diameter depending on the animal species, that penetrates deep within the cardiac myocyte, where they facilitate a fast and synchronous contraction across the entire cell volume. There is now a large body of evidence in animal models and humans demonstrating that pathological distortion of the t-tubule structure has a causative role in the loss of myocyte contractility that underpins many forms of heart failure. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms of pathological t-tubule remodelling to date have focused on proteins residing in the intracellular aspect of t-tubule membrane that form linkages between the membrane and myocyte cytoskeleton. In this review, we shed light on the mechanisms of t-tubule remodelling which are not limited to the intracellular side. Our recent data have demonstrated that collagen is an integral part of the t-tubule network and that it increases within the tubules in heart failure, suggesting that a fibrotic mechanism could drive cardiac junctional remodelling. We examine the evidence that the linkages between the extracellular matrix, t-tubule membrane and cellular cytoskeleton should be considered as a whole when investigating the mechanisms of t-tubule pathology in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | - Christian Soeller
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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72
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Marcucci L, Reggiani C, Natali AN, Pavan PG. From single muscle fiber to whole muscle mechanics: a finite element model of a muscle bundle with fast and slow fibers. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1833-1843. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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73
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Niu Z, Feng Y, Mei L, Sun J, Wang X, Wang J, Hu Z, Dong Y, Chen H, He C, Liu Y, Cai X, Liu X, Jiang L. A novel frameshift mutation of SMPX causes a rare form of X-linked nonsyndromic hearing loss in a Chinese family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178384. [PMID: 28542515 PMCID: PMC5444825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hearing impairment is the rarest form of genetic hearing loss (HL) and represents only a minor fraction of all cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of X-linked inherited sensorineural HL in a four-generation Chinese family. A novel duplication variant (c.217dupA, p.Ile73Asnfs*5) in SMPX was identified by whole-exome sequencing. The frameshift mutation predicted to result in the premature truncation of the SMPX protein was co-segregated with the HL phenotype and was absent in 295 normal controls. Subpopulation screening of the coding exons and flanking introns of SMPX was further performed for 338 Chinese patients with nonsydromic HL by Sanger sequencing, and another two potential causative substitutions (c.238C>A and c.55A>G) in SMPX were identified in additional sporadic cases of congenital deafness. Collectively, this study is the first to report the role of SMPX in Chinese population and identify a novel frameshift mutation in SMPX that causes not only nonsyndromic late-onset progressive HL, but also congenital hearing impairment. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of the SMPX gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lingyun Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Chufeng He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xinzhang Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
- * E-mail:
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74
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Chen-Izu Y, Izu LT. Mechano-chemo-transduction in cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2017; 595:3949-3958. [PMID: 28098356 DOI: 10.1113/jp273101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has the ability to adjust to changing mechanical loads. The Frank-Starling law and the Anrep effect describe exquisite intrinsic mechanisms the heart has for autoregulating the force of contraction to maintain cardiac output under changes of preload and afterload. Although these mechanisms have been known for more than a century, their cellular and molecular underpinnings are still debated. How does the cardiac myocyte sense changes in preload or afterload? How does the myocyte adjust its response to compensate for such changes? In cardiac myocytes Ca2+ is a crucial regulator of contractile force and in this review we compare and contrast recent studies from different labs that address these two important questions. The 'dimensionality' of the mechanical milieu under which experiments are carried out provide important clues to the location of the mechanosensors and the kinds of mechanical forces they can sense and respond to. As a first approximation, sensors inside the myocyte appear to modulate reactive oxygen species while sensors on the cell surface appear to also modulate nitric oxide signalling; both signalling pathways affect Ca2+ handling. Undoubtedly, further studies will add layers to this simplified picture. Clarifying the intimate links from cellular mechanics to reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling and to Ca2+ handling will deepen our understanding of the Frank-Starling law and the Anrep effect, and also provide a unified view on how arrhythmias may arise in seemingly disparate diseases that have in common altered myocyte mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leighton T Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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75
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Bryant AE, Aldape MJ, Bayer CR, Katahira EJ, Bond L, Nicora CD, Fillmore TL, Clauss TRW, Metz TO, Webb-Robertson BJ, Stevens DL. Effects of delayed NSAID administration after experimental eccentric contraction injury - A cellular and proteomics study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172486. [PMID: 28245256 PMCID: PMC5330483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are exceedingly common and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed to reduce the associated inflammation, swelling and pain that peak 1-2 days post-injury. While prophylactic use or early administration of NSAIDs has been shown to delay muscle regeneration and contribute to loss of muscle strength after healing, little is known about the effects of delayed NSAID use. Further, NSAID use following non-penetrating injury has been associated with increased risk and severity of infection, including that due to group A streptococcus, though the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of delayed NSAID administration on muscle repair and sought mechanisms supporting an injury/NSAID/infection axis. METHODS A murine model of eccentric contraction (EC)-induced injury of the tibialis anterior muscle was used to profile the cellular and molecular changes induced by ketorolac tromethamine administered 47 hr post injury. RESULTS NSAID administration inhibited several important muscle regeneration processes and down-regulated multiple cytoprotective proteins known to inhibit the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. These activities were associated with increased caspase activity in injured muscles but were independent of any NSAID effect on macrophage influx or phenotype switching. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new molecular evidence supporting the notion that NSAIDs have a direct negative influence on muscle repair after acute strain injury in mice and thus add to renewed concern about the safety and benefits of NSAIDS in both children and adults, in those with progressive loss of muscle mass such as the elderly or patients with cancer or AIDS, and those at risk of secondary infection after trauma or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Bryant
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Aldape
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, ID, United States of America
| | - Clifford R. Bayer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Eva J. Katahira
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Laura Bond
- Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Fillmore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas O. Metz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Dennis L. Stevens
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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76
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Sanger JW, Wang J, Fan Y, White J, Mi-Mi L, Dube DK, Sanger JM, Pruyne D. Assembly and Maintenance of Myofibrils in Striated Muscle. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:39-75. [PMID: 27832381 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we present the current knowledge on de novo assembly, growth, and dynamics of striated myofibrils, the functional architectural elements developed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The data were obtained in studies of myofibrils formed in cultures of mouse skeletal and quail myotubes, in the somites of living zebrafish embryos, and in mouse neonatal and quail embryonic cardiac cells. The comparative view obtained revealed that the assembly of striated myofibrils is a three-step process progressing from premyofibrils to nascent myofibrils to mature myofibrils. This process is specified by the addition of new structural proteins, the arrangement of myofibrillar components like actin and myosin filaments with their companions into so-called sarcomeres, and in their precise alignment. Accompanying the formation of mature myofibrils is a decrease in the dynamic behavior of the assembling proteins. Proteins are most dynamic in the premyofibrils during the early phase and least dynamic in mature myofibrils in the final stage of myofibrillogenesis. This is probably due to increased interactions between proteins during the maturation process. The dynamic properties of myofibrillar proteins provide a mechanism for the exchange of older proteins or a change in isoforms to take place without disassembling the structural integrity needed for myofibril function. An important aspect of myofibril assembly is the role of actin-nucleating proteins in the formation, maintenance, and sarcomeric arrangement of the myofibrillar actin filaments. This is a very active field of research. We also report on several actin mutations that result in human muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Sanger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA.
| | - Jushuo Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - Yingli Fan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - Jennifer White
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - Dipak K Dube
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - Jean M Sanger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13224, USA.
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77
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Randazzo D, Blaauw B, Paolini C, Pierantozzi E, Spinozzi S, Lange S, Chen J, Protasi F, Reggiani C, Sorrentino V. Exercise-induced alterations and loss of sarcomeric M-line organization in the diaphragm muscle of obscurin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C16-C28. [PMID: 27784675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00098.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that skeletal muscle fibers of obscurin knockout (KO) mice present altered distribution of ankyrin B (ankB), disorganization of the subsarcolemmal microtubules, and reduced localization of dystrophin at costameres. In addition, these mice have impaired running endurance and increased exercise-induced sarcolemmal damage compared with wild-type animals. Here, we report results from a combined approach of physiological, morphological, and structural studies in which we further characterize the skeletal muscles of obscurin KO mice. A detailed examination of exercise performance, using different running protocols, revealed that the reduced endurance of obscurin KO animals on the treadmill depends on exercise intensity and age. Indeed, a mild running protocol did not evidence significant differences between control and obscurin KO mice, whereas comparison of running abilities of 2-, 6-, and 11-mo-old mice exercised at exhaustion revealed a progressive age-dependent reduction of the exercise tolerance in KO mice. Histological analysis indicated that heavy exercise induced leukocyte infiltration, fibrotic connective tissue deposition, and hypercontractures in the diaphragm of KO mice. On the same line, electron microscopy revealed that, in the diaphragm of exercised obscurin KO mice, but not in the hindlimb muscles, both M-line and H-zone of sarcomeres appeared wavy and less defined. Altogether, these results suggest that obscurin is required for the maintenance of morphological and ultrastructural integrity of skeletal muscle fibers against damage induced by intense mechanical stress and point to the diaphragm as the skeletal muscle most severely affected in obscurin-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Randazzo
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - B Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - C Paolini
- Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine & Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - E Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Spinozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Lange
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - J Chen
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - F Protasi
- Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine & Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - C Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; and.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - V Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; .,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
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78
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Depletion of Kindlin-2 induces cardiac dysfunction in mice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1123-1130. [PMID: 27722852 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kindlin-2, a member of the Kindlin family focal adhesion proteins, plays an important role in cardiac development. It is known that defects in the Z-disc proteins lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our previous investigation showed that Kindlin-2 is mainly localized at the Z-disc and depletion of Kindlin-2 disrupts the structure of the Z-Disc. Here, we reported that depletion of Kindlin-2 leads to the disordered myocardial fibers, fractured and vacuolar degeneration in myocardial fibers. Interestingly, depletion of Kindlin-2 in mice induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and increased the heart weight. Furthermore, decreased expression of Kindlin-2 led to cardiac dysfunction and also markedly impairs systolic function. Our data indicated that Kindlin-2 not only maintains the cardiac structure but also is required for cardiac function.
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79
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Brody MJ, Lee Y. The Role of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing Protein 10 (LRRC10) in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:337. [PMID: 27536250 PMCID: PMC4971440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiomyocyte-specific member of the Leucine-rich repeat containing (LRRC) protein superfamily with critical roles in cardiac function and disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have identified LRRC10 mutations in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Lrrc10 homozygous knockout mice develop DCM, strongly linking LRRC10 to the molecular etiology of DCM. LRRC10 localizes to the dyad region in cardiomyocytes where it can interact with actin and α-actinin at the Z-disc and associate with T-tubule components. Indeed, this region is becoming increasingly recognized as a signaling center in cardiomyocytes, not only for calcium cycling, excitation-contraction coupling, and calcium-sensitive hypertrophic signaling, but also as a nodal signaling hub where the myocyte can sense and respond to mechanical stress. Disruption of a wide range of critical structural and signaling molecules in cardiomyocytes confers susceptibility to cardiomyopathies in addition to the more classically studied mutations in sarcomeric proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM remain unclear. Here, we review what is known about the cardiomyocyte functions of LRRC10, lessons learned about LRRC10 and DCM from the Lrrc10 knockout mouse model, and discuss ongoing efforts to elucidate molecular mechanisms whereby mutation or absence of LRRC10 mediates cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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80
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Eftestøl E, Egner IM, Lunde IG, Ellefsen S, Andersen T, Sjåland C, Gundersen K, Bruusgaard JC. Increased hypertrophic response with increased mechanical load in skeletal muscles receiving identical activity patterns. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C616-C629. [PMID: 27488660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is often assumed that mechanical factors are important for effects of exercise on muscle, but during voluntary training and most experimental conditions the effects could solely be attributed to differences in electrical activity, and direct evidence for a mechanosensory pathway has been scarce. We here show that, in rat muscles stimulated in vivo under deep anesthesia with identical electrical activity patterns, isometric contractions induced twofold more hypertrophy than contractions with 50-60% of the isometric force. The number of myonuclei and the RNA levels of myogenin and myogenic regulatory factor 4 were increased with high load, suggesting that activation of satellite cells is mechano dependent. On the other hand, training induced a major shift in fiber type distribution from type 2b to 2x that was load independent, indicating that the electrical signaling rather than mechanosignaling controls fiber type. RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1) were not significantly differentially activated by load, suggesting that the differences in mechanical factors were not important for activating the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/S6K1 pathway. The transmembrane molecule syndecan-4 implied in overload hypertrophy in cardiac muscle was not load dependent, suggesting that mechanosignaling in skeletal muscle is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid M Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Sport Sciences, Lillehammer University College, Lillehammer, Norway; and
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jo C Bruusgaard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
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81
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Andrei SR, Sinharoy P, Bratz IN, Damron DS. TRPA1 is functionally co-expressed with TRPV1 in cardiac muscle: Co-localization at z-discs, costameres and intercalated discs. Channels (Austin) 2016; 10:395-409. [PMID: 27144598 PMCID: PMC4988441 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2016.1185579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channels of the ankyrin subtype-1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1) are structurally related, non-selective cation channels that show a high permeability to calcium. Previous studies indicate that TRP channels play a prominent role in the regulation of cardiovascular dynamics and homeostasis, but also contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases and disorders within the cardiovascular system. However, no studies to date have identified the functional expression and/or intracellular localization of TRPA1 in primary adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although TRPV1 has been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, there is a paucity of information regarding functional expression and localization of TRPV1 in adult CMs. Our current studies demonstrate that TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels are co-expressed at the protein level in CMs and both channels are expressed throughout the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. Moreover, immunocytochemical localization demonstrates that both channels predominantly colocalize at the Z-discs, costameres and intercalated discs. Furthermore, specific TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists elicit dose-dependent, transient rises in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that are abolished in CMs obtained from TRPA1−/− and TRPV1−/− mice. Similarly, we observed a dose-dependent attenuation of the TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonist-induced increase in [Ca2+]i when WT CMs were pretreated with increasing concentrations of selective TRPA1 or TRPV1 channel antagonists. In summary, these findings demonstrate functional expression and the precise ultrastructural localization of TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels in freshly isolated mouse CMs. Crosstalk between TRPA1 and TRPV1 may be important in mediating cellular signaling events in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Andrei
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Pritam Sinharoy
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Ian N Bratz
- b Department of Integrated Medical Sciences , Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , OH , USA
| | - Derek S Damron
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
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82
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Smith AST, Davis J, Lee G, Mack DL, Kim DH. Muscular dystrophy in a dish: engineered human skeletal muscle mimetics for disease modeling and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1387-1398. [PMID: 27109386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered in vitro models using human cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer a potential solution to issues associated with the use of animals for studying disease pathology and drug efficacy. Given the prevalence of muscle diseases in human populations, an engineered tissue model of human skeletal muscle could provide a biologically accurate platform to study basic muscle physiology, disease progression, and drug efficacy and/or toxicity. Such platforms could be used as phenotypic drug screens to identify compounds capable of alleviating or reversing congenital myopathies, such as Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we review current skeletal muscle modeling technologies with a specific focus on efforts to generate biomimetic systems for investigating the pathophysiology of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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83
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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84
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Ehler E. Cardiac cytoarchitecture - why the "hardware" is important for heart function! BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1857-63. [PMID: 26577135 PMCID: PMC5104690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells that constitute fully differentiated tissues are characterised by an architecture that makes them perfectly suited for the job they have to do. This is especially obvious for cardiomyocytes, which have an extremely regular shape and display a paracrystalline arrangement of their cytoplasmic components. This article will focus on the two major cytoskeletal multiprotein complexes that are found in cardiomyocytes, the myofibrils, which are responsible for contraction and the intercalated disc, which mediates mechanical and electrochemical contact between individual cardiomyocytes. Recent studies have revealed that these two sites are also crucial in sensing excessive mechanical strain. Signalling processes will be triggered that## lead to changes in gene expression and eventually lead to an altered cardiac cytoarchitecture in the diseased heart, which results in a compromised function. Thus, understanding these changes and the signals that lead to them is crucial to design treatment strategies that can attenuate these processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ehler
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence at King's College London, Cardiovascular Division and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK.
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85
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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86
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Talsness DM, Belanto JJ, Ervasti JM. Disease-proportional proteasomal degradation of missense dystrophins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12414-9. [PMID: 26392559 PMCID: PMC4603481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508755112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 427-kDa protein dystrophin is expressed in striated muscle where it physically links the interior of muscle fibers to the extracellular matrix. A range of mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin lead to a severe muscular dystrophy known as Duchenne (DMD) or a typically milder form known as Becker (BMD). Patients with nonsense mutations in dystrophin are specifically targeted by stop codon read-through drugs, whereas out-of-frame deletions and insertions are targeted by exon-skipping therapies. Both treatment strategies are currently in clinical trials. Dystrophin missense mutations, however, cause a wide range of phenotypic severity in patients. The molecular and cellular consequences of such mutations are not well understood, and there are no therapies specifically targeting this genotype. Here, we have modeled two representative missense mutations, L54R and L172H, causing DMD and BMD, respectively, in full-length dystrophin. In vitro, the mutation associated with the mild phenotype (L172H) caused a minor decrease in tertiary stability, whereas the L54R mutation associated with a severe phenotype had a more dramatic effect. When stably expressed in mammalian muscle cells, the mutations caused steady-state decreases in dystrophin protein levels inversely proportional to the tertiary stability and directly caused by proteasomal degradation. Both proteasome inhibitors and heat shock activators were able to increase mutant dystrophin to WT levels, establishing the new cell lines as a platform to screen for potential therapeutics personalized to patients with destabilized dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Talsness
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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87
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QU XINKAI, YUAN FANG, LI RUOGU, XU LEI, JING WEIFENG, LIU HUA, XU YINGJIA, ZHANG MIN, LIU XU, FANG WEIYI, YANG YIQING, QIU XINGBIAO. Prevalence and spectrum of LRRC10 mutations associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3718-3724. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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88
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Joustra SD, Meijer OC, Heinen CA, Mol IM, Laghmani EH, Sengers RMA, Carreno G, van Trotsenburg ASP, Biermasz NR, Bernard DJ, Wit JM, Oostdijk W, van Pelt AMM, Hamer G, Wagenaar GTM. Spatial and temporal expression of immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 in the rat. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:181-91. [PMID: 26163525 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1) gene cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism, macroorchidism, variable prolactin and GH deficiency, delayed pubertal testosterone rise, and obesity. To understand the pathophysiology of this syndrome, knowledge on IGSF1's place in normal development is imperative. Therefore, we investigated spatial and temporal protein and mRNA expression of IGSF1 in rats using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and in situ hybridization. We observed high levels of IGSF1 expression in the brain, specifically the embryonic and adult choroid plexus and hypothalamus (principally in glial cells), and in the pituitary gland (PIT1-lineage of GH, TSH, and PRL-producing cells). IGSF1 is also expressed in the embryonic and adult zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, and costameres of the heart and skeletal muscle. IGSF1 is highly expressed in fetal liver, but is absent shortly after birth. In the adult testis, IGSF1 is present in Sertoli cells (epithelial stages XIII-VI), and elongating spermatids (stages X-XII). Specificity of protein expression was corroborated with Igsf1 mRNA expression in all tissues. The expression patterns of IGSF1 in the pituitary gland and testis are consistent with the pituitary hormone deficiencies and macroorchidism observed in patients with IGSF1 deficiency. The expression in the brain, adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, and muscle suggest IGSF1's function in endocrine physiology might be more extensive than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Heinen
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel M Mol
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn M A Sengers
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Hamer
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, The NetherlandsDevelopmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeInstitute of Child Health, London, UKDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCenter for Reproductive MedicineWomen's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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89
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DMD Mutations in 576 Dystrophinopathy Families: A Step Forward in Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135189. [PMID: 26284620 PMCID: PMC4540588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) require precise genetic diagnosis because most therapeutic strategies are mutation-specific. To understand more about the genotype-phenotype correlations of the DMD gene we performed a comprehensive analysis of the DMD mutational spectrum in a large series of families. Here we provide the clinical, pathological and genetic features of 576 dystrophinopathy patients. DMD gene analysis was performed using the MLPA technique and whole gene sequencing in blood DNA and muscle cDNA. The impact of the DNA variants on mRNA splicing and protein functionality was evaluated by in silico analysis using computational algorithms. DMD mutations were detected in 576 unrelated dystrophinopathy families by combining the analysis of exonic copies and the analysis of small mutations. We found that 471 of these mutations were large intragenic rearrangements. Of these, 406 (70.5%) were exonic deletions, 64 (11.1%) were exonic duplications, and one was a deletion/duplication complex rearrangement (0.2%). Small mutations were identified in 105 cases (18.2%), most being nonsense/frameshift types (75.2%). Mutations in splice sites, however, were relatively frequent (20%). In total, 276 mutations were identified, 85 of which have not been previously described. The diagnostic algorithm used proved to be accurate for the molecular diagnosis of dystrophinopathies. The reading frame rule was fulfilled in 90.4% of DMD patients and in 82.4% of Becker muscular dystrophy patients (BMD), with significant differences between the mutation types. We found that 58% of DMD patients would be included in single exon-exon skipping trials, 63% from strategies directed against multiexon-skipping exons 45 to 55, and 14% from PTC therapy. A detailed analysis of missense mutations provided valuable information about their impact on the protein structure.
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90
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Le Rumeur E. Dystrophin and the two related genetic diseases, Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:14-20. [PMID: 26295289 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the dystrophin DMD gene, essentially deletions of one or several exons, are the cause of two devastating and to date incurable diseases, Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies. Depending upon the preservation or not of the reading frame, dystrophin is completely absent in DMD, or present in either a mutated or a truncated form in BMD. DMD is a severe disease which leads to a premature death of the patients. Therapy approaches are evolving with the aim to transform the severe DMD in the BMD form of the disease by restoring the expression of a mutated or truncated dystrophin. These therapies are based on the assumption that BMD is a mild disease. However, this is not completely true as BMD patients are more or less severely affected and no molecular basis of this heterogeneity of the BMD form of the disease is yet understood. The aim of this review is to report for the correlation between dystrophin structures in BMD deletions in view of this heterogeneity and to emphasize that examining BMD patients in details is highly relevant to anticipate for DMD therapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Le Rumeur
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Faculté de Médecine, Rennes Cedex.
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91
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Qi L, Yu Y, Chi X, Xu W, Lu D, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 interacts with α-actinin-2 and β1 integrin to maintain the integrity of the Z-disc in cardiac muscles. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2155-62. [PMID: 26143257 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kindlin-2, as an integrin-interacting protein, was known to be required for the maintenance of cardiac structure and function in zebrafish. However, the mechanism remains unclear. We found that Kindlin-2 interacts and colocalizes with α-actinin-2 at the Z-disc of mouse cardiac muscles and there Kindlin-2 also interacts with β1 integrin. Knockdown of Kindlin-2 influences the association of β1 integrin with α-actinin-2 and disrupts the structure of the Z-disc and leads to cardiac dysfunction. Our data indicated that Kindlin-2 is a novel α-actinin-2-interacting protein and plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaochun Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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92
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Pasipoularides A. Mechanotransduction Mechanisms for Intraventricular Diastolic Vortex Forces and Myocardial Deformations: Part 2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:293-318. [PMID: 25971844 PMCID: PMC4519381 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental in cardiac adaptations, remodeling, reverse remodeling, and disease. A primary goal of translational cardiovascular research is recognizing whether disease-related changes in phenotype can be averted by eliminating or reducing the effects of environmental epigenetic risks. There may be significant medical benefits in using gene-by-environment interaction knowledge to prevent or reverse organ abnormalities and disease. This survey proposes that "environmental" forces associated with diastolic RV/LV rotatory flows exert important, albeit still unappreciated, epigenetic actions influencing functional and morphological cardiac adaptations. Mechanisms analogous to Murray's law of hydrodynamic shear-induced endothelial cell modulation of vascular geometry are likely to link diastolic vortex-associated shear, torque and "squeeze" forces to RV/LV adaptations. The time has come to explore a new paradigm in which such forces play a fundamental epigenetic role, and to work out how heart cells react to them. Findings from various imaging modalities, computational fluid dynamics, molecular cell biology and cytomechanics are considered. The following are examined, among others: structural dynamics of myocardial cells (endocardium, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts), cytoskeleton, nucleoskeleton, and extracellular matrix; mechanotransduction and signaling; and mechanical epigenetic influences on genetic expression. To help integrate and focus relevant pluridisciplinary research, rotatory RV/LV filling flow is placed within a working context that has a cytomechanics perspective. This new frontier in cardiac research should uncover versatile mechanistic insights linking filling vortex patterns and attendant forces to variable expressions of gene regulation in RV/LV myocardium. In due course, it should reveal intrinsic homeostatic arrangements that support ventricular myocardial function and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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93
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EGR1 Functions as a Potent Repressor of MEF2 Transcriptional Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127641. [PMID: 26011708 PMCID: PMC4444265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor requires interactions with co-factors for precise regulation of its target genes. Our lab previously reported that the mammalian MEF2A isoform regulates the cardiomyocyte costamere, a critical muscle-specific focal adhesion complex involved in contractility, through its transcriptional control of genes encoding proteins localized to this cytoskeletal structure. To further dissect the transcriptional mechanisms of costamere gene regulation and identify potential co-regulators of MEF2A, a bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor binding sites was performed using the proximal promoter regions of selected costamere genes. One of these predicted sites belongs to the early growth response (EGR) transcription factor family. The EGR1 isoform has been shown to be involved in a number of pathways in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease, making it an intriguing candidate MEF2 coregulator to further characterize. Here, we demonstrate that EGR1 interacts with MEF2A and is a potent and specific repressor of MEF2 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we show that costamere gene expression in cardiomyocytes is dependent on EGR1 transcriptional activity. This study identifies a mechanism by which MEF2 activity can be modulated to ensure that costamere gene expression is maintained at levels commensurate with cardiomyocyte contractile activity.
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94
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Koutakis P, Miserlis D, Myers SA, Kim JKS, Zhu Z, Papoutsi E, Swanson SA, Haynatzki G, Ha DM, Carpenter LA, McComb RD, Johanning JM, Casale GP, Pipinos II. Abnormal accumulation of desmin in gastrocnemius myofibers of patients with peripheral artery disease: associations with altered myofiber morphology and density, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired limb function. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:256-69. [PMID: 25575565 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415569348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) develop a myopathy in their ischemic lower extremities, which is characterized by myofiber degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired limb function. Desmin, a protein of the cytoskeleton, is central to maintenance of the structure, shape and function of the myofiber and its organelles, especially the mitochondria, and to translation of sarcomere contraction into muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that disruption of the desmin network occurs in gastrocnemius myofibers of PAD patients and correlates with altered myofiber morphology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired limb function. Using fluorescence microscopy, we evaluated desmin organization and quantified myofiber content in the gastrocnemius of PAD and control patients. Desmin was highly disorganized in PAD but not control muscles and myofiber content was increased significantly in PAD compared to control muscles. By qPCR, we found that desmin gene transcripts were increased in the gastrocnemius of PAD patients as compared with control patients. Increased desmin and desmin gene transcripts in PAD muscles correlated with altered myofiber morphology, decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced calf muscle strength and decreased walking performance. In conclusion, our studies identified disruption of the desmin system in gastrocnemius myofibers as an index of the myopathy and limitation of muscle function in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Sara A Myers
- Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska (SAM)
| | - Julian Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Stanley A Swanson
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Gleb Haynatzki
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (GH)
| | - Duy M Ha
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Lauren A Carpenter
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | | | - Jason M Johanning
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP),Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska (JMJ, IIP)
| | - George P Casale
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP)
| | - Iraklis I Pipinos
- Department of Surgery (PK, DM, JKK, ZZ, EP, SAS, DMH, LAC, JMJ, GPC, IIP),Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska (JMJ, IIP)
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95
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García-Pelagio KP, Muriel J, O'Neill A, Desmond PF, Lovering RM, Lund L, Bond M, Bloch RJ. Myopathic changes in murine skeletal muscle lacking synemin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C448-62. [PMID: 25567810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00331.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of striated muscle linked to intermediate filament (IF) proteins are associated with defects in the organization of the contractile apparatus and its links to costameres, which connect the sarcomeres to the cell membrane. Here we study the role in skeletal muscle of synemin, a type IV IF protein, by examining mice null for synemin (synm-null). Synm-null mice have a mild skeletal muscle phenotype. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles show a significant decrease in mean fiber diameter, a decrease in twitch and tetanic force, and an increase in susceptibility to injury caused by lengthening contractions. Organization of proteins associated with the contractile apparatus and costameres is not significantly altered in the synm-null. Elastimetry of the sarcolemma and associated contractile apparatus in extensor digitorum longus myofibers reveals a reduction in tension consistent with an increase in sarcolemmal deformability. Although fatigue after repeated isometric contractions is more marked in TA muscles of synm-null mice, the ability of the mice to run uphill on a treadmill is similar to controls. Our results suggest that synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus and that the absence of synemin results in decreased fiber size and increased sarcolemmal deformability and susceptibility to injury. Thus synemin plays a moderate but distinct role in fast twitch skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P García-Pelagio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joaquin Muriel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea O'Neill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick F Desmond
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda Lund
- Merrick School of Business, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Meredith Bond
- College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland;
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96
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Gueugneau M, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Gourbeyre O, Chambon C, Combaret L, Polge C, Taillandier D, Attaix D, Friguet B, Maier AB, Butler-Browne G, Béchet D. Proteomics of muscle chronological ageing in post-menopausal women. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1165. [PMID: 25532418 PMCID: PMC4523020 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle ageing contributes to both loss of functional autonomy and increased morbidity. Muscle atrophy accelerates after 50 years of age, but the mechanisms involved are complex and likely result from the alteration of a variety of interrelated functions. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle chronological ageing in human, we have undertaken a top-down differential proteomic approach to identify novel biomarkers after the fifth decade of age. Results Muscle samples were compared between adult (56 years) and old (78 years) post-menopausal women. In addition to total muscle extracts, low-ionic strength extracts were investigated to remove high abundance myofibrillar proteins and improve the detection of low abundance proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoreses with overlapping IPGs were used to improve the separation of muscle proteins. Overall, 1919 protein spots were matched between all individuals, 95 were differentially expressed and identified by mass spectrometry, and they corresponded to 67 different proteins. Our results suggested important modifications in cytosolic, mitochondrial and lipid energy metabolism, which may relate to dysfunctions in old muscle force generation. A fraction of the differentially expressed proteins were linked to the sarcomere and cytoskeleton (myosin light-chains, troponin T, ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein-2, vinculin, four and a half LIM domain protein-3), which may account for alterations in contractile properties. In line with muscle contraction, we also identified proteins related to calcium signal transduction (calsequestrin-1, sarcalumenin, myozenin-1, annexins). Muscle ageing was further characterized by the differential regulation of several proteins implicated in cytoprotection (catalase, peroxiredoxins), ion homeostasis (carbonic anhydrases, selenium-binding protein 1) and detoxification (aldo-keto reductases, aldehyde dehydrogenases). Notably, many of the differentially expressed proteins were central for proteostasis, including heat shock proteins and proteins involved in proteolysis (valosin-containing protein, proteasome subunit beta type-4, mitochondrial elongation factor-Tu). Conclusions This study describes the most extensive proteomic analysis of muscle ageing in humans, and identified 34 new potential biomarkers. None of them were previously recognized as differentially expressed in old muscles, and each may represent a novel starting point to elucidate the mechanisms of muscle chronological ageing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gueugneau
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Pôle Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Ophélie Gourbeyre
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Composante Protéique, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
| | - Lydie Combaret
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cécile Polge
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Didier Attaix
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing - IBPS, CNRS-UMR 8256, INSERM U1164, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherches en Myologie UMR 974 76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Béchet
- INRA, UMR 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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97
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Etheridge T, Rahman M, Gaffney CJ, Shaw D, Shephard F, Magudia J, Solomon DE, Milne T, Blawzdziewicz J, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Vanapalli SA, Szewczyk NJ. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2014; 29:1235-46. [PMID: 25491313 PMCID: PMC4396603 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The integrin-adhesome network, which contains >150 proteins, is mechano-transducing and located at discreet positions along the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interface. A small subset of the integrin-adhesome is known to maintain normal muscle morphology. However, the importance of the entire adhesome for muscle structure and function is unknown. We used RNA interference to knock down 113 putative Caenorhabditis elegans homologs constituting most of the mammalian adhesome and 48 proteins known to localize to attachment sites in C. elegans muscle. In both cases, we found >90% of components were required for normal muscle mitochondrial structure and/or proteostasis vs. empty vector controls. Approximately half of these, mainly proteins that physically interact with each other, were also required for normal sarcomere and/or adhesome structure. Next we confirmed that the dystrophy observed in adhesome mutants associates with impaired maximal mitochondrial ATP production (P < 0.01), as well as reduced probability distribution of muscle movement forces compared with wild-type animals. Our results show that the integrin-adhesome network as a whole is required for maintaining both muscle structure and function and extend the current understanding of the full complexities of the functional adhesome in vivo.—Etheridge, T., Rahman, M., Gaffney, C. J., Shaw, D., Shephard, F., Magudia, J., Solomon, D. E., Milne, T., Blawzdziewicz, J., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Vanapalli, S. A., Szewczyk, N. J. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Etheridge
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Shaw
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Shephard
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jignesh Magudia
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak E Solomon
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Milne
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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98
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Abstract
Muscle cells have an elaborate plasma membrane and t-tubule system that has been evolutionarily refined to maximize electrical conductivity for synchronous muscle contraction. However, this elaborate plasma membrane network has intrinsic vulnerabilities to stretch-induced membrane injury, and thus requires ongoing maintenance and repair. Herein we discuss the types of membrane injuries encountered by myofibers in healthy muscle and in muscular dystrophy. We review the different mechanisms by which muscle fibers in patients with muscular dystrophy are rendered more susceptible to injury, and we summarize the latest developments in our understanding of how the muscular dystrophy protein dysferlin mediates satellite-cell independent membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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99
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Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Mechanisms modulating skeletal muscle phenotype. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1645-87. [PMID: 24265241 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a variety of highly specialized fibers whose selective recruitment allows muscles to fulfill their diverse functional tasks. In addition, skeletal muscle fibers can change their structural and functional properties to perform new tasks or respond to new conditions. The adaptive changes of muscle fibers can occur in response to variations in the pattern of neural stimulation, loading conditions, availability of substrates, and hormonal signals. The new conditions can be detected by multiple sensors, from membrane receptors for hormones and cytokines, to metabolic sensors, which detect high-energy phosphate concentration, oxygen and oxygen free radicals, to calcium binding proteins, which sense variations in intracellular calcium induced by nerve activity, to load sensors located in the sarcomeric and sarcolemmal cytoskeleton. These sensors trigger cascades of signaling pathways which may ultimately lead to changes in fiber size and fiber type. Changes in fiber size reflect an imbalance in protein turnover with either protein accumulation, leading to muscle hypertrophy, or protein loss, with consequent muscle atrophy. Changes in fiber type reflect a reprogramming of gene transcription leading to a remodeling of fiber contractile properties (slow-fast transitions) or metabolic profile (glycolytic-oxidative transitions). While myonuclei are in postmitotic state, satellite cells represent a reserve of new nuclei and can be involved in the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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100
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Hnia K, Ramspacher C, Vermot J, Laporte J. Desmin in muscle and associated diseases: beyond the structural function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:591-608. [PMID: 25358400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Desmin is a muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. In human, mutations affecting desmin expression or promoting its aggregation lead to skeletal (desmin-related myopathies), or cardiac (desmin-related cardiomyopathy) phenotypes, or both. Patient muscles display intracellular accumulations of misfolded proteins and desmin-positive insoluble granulofilamentous aggregates, leading to a large spectrum of molecular alterations. Increasing evidence shows that desmin function is not limited to the structural and mechanical integrity of cells. This novel perception is strongly supported by the finding that diseases featuring desmin aggregates cannot be easily associated with mechanical defects, but rather involve desmin filaments in a broader spectrum of functions, such as in organelle positioning and integrity and in signaling. Here, we review desmin functions and related diseases affecting striated muscles. We detail emergent cellular functions of desmin based on reported phenotypes in patients and animal models. We discuss known desmin protein partners and propose an overview of the way that this molecular network could serve as a signal transduction platform necessary for proper muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hnia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,
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