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Hu J, Lemasters JJ. Suppression of iron mobilization from lysosomes to mitochondria attenuates liver injury after acetaminophen overdose in vivo in mice: Protection by minocycline. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 392:114930. [PMID: 32109512 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes hepatotoxicity involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies showed that translocation of Fe2+ from lysosomes into mitochondria by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) promotes the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) after APAP. Here, our Aim was to assess protection by iron chelation and MCU inhibition against APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. C57BL/6 mice and hepatocytes were administered toxic doses of APAP with and without starch-desferal (an iron chelator), minocycline (MCU inhibitor), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In mice, starch-desferal and minocycline pretreatment decreased ALT and liver necrosis after APAP by >60%. At 24 h after APAP, loss of fluorescence of mitochondrial rhodamine 123 occurred in pericentral hepatocytes often accompanied by propidium iodide labeling, indicating mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Starch-desferal and minocycline pretreatment decreased mitochondrial depolarization and cell death by more than half. In cultured hepatocytes, cell killing at 10 h after APAP decreased from 83% to 49%, 35% and 27%, respectively, by 1 h posttreatment with minocycline, NAC, and minocycline plus NAC. With 4 h posttreatment in vivo, minocycline and minocycline plus NAC decreased ALT and necrosis by ~20% and ~50%, respectively, but NAC alone was not effective. In conclusion, minocycline and starch-desferal decrease mitochondrial dysfunction and severe liver injury after APAP overdose, suggesting that the MPT is likely triggered by iron uptake into mitochondria through MCU. In vivo, minocycline and minocycline plus NAC posttreatment after APAP protect at later time points than NAC alone, indicating that minocycline has a longer window of efficacy than NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangting Hu
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America.
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52
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Raigani S, Karimian N, Huang V, Zhang AM, Beijert I, Geerts S, Nagpal S, Hafiz EOA, Fontan FM, Aburawi MM, Mahboub P, Markmann JF, Porte RJ, Uygun K, Yarmush M, Yeh H. Metabolic and lipidomic profiling of steatotic human livers during ex situ normothermic machine perfusion guides resuscitation strategies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228011. [PMID: 31978172 PMCID: PMC6980574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There continues to be a significant shortage of donor livers for transplantation. One impediment is the discard rate of fatty, or steatotic, livers because of their poor post-transplant function. Steatotic livers are prone to significant ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and data regarding how best to improve the quality of steatotic livers is lacking. Herein, we use normothermic (37°C) machine perfusion in combination with metabolic and lipidomic profiling to elucidate deficiencies in metabolic pathways in steatotic livers, and to inform strategies for improving their function. During perfusion, energy cofactors increased in steatotic livers to a similar extent as non-steatotic livers, but there were significant deficits in anti-oxidant capacity, efficient energy utilization, and lipid metabolism. Steatotic livers appeared to oxidize fatty acids at a higher rate but favored ketone body production rather than energy regeneration via the tricyclic acid cycle. As a result, lactate clearance was slower and transaminase levels were higher in steatotic livers. Lipidomic profiling revealed ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in non-steatotic livers to a greater extent than in steatotic livers. The novel use of metabolic and lipidomic profiling during ex situ normothermic machine perfusion has the potential to guide the resuscitation and rehabilitation of steatotic livers for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Raigani
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Negin Karimian
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viola Huang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Zhang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Beijert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sharon Geerts
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sonal Nagpal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ehab O. A. Hafiz
- Electron Microscopy Research Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fermin M. Fontan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohamed M. Aburawi
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paria Mahboub
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James F. Markmann
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Porte
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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53
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Plasma Krebs Cycle Intermediates in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020314. [PMID: 31979094 PMCID: PMC7073566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD is still not fully elucidated, multiple studies have demonstrated evidence of molecular, biochemical, and biophysical mitochondrial abnormalities in NAFLD. Given the association between NAFLD and mitochondrial dysfunction, the aim of this study is to analyze circulating levels of Krebs cycle intermediates in a cohort of NAFLD-affected individuals and matching healthy controls and to correlate our findings with the liver function metrics. Standard serum biochemistry and Krebs cycle intermediates were analyzed in NAFLD (n = 22) and matched control (n = 67) cohorts. Circulating levels of isocitrate and citrate were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the NAFLD cohort of patients. The area under the curve (AUROC) for these two metabolites exhibited a moderate clinical utility. Correlations between plasma Krebs cycle intermediates and standard clinical plasma metrics were explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The data obtained for plasma Krebs cycle intermediates suggest pathophysiological insights that link mitochondrial dysfunction with NAFLD. Our findings reveal that plasma isocitrate and citrate can discriminate between normal and NAFLD cohorts and can be utilized as noninvasive markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD. Future studies with large populations at different NAFLD stages are warranted.
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Kumar A, Davuluri G, Welch N, Kim A, Gangadhariah M, Allawy A, Priyadarshini A, McMullen MR, Sandlers Y, Willard B, Hoppel CL, Nagy LE, Dasarathy S. Oxidative stress mediates ethanol-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated protein synthesis and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:284-299. [PMID: 31574345 PMCID: PMC6910229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein synthesis and autophagy are regulated by cellular ATP content. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to impaired protein synthesis and increased proteolysis resulting in tissue atrophy in a comprehensive array of models. In myotubes treated with ethanol, using unbiased approaches, we identified defects in mitochondrial electron transport chain components, endogenous antioxidants, and enzymes regulating the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Using high sensitivity respirometry, we observed impaired cellular respiration, decreased function of complexes I, II, and IV, and a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation in ethanol-treated myotubes and muscle from ethanol-fed mice. These perturbations resulted in lower skeletal muscle ATP content and redox ratio (NAD+/NADH). Ethanol also caused a leak of electrons, primarily from complex III, with generation of mitochondrial ROS and reverse electron transport. Oxidant stress with lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and protein oxidation (carbonylated proteins) were increased in myotubes and skeletal muscle from mice and humans with alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol also impaired succinate oxidation in the TCA cycle with decreased metabolic intermediates. MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial specific antioxidant, reversed ethanol-induced mitochondrial perturbations (including reduced oxygen consumption, generation of ROS and oxidative stress), increased TCA cycle intermediates, and reversed impaired protein synthesis and the sarcopenic phenotype. We show that ethanol causes skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased protein synthesis, and increased autophagy, and that these perturbations are reversed by targeting mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahesha Gangadhariah
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allawy Allawy
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yana Sandlers
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- The Department of Proteomics Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- The Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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55
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Fromenty B. Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in drug-induced hepatic steatosis. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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56
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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57
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Simoes IC, Janikiewicz J, Bauer J, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Kalinowski P, Dobrzyń A, Wolski A, Pronicki M, Zieniewicz K, Dobrzyń P, Krawczyk M, Zischka H, Wieckowski MR, Potes Y. Fat and Sugar-A Dangerous Duet. A Comparative Review on Metabolic Remodeling in Rodent Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2871. [PMID: 31771244 PMCID: PMC6950566 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western society and ranges from steatosis to steatohepatitis to end-stage liver disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms that are involved in the progression of steatosis to more severe liver damage in patients are not fully understood. A deeper investigation of NAFLD pathogenesis is possible due to the many different animal models developed recently. In this review, we present a comparative overview of the most common dietary NAFLD rodent models with respect to their metabolic phenotype and morphological manifestation. Moreover, we describe similarities and controversies concerning the effect of NAFLD-inducing diets on mitochondria as well as mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C.M. Simoes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
| | - Judith Bauer
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany; (J.B.); (H.Z.)
| | | | - Piotr Kalinowski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
| | - Andrzej Wolski
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Pronicki
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-W.); (M.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Zieniewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Paweł Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany; (J.B.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (J.J.); (A.D.); (P.D.); (Y.P.)
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58
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Ilchenko S, Haddad A, Sadana P, Recchia FA, Sadygov RG, Kasumov T. Calculation of the Protein Turnover Rate Using the Number of Incorporated 2H Atoms and Proteomics Analysis of a Single Labeled Sample. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14340-14351. [PMID: 31638786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rate constant estimation with heavy water requires a long-term experiment with data collection at multiple time points (3-4 weeks for mitochondrial proteome dynamics in mice and much longer in other species). When tissue proteins are analyzed, this approach requires euthanizing animals at each time point or multiple tissue biopsies in humans. Although short-term protocols are available, they require knowledge of the maximum number of isotope labels (N) and accurate quantification of observed 2H-enrichment in the peptide. The high-resolution accurate mass spectrometers used for proteome dynamics studies are characterized by a systematic spectral error that compromises these measurements. To circumvent these issues, we developed a simple algorithm for the rate constant calculation based on a single labeled sample and comparable unlabeled (time 0) sample. The algorithm determines N for all proteogenic amino acids from a long-term experiment to calculate the predicted plateau 2H-labeling of peptides for a short-term protocol and estimates the rate constant based on the measured baseline and the predicted plateau 2H-labeling of peptides. The method was validated based on the rate constant estimation in a long-term experiment in mice and dogs. The improved 2 time-point method enables the rate constant calculation with less than 10% relative error compared to the bench-marked multi-point method in mice and dogs and allows us to detect diet-induced subtle changes in ApoAI turnover in mice. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a new algorithm for protein rate constant calculation based on 2-time point measurements that could also be applied to other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Ilchenko
- Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio 44272 , United States
| | - Andrew Haddad
- Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio 44272 , United States
| | - Prabodh Sadana
- Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio 44272 , United States
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio , 56100 Pisa , Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19140 , United States
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , Texas 77555 , United States
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio 44272 , United States
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