51
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Joe Y, Zheng M, Kim HJ, Kim S, Uddin MJ, Park C, Ryu DG, Kang SS, Ryoo S, Ryter SW, Chang KC, Chung HT. Salvianolic acid B exerts vasoprotective effects through the modulation of heme oxygenase-1 and arginase activities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:850-8. [PMID: 22442118 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.190736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the vasoprotective effects of Danshen remain largely unknown. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) represents one of the most bioactive compounds that can be extracted from the water-soluble fraction of Danshen. We investigated the effects of Danshen and Sal B on the inflammatory response in murine macrophages. Danshen and Sal B both induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibition of HO activity using Sn-protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP) abolished the inhibitory effect of Sal B on NO production and iNOS expression. Sal B increased macrophage arginase activity in a dose-dependent manner and diminished LPS-inducible tumor necrosis factor-α production. These effects were also reversed by SnPP. These data suggest that HO-1 expression plays an intermediary role in the anti-inflammatory effects of Sal B. In contrast to the observations in macrophages, Sal B dose-dependently inhibited arginase activity in murine liver, kidney, and vascular tissue. Furthermore, Sal B increased NO production in isolated mouse aortas through the inhibition of arginase activity and reduction of reactive oxygen species production. We conclude that Sal B improves vascular function by inhibiting inflammatory responses and promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Taken together, we suggest that Sal B may represent a potent candidate therapeutic for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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52
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A target analogue imprinted polymer for the recognition of antiplatelet active ingredients in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae by LC/MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 58:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Han DE, Zheng Y, Chen X, He J, Zhao D, Yang S, Zhang C, Yang Z. Identification and Characterization of Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases Responsible for the In Vitro Glucuronidation of Salvianolic Acid A. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:579-85. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang LL, Li DY, Zhang YB, Zhu MY, Chen D, Xu TD. Salvianolic acid A inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by attenuating the production of ROS. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:41-8. [PMID: 22101169 PMCID: PMC4010265 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the action of salvianolic acid A (SalA) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible signaling pathways mediating this action. METHODS Cell proliferation was examined with MTT assay. The expression levels of Src phosphorylation (phospho-Src), Akt phosphorylation (phospho-Akt), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in HUVECs were determined by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS SalA (6.25-50 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly increased the cell viability; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) prevented Ang II-induced increase of the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly up-regulated the protein expression levels of phospho-Src, phospho-Akt (473) and Nox4; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked all the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) dramatically increased ROS production in HUVECs; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked the ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION SalA inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation of HUVECs via reducing the expression levels of phospho-Src and phospho-Akt (473), thereby attenuating the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan-luan Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dong-ye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yan-bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Man-yi Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Tong-da Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Salvianolic Acid A Demonstrates Cardioprotective Effects in Rat Hearts and Cardiomyocytes After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:535-42. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31822de355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen T, Cao H, Zhu S, Lu Y, Shang Y, Wang M, Tang Y, Zhu L. Investigation of the binding of Salvianolic acid B to human serum albumin and the effect of metal ions on the binding. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 81:645-652. [PMID: 21782496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The studies on the interaction between HSA and drugs have been an interesting research field in life science, chemistry and clinical medicine. There are also many metal ions present in blood plasma, thus the research about the effect of metal ions on the interaction between drugs and plasma proteins is crucial. In this study, the interaction of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by the steady-state, synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The results showed that Sal B had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching mechanism. Binding parameters calculated showed that Sal B was bound to HSA with the binding affinities of 10(5) L mol(-1). The thermodynamic parameters studies revealed that the binding was characterized by positive enthalpy and positive entropy changes, and hydrophobic interactions were the predominant intermolecular forces to stabilize the complex. The specific binding distance r (2.93 nm) between donor (HSA) and acceptor (Sal B) was obtained according to Förster non-radiative resonance energy transfer theory. The synchronous fluorescence experiment revealed that Sal B cannot lead to the microenvironmental changes around the Tyr and Trp residues of HSA, and the binding site of Sal B on HSA is located in hydrophobic cavity of subdomain IIA. The CD spectroscopy indicated the secondary structure of HSA is not changed in the presence of Sal B. Furthermore, The effect of metal ions (e.g. Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Fe(3+)) on the binding constant of Sal B-HSA complex was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
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Lai XJ, Zhang L, Li JS, Liu HQ, Liu XH, Di LQ, Cai BC, Chen LH. Comparative pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of three salvianolic acids after the administration of Salviae miltiorrhizae alone or with synthetical borneol in rats. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:883-8. [PMID: 21575691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salviae miltiorrhizae is one of the most commonly used herbal plants in the treatment of numerous ailments including cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years. According to the theory of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, S. miltiorrhizae is always used in combination with borneol to obtain better pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability of S. miltiorrhizae. The pharmacokinetics studying on rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B which are the main active compounds of S. miltiorrhizae in rat plasma, was achieved using a optimal high-performance liquid chromatographic technique coupled with liquid-liquid extraction method. After administration of either single salvianolic acids or salvianolic acids in combination with borneol, plasma concentrations of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B of male Sprague-Dawley rats were determined at different time points (5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min). In comparison with salvianolic acid extract alone, there were statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid A, and the bioavailability of the three salvianolic acids increased by different degrees when the salvianolic acid extract and borneol were administered together. These results indicated that borneol could enhance the intestinal absorption, decrease the distribution and inhibit the metabolism of salvianolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Qixia Road, Nanjing 210046, China
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Wang X, Yang J, Wang Q. Qualitative analysis and simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza by HPLC-DAD and ESI/MS(n). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:247-257. [PMID: 21046689 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing demands of roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza almost exhausted the wild Salvia sources in China. However, the content and composition of phenolic acids in the aerial parts of the plant and their potential to be used as a substitute has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza as new natural sources of phenolic acids. METHODOLOGY HPLC coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI/MS(n) ) has been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. RESULTS A total of 38 phenolic compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. A quantitative HPLC-DAD method allowing the simultaneously quantification of six phenolic acids was optimized and validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification. Calibration curves showed good linear regression (r² > 0.9991) within test ranges; the recoveries ranged between 95.64 and 101.67% and the RSDs were less than 3.01%. CONCLUSION The developed methods have been proved to be effective for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza. The results obtained suggest that the aerial parts of the plant could be used as an alternative source of sage phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Li W, Xu L, Chen L. In Salvia miltiorrhiza, phenolic acids possess protective properties against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity, and tanshinones act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:443-452. [PMID: 21787715 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (RSM), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been alleged to possess therapeutic effects against senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of the major components in RSM on cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and on acetylcholinesterase activity have not been studied in depth to date. In this report, the effects of RSM aqueous/ethanol extracts, total polyphenols, total tanshinones and 3 phenolic compounds against toxicity mediated by Aβ(25-35) were tested with PC-12 cells. The results showed that Aβ(25-35)-induced cytotoxicity was revised by RSM aqueous/ethanol extracts and total polyphenols and that danshensu and salvianolic acid B could protect PC-12 cells by blocking Aβ(25-35)-induced Ca(2+)-intake, lactate dehydrogenase release, cell viability decrease and apoptosis. In addition, the activities of RSM extracts and relevant constituents in their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase were investigated using rat brain homogenates as an enzyme resource. Galanthamine hydrobromide, an accepted acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was employed as a positive control agent. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that RSM ethanol extract, total tanshinones, tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I had remarkable inhibition effects on acetylcholinesterase in vitro. These findings suggest that both tanshinones and polyphenols in RSM are the active constituents responsible for the beneficial effects of this herb in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- New Medicine R&D Center, Disha Pharmaceutical Group, Weihai 264205, PR China.
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60
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Chen T, Zhu S, Cao H, Shang Y, Wang M, Jiang G, Shi Y, Lu T. Studies on the interaction of salvianolic acid B with human hemoglobin by multi-spectroscopic techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1295-1301. [PMID: 21277824 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and human hemoglobin (HHb) under physiological conditions was investigated by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. The experimental results indicate that the quenching mechanism of fluorescence of HHb by Sal B is a static quenching procedure, the binding reaction is spontaneous, and the hydrophobic interactions play a major role in binding of Sal B to HHb. Based on Förster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer, the binding distance between Sal B and the inner tryptophan residues of HHb was determined to be 2.64 nm. The synchronous fluorescence experiment revealed that Sal B can not lead to the microenvironmental changes around the Tyr and Trp residues of HHb, and the binding site of Sal B on HHb is located at α(1)β(2) interface of HHb. Furthermore, the CD spectroscopy indicated the secondary structure of HHb is not changed in the presence of Sal B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
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61
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Effects of salvianolic Acid B on protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:213050. [PMID: 21423689 PMCID: PMC3057447 DOI: 10.1155/2011/213050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a pure water-soluble compound extracted from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, has been reported to possess potential cardioprotective efficacy. To identify proteins or pathways by which Sal B might exert its protective activities on the cardiovascular system, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based comparative proteomics was performed, and proteins altered in their expression level after Sal B treatment were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated at Sal B concentrations that can be reached in human plasma by pharmacological intervention. Results indicated that caldesmon, an actin-stabilizing protein, was downregulated in Sal B-exposed HUVECs. Proteins that showed increased expression levels upon Sal B treatment were vimentin, T-complex protein 1, protein disulfide isomerase, tropomyosin alpha, heat shock protein beta-1, UBX domain-containing protein 1, alpha enolase, and peroxiredoxin-2. Additionally, Sal B leads to increased phosphorylation of nucleophosmin in a dose-dependent manner and promotes proliferation of HUVECs. We found that Sal B exhibited a coordinated regulation of enzymes and proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, oxidative stress, and cell growth. Our investigation would provide understanding to the endothelium protection information of Sal B.
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Ma C, Yao Y, Yue QX, Zhou XW, Yang PY, Wu WY, Guan SH, Jiang BH, Yang M, Liu X, Guo DA. Differential proteomic analysis of platelets suggested possible signal cascades network in platelets treated with salvianolic acid B. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14692. [PMID: 21379382 PMCID: PMC3040754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salvianolic acid B (SB) is an active component isolated from Danshen, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Previous study suggested that SB might inhibit adhesion as well as aggregation of platelets by a mechanism involving the integrin α2β1. But, the signal cascades in platelets after SB binding are still not clear. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, a differential proteomic analysis (two-dimensional electrophoresis) was conducted to check the protein expression profiles of rat platelets with or without treatment of SB. Proteins altered in level after SB exposure were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Treatment of SB caused regulation of 20 proteins such as heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (hsp70), LIM domain protein CLP-36, copine I, peroxiredoxin-2, coronin-1 B and cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain 2C. The regulation of SB on protein levels was confirmed by Western blotting. The signal cascades network induced by SB after its binding with integrin α2β1 was predicted. To certify the predicted network, binding affinity of SB to integrin α2β1 was checked in vitro and ex vivo in platelets. Furthermore, the effects of SB on protein levels of hsp70, coronin-1B and intracellular levels of Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were checked with or without pre-treatment of platelets using antibody against integrin α2β1. Electron microscopy study confirmed that SB affected cytoskeleton structure of platelets. Conclusions/Significance Integrin α2β1 might be one of the direct target proteins of SB in platelets. The signal cascades network of SB after binding with integrin α2β1 might include regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) level, cytoskeleton-related proteins such as coronin-1B and cytoskeleton structure of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Salvianolic Acid B, a potential chemopreventive agent, for head and neck squamous cell cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2011:534548. [PMID: 21209716 PMCID: PMC3010684 DOI: 10.1155/2011/534548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the top ten cancers in the United States. The survival rate of HNSCC has only marginally improved over the last two decades. In addition, African-American men bear a disproportionate burden of this preventable disease. Therefore, a critical challenge of preventive health approaches is warranted. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, which is a well-know Chinese medicines has been safely used to treat and prevent aging diseases for thousand of years. Recently, the anticancer properties of Sal-B have received more attention. Sal-B significantly inhibits or delays the growth of HNSCC in both cultured HNSCC cells and HNSCC xenograft animal models. The following anticancer mechanisms have been proposed: the inhibition of COX-2/PGE-2 pathway, the promotion of apoptosis, and the modulation of angiogenesis. In conclusion, Sal-B is a potential HNSCC chemopreventive agent working through antioxidation and anti-inflammation mechanisms.
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Zhang YQ, Tang Y, Wu AL, Zhu HB. Salvianolic acid A displays cardioprotective effects in in vitro models of heart hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2010; 12:899-915. [PMID: 20924904 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2010.510115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. In the present study, effects of salvianolic acid A (1) on heart H/R injury through its antioxidant activity were examined, using a molecule-based ROS scavenging system and cardiomyocyte model of H/R injury, as well as isolated rat heart model. As a result, 1 showed a potent antioxidant activity, scavenging all of the tested ROS and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The antioxidant effect of 1 was also observed in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R. Compound 1 remarkably decreased dihydroethidium and dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨ(m), when compared to the H/R group. In isolated rat hearts exposed to H/R, 1 markedly increased the coronary flow, the peak of pressure development and the valley of pressure development, and significantly reduced the left ventricular end diastolic pressure when compared to the H/R group. These results suggested that 1 had significant protective effects against H/R-induced myocardial injury through its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang LJ, Chen L, Lu Y, Wu JM, Xu B, Sun ZG, Zheng SZ, Wang AY. Danshensu has anti-tumor activity in B16F10 melanoma by inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 643:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chen Y, Duan G, Xie M, Chen B, Li Y. Infrared-assisted extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of eight active compounds in Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2888-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation, neurite outgrowth and differentiation of neural stem cells derived from the cerebral cortex of embryonic mice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:653-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-3106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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68
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Huang ZS, Zeng CL, Zhu LJ, Jiang L, Li N, Hu H. Salvianolic acid A inhibits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis via inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1383-93. [PMID: 20345719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a herb that is widely used for atherothrombotic disease treatment in Asian medicine. As platelets play pivotal roles in atherothrombogenesis, we studied the effect of SAA on platelet activation and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS SAA dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen and U46619. It reduced ADP-enhanced platelet P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding, which consequently hampered ADP-induced platelet-leukocyte aggregation. SAA also inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen, a process mediated by outside-in signaling. Under an arterial shear rate of 1000 s(-1), SAA decreased platelet adhesion on collagen surfaces by approximately 40%. Western blot analysis showed that SAA, like the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and TGX-221, potently inhibited PI3K, as shown by reduced Akt phosphorylation. The in vitro findings were further evaluated in the mouse model of arterial thrombosis, in which SAA prolonged the mesenteric arterial occlusion time in wild-type mice (35 + or - 2 min without SAA and 56 + or - 4 min with SAA; P < 0.01). Interestingly, SAA could even counteract the shortened arterial occlusion time in Ldlr(tm1Her) mutant mice (21 + or - 2 min without SAA and 45 + or - 4 min with SAA; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SAA inhibits platelet activation via the inhibition of PI3K, and attenuates arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Our data suggest that SAA may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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69
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Wang SX, Hu LM, Gao XM, Guo H, Fan GW. Anti-inflammatory activity of salvianolic acid B in microglia contributes to its neuroprotective effect. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1029-37. [PMID: 20238162 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a major active component of Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, may exert an anti-inflammatory effect in microglia and may be neuroprotective by regulating microglial activation. Our results showed that Sal B significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in rat primary microglia in a dose-dependent manner. Sal B had no effects on ATP-dependent IL-1beta release and interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced NO production. Sal B also suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta mRNA expression, which was accompanied by inhibiting transcription factor NF-kappaB activation. Sal B could protect neurons through inhibition of microglial activation in a microglia-neuron coculture system. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that anti-inflammatory activity of Sal B in microglia contributes to its neuroprotective effect and suggest that it may be useful for preventing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, 300193, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
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Wu WWP, Yeung JHK. Inhibition of warfarin hydroxylation by major tanshinones of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in the rat in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:219-226. [PMID: 19577456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, the effects of a Danshen ethyl acetate extract containing the major tanshinones, an aqueous extract containing salvianolic acid B and danshensu, and individual tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone) on warfarin hydroxylation was investigated. In rat liver microsomes study, the ethyl acetate extract of Danshen, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone decreased the formation of 4'-, 6- and 7-hydroxy-warfarin, mediated by CYP1A1, CYP2C6 and CYP2C11 activities, respectively. The aqueous extract of Danshen had no effect on warfarin hydroxylation. Both acute and 3-day Danshen treatment significantly decreased Cmax and prolonged Tmax of warfarin in the rats. The formation of 4'- and 7-hydroxywarfarin in vivo was decreased significantly after 3-day danshen treatment. In steady state study in vivo, the steady state plasma warfarin concentration was increased by 23% when Danshen was co-administered. The results suggest that tanshinones inhibited CYP1A1, CYP2C6 and CYP2C11-mediated warfarin metabolism both in vitro and in vivo in the rats. The timing of Danshen intake relative to warfarin contributed to different pharmacokinetics of the free warfarin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windy W P Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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71
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Fang XS, Hao JF, Zhou HY, Zhu LX, Wang JH, Song FQ. Pharmacological studies on the sedative-hypnotic effect of Semen Ziziphi spinosae (Suanzaoren) and Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen) extracts and the synergistic effect of their combinations. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:75-80. [PMID: 19682877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Semen Ziziphi spinosae (Suanzaoren in China) and Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen in China) are conventional herbal drugs in traditional Chinese medicine and have been used widely for the treatment of insomnia. In the present study, the sedative-hypnotic activity of the active fractions extracted from Suanzaoren and Danshen were studied using the method of pentobarbital-induced sleep in the mouse model. Qualitative analysis of the standardized extracts was carried out by HPLC-DAD. The results showed that the water extract of Suanzaoren (SWE) (400 and 800 mg/kg body wt.) and the ether extract of Danshen (DTT) (300 and 600 mg/kg body wt.) can shorten sleep latency significantly, increase sleeping time and prolong movement convalescence time induced by sodium pentobarbital (55 mg/kg body wt.) administration in mice. Furthermore, the combination of SWE and DTT showed significant synergistic effect (p<0.05) in decreasing sleep latency and increasing sleeping time, but not in prolonging the movement convalescence time, which might be helpful for energy recovery in the treatment of insomnia. The results suggest that SWE, DTT, and the combination of SWE and DTT possess significant sedative-hypnotic activity, which supports the popular use of Suanzaoren and Danshen for treatment of insomnia and provide the basis for new drug discovery. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the combination of SWE and DTT may be preferable for the treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sh Fang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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72
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Yang J, Zhang G, Tian J, Li C, Jiang W, Xing Y, Zhu H, Hou J, Xu H, Wu J. Cardioprotective effect of SMND-309, a novel derivate of salvianolic acid B on acute myocardial infarction in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 106:317-23. [PMID: 19912162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(2E)-2-{6-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid, a novel compound designated SMND-309, is a new derivate of salvianolic acid B. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of SMND-309 and to elucidate the possible mechanisms on the basis of biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. The results showed that treatment with SMND-309 via tail vein at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly prevented the elevation in ST segment level and the increase in serum creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and cardiac troponin T content. Meanwhile, SMND-309 significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, decreased the content of malondialdehyde in myocardium, and reduced the myocardium necrosis scores and the number of apoptosis cardiocytes in accordance with the up-regulated expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and the down-regulated expression of proapoptotic protein, Bax. Moreover, SMND-309 exhibits significantly higher potency compared to salvianolic acid B at the same mg/kg but not the same mol/kg. These findings indicate that SMND-309 has a protective potential against myocardial infarction injury and the protective effects may be due to its scavenging lipid peroxidation products, increasing endogenous antioxidant defence enzymes and attenuating cardiocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Yang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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73
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Han DE, Gao ZD, Zhao D, Wang L, Li N, Li TT, Wu L, Chen XJ. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of salvianolic acid B, a natural compound from the herb Danshen in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1073-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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74
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Wang SB, Yang XY, Tian S, Yang HG, Du GH. Effect of salvianolic acid A on vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2009; 85:499-504. [PMID: 19695266 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to evaluate the beneficial effect of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on the alterations in vascular reactivity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Following 16 weeks of SAA treatment (1 mg/kg/day), thoracic aortic rings of rats were mounted in organ baths. Contractile responses to noradrenaline (NA) and KCl and relaxant responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Loss of weight, hyperglycemia, elevated content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decline of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed in diabetic rats. SAA could reverse these metabolic and biochemical abnormalities. Compared to the control, the maximum contraction (E(max)) to NA, but not sensitivity (pD(2)), increased significantly in diabetic aortas, which was prevented by SAA treatment. However, the response of rat aortas to KCl (E(max) and pD(2)) was not altered either in diabetic group or SAA treatment compared with that of normal control group. We also observed the significant decrease in relaxation to ACh rather than SNP in diabetic group compared with controls, and SAA treatment could revert the ACh response. SIGNIFICANCE It is concluded that oral administration of SAA can significantly improve glucose metabolism and inhibit oxidative injury as well as protect against impaired vascular responsiveness in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Bao Wang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
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75
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Tian J, Fu F, Li G, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Li C, Liu F. Protections of SMND-309, a novel derivate of salvianolic acid B, on brain mitochondria contribute to injury amelioration in cerebral ischemia rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:726-733. [PMID: 19481432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SMND-309, a novel compound named (2E)-2-{6-[(E)-2-carboxylvinyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid, is a new derivate of salvianolic acid B. The present study was conducted to investigate whether SMND-309 has a protective effect on brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia, and if it did so, to investigate its effects on brain mitochondria. Adult male SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by bipolar electro-coagulation. Behavioral tests and brain patho-physiological tests were used to evaluate the damage to central nervous system. Origin targets including mitochondria production of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant potentia, membrane potential, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activities and mitochondria swelling degree were evaluated. The results showed that SMND-309 decreased neurological deficit scores, reduced the number of dead hippocampal neuronal cells in accordance with its depression on mitochondria swelling degree, reactive oxygen species production, improvements on mitochondria swelling, energy metabolism, membrane potential level and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities. All of these findings indicate that SMND-309 exerted potent neuroprotective effects in the model of permanent cerebral ischemia, contributed to its protections on brain mitochondrial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shangdong, PR China
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76
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Myelophil, an extract mix of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, ameliorates chronic fatigue: A randomised, double-blind, controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2009; 17:141-6. [PMID: 19398067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bioavailability of salvianolic acid B and effect on blood viscosities after oral administration of salvianolic acids in beagle dogs. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:773-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang SB, Tian S, Yang F, Yang HG, Yang XY, Du GH. Cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 615:125-32. [PMID: 19445921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Hemodynamic parameters and lead II electrocardiograph were monitored and recorded continuously. Cardiac marker enzymes and antioxidative parameters in serum and heart tissues were measured. Assay for mitochondrial respiratory function and histopathological examination of heart tissues were performed. Isoproterenol-treated rats showed significant increases in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and significant decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum and heart. These rats also showed declines in left ventricular systolic pressure, maximum and minimum rate of developed left ventricular pressure, and elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ST-segment. In addition, mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction characterized by decreased respiratory control ratio and ADP/O was observed in isoproterenol-treated rats. Administration of salvianolic acid A for a period of 8 days significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury and improved mitochondrial respiratory function. The protective role of salvianolic acid A against isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination. The results of our study suggest that salvianolic acid A possessing antioxidant activity has a significant protective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-bao Wang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
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79
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Microsphere resin chromatography combined with microbial biotransformation for the separation and purification of salvianolic acid B in aqueous extract of roots of Salvia multiorrihza Bunge. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3881-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Osteogenic effects of D+beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (salvianic acid A, SAA) on osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells of intact and prednisone-treated rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:321-32. [PMID: 19262556 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have shown that D(+)beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (salvianic acid A, SAA) has anabolic effects on prednisone (GC)-induced osteoporosis in rats. The current study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of SAA's impact on osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells in intact and GC-treated rats. METHODS For in vitro study, newborn rat calvaria osteoblasts (rOBs) and rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) were isolated, identified and cultured with SAA at different concentrations to evaluate SAA's influence on osteogenesis and adipogenesis. In addition, 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were treated with distilled water, prednisone alone (3.0 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)) or prednisone (3.0 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)) and SAA (25 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)) for 45 d. At the end point, the different groups of rMSCs were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation and cultured. RESULTS (1) At 0.1-10.0 mg/L, SAA increased ALP activity, type I collagen (Coll-I) mRNA and OPG mRNA expression and stimulated nodule mineralization of rOBs. SAA (0.5 mg/L) also significantly increased the ALP activity of rMSCs without a need for osteogenesis-inducing medium. At 5.0 mg/L, SAA decreased the number of adipocytes with less lipid droplet formation from the rMSCs, which typically undergo adipocyte induction. (2) Coll-I expression was markedly decreased, whereas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression increased by 98% when compared with the first generation of rMSCs in GC-treated rats. The SAA-treated rats demonstrated an over 2-fold increase in Coll-I expression when compared with intact rats and further showed a significant decrease in LPL expression when compared with GC-treated rats. When rMSCs were co-cultured with SAA (0.5 mg/L) in vitro, SAA did not affect Coll-I and LPL gene expression in intact rats but significantly increased Coll-I and decreased LPL gene expression in GC-treated rats. CONCLUSION SAA protected bone from GC-induced bone marrow impairment by stimulating osteogenesis and depressing adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells both in vivo and in vitro. The data indicated that aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which include SAA, may serve as an active anabolic agent and a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GC-associated osteoporosis.
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81
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Yin H, Zhang J, Lin H, Qiao Y, Wang R, Lu H, Liang S. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Shu-mai-tang on angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia. Phytother Res 2009; 23:92-8. [PMID: 18814204 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Shu-mai-tang (SMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. To better understand the underlying cardioprotection mechanisms of SMT on myocardial ischemia (MI), the effect of SMT on angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and cardiac function was investigated in a rat model of MI, as well as the potential mechanism. Rats with a ligated left anterior descending coronary artery (MI model) were randomized (24 rats/group) to receive SMT/LY294002 [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor], SMT or no treatment. A sham-operation group was included. It was demonstrated that 2 and 4 weeks after treatment the oral administration of SMT significantly increased capillaries and arterioles, suppressed myocardial fibrosis, as well as significantly increased cardiac phosphorylation of Akt, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) levels and functional improvement. PI3K inhibitor down-regulated SMT-induced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. These novel therapeutic properties of SMT to induce the reconstitution of stable blood supply networks, reverse LV remodeling may offer an alternative therapy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The potential mechanism may be that SMT promotes VEGF and PDGF-BB-mediated angiogenesis and arteriogenesis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiu Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
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Tian J, Fu F, Li G, Wang Y, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang S. SMND-309, a novel derivate of salvianolic acid B, ameliorates cerebral infarction in rats: characterization and role. Brain Res 2009; 1263:114-21. [PMID: 19368834 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
(2E)-2-{6-[(E)-2-carboxylvinyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid, a novel compound designated SMND-309, is a new degradation product of salvianolic acid B. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether SMND-309 has a protective effect on permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results showed that SMND-309 at doses higher than 4.0 mg/kg (i.v.) produced a significant neuroprotection in focal ischemia rats when administered 30 min after the onset of ischemia. SMND-309 (25.0 mg/kg, i.v.) demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity even after delayed administration at 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after ischemia. The neuroprotective effect of SMND-309 (25.0 mg/kg, bolus injection intravenous at 30 min after middle cerebral artery occlusion) was still present 7 days after ischemia. Meanwhile, SMND-309 significantly increased the brain ATP content, improved mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities and attenuated the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in brain mitochondria. All of these findings indicate that SMND-309 exerts potent and long-term neuroprotective effects with a favorable therapeutic time-window in the model of permanent cerebral ischemia, and its protective effects may be due to the amelioration of cerebral mitochondrial energy metabolism and the antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shangdong, PR China
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Ling S, Luo R, Dai A, Guo Z, Guo R, Komesaroff PA. A pharmaceutical preparation of Salvia miltiorrhiza protects cardiac myocytes from tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis and reduces angiotensin II-stimulated collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:56-64. [PMID: 19010649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of Cardiotonic Pill (CP), a pharmaceutical preparation of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts with respect to the viability, proliferation, and collagen synthesis in these cells under various conditions. A cardiac myocyte line, H9c2, and primarily cultured fibroblasts from rat hearts were incubated with CP over a broad concentration range (50-800 microg/ml) under normal cultures, conditions of ischemia (serum-free culture), and stimulation by angiotensin II (AII, 100 nM), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 50-200 microM), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha, 40 ng/ml) for 24-48 h. Cell growth, apoptosis, DNA and collagen synthesis, and expression of relevant genes were assessed via cell number study, morphological examination, Annexin-V staining, flow-cytometry, [(3)H]-thymidine or [(3)H]-proline incorporation assay, and Western blotting analysis. It was found that (1) at therapeutic (50 microg/ml) and double therapeutic (100 microg/ml) concentrations, CP did not significantly affect normal DNA synthesis and cell growth in these cardiac cells, while at higher (over 4-fold therapeutic) concentrations (200-800 microg/ml), CP decreased DNA synthesis and cell growth and increased cell death; (2) CP treatment (50 microg/ml) significantly inhibited TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in myocytes, with 12.3+/-1.46% cells being apoptosis in CP treatment group and 37.0+/-7.34% in the control (p<0.01), and simultaneously, expression of activated (phosphorylated) Akt protein was increased by about 2 folds in the CP-treated cells; and (3) in cultured fibroblasts, CP significantly reduced AII-induced collagen synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner (by approximately 50% and approximately 90% reduction of AII-induced collagen synthesis at 50 and 100 microg/ml, respectively). Thus, Salvia miltiorrhiza preparation CP is physiologically active on cardiac cells. The actions by CP to reduce apoptotic damage in myocytes and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts may help to preserve the heart function and reduce heart failure risk. The actions by CP to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell growth, which occurred at over therapeutic doses, may weaken the ability of heart repair. Further studies are needed to identify the chemical compounds in this herbal product that are responsible for these observed physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Ling
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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84
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Tian J, Li G, Zhang S, Gao Y, Jiang W, Fu F, Liu Z. SMND-309, a novel derivate of salvianolic acid B, attenuates apoptosis and ameliorates mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat cortical neurons. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 104:176-84. [PMID: 19143749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SMND-309, a novel compound (2E)-2-[6-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid, is a new derivate of salvianolic acid B. The present study elucidates the effects of SMND-309 on the cultured rat cortical neuron damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. The results show that SMND-309 treatment obviously attenuates apoptosis and ameliorates mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat cortical neurons by increasing cell survival rate, mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activities, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and the adenosine triphosphate content, and by decreasing mitochondrial malondialdehyde content, lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular Ca(2+) level and caspase-3 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SMND-309 exhibits significantly higher potency as compared to salvianolic acid B. These findings indicate that SMND-309 has a protective potential against cerebral ischaemic injury and its protective effects may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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85
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Li H, Song F, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Liu S. Characterization of saccharides and phenolic acids in the Chinese herb Tanshen by ESI-FT-ICR-MS and HPLC. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1545-1552. [PMID: 18698556 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the main components (saccharides and phenolic acids) in crude extract of the Chinese herb Tanshen by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonant mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) in negative-ion mode. Eleven compounds were identified as phenolic acids by exact mass measurement and further confirmed by sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) CID data. In addition, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides (n = 2-5) and a serial of corresponding anionic adducts of saccharide were observed without adding any anions additionally to the extract solution, and the anionic components were unambiguously identified as H2O, HCl, HCOOH, HNO3, C3H6O2, H2SO4 and C5H7NO3 according to the exact mass measurement results. Furthermore, the saccharide types in Tanshen extract were identified as raffitrinose, saccharose, glucose, galactose and fructose with HPLC by comparing standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Centre of Mass Spectrometry, 5625# Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
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86
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Guan X, Dei-Anane G, Bruns H, Chen J, Nickkholgh A, Liang R, Gross ML, Kern M, Ludwig J, Büchler MW, Schemmer P. Danshen protects kidney grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury after experimental transplantation. Transpl Int 2008; 22:232-41. [PMID: 18954374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2008.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Danshen (DS) is used for treatment of various ischemic events in the traditional Chinese medicine. Hence, this study was designed to investigate its effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) after experimental kidney transplantation (eKTx). Nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats underwent eKTx. Some animals were infused with 1.5 ml DS 10 min before surgery. Kidney grafts were transplanted after cold storage for 20 h in Histidine-Tryptophane-Ketoglutarate solution. After reperfusion blood samples were collected for blood urinary nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alanine transaminase. Further, tissue was assessed for morphologic and pathophysiologic changes. Donor preconditioning with DS (DS-d) significantly decreased BUN, creatinine, LDH, and aspartate aminotransferase to 65-97% of controls while preconditioning of the recipient (DS-r) decreased values to 58-82% (P < 0.05). Tubular damage and caspase-3 decreased significantly in both DS-d and DS-r (DS-d: 96% and 67%, DS-r: 83% and 75% of controls) while heat shock protein 72 and superoxide dismutase increased significantly (DS-d: 143% and 173%, DS-r: 166% and 194% of controls). Further, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased (DS-d: 84% and 61%, DS-r: 79% and 67% of controls) after DS. Preconditioning of both donors and recipients with DS significantly reduces IRI and thus improves graft function after eKTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
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87
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Wu HL, Li YH, Lin YH, Wang R, Li YB, Tie L, Song QL, Guo DA, Yu HM, Li XJ. Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial cells from oxidative stress damage: a possible protective role of glucose-regulated protein 78 induction. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:148-58. [PMID: 18815184 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of the present study were to both evaluate the protective effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and to determine the possible molecular mechanisms by which Sal B protects endothelial cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Pretreatment with Sal B markedly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The mechanism of Sal B protection was studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Database searching implicated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a central regulator for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was up-regulated in Sal B-exposed HUVECs. GRP78 expression regulation was confirmed by western blot and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) analyses. Additionally, GRP94, which shares significant sequence homology with GRP78, was also up-regulated in Sal B-treated cells. Sal B caused pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) activation followed by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha) and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Knockdown of endogenous ATF4 expression partially repressed Sal B-induced GRP78 induction. Further investigation showed that ATF6 was also activated by Sal B. Knockdown of GRP78 by siRNA significantly reduced the protective effects of Sal B. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Sal B induces the expression of GRP78 by activating ATF6 and the PERK-eIF2 alpha-ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, up-regulation of GRP78 by Sal B may play an important role in protecting human endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
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88
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Pei L, Bao Y, Wang H, Yang F, Xu B, Wang S, Yang X, Du G. A sensitive method for determination of salvianolic acid A in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:786-94. [PMID: 18506911 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a major effective constituent of Salvia miltiorrhizas, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. A sensitive rapid analytical method was established and validated for SAA in rat plasma, which was further applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of SAA in rats receiving a single oral dose of SAA. The method used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode with chloramphenicol as the internal standard. A simple liquid-liquid extraction based on ethyl acetate was employed. The combination of a simple sample cleanup and short chromatographic run time (3 min) increased the throughput of the method substantially. The method was validated over the range 1.4-1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.99. The lower limit of quantification was 1.4 ng/mL for SAA in plasma. Intra- and inter-day accuracies for SAA were 95-113 and 98-107%, and the inter-day precision was less than 12%. This method is more sensitive and faster than previous methods. After a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg of SAA, the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of SAA was 318 ng/mL at 0.5 h, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-12 h) was 698 +/- 129 ng.h/mL, and the elimination half-life (T1/2) was 3.29 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pei
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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89
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Yao Y, Wu WY, Liu AH, Deng SS, Bi KS, Liu X, Guo DA. Interaction of salvianolic acids and notoginsengnosides in inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:313-28. [PMID: 18457363 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were both considered to be beneficial to cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine and often used in combination. To examine the possible interaction between them, the effects of the active fractions of these two herbs, salvianolic acids (SA) and notoginsengnosides (NG), on platelet aggregation were checked respectively or in combination in vitro and in vivo. Both the platelet aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelet after ADP induction were checked. In vitro study showed that both SA and NG had an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. However, there is no synergistic effect of the combination of SA and NG in vitro. In vivo study showed that i.g. 550 mg/kg/day SA or NG for 5 days could significantly inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation of PRP. Moreover, combination of SA and NG at a ratio of 5:1 had a synergistic effect on platelet aggregation of PRP. The mechanism for the synergism of SA and NG in vivo was not clear. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the plasma of rats received SA, NG or combination of SA and NG showed that co-administration of NG caused change in the plasma distribution profile of SA. The influence of combination on the absorption and/or metabolism of SA may be one of the reasons for the synergism of SA and NG in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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90
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LC–MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of six phenolic components in rat plasma after taking traditional Chinese medicinal-preparation: Guanxinning lyophilized powder for injection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 873:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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91
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Ling S, Nheu L, Dai A, Guo Z, Komesaroff P. Effects of four medicinal herbs on human vascular endothelial cells in culture. Int J Cardiol 2008; 128:350-8. [PMID: 17692965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danshen (DS, Salvia miltiorrhiza), Shanchi (SQ, Panax notoginseng), Shanzai (SZ, Hawthorn) and Heshouwu (HSW, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb) are four medicinal herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and previously shown to have activity that may contribute to cardiovascular protection. This study aims to investigate effects of these herbs on vascular endothelial cells with respect to cell viability and expression of cellular adhesion molecules under inflammatory conditions. METHODS Herbal extracts were prepared by an established industrial manufacturing process. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with the herbal extract under normal or serum-free culture and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha stimulation. Cell apoptosis, apoptosis-associated gene expression, expression of cellular adhesion molecules, DNA synthesis, and growth were assessed via morphological examination, Annexin-V staining, Western blotting analysis, Flow-Cytometry, [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay, and cell number study. RESULTS SZ and HSW significantly inhibited apoptosis in HUVEC undergoing serum deprivation and TNFalpha stimulation, accompanied by down-regulation of caspase-3 gene expression. DS and SQ significantly attenuated TNFalpha-induced expression of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and also ICAM-1 by DS in the cells. All four herbs at therapeutic concentrations (100 microg/mL) inhibited DNA synthesis (10-42% decrease in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation rates) and growth (5-10% decrease in cell numbers) in HUVEC under normal cultures. CONCLUSION DS, SQ, SZ and HSW are physiologically active on human vascular endothelial cells. The actions by HSW and SZ to reduce apoptosis and DS and SQ to inhibit adhesion molecule expression may help protect endothelial function and inhibit atherogenesis, while their actions to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell growth may weaken the ability of endothelial repair. Further studies are needed to identify the chemical compounds responsible to these physiological effects by these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Ling
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central and Eastern Clinical School, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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92
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Wu YP, Zhao XM, Pan SD, Guo DA, Wei R, Han JJ, Kainoh M, Xia ZL, de Groot PG, Lisman T. Salvianolic acid B inhibits platelet adhesion under conditions of flow by a mechanism involving the collagen receptor alpha2beta1. Thromb Res 2008; 123:298-305. [PMID: 18625517 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is a component of Danshen, a herb widely used in Chinese medicine, and was previously shown to exert a number of biological activities including inhibition of platelet function, but the exact mechanisms involved are unclear. SAB dose-dependently inhibited platelet deposition from flowing, anticoagulated whole blood to immobilized collagen at both venous and arterial shear rate, whereas platelet deposition to immobilized fibrinogen was not affected. The inhibitory effect of SAB on platelet adhesion to collagen was independent of alphaIIbbeta3, since SAB still inhibited platelet deposition in the presence of a alphaIIbbeta3-blocking peptide. SAB inhibited static platelet adhesion to a synthetic peptide specific for the collagen receptor alpha2beta1, whereas platelet adhesion to a glycoprotein VI-specific peptide was not affected. SAB inhibited binding of an antibody against alpha2beta1 to platelets as studied by flow cytometry, and inhibited the interaction of soluble alpha2beta1 to immobilized collagen in a solid phase binding assay. These combined results indicate that SAB inhibits platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen by interfering with the collagen receptor alpha2beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ping Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences,Taishan Medical University, Tai-An, China
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93
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Xiang YZ, Kang LY, Gao XM, Shang HC, Zhang JH, Zhang BL. Strategies for antiplatelet targets and agents. Thromb Res 2008; 123:35-49. [PMID: 18571699 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and haemostasis, which can be either beneficial or deleterious depending on the circumstance. Antiplatelet therapy is the 'cornerstone' in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases. Platelet activation is a complex process known as transmembrane signaling which then serves to activate the platelet via a cascade of biochemical interactions. Currently available strategies of antiplatelet therapy are generally based on the signaling pathway of platelet activation, which possess the characters that mono-agent, mono-target, and mainly irreversible inhibition. Therefore, both established and novel antiplatelet agents have their own pros and cons and such problems as resistance, drug-drug interaction, discontinuation and monitoring, etc. have been appeared. Due to the problems existing in current antiplatelet agents, future new strategies for antiplatelet targets, agent-developing and treatment might probably include three aspects: targeting the factors associated with platelet hyperactivity, developing novel antiplatelet agents with multiple targets, mild and reversible properties from natural products, and keeping healthy lifestyle and emphasizing prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Zu Xiang
- Research Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road # 312, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
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94
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Zhan Y, Xu JP, Liang JB, Sheng LS, Xiang BR, Zou QG, Zhang ZJ. Simultaneous LC–MS–MS Analysis of Danshensu, Salvianolic Acid B, and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Beagle Dog Plasma, and Application of the Method to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Danhong Lyophilized Powder for Injection. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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95
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He H, Shi M, Yang X, Zeng X, Wu L, Li L. Comparison of cardioprotective effects using salvianolic acid B and benazepril for the treatment of chronic myocardial infarction in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:311-22. [PMID: 18500511 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and the angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril, in rats with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) that resulted from a coronary artery ligation for 4 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups: those undergoing a sham operation; a MI group; a MI+SalB group (100 mg/kg by a gavage, once a day for 4 weeks); a MI+benazepril group (10 mg/kg by a gavage, once a day for 4 weeks). The following parameters were measured: echocardiographic, hemodynamic and hemorheological changes, angiogenesis, infarct size and cardiac remodeling and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF). Rats treated with SalB or benazepril manifested the following: (1) marked improvements in echocardiographic, hemodynamic and hemorheological parameters; (2) significant reduction of infarct size; (3) significantly attenuated heart, kidney and lung hypertrophies, left ventricular (LV) dilatation and fibrosis. The unique effects of SalB were angiogenesis and augmented VEGF expression in the border and remote noninfarcted left ventricular area. These results suggest that both SalB and benazepril exerted beneficial cardioprotective effects in our experimental system, but that the modality of Sal B was different from that of benazepril. The additional beneficial effects of Sal B relative to benazpril, augmenting VEGF expression and promoting angiogenesis, may result in improved myocardial microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo He
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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96
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Shin JW, Lee MM, Son JY, Lee NH, Cho CK, Chung WK, Cho JH, Son CG. Myelophil, a mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix extract, moderates toxic side effects of fluorouracil in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:2323-8. [PMID: 18416457 PMCID: PMC2705085 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Myelophil, an extract containing Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, for reducing complications induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a gastrointestinal cancer model.
METHODS: We injected 5-FU into mice and then administered Myelophil to examine the ability of the drug to treat the side effects of 5-FU in mice. Peripheral blood counts, histological examinations, and colony-forming assays of bone marrow were conducted, followed by swimming tests and assessment of survival times.
RESULTS: Myelophil restored red and white blood cells and platelets in blood, and recovered cell density in bone marrow to levels comparable to those observed within the control group. In addition, Myelophil significantly increased colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and CFU-erythroid (CFU-E) compared to the control group. We confirmed that interleukin-3 gene expression was upregulated by Myelophil in spleen cells. Myelophil administration also doubled the survival rate of mice that were severely myelosuppressed as a result of 5-FU injection at a lethal dose of 70%. Finally, the swimming performance of mice significantly improved as a result of Myelophil treatment.
CONCLUSION: These results provide experimental evidence in support of clinical applications of Myelophil to minimize 5-FU-induced myelosuppression and improve general post-chemotherapy health.
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97
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Qu FN, Qi LW, Wei YJ, Wen XD, Yi L, Luo HW, Li P. Multiple target cell extraction and LC-MS analysis for predicting bioactive components in Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:501-6. [PMID: 18310918 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for predicting bioactive candidates in herbal medicines (HMs) was developed using four types of target cell extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) analysis. Through the proposed method, some potential bioactive components in Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, a widely used HM for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, were screened in view of interacting with endothelial cells, myocardial cells, blood platelets and red cells. Specifically, eleven compounds were detected in the desorption eluate of endothelial cells, nine in myocardial cells, fifteen in blood platelets and five in red cells. Totally, sixteen compounds were detected and fourteen of them were identified qualitatively in terms of their MS spectra and in comparison with some of the reference compounds. The results indicate that the proposed method may be applied to prediction of the bioactive multi-compounds in HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Na Qu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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98
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Guo X, Chen X, Cheng W, Yang K, Ma Y, Bi K. RP-LC Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Ferulic Acid and Isoferulic Acid in Rat Plasma After Taking Traditional Chinese Medicinal-Preparation: Guanxinning Lyophilizer. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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99
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Yang Y, Yang R, Wei Y, Zheng X. MEKC Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Danshensu in Rabbits after Intragastric Administration of the Aqueous Extract from Danshen. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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100
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Salvianolic acids prevent acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in mice through suppression of oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1510-5. [PMID: 18234414 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin is an effective antitumor agent, the serious cardiotoxicity mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species has remained a considerable clinical problem. In China, salvianolic acids has been widely used for cardioprotection. To test whether salvianolic acids holds the potential to be protective against cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin, we created an acute cardiac injury mice model. Therapeutic treatment with salvianolic acids (40 mg/kg for 3 connective days) significantly reduced doxorubicin-induced (15 mg/kg) toxicity, including elevation of body weight and heart weight/tibia length ratio, decrease of creatine kinase, improvement of electrocardiography and heart vacuolation. Furthermore, the antioxidative effects of salvianolic acids were verified by oxygen radicals absorbance capacities assay in vitro and malondialdehyde detection in vivo, suggesting one possible mechanism of salvianolic acids on cardioprotection through blocking oxidative stress.
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