51
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Wang J, Li YR, Jiang CQ, Zhang WS, Zhu T, Zhu F, Jin YL, Lam TH, Cheng KK, Xu L. Chronotype and cognitive function: Observational study and bidirectional Mendelian randomization. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101713. [PMID: 36467458 PMCID: PMC9716330 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association has been found between chronotype and cognitive function in conventional observational studies but whether this association is causal and if so, its direction, is uncertain. There are also concerns among people with later chronotype that their habits may be detrimental to cognitive function. METHODS We analyzed the association between chronotype (measured as sleep midpoint) and cognitive function (measured by Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT)) using multivariable linear regression on 14,582 participants in the Guangzhou biobank cohort study (GBCS) from 2008 to 2012. Using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, we used 207 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronotype from the combination of UK Biobank and 23andMe (n = 697,828), and 127 SNPs associated with cognitive function from the combination of UK Biobank and COGENT consortium (n = 257,841). FINDINGS Observationally in GBCS, later chronotype was associated with better cognitive function (MMSE scores: β = 0.14 per hour; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.19; DWRT scores: β = 0.07 per hour; 95% CI, 0.04-0.11). Bidirectional MR showed genetic predisposition to early, versus later, chronotype was not associated with cognitive function using inverse-variance weighted (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.01). However, better cognitive function was associated with decreased odds of early chronotype (UK Biobank: odds ratio = 0.88 per standardized score; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; 23andMe: 0.87 per standardized score; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). INTERPRETATION It is a reassuring finding for adults with later chronotype who may be concerned if such a habit has a negative impact on cognitive function. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong; The University of Hong Kong Foundation for Educational Development and Research; The Health Medical Research Fund in Hong Kong; The University of Birmingham, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ru Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wei Sen Zhang
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Corresponding author. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author. Professor Lin Xu, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), No. 74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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52
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Lipinska G, Austin H, Moonsamy JR, Henry M, Lewis R, Baldwin DS, Thomas KGF, Stuart B. Preferential consolidation of emotional reactivity during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:976047. [PMID: 36268469 PMCID: PMC9578377 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.976047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated whether sleep affects cognitively unmodulated reactivity to emotional stimuli. These studies operationalize emotion regulation by using subjective and/or objective measures to compare pre- and post-sleep reactivity to the same emotional stimuli. Findings have been inconsistent: some show that sleep attenuates emotional reactivity, whereas others report enhanced or maintained reactivity. Across-study methodological differences may account for discrepant findings. To resolve the questions of whether sleep leads to the attenuation, enhancement, or maintenance of emotional reactivity, and under which experimental conditions particular effects are observed, we undertook a synthesized narrative and meta-analytic approach. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles, using search terms determined a priori and search limits of language = English, participants = human, and dates = January 2006–June 2021. Our final sample included 24 studies that investigated changes in emotional reactivity in response to negatively and/or positively valenced material compared to neutral material over a period of sleep compared to a matched period of waking. Primary analyses used random effects modeling to investigate whether sleep preferentially modulates reactivity in response to emotional stimuli; secondary analyses examined potential moderators of the effect. Results showed that sleep (or equivalent periods of wakefulness) did not significantly affect psychophysiological measures of reactivity to negative or neutral stimuli. However, self-reported arousal ratings of negative stimuli were significantly increased post-sleep but not post-waking. Sub-group analyses indicated that (a) sleep-deprived participants, compared to those who slept or who experienced daytime waking, reacted more strongly and negatively in response to positive stimuli; (b) nap-exposed participants, compared to those who remained awake or who slept a full night, rated negative pictures less negatively; and (c) participants who did not obtain substantial REM sleep, compared to those who did and those exposed to waking conditions, had attenuated reactivity to neutral stimuli. We conclude that sleep may affect emotional reactivity, but that studies need more consistency in methodology, commitment to collecting both psychophysiological and self-report measures, and should report REM sleep parameters. Using these methodological principles would promote a better understanding of under which conditions particular effects are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Gosia Lipinska
| | - Holly Austin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin R. Moonsamy
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Henry
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Numeracy Centre, Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Raphaella Lewis
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David S. Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G. F. Thomas
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beth Stuart
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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53
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Mu YM, Huang XD, Zhu S, Hu ZF, So KF, Ren CR, Tao Q. Alerting effects of light in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1929-1936. [PMID: 35142669 PMCID: PMC8848614 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in psychobiological and psychophysiological processes, such as alertness. The alerting effect is influenced by light characteristics and the timing of interventions. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review the effect of light intervention on alertness and to discuss the optimal protocol for light intervention. In this meta-analysis, registered at PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42020181485), we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases for studies published in English prior to August 2021. The outcomes included both subjective and objective alertness. Subgroup analyses considered a variety of factors, such as wavelength, correlated color temperature (CCT), light illuminance, and timing of interventions (daytime, night-time, or all day). Twenty-seven crossover studies and two parallel-group studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1210 healthy participants (636 (52%) male, mean age 25.62 years). The results revealed that light intervention had a positive effect on both subjective alertness (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.49 to –0.06, P = 0.01) and objective alertness in healthy subjects (SMD = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.68 to –0.01, P = 0.04). The subgroup analysis revealed that cold light was better than warm light in improving subjective alertness (SMD = –0.37, 95% CI: –0.65 to –0.10, P = 0.007, I2 = 26%) and objective alertness (SMD = –0.36, 95% CI: –0.66 to –0.07, P = 0.02, I2 = 0). Both daytime (SMD = –0.22, 95% CI: –0.37 to –0.07, P = 0.005, I2 = 74%) and night-time (SMD = –0.32, 95% CI: –0.61 to –0.02, P = 0.04, I2 = 0) light exposure improved subjective alertness. The results of this meta-analysis and systematic review indicate that light exposure is associated with significant improvement in subjective and objective alertness. In addition, light exposure with a higher CCT was more effective in improving alertness than light exposure with a lower CCT. Our results also suggest that both daytime and night-time light exposure can improve subjective alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Man Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Fang Hu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Ran Ren
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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54
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Chaumon M, Rioux PA, Herbst SK, Spiousas I, Kübel SL, Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Runyun ŞL, Micillo L, Thanopoulos V, Mendoza-Duran E, Wagelmans A, Mudumba R, Tachmatzidou O, Cellini N, D'Argembeau A, Giersch A, Grondin S, Gronfier C, Igarzábal FA, Klarsfeld A, Jovanovic L, Laje R, Lannelongue E, Mioni G, Nicolaï C, Srinivasan N, Sugiyama S, Wittmann M, Yotsumoto Y, Vatakis A, Balcı F, van Wassenhove V. The Blursday database as a resource to study subjective temporalities during COVID-19. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1587-1599. [PMID: 35970902 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides repeated measures of subjective time and related processes from participants in nine countries tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioural tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,840 participants completed at least one task, and 439 participants completed all tasks in the first session. The database and all data collection tools are accessible to researchers for studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception and mindfulness. Blursday includes quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being and lockdown indices. The database provides quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency and mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time and temporal distances). Perceived isolation affects time perception, and we report an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de NeuroImagerie Recherche (CENIR), Paris, France.
| | | | - Sophie K Herbst
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian L Kübel
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Şerife Leman Runyun
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilis Thanopoulos
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece.,Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Wagelmans
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ramya Mudumba
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ourania Tachmatzidou
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Université de Liège, F.R.S.-FNRS, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Giersch
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Waking Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - André Klarsfeld
- Laboratoire Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris PSL, Paris, France
| | - Ljubica Jovanovic
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France.,School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rodrigo Laje
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Lannelongue
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cyril Nicolaï
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.,Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, Paris, France
| | - Narayanan Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shogo Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Argiro Vatakis
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Fuat Balcı
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.
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55
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Farahani FV, Karwowski W, D’Esposito M, Betzel RF, Douglas PK, Sobczak AM, Bohaterewicz B, Marek T, Fafrowicz M. Diurnal variations of resting-state fMRI data: A graph-based analysis. Neuroimage 2022; 256:119246. [PMID: 35477020 PMCID: PMC9799965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms (lasting approximately 24 h) control and entrain various physiological processes, ranging from neural activity and hormone secretion to sleep cycles and eating habits. Several studies have shown that time of day (TOD) is associated with human cognition and brain functions. In this study, utilizing a chronotype-based paradigm, we applied a graph theory approach on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data to compare whole-brain functional network topology between morning and evening sessions and between morning-type (MT) and evening-type (ET) participants. Sixty-two individuals (31 MT and 31 ET) underwent two fMRI sessions, approximately 1 hour (morning) and 10 h (evening) after their wake-up time, according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. In the global analysis, the findings revealed the effect of TOD on functional connectivity (FC) patterns, including increased small-worldness, assortativity, and synchronization across the day. However, we identified no significant differences based on chronotype categories. The study of the modular structure of the brain at mesoscale showed that functional networks tended to be more integrated with one another in the evening session than in the morning session. Local/regional changes were affected by both factors (i.e., TOD and chronotype), mostly in areas associated with somatomotor, attention, frontoparietal, and default networks. Furthermore, connectivity and hub analyses revealed that the somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual networks covered the most highly connected areas in the morning and evening sessions: the latter two were more active in the morning sessions, and the first was identified as being more active in the evening. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis to determine whether global and nodal measures were associated with subjective assessments across participants. Collectively, these findings contribute to an increased understanding of diurnal fluctuations in resting brain activity and highlight the role of TOD in future studies on brain function and the design of fMRI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad V. Farahani
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA,Corresponding author: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (F.V. Farahani)
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard F. Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Pamela K. Douglas
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Sobczak
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland,Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, Psychological Diagnosis, and Psychometrics, Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland,Corresponding author. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. (M. Fafrowicz)
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56
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Cárdenas-Egúsquiza AL, Berntsen D. Sleep well, mind wander less: A systematic review of the relationship between sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition. Conscious Cogn 2022; 102:103333. [PMID: 35623268 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite an upsurge of research on spontaneous cognition, little is known about its associations with sleep-related outcomes. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, examined the relationship between sleep and spontaneous thoughts, across different definitions and measurements of sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition, and a diversity of methodologies. Twenty-one articles with survey and/or experimental designs were identified. Self-reported disturbed sleep-comprising poor sleep quality, more insomnia symptoms, more daytime sleepiness and a tendency towards eveningness-and experimentally induced sleep deprivation were associated with a tendency to engage in disruptive mind wandering and daydreaming, but not positive-constructive daydreaming. Findings regarding circadian fluctuation in spontaneous thoughts were mixed and inconclusive. This systematic review bridges the gap between the sleep and spontaneous cognition research by contributing to the understanding of potential psychological and cognitive mechanisms of spontaneous cognition, as well as by elucidating the emotional and cognitive consequences of disturbed sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucía Cárdenas-Egúsquiza
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Dorthe Berntsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
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57
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Liu Z, Penny-Dimri JC, Nagel M, Plummer M, Segal R, Morley P, Smith J, Perry LA. Early versus late surgical start times for on-pump cardiac surgery. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery; Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Matthew Nagel
- Department of Surgery; Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Mark Plummer
- Intensive Care Unit; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Reny Segal
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Peter Morley
- Intensive Care Unit; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Julian Smith
- Department of Surgery; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Luke A Perry
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
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58
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Lok R, Woelders T, Gordijn MCM, van Koningsveld MJ, Oberman K, Fuhler SG, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Bright Light During Wakefulness Improves Sleep Quality in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (III). J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:429-441. [PMID: 35730553 PMCID: PMC9326793 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Under real-life conditions, increased light exposure during wakefulness seems associated with improved sleep quality, quantified as reduced time awake during bed time, increased time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, or increased power of the electroencephalogram delta band (0.5-4 Hz). The causality of these important relationships and their dependency on circadian phase and/or time awake has not been studied in depth. To disentangle possible circadian and homeostatic interactions, we employed a forced desynchrony protocol under dim light (6 lux) and under bright light (1300 lux) during wakefulness. Our protocol consisted of a fast cycling sleep-wake schedule (13 h wakefulness—5 h sleep; 4 cycles), followed by 3 h recovery sleep in a within-subject cross-over design. Individuals (8 men) were equipped with 10 polysomnography electrodes. Subjective sleep quality was measured immediately after wakening with a questionnaire. Results indicated that circadian variation in delta power was only detected under dim light. Circadian variation in time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness were uninfluenced by light. Prior light exposure increased accumulation of delta power and time in NREM sleep, while it decreased wakefulness, especially during the circadian wake phase (biological day). Subjective sleep quality scores showed that participants rated their sleep quality better after bright light exposure while sleeping when the circadian system promoted wakefulness. These results suggest that high environmental light intensity either increases sleep pressure buildup during wakefulness or prevents the occurrence of micro-sleep, leading to improved quality of subsequent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - T Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C M Gordijn
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Chrono@Work B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Oberman
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S G Fuhler
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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59
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Hood AM, Crosby LE, Stotesbury H, Kölbel M, Kirkham FJ. Considerations for Selecting Cognitive Endpoints and Psychological Patient-Reported Outcomes for Clinical Trials in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:835823. [PMID: 35800079 PMCID: PMC9253275 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.835823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a range of medical complications that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in prophylactic and curative treatment approaches have highlighted the need for sensitive and clinically-meaningful trial endpoints. The detrimental effects of cognitive and psychological difficulties on social and economic mobility are well described. Although numerous reviews have assessed cognitive outcomes in other rare genetic disorders, SCD has not received the same focus. This review describes the cognitive (i.e., executive function and processing speed) and psychological domains (i.e., depression and anxiety) that are consistently associated with SCD pathology and, therefore, may be of particular interest as clinical trial endpoints. We then discuss corresponding well-validated and reliable cognitive tests and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that may be appropriate for clinical trials given their robust psychometric properties, ease of administration, and previous use in the SCD population. Further, we provide a discussion of potential pitfalls and considerations to guide endpoint selection. In line with the move toward patient-centered medicine, we identify specific tests (e.g., NIH Toolbox Cognition Module, Wechsler Cancellation Test) and psychological PROs (e.g., PROMIS depression and anxiety scales) that are sensitive to SCD morbidity and have the potential to capture changes that are clinically meaningful in the context of patients' day to day lives. In particularly vulnerable cognitive domains, such as executive function, we highlight the advantages of composite over single-test scores within the context of trials. We also identify general (i.e., practice effects, disease heterogeneity) and SCD-specific considerations (i.e., genotype, treatment course, and disease course, including degree of neurologic, pain, and sleep morbidity) for trial measures. Executive function composites hold particular promise as trial endpoints that are clinically meaningful, amenable to change, relatively easy to collect, and can be incorporated into the routine care of patients with SCD in various settings and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hood
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lori E. Crosby
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hanne Stotesbury
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Kölbel
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fenella J. Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Leota J, Hoffman D, Czeisler MÉ, Mascaro L, Drummond SP, Anderson C, Rajaratnam SM, Facer-Childs ER. Eastward Jet Lag is Associated with Impaired Performance and Game Outcome in the National Basketball Association. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892681. [PMID: 35784873 PMCID: PMC9245584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Elite athletes are often required to travel across time zones for national and international competitions, causing frequent jet lag. The aim of this study was to examine whether the direction of travel-related jet lag is associated with performance in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and if so, to explore potential mechanisms. Methods: Ten seasons comprising of 11,481 games of NBA data from the 2011/2012 to the 2020/2021 regular season were analyzed using multi-level mixed models with one fixed factor (three levels; jet lag direction: eastward vs westward vs no jet lag) and three random factors (team, opponent, game time). Predicted circadian resynchronization rate was accounted for, and home and away games were analysed separately. Mediation analyses were performed to examine potential mechanisms. Results: Among home teams, eastward (but not westward) jet lag was associated with reduced winning (Δ (i.e., change) = -6.03%, p = 0.051, marginal), points differential (Δ = -1.29 points, p = 0.015), rebound differential (Δ = -1.29 rebounds, p < 0.0001), and effective field goal percentage differential (Δ = -1.2%, p < 0.01). As the magnitude of eastward jet lag increased, home team points differential decreased (2 h Δ = -4.53 points, p < 0.05; 1 h Δ = -0.72 points, p = 0.07). No significant associations were found between jet lag and away team performance. Conclusion: Eastward jet lag was associated with impaired performance for home (but not away) teams. Sleep and circadian disruption associated with advancing phase following eastward travel may have significant adverse consequences on performance in the NBA, particularly when recovery time is limited. Sports organisations could consider chronobiology-informed scheduling and interventions to maximise recovery and performance of their athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark É. Czeisler
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean P.A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elise R. Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Danny Frawley Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Moorabbin, VIC, Australia
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Nelson RJ, Bumgarner JR, Liu JA, Love JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Prendergast BJ. Time of day as a critical variable in biology. BMC Biol 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 35705939 PMCID: PMC9202143 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are important for all aspects of biology; virtually every aspect of biological function varies according to time of day. Although this is well known, variation across the day is also often ignored in the design and reporting of research. For this review, we analyzed the top 50 cited papers across 10 major domains of the biological sciences in the calendar year 2015. We repeated this analysis for the year 2019, hypothesizing that the awarding of a Nobel Prize in 2017 for achievements in the field of circadian biology would highlight the importance of circadian rhythms for scientists across many disciplines, and improve time-of-day reporting. RESULTS Our analyses of these 1000 empirical papers, however, revealed that most failed to include sufficient temporal details when describing experimental methods and that few systematic differences in time-of-day reporting existed between 2015 and 2019. Overall, only 6.1% of reports included time-of-day information about experimental measures and manipulations sufficient to permit replication. CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythms are a defining feature of biological systems, and knowing when in the circadian day these systems are evaluated is fundamentally important information. Failing to account for time of day hampers reproducibility across laboratories, complicates interpretation of results, and reduces the value of data based predominantly on nocturnal animals when extrapolating to diurnal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jharnae A Love
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - O Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
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Palmero LB, Martínez-Pérez V, Tortajada M, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Mid-luteal phase progesterone effects on vigilance tasks are modulated by women's chronotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105722. [PMID: 35316685 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we assessed the effects of progesterone on vigilance tasks that require sustained attention. In contrast to previous research, we differentiated two components of vigilance: the exogenous component, involved in monotonous and tedious tasks such as the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT); and the endogenous component, involved in tasks that require cognitive control such as the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). METHODS A sample of 32 female participants differing in extreme chronotypes were tested at their optimal and non-optimal time-of-day, as secretion of sex hormones follows biological rhythms. Ovulation tests that measure the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine were used to minimize methodological errors. Women of Morning-type or Evening-type chronotypes completed 4 experimental sessions of the two attentional tasks when they were in their follicular (low progesterone level) and mid-luteal (high progesterone level) phases, both in the morning (8:00 AM) and the evening (8:30 PM). RESULTS Compared with the follicular phase, performance in the mid-luteal phase improved in the Morning-type participants and worsened in the Evening-type participants. This pattern of results was observed only when testing occurred at the optimal time-of-day and with both the PVT and the SART tasks. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the simultaneous presence of both progesterone and cortisol at 8:00 AM may explain the benefit observed in Morning-type females. In contrast, the low concentration of cortisol along with the reduced benefit of mid-luteal phase progesterone in the evening may account for the worsening in performance observed in Evening-type females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Prakash P, Vismaya K, Mahesh DS, Prabhu P. Effect of diurnal changes on dichotic listening in younger adults with normal hearing. J Otol 2022; 17:191-196. [PMID: 36249927 PMCID: PMC9547108 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity. Method Based on the ‘Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire’ given by Horne & Ostberg, the subjects were divided into moderately-morning, intermediate and moderately-evening categories. The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning and evening, and the right ear, left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning and evening for each category. Results There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and evening categories, where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and evening-type individuals performed better during the evening. The scores of intermediate individuals remained unchanged between morning and evening test results. Conclusion Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual's biological clock mechanism. Hence, attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that require sufficient physical and mental efforts. The current study suggests that clinicians and researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results.
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Gabay L, Miller P, Alia-Klein N, Lewin MP. Circadian Effects on Attention and Working Memory in College Students With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms. Front Psychol 2022; 13:851502. [PMID: 35651563 PMCID: PMC9150742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Individuals with an evening chronotype prefer to sleep later at night, wake up later in the day and perform best later in the day as compared to individuals with morning chronotype. Thus, college students without ADHD symptoms with evening chronotypes show reduced cognitive performance in the morning relative to nighttime (i.e., desynchrony effect). In combination with symptoms presented in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we predicted that having evening chronotype renders impairment in attention during the morning, when students require optimal performance, amplifying desynchrony. Method Four hundred college students were surveyed for evening chronotype and symptoms of ADHD. Of those surveyed, 43 students with evening chronotype (19 with ADHD symptoms) performed laboratory attention tasks and were queried about fatigue during morning and evening sessions. Results Students with ADHD symptoms demonstrated a greater decrement in sustained attentional vigilance when abstaining from stimulants and asked to perform cognitive tests at times misaligned with natural circadian rhythms in arousal compared to their non-ADHD counterparts with the same chronotype. While individuals with ADHD symptoms had slower reaction-times during sustained attention tasks in the morning session compared to those without symptoms, there was no significant group difference in working memory performance, even though both groups made more errors in the morning session compared to the evening session. Conclusion These findings suggest that evening chronotype students with ADHD symptoms are at a greater disadvantage when having to perform sustained attention tasks at times that are not aligned to their circadian rhythm compared to their neuro-typical peers. The implications of this finding may be useful for the provision of disability accommodations to college age students with ADHD when they are expected to perform tasks requiring sustained attention at times misaligned with their circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pazia Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Monica P. Lewin
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Per2 Expression Regulates the Spatial Working Memory of Mice through DRD1-PKA-CREB Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4292-4303. [PMID: 35508866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several individuals worldwide show cognitive impairment due to various reasons, including a prolonged lifespan and an altered lifestyle. Various causes, such as broken circadian rhythms and dopamine-related factors, have been proposed to be involved in the development of cognitive impairment. However, the underlying pathways remain elusive. Humans with circadian misalignment often face cognitive impairments, and animals with mutations in circadian rhythm-related genes display impaired cognitive functions. To analyze this in detail, this study aimed to investigate the pathways potentially involved in cognitive impairment using Period2 (Per2) transgenic animals. Spatial working memory performance in Per2 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice was assessed using the Barnes maze and Y-maze. The dopamine-related protein expression levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Per2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory, and the expression levels of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were higher in Per2 KO mice than in control mice. Additionally, DRD1 expression levels were inversely proportional to those of PER2. Thus, memory tests were again conducted after administration of the DRD1 antagonist SCH-23390. Per2 KO mice recovered from memory impairment, and the levels of PKA and CREB decreased after treatment. The effects of Aβ on memory in Per2 mice were also investigated, and we found the increased Aβ levels did not influence the memory performance of Per2 mice after SCH-23390 treatment. These results indicate that Per2 expression levels might influence spatial working memory performance via DRD1-PKA-CREB-dependent signaling.
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Circadian motor activity of non-dominant hand reaches acrophase later than dominant hand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5748. [PMID: 35388093 PMCID: PMC8987093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor activity during the first half of nocturnal sleep is lateralized to the non-dominant hand. What remains is to determine which account could explain this phenomenon: the more pronounced homeostatic deactivation of the dominant hemisphere or the circadian asymmetry in the hemispheric activation. To better understand the nature of these motor asymmetries, we performed an ecological study assessing the circadian motor activity in 34 evening, 52 intermediate, and 27 morning types. We observed a significant circadian phase delay of the 24-h motor activity pattern of the left hand in comparison to the right hand, regardless of chronotype. Moreover, we replicated higher motor activity in the left hand in comparison to the right hand in late evening that reached statistical significance only in evening and intermediate types. Analysing motor activity around bedtime and wake-up time, we observed a reverse pattern between circadian typologies: evening types showed higher activity in the left hand in comparison to the right hand before bedtime, while morning types showed significantly higher motor activity in the right hand in comparison to the left after wake-up time. Results support the hypothesis of a different circadian phase relationship between the two hemispheres.
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Carvalho da Silva AM, Lemos C, Silva HB, Ferreira IL, Tomé AR, Rego AC, Cunha RA. Simultaneous Alteration of the Circadian Variation of Memory, Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, and Metabolism in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:835885. [PMID: 35431906 PMCID: PMC9009366 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.835885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory deficits accompanied by synaptic and metabolic deficits, namely of mitochondrial function. AD patients also display a disrupted circadian pattern. Thus, we now compared memory performance, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondria function in 24-week-old non-transgenic (non-Tg) and triple transgenic male mice modeling AD (3xTg-AD) at Zeitgeber 04 (ZT-4, inactive phase) and ZT-16 (active phase). Using the Morris water maze test to minimize the influence of circadian-associated locomotor activity, we observed a circadian variation in hippocampus-dependent learning performance in non-Tg mice, which was impaired in 3xTg-AD mice. 3xTg-AD mice also displayed a lack of circadian variation of their performance in the reversal spatial learning task. Additionally, the amplitude of hippocampal long-term potentiation also exhibited a circadian profile in non-Tg mice, which was not observed in 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, cerebral cortical synaptosomes of non-Tg mice also displayed a circadian variation of FCCP-stimulated oxygen consumption as well as in mitochondrial calcium retention that were blunted in 3xTg-AD mice. In sum, this multidimensional study shows that the ability to maintain a circadian oscillation in brain behavior, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic mitochondria function are simultaneously impaired in 3xTg-AD mice, highlighting the effects of circadian misalignment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M. Carvalho da Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: António M. Carvalho da Silva,
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ildete L. Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R. Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- A. Cristina Rego,
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Rodrigo A. Cunha,
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. The Effects of Aging and Time of Day on Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:821043. [PMID: 35360220 PMCID: PMC8963784 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.821043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of day (TOD) influences on executive functions have been widely reported, with greater efficiency demonstrated at optimal relative to non-optimal TOD according to one's chronotype (i.e., synchrony effect). Older adults (OAs) show declines in inhibitory control and are more sensitive to the effects of circadian variation on executive functioning. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of TOD and aging on executive functioning using electrophysiological measures. The present study investigated the effects of aging and TOD on the neural correlates of inhibitory processing (N2 and P3) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Go-NoGo and Flanker tasks were administered to 52 OAs of morning chronotype and 51 younger adults (YAs) of afternoon-to-evening chronotype who were randomly assigned to morning or afternoon test sessions, with the optimal TOD for OAs in the morning and for YAs in the afternoon/evening. While behavioral results demonstrated no TOD effects, ERPs indicated synchrony effects. Both YAs and OAs showed greater modulation of Go-NoGo N2 and greater P3 amplitude during the non-optimal than optimal TOD, consistent with the synchrony effect. For the Flanker task, age differences in P3 amplitude were only apparent during the non-optimal TOD. These results suggest that processes associated with inhibitory control are differentially affected by TOD and aging, with age-related reductions in inhibitory efficiency during off-peak test times on measures of interference control. These findings highlight the sensitivity of ERPs to detect TOD effects in the absence of behavioral differences, confirm more pronounced TOD effects in OAs relative to YAs on ERP measures of interference control, and reinforce the need to assess and control for circadian typology in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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70
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Yaremenko S, Sauerland M, Hope L. Time-of-day effects on eyewitness reports in morning and evening types. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2022; 29:718-730. [PMID: 36148390 PMCID: PMC9487975 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1976298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our performance varies throughout the day as a function of alignment with our circadian rhythms. The current experiment tested whether similar performance patterns can be observed in eyewitness memory performance. One-hundred-and-three morning-type and evening-type participants watched a stimulus event, provided a free report and answered cued questions in the morning and the evening hours, respectively. We expected eyewitness reports to be more detailed and more accurate at participants' circadian peaks than at circadian troughs. Contrary to our predictions, time of testing did not significantly affect quantity and accuracy of eyewitness statements. Future studies might investigate whether matching chronotype with time of day would be beneficial when encoding or retrieval conditions are suboptimal or when eyewitnesses are vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Yaremenko
- The Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Melanie Sauerland
- The Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Hope
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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71
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Salehinejad MA, Azarkolah A, Ghanavati E, Nitsche MA. Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2022; 91:246-252. [PMID: 34334305 PMCID: PMC8277544 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed extraordinary and unpredictable changes on our lifestyle for an unknown duration. Consequently, core aspects of wellbeing including behavior, emotion, cognition, and social interactions are negatively affected. Sleep and circadian rhythms, with an extensive impact on physiology, behavior, emotion, and cognition are affected too. We provided an updated overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on circadian rhythms and sleep based on the results of published studies (n = 48) in three sections. First, we focus on circadian misalignment due to the pandemic in the general population (including shift workers, health staff, students) and COVID-19 patients and summarize the most critically contributing factors to circadian misalignment. Next, we address sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality during the pandemic, their contributing factors, rate and prevalence, and their effects on both the general population and COVID-19 patients. Finally, we summarize the currently applied/recommended interventions for aligning circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality in both, the general population, and COVID-19 patients during the pandemic situation. Briefly, circadian misalignment and sleep difficulties are common consequences of the pandemic in the general population (with elderly, students, children, health and night-work shifters as risk groups) and COVID-19 patients. Home confinement and its physiological, circadian, and psychological derivates are central to these difficulties. Symptoms severity, treatment progress, recovery duration, and even diagnosis of COVID-19 patients are considerably affected by circadian and sleep difficulties. Behavioral interventions for normalizing the factors that contribute to circadian and sleep difficulties are helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anita Azarkolah
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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72
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Maier T, Kühnel J, Zimmermann B. How Did You Sleep Tonight? The Relevance of Sleep Quality and Sleep–Wake Rhythm for Procrastination at Work. Front Psychol 2022; 12:785154. [PMID: 35295934 PMCID: PMC8918781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.785154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the relevance of sleep for procrastination at work. Procrastination at work is defined as the irrational delay of the initiation or completion of work-related activities. In line with recent studies, we offer a self-regulation perspective on procrastination. We argue that procrastination is an outcome of depleted self-regulatory resources and that the restoration of self-regulatory resources during high-quality sleep at night would prevent procrastination.AimsIn an attempt to further develop this line of research, the current study aimed to achieve a broader understanding of the relevance of sleep and circadian rhythm for procrastination. Therefore, we explored the effect of sleep quality on procrastination for different chronotypes. We also considered the shift to daylight saving time as a phenomenon that aggravates circadian misalignment and thereby later chronotypes' dependence on high-quality sleep. Specifically, we hypothesized that compared to employees with an earlier chronotype (morning types), employees with a later chronotype (evening types) are more dependent on good sleep at night to prevent procrastination the next day. This effect would be especially pronounced after the shift to daylight saving time.MethodsFor this repeated-measures study, participants were 101 full-time employees. They completed a general questionnaire and day-specific questionnaires on the Monday before and the Monday following the shift to daylight saving time.ResultsThe multilevel analyses showed that employees procrastinated less on days following nights during which they slept better and that later chronotypes experienced more procrastination than earlier chronotypes. Our findings also supported the hypothesis that the relationship between sleep quality and procrastination is stronger for later chronotypes compared to earlier chronotypes on the Monday following the shift to daylight saving time. In other words, the lower the sleep quality of later chronotypes during the previous night, the more they procrastinated on the Monday following the shift to daylight saving time.DiscussionOur findings further corroborate the existing findings on the relevance of sleep and chronotype for well-being and performance at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Maier
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Kühnel
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Jana Kühnel
| | - Beatrice Zimmermann
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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73
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Zhang J, Du L, Li J, Li R, Jin X, Ren J, Gao Y, Wang X. Association between circadian variation of heart rate and mortality among critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:45. [PMID: 35151270 PMCID: PMC8840314 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate (HR) related parameters, such as HR variability, HR turbulence, resting HR, and nighttime mean HR have been recognized as independent predictors of mortality. However, the influence of circadian changes in HR on mortality remains unclear in intensive care units (ICU). The study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the circadian variation in HR and mortality risk among critically ill patients. Methods The present study included 4,760 patients extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II database. The nighttime mean HR/daytime mean HR ratio was adopted as the circadian variation in HR. According to the median value of the circadian variation in HR, participants were divided into two groups: group A (≤ 1) and group B (> 1). The outcomes included ICU, hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities. The prognostic value of HR circadian variation was investigated by multivariable logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models. Results Patients in group B (n = 2,471) had higher mortality than those in group A (n = 2,289). Multivariable models revealed that the higher circadian variation in HR was associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.393; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.112–1.745; P = 0.004), hospital mortality (OR, 1.393; 95% CI, 1.112–1.745; P = 0.004), 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.260; 95% CI, 1.064–1.491; P = 0.007), and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.057–1.378; P = 0.005), especially in patients with higher SOFA scores. Conclusions The circadian variation in HR might aid in the early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of associated with ICU, hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-022-01586-9.
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74
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Siraji MA, Kalavally V, Schaefer A, Haque S. Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 12:765750. [PMID: 35069337 PMCID: PMC8766646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a systematic review conducted on articles examining the effects of daytime electric light exposure on alertness and higher cognitive functions. For this, we selected 59 quantitative research articles from 11 online databases. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020157603). The results showed that both short-wavelength dominant light exposure and higher intensity white light exposure induced alertness. However, those influences depended on factors like the participants' homeostatic sleep drive and the time of day the participants received the light exposure. The relationship between light exposure and higher cognitive functions was not as straightforward as the alerting effect. The optimal light property for higher cognitive functions was reported dependent on other factors, such as task complexity and properties of control light. Among the studies with short-wavelength dominant light exposure, ten studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 7) reported beneficial effects on simple task performances (reaction time), and four studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) on complex task performances. Four studies with higher intensity white light exposure (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) reported beneficial effects on simple task performance and nine studies (morning: 5; afternoon: 4) on complex task performance. Short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher light intensity induced a beneficial effect on alertness and simple task performances. However, those effects did not hold for complex task performances. The results indicate the need for further studies to understand the influence of short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher illuminance on alertness and higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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75
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Martínez-Pérez V, Tortajada M, Palmero LB, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation over right-DLPFC on vigilance tasks depend on the arousal level. Sci Rep 2022; 12:547. [PMID: 35017631 PMCID: PMC8752588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theoretical accounts on the oscillatory nature of sustained attention predict that entrainment via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha and theta frequencies on specific areas of the prefrontal cortex could prevent the drops in vigilance across time-on-task. Nonetheless, most previous studies have neglected both the fact that vigilance comprises two dissociable components (i.e., arousal and executive vigilance) and the potential role of differences in arousal levels. We examined the effects of theta- and alpha-tACS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in both components of vigilance and in participants who differed in arousal level according to their chronotype and time of testing. Intermediate-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal level was optimal, whereas evening-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal levels were non-optimal. Both theta- and alpha-tACS improved arousal vigilance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), whereas alpha-tACS, but not theta-tACS, improved executive vigilance in the sustained attention to response task (SART), and counteracted the typical vigilance decrement usually observed in this task. Importantly, these stimulation effects were only found when arousal was low (i.e., with evening-types performing the tasks at their non-optimal time of day). The results support the multicomponent view of vigilance, the relevance of heeding individual differences in arousal, and the role of alpha oscillations as a long-range cortical scale synchronization mechanism that compensates the decrements in performance as a function of time-on-task by exerting and maintaining cognitive control attributed to activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía B Palmero
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Campoy
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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76
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Radical pairs can explain magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock. Sci Rep 2022; 12:269. [PMID: 34997158 PMCID: PMC8742017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila's circadian clock can be perturbed by magnetic fields, as well as by lithium administration. Cryptochromes are critical for the circadian clock. Further, the radical pairs in cryptochrome also can explain magnetoreception in animals. Based on a simple radical pair mechanism model of the animal magnetic compass, we show that both magnetic fields and lithium can influence the spin dynamics of the naturally occurring radical pairs and hence modulate the circadian clock's rhythms. Using a simple chemical oscillator model for the circadian clock, we show that the spin dynamics influence a rate in the chemical oscillator model, which translates into a change in the circadian period. Our model can reproduce the results of two independent experiments, magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock. Our model predicts that stronger magnetic fields would shorten the clock's period. We also predict that lithium influences the clock in an isotope-dependent manner. Furthermore, our model also predicts that magnetic fields and hyperfine interactions modulate oxidative stress. The findings of this work suggest that the quantum nature of radical pairs might play roles in the brain, as another piece of evidence in addition to recent results on xenon anesthesia and lithium effects on hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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77
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Lunn J, Chen JY. Chronotype and time of day effects on verbal and facial emotional Stroop task performance in adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:323-332. [PMID: 34983272 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1998102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated chronotype and time of day effects on lexical and facial emotion processing tasks and explored relationships with sleep quality and mental health outcomes. Participants were 351 Taiwanese adolescents (204 males) aged 13 to 16 years of age who completed both a Facial-Emotional Stroop and a Lexical-Emotional Stroop task at 08:00-10:00 am or at 14:00-16:00 pm. Chronotype was measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and grouped into Morning (n = 46), Intermediate (n = 248) or Evening types (n = 57). Participants completed validated measures of sleep quality (PSQI) and mental health difficulties (DASS-21). The study observed independent effects of time of day and chronotype on the Facial-Emotional Stroop task. Independent of chronotype group, delayed reaction times to anger stimuli were observed in adolescents tested in the morning. Younger adolescents with an Evening chronotype showed delayed responses to anger faces independent of the time of testing. Facial-Emotional Stroop task performance correlated with reported sleep quality and mental health only in Evening chronotypes, with attenuated responses to anger versus neutral stimuli associated with poorer sleep quality and worse mental health outcomes. An exploratory simple mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between attenuated responses to anger and greater mental health difficulties was fully mediated by poorer sleep quality. This study provides evidence of diurnal and chronotype-related variation in facial threat-related processing in typical adolescent development. It also indicates how social emotional processing is vulnerable to sleep disruptions and is linked to the greater mental health problems observed in adolescents with an eveningness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lunn
- Ming-Der Senior High School, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Chen
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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78
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Ceglarek A, Ochab JK, Cifre I, Fafrowicz M, Sikora-Wachowicz B, Lewandowska K, Bohaterewicz B, Marek T, Chialvo DR. Non-linear Functional Brain Co-activations in Short-Term Memory Distortion Tasks. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:778242. [PMID: 34924944 PMCID: PMC8678091 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.778242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent works shed light on the neural correlates of true and false recognition and the influence of time of day on cognitive performance. The current study aimed to investigate the modulation of the false memory formation by the time of day using a non-linear correlation analysis originally designed for fMRI resting-state data. Fifty-four young and healthy participants (32 females, mean age: 24.17 ± 3.56 y.o.) performed in MR scanner the modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm in short-term memory during one session in the morning and another in the evening. Subjects’ responses were modeled with a general linear model, which includes as a predictor the non-linear correlations of regional BOLD activity with the stimuli, separately for encoding and retrieval phases. The results show the dependence of the non-linear correlations measures with the time of day and the type of the probe. In addition, the results indicate differences in the correlations measures with hippocampal regions between positive and lure probes. Besides confirming previous results on the influence of time-of-day on cognitive performance, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of the non-linear correlation analysis method for the characterization of fMRI task paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ceglarek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jeremi K Ochab
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center and M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ignacio Cifre
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències l'Educació i de l'Esport, Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Koryna Lewandowska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dante R Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences (CEMSC3), Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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79
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Heggli OA, Stupacher J, Vuust P. Diurnal fluctuations in musical preference. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210885. [PMID: 34804568 PMCID: PMC8580447 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rhythm of human life is governed by diurnal cycles, as a result of endogenous circadian processes evolved to maximize biological fitness. Even complex aspects of daily life, such as affective states, exhibit systematic diurnal patterns which in turn influence behaviour. As a result, previous research has identified population-level diurnal patterns in affective preference for music. By analysing audio features from over two billion music streaming events on Spotify, we find that the music people listen to divides into five distinct time blocks corresponding to morning, afternoon, evening, night and late night/early morning. By integrating an artificial neural network with Spotify's API, we show a general awareness of diurnal preference in playlists, which is not present to the same extent for individual tracks. Our results demonstrate how music intertwines with our daily lives and highlight how even something as individual as musical preference is influenced by underlying diurnal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Adrian Heggli
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Stupacher
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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80
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Yamazaki EM, Casale CE, Brieva TE, Antler CA, Goel N. Concordance of multiple methods to define resiliency and vulnerability to sleep loss depends on Psychomotor Vigilance Test metric. Sleep 2021; 45:6384814. [PMID: 34624897 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) reveal well-established individual differences in Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance. While prior studies have used different methods to categorize such resiliency/vulnerability, none have systematically investigated whether these methods categorize individuals similarly. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day laboratory study consisting of 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The PVT was administered every 2h during wakefulness. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR performance], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline performance], and Variance [intraindividual variance of SR performance]), and within each approach, six thresholds (±1 standard deviation and the best/worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, and 50%) classified Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations examined the concordance of group categorizations of approaches within and between PVT lapses and 1/reaction time (RT). Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group performance. RESULTS Correlations comparing the approaches ranged from moderate to perfect for lapses and zero to moderate for 1/RT. Defined by all approaches, the Resilient groups had significantly fewer lapses on nearly all study days. Defined by the Raw Score approach only, the Resilient groups had significantly faster 1/RT on all study days. Between-measures comparisons revealed significant correlations between the Raw Score approach for 1/RT and all approaches for lapses. CONCLUSION The three approaches defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss resulted in groups comprised of similar individuals for PVT lapses but not for 1/RT. Thus, both method and metric selection for defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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81
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Gorgol J, Waleriańczyk W, Stolarski M. The moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:106-116. [PMID: 34612109 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1979995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the undeniably morning orientation of the social clock, the evening chronotype can be associated with negative consequences, both at the affective and cognitive levels. Evening-oriented individuals are more susceptible to affective disorders, show poorer educational achievements and consume stimulants more often than morning-oriented individuals. However, little is known about potential factors that may attenuate or amplify these negative emotional consequences of the evening preference. Thus, our aim was to examine whether personality traits interplay with chronotype in predicting depressive symptoms. We assessed the Big Five and the Big Two personality traits, morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in an online sample of 913 Polish individuals (468 females, 445 males), aged 18-35 (M = 26.34, SD = 5.15). Eveningness, higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness and lower alpha-stability were associated with higher depressive symptoms. The magnitude of the association between eveningness and depressive symptoms decreased with higher conscientiousness and alpha-stability, as well as with lower neuroticism. In conclusion, high neuroticism, low conscientiousness and low alpha-stability increase the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly among evening chronotypes. The patients' chronotypes and personality traits should be taken into account in both the prevention and diagnostics of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gorgol
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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82
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Wilks H, Aschenbrenner AJ, Gordon BA, Balota DA, Fagan AM, Musiek E, Balls-Berry J, Benzinger TL, Cruchaga C, Morris JC, Hassenstab J. Sharper in the morning: Cognitive time of day effects revealed with high-frequency smartphone testing. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:825-837. [PMID: 35037593 PMCID: PMC9116128 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research has established a shift from an "eveningness" preference to a "morningness" preference with increasing age. Accordingly, older adults typically have better cognition in morning hours compared to evening hours. We present the first known attempt to capture circadian fluctuations in cognition in individuals at risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) using a remotely administered smartphone assessment that samples cognition rapidly and repeatedly over several days. Older adults (N = 169, aged 61-94 years; 93% cognitively normal) completed four brief smartphone-based testing sessions per day for 7 consecutive days at quasi-random time intervals, assessing associate memory, processing speed, and visual working memory. Scores completed during early hours were averaged for comparison with averaged scores completed during later hours. Mixed effects models evaluated time of day effects on cognition. Additional models included clinical status and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for beta amyloid (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau181 (pTau). Models with terms for age, gender, education, APOE ε4 status, and clinical status revealed significantly worse performance on associate memory in evening hours compared to morning hours. Contemporaneously reported mood and fatigue levels did not moderate relationships. Using CSF data to classify individuals with and without significant AD pathology, there were no group differences in performance in morning hours, but subtle impairment emerged in associate memory in evening hours in those with CSF-confirmed AD pathology. These findings indicate that memory is worse in evening hours in older adults, that this pattern is consistent across several days, and is independent of measures of mood and fatigue. Further, they provide preliminary evidence of a "cognitive sundowning" in the very earliest stages of AD. Time of day may be an important consideration for assessments in observational studies and clinical trials in AD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wilks
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Aschenbrenner
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A. Balota
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joyce Balls-Berry
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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83
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Nouri A, Esmaeili F, Seyedi H, Rezaeian S, Panjeh S, Cogo-Moreira H, Pompeia S. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian versions of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale and Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:343. [PMID: 34761029 PMCID: PMC8552258 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_260_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and the Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) are widely used to measure two important facets of sleep patterns, but neither have been adapted and validated for use in Iran. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Persian versions of the PDSS and the MESC in a sample of Iranian adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Persian versions of PDSS and MESC were translated and administered to a representative sample (n = 407) of Iranian early adolescents, aged 9-15 years, who attended school in morning shifts. The factor structure of both scales, found in prior studies, was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analyses to assess their validity and reliability. RESULTS The results revealed that the model fit indices of the one factor solution of the PDSS and the two factor solution of the MESC were acceptable to good. A high Pearson correlation was found between raw and latent factor scores for the PDSS and the two factors derived from the MESC (i.e., Morningness and Planning). Furthermore, the higher the PDSS score (more daytime sleepiness), the lower the MESC scores (more eveningness), indicating criterion validity of the scales showing the expected increase in daytime sleepiness in evening oriented adolescents who wake up early for attending school. CONCLUSION The Persian versions of the PDSS and the MESC can be considered reliable and valid tools for evaluating, respectively, daytime sleepiness and morningness-eveningness in the adolescent population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouri
- Department of Educational Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Esmaeili
- M.A. in Mind, Brain and Education Science, Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heliya Seyedi
- M.A. in Mind, Brain and Education Science, Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Rezaeian
- Ph.D. in Higher Education Management, Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Panjeh
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sabine Pompeia
- Deparment of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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84
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Kahawage P, Crowe M, Gottlieb J, Swartz HA, Yatham LN, Bullock B, Inder M, Porter R, Nierenberg AA, Meesters Y, Gordjin M, Haarman BCM, Murray G. Adrift in time: the subjective experience of circadian challenge during COVID-19 amongst people with mood disorders. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:57-67. [PMID: 34565268 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1967971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social distancing/lockdown policies during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may alter social rhythms of people through imposition of restrictions on normal daily activities. This may in turn challenge circadian function, particularly in people with mood disorders. Although objective data describing the relationship between circadian disturbances and mood disorders exist, data regarding the subjective experience of circadian challenge is sparse, and its association with mood symptoms is unclear. The present qualitative study was one component of a mixed-methods multi-national project, which took advantage of widespread disruption to daily routines due to Government COVID-related lockdowns during 2020. The Behavior Emotion and Timing during COVID-19 (BEATCOVID) survey study included three open questions generating qualitative data on participants' subjective experience of social disruption due to social distancing/lockdown policies, two of which asked about the barriers and opportunities for stabilizing routines. Responses were coded and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. A total of N = 997 participants responded to at least one of the free-text questions. Four themes were identified: 1) loss of daily timed activities, 2) role of social interaction, 3) altered time perception and 4) disruption to motivation and associated psychological effects. Themes were organized into a provisional heuristic map, generating hypotheses for future research centered on the new concept of 'psychological drift.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumi Kahawage
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Holly A Swartz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ben Bullock
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maree Inder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Gordjin
- Chrono@Work & Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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85
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The effect of sleep on novel word learning in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:1811-1838. [PMID: 34549375 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to indicate that sleep plays a role in language acquisition and consolidation; however, there has been substantial variability in methodological approaches used to examine this phenomenon. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of sleep on novel word learning in adults, and explore whether these effects differed by retrieval domain (i.e., recall, recognition, and tests of lexical integration). Twenty-five unique studies met the inclusion criteria for the review, and 42 separate outcome measures were synthesized in the meta-analysis (k = 29 separate between-group comparisons, n = 1,396 participants). The results from the omnibus meta-analysis indicated that sleep was beneficial for novel word learning compared with wakefulness (g = 0.50). Effect sizes differed across the separate domain-specific meta-analyses, with moderate effects for recall (g = 0.57) and recognition memory (g = 0.52), and a small effect for tasks which measured lexical integration (g = 0.39). Overall, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that sleep generally benefits novel word acquisition and consolidation compared with wakefulness across differing retrieval domains. This systematic review highlights the potential for sleep to be used to improve second-language learning in healthy adults, and overall provides further insight into methods to facilitate language development.
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86
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Casale CE, Yamazaki EM, Brieva TE, Antler CA, Goel N. Raw scores on subjective sleepiness, fatigue, and vigor metrics consistently define resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss. Sleep 2021; 45:6367754. [PMID: 34499166 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although trait-like individual differences in subjective responses to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) exist, reliable characterizations remain elusive. We comprehensively compared multiple methods for defining resilience and vulnerability by subjective metrics. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day experiment:2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue (POMS-F) and Vigor (POMS-V) were administered every 2h. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR score], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline score], and Variance [intraindividual SR score variance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the highest/lowest scoring 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%) categorized Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations compared the group categorization's concordance within and between KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V scores. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group scores. RESULTS There were significant correlations between all approaches at all thresholds for POMS-F, between Raw Score and Change from Baseline approaches for KSS, and between Raw Score and Variance approaches for POMS-V. All Resilient groups defined by the Raw Score approach had significantly better scores throughout the study, notably including during baseline and recovery, whereas the two other approaches differed by measure, threshold, or day. Between-measure correlations varied in strength by measure, approach, or threshold. CONCLUSION Only the Raw Score approach consistently distinguished Resilient/Vulnerable groups at baseline, during sleep loss, and during recovery‒‒we recommend this approach as an effective method for subjective resilience/vulnerability categorization. All approaches created comparable categorizations for fatigue, some were comparable for sleepiness, and none were comparable for vigor. Fatigue and vigor captured resilience/vulnerability similarly to sleepiness but not each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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87
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Carciofo R. A time to wander: exploring associations between components of circadian functioning, mind wandering typology, and time-of-day. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1972522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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88
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Jubera-Garcia E, Gevers W, Van Opstal F. Local build-up of sleep pressure could trigger mind wandering: Evidence from sleep, circadian and mind wandering research. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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89
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Casale CE, Goel N. Genetic Markers of Differential Vulnerability to Sleep Loss in Adults. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1317. [PMID: 34573301 PMCID: PMC8464868 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss reports of genotype-dependent interindividual differences in phenotypic neurobehavioral responses to total sleep deprivation or sleep restriction. We highlight the importance of using the candidate gene approach to further elucidate differential resilience and vulnerability to sleep deprivation in humans, although we acknowledge that other omics techniques and genome-wide association studies can also offer insights into biomarkers of such vulnerability. Specifically, we discuss polymorphisms in adenosinergic genes (ADA and ADORA2A), core circadian clock genes (BHLHE41/DEC2 and PER3), genes related to cognitive development and functioning (BDNF and COMT), dopaminergic genes (DRD2 and DAT), and immune and clearance genes (AQP4, DQB1*0602, and TNFα) as potential genetic indicators of differential vulnerability to deficits induced by sleep loss. Additionally, we review the efficacy of several countermeasures for the neurobehavioral impairments induced by sleep loss, including banking sleep, recovery sleep, caffeine, and naps. The discovery of reliable, novel genetic markers of differential vulnerability to sleep loss has critical implications for future research involving predictors, countermeasures, and treatments in the field of sleep and circadian science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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90
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Serra-Negra JM, Dias RB, Manfredini D. Sleep bruxism, chronotype, and cardiovascular issues - an interesting triad. Dr. Júnia Serra-Negra et al.'s reply. Cranio 2021; 39:459-460. [PMID: 34369321 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1956788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júnia Maria Serra-Negra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil,
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91
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Salehinejad MA, Wischnewski M, Ghanavati E, Mosayebi-Samani M, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Cognitive functions and underlying parameters of human brain physiology are associated with chronotype. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4672. [PMID: 34344864 PMCID: PMC8333420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have natural relative variations among humans known as chronotype. Chronotype or being a morning or evening person, has a specific physiological, behavioural, and also genetic manifestation. Whether and how chronotype modulates human brain physiology and cognition is, however, not well understood. Here we examine how cortical excitability, neuroplasticity, and cognition are associated with chronotype in early and late chronotype individuals. We monitor motor cortical excitability, brain stimulation-induced neuroplasticity, and examine motor learning and cognitive functions at circadian-preferred and non-preferred times of day in 32 individuals. Motor learning and cognitive performance (working memory, and attention) along with their electrophysiological components are significantly enhanced at the circadian-preferred, compared to the non-preferred time. This outperformance is associated with enhanced cortical excitability (prominent cortical facilitation, diminished cortical inhibition), and long-term potentiation/depression-like plasticity. Our data show convergent findings of how chronotype can modulate human brain functions from basic physiological mechanisms to behaviour and higher-order cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miles Wischnewski
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.
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92
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Tandoc MC, Bayda M, Poskanzer C, Cho E, Cox R, Stickgold R, Schapiro AC. Examining the effects of time of day and sleep on generalization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255423. [PMID: 34339459 PMCID: PMC8328323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting shared structure across our experiences allows us to generalize our knowledge to novel contexts. How do different brain states influence this ability to generalize? Using a novel category learning paradigm, we assess the effect of both sleep and time of day on generalization that depends on the flexible integration of recent information. Counter to our expectations, we found no evidence that this form of generalization is better after a night of sleep relative to a day awake. Instead, we observed an effect of time of day, with better generalization in the morning than the evening. This effect also manifested as increased false memory for generalized information. In a nap experiment, we found that generalization did not benefit from having slept recently, suggesting a role for time of day apart from sleep. In follow-up experiments, we were unable to replicate the time of day effect for reasons that may relate to changes in category structure and task engagement. Despite this lack of consistency, we found a morning benefit for generalization when analyzing all the data from experiments with matched protocols (n = 136). We suggest that a state of lowered inhibition in the morning may facilitate spreading activation between otherwise separate memories, promoting this form of generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie C. Tandoc
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mollie Bayda
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Craig Poskanzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eileen Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna C. Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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93
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Nelson RJ, Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, DeVries AC. Time-of-day as a critical biological variable. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:740-746. [PMID: 34052279 PMCID: PMC8504485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-day is a crucial, yet often overlooked, biological variable in biomedical research. We examined the top 25 most cited papers in several domains of behavioral neuroscience to determine whether time-of-day information was reported. The majority of studies report behavioral testing conducted during the day, which does not coincide with the optimal time to perform the testing from an functional perspective of the animals being tested. The majority of animal models used in biomedical research are nocturnal rodents; thus, testing during the light phase (i.e. animals' rest period) may alter the results and introduce variability across studies. Time-of-day is rarely considered in analyses or reported in publications; the majority of publications fail to include temporal details when describing their experimental methods, and those few that report testing during the dark rarely report whether measures are in place to protect from exposure to extraneous light. We propose that failing to account for time-of-day may compromise replication of findings across behavioral studies and reduce their value when extrapolating results to diurnal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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94
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Brieva TE, Casale CE, Yamazaki EM, Antler CA, Goel N. Cognitive throughput and working memory raw scores consistently differentiate resilient and vulnerable groups to sleep loss. Sleep 2021; 44:6333652. [PMID: 34333658 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Substantial individual differences exist in cognitive deficits due to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD), with various methods used to define such neurobehavioral differences. We comprehensively compared numerous methods for defining cognitive throughput and working memory resiliency and vulnerability. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day experiment: 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Digit Span Test (DS) were administered every 2h. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR performance], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline performance], and Variance [intraindividual variance of SR performance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the best/worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%) classified Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations compared the group categorizations' concordance within and between DSST number correct and DS total number correct. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group performance. . RESULTS The approaches generally did not categorize the same participants into Resilient/Vulnerable groups within or between measures. The Resilient groups categorized by the Raw Score approach had significantly better DSST and DS performance across all thresholds on all study days, while the Resilient groups categorized by the Change from Baseline approach had significantly better DSST and DS performance for several thresholds on most study days. By contrast, the Variance approach showed no significant DSST and DS performance group differences. CONCLUSION Various approaches to define cognitive throughput and working memory resilience/vulnerability to sleep loss are not synonymous. The Raw Score approach can be reliably used to differentiate resilient and vulnerable groups using DSST and DS performance during sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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95
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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96
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Analysis of Human Behavior by Mining Textual Data: Current Research Topics and Analytical Techniques. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review of current approaches and techniques for identifying, understanding, and predicting human behaviors through mining a variety of sources of textual data with a focus on enabling classification of psychological behaviors regarding emotion, cognition, and social empathy. This review was performed using keyword searches in ISI Web of Science, Engineering Village Compendex, ProQuest Dissertations, and Google Scholar. Our findings show that, despite recent advancements in predicting human behaviors based on unstructured textual data, significant developments in data analytics systems for identification, determination of interrelationships, and prediction of human cognitive, emotional and social behaviors remain lacking.
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97
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Colelli DR, Black SE, Masellis M, Lam B, Lim ASP, Boulos MI. Feasibility of unattended home sleep apnea testing in a cognitively impaired clinic population. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:435-444. [PMID: 33094723 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of developing dementia. Home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) is a convenient and validated method to screen for OSA among cognitively well individuals; however, it is unknown if it is a clinically feasible and practical approach in clinic patients with cognitive impairment. We evaluated if HSAT was a feasible and practical approach to screen for OSA in clinic patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS Patients with cognitive impairment due to neurodegenerative and/or vascular etiologies completed OSA screening using HSAT. HSAT was considered a feasible technique if ≥ 80% of those who attempted HSAT obtained analyzable data (ie, ≥ 4 hours of flow, effort, and oxygen evaluation), and a practical technique if ≥ 50% of all patients approached for study inclusion obtained analyzable data. RESULTS Of the 119 patients who were approached for participation, 83 were enrolled and offered HSAT; 5 did not complete HSAT screening, and the remaining 78 patients attempted HSAT; mean age (± standard deviation) of 72.86 (± 9.89) years and 46% were male. In those that attempted HSAT, 85.9% (67/78) obtained analyzable data and 56.3% (67/119) of eligible patients approached for study inclusion obtained analyzable data. CONCLUSIONS HSAT is a feasible and practical technique in a clinic population with cognitive impairment. As OSA is a modifiable risk factor for patients with dementia, HSAT has the potential to lead to expedited treatment for OSA, which may potentially improve health-related outcomes such as cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Colelli
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lam
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew S P Lim
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark I Boulos
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
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98
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Eastwood J, Walton G, Van Hemert S, Williams C, Lamport D. The effect of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:311-327. [PMID: 34171323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently the scientific community has seen a growing interest in the role of the gut-brain axis and, in particular, how probiotic supplementation may influence neural function and behaviour via manipulation of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review was to systematically review the current literature exploring the effect of probiotic intervention on cognitive function. PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for human trials. Studies selected for inclusion administered a probiotic intervention and included at least one behavioural measure of cognitive performance. A total of 30 experimental papers were included, exploring the effect of probiotics across a variety of ages, populations and cognitive domains. The evidence suggests there may be potential for probiotics to enhance cognitive function or attenuate cognitive decline, particularly in clinically relevant adult populations for whom cognitive dysfunction may be present. However, the limited number of studies and the quality of the existing research makes it challenging to interpret the data. Further research is clearly warranted. PROSPERO: CRD42020164820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Saskia Van Hemert
- Winclove Probiotics, Hulstweg 11, 1032LB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK.
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99
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Park YH, Shin SA, Kim S, Lee JM. Key Intrinsic Connectivity Networks for Individual Identification With Siamese Long Short-Term Memory. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660187. [PMID: 34220422 PMCID: PMC8249867 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, many studies have been conducted on inter-subject variability as well as intra-subject reproducibility. These studies indicate that fMRI could have unique characteristics for individuals. In this study, we hypothesized that the dynamic information during 1 min of fMRI was unique and repetitive enough for each subject, so we applied long short-term memory (LSTM) using initial time points of dynamic resting-state fMRI for individual identification. Siamese network is used to obtain robust individual identification performance without additional learning on a new dataset. In particular, by adding a new structure called region of interest–wise average pooling (RAP), individual identification performance could be improved, and key intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) for individual identification were also identified. The average performance of individual identification was 97.88% using the test dataset in eightfold cross-validation analysis. Through the visualization of features learned by Siamese LSTM with RAP, ICNs spanning the parietal region were observed as the key ICNs in identifying individuals. These results suggest the key ICNs in fMRI could represent individual uniqueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonggyu Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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100
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Ceglarek A, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Lewandowska K, Sikora-Wachowicz B, Marek T, Fafrowicz M. Time-of-day effects on objective and subjective short-term memory task performance. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1330-1343. [PMID: 34121547 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1929279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The time-of-day along with the synchrony effect (better performance at optimal times of the day according to the chronotype) on the cognitive performance has been well established in previous research. This influence is mediated by both circadian and homeostatic processes consistent with the Borbély two-process model. This experiment focused on the objective and subjective performance of the visual short-term memory task requiring holistic processing. Sixty-five young, healthy participants including 40 females were divided into morning and evening types and performed a given task in two sessions - in the morning and in the evening. Type division was made according to the chronotype questionnaire and polymorphism of the PER3 clock gene. The task was a modified version of Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm adjusted to study short-term memory, in which visual, abstract stimuli were used. The analysis was based on an exploratory approach investigating the influence of circadian and individual (sex) factors on execution of memory task. Evening types were more accurate in the task compared to morning types, regardless of the part of the day. The time-of-day effect was revealed on objective measures (reaction times for hits and false alarms) and subjective effort put into the performance. The reaction times were slower in the morning unlike the effort that was greater in the evening. The time-of-day × sex interaction was observed in the case of subjective effort: men described the task as more demanding in the evening. The results could be explained by differences in hemispheric dominance depending on the time-of-day. The report provides new patterns of behavioral data analysis, investigating sex aspects and use of self-assessment scales of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ceglarek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Koryna Lewandowska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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