51
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Irani F, Jannesari A, Bastani S. Surface Properties of Pristine and Fluorinated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3027982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Irani
- Institute for Color Science and Technology, 16765-654 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jannesari
- Institute for Color Science and Technology, 16765-654 Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Bastani
- Institute for Color Science and Technology, 16765-654 Tehran, Iran
- Centre of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, 16765-654 Tehran,
Iran
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52
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Bauer S, Arpa-Sancet MP, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Rosenhahn A. Adhesion of marine fouling organisms on hydrophilic and amphiphilic polysaccharides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4039-4047. [PMID: 23425225 DOI: 10.1021/la3038022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are a promising material for nonfouling surfaces because their chemical composition makes them highly hydrophilic and able to form water-storing hydrogels. Here we investigated the nonfouling properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) against marine fouling organisms. Additionally, the free carboxyl groups of HA and CS were postmodified with the hydrophobic trifluoroethylamine (TFEA) to block free carboxyl groups and render the surfaces amphiphilic. All coatings were tested with respect to their protein resistance and against settlement and adhesion of different marine fouling species. Both the settlement and adhesion strength of a marine bacterium (Cobetia marina), zoospores of the seaweed Ulva linza, and cells of a diatom (Navicula incerta) were reduced compared to glass control surfaces. In most cases, TFEA capping increased or maintained the performance of the HA coatings, whereas for the very well performing CS coatings the antifouling performance was reduced after capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bauer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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53
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Quorum sensing inhibitors: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:224-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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54
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Zhao W, Fonsny P, FitzGerald P, Warr GG, Perrier S. Unexpected behavior of polydimethylsiloxane/poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (charged) amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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55
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Liu X, Tong W, Wu Z, Jiang W. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces with tunable microtopography and anti-biofouling properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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56
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Abstract
Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, HKSAR, China.
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57
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Lejars M, Margaillan A, Bressy C. Fouling Release Coatings: A Nontoxic Alternative to Biocidal Antifouling Coatings. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4347-90. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200350v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lejars
- Laboratoire
MAtériaux Polymères Interfaces
Environnement Marin (MAPIEM, E.A. 4323), Université du Sud Toulon-Var, ISITV, Avenue Georges Pompidou, BP-56,
83162 La Valette-du-Var Cedex, France
| | - André Margaillan
- Laboratoire
MAtériaux Polymères Interfaces
Environnement Marin (MAPIEM, E.A. 4323), Université du Sud Toulon-Var, ISITV, Avenue Georges Pompidou, BP-56,
83162 La Valette-du-Var Cedex, France
| | - Christine Bressy
- Laboratoire
MAtériaux Polymères Interfaces
Environnement Marin (MAPIEM, E.A. 4323), Université du Sud Toulon-Var, ISITV, Avenue Georges Pompidou, BP-56,
83162 La Valette-du-Var Cedex, France
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58
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Cho Y, Sundaram HS, Finlay JA, Dimitriou MD, Callow ME, Callow JA, Kramer EJ, Ober CK. Reconstruction of Surfaces from Mixed Hydrocarbon and PEG Components in Water: Responsive Surfaces Aid Fouling Release. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1864-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Cho
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
| | - Harihara S. Sundaram
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
| | - John A. Finlay
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Dimitriou
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Maureen E. Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - James A. Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, United States
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59
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Martinelli E, Sarvothaman MK, Alderighi M, Galli G, Mielczarski E, Mielczarski JA. PDMS network blends of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)-fluoroalkyl side chains for fouling-release coatings. I. Chemistry and stability of the film surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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60
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Sokolova A, Bailey JJ, Waltz GT, Brewer LH, Finlay JA, Fornalik J, Wendt DE, Callow ME, Callow JA, Bright FV, Detty MR. Spontaneous multiscale phase separation within fluorinated xerogel coatings for fouling-release surfaces. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:143-157. [PMID: 22303880 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.659244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Four-component xerogel films consisting of 1 mole-% n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18) and 50 mole-% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in combination with 1-24 mole-% tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane (TDF) and 25-48 mole-% n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8) and a 1:49:50 mole-% C18/TDF/TEOS were prepared. Settlement of barnacle cyprids and removal of juvenile barnacles, settlement of zoospores of the alga Ulva linza, and strength of attachment of 7-day sporelings (young plants) of Ulva were compared amongst the xerogel formulations. Several of the xerogel formulations were comparable to poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer with respect to removal of juvenile barnacles and removal of sporeling biomass. The 1:4:45:50 and 1:14:35:50 C18/TDF/C8/TEOS xerogels displayed some phase segregation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) pre- and post-immersion in water. Imaging reflectance infrared microscopy showed the formation of islands of alkane-rich and perfluoroalkane-rich regions in these same xerogels both pre- and post-immersion in water. Surface energies were unchanged upon immersion in water for 48 h amongst the TDF-containing xerogel coatings. AFM measurements demonstrated that surface roughness on the 1:4:45:50 and 1:14:35:50 C18/TDF/C8/TEOS xerogel coatings decreased upon immersion in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sokolova
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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61
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Imbesi PM, Finlay JA, Aldred N, Eller MJ, Felder SE, Pollack KA, Lonnecker AT, Raymond JE, Mackay ME, Schweikert EA, Clare AS, Callow JA, Callow ME, Wooley KL. Targeted surface nanocomplexity: two-dimensional control over the composition, physical properties and anti-biofouling performance of hyperbranched fluoropolymer–poly(ethylene glycol) amphiphilic crosslinked networks. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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Martinelli E, Sarvothaman MK, Galli G, Pettitt ME, Callow ME, Callow JA, Conlan SL, Clare AS, Sugiharto AB, Davies C, Williams D. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) network blends of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)-fluoroalkyl side chains for fouling-release coatings. II. Laboratory assays and field immersion trials. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:571-582. [PMID: 22702904 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.697897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers containing different amounts of poly(ethylene glycol)-fluoroalkyl acrylate and polysiloxane methacrylate units were blended with a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix in different proportions to investigate the effect of both copolymer composition and loading on the biological performance of the coatings. Laboratory bioassays revealed optimal compositions for the release of sporelings of Ulva linza, and the settlement of cypris larvae of Balanus amphitrite. The best-performing coatings were subjected to field immersion tests. Experimental coatings containing copolymer showed significantly reduced levels of hard fouling compared to the control coatings (PDMS without copolymer), their performance being equivalent to a coating based on Intersleek 700™. XPS analysis showed that only small amounts of fluorine at the coating surface were sufficient for good antifouling/fouling-release properties. AFM analyses of coatings under immersion showed that the presence of a regular surface structure with nanosized domains correlated with biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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63
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Carl C, Poole AJ, Vucko MJ, Williams MR, Whalan S, de Nys R. Enhancing the efficacy of fouling-release coatings against fouling by Mytilus galloprovincialis using nanofillers. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:1077-1091. [PMID: 23025554 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.728588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fouling-release (FR) coatings minimise the adhesion strength of fouling organisms. This study describes improved technologies to control the settlement and adhesion of the important fouling organism Mytilus galloprovincialis by incorporating the nanofillers titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrices. The incorporation of TiO(2) prevented larval settlement when photoactivated with UV light, even at the lowest concentration of the nanofiller (3.75 wt%). Notably, there was 100% mortality of pediveligers exposed to photoactivated TiO(2). However, plantigrades initially settled to photoactivated TiO(2), but their adhesion strength was significantly reduced on these surfaces in comparison to blank PDMS. In addition, plantigrades had high mortality after 6 h. In contrast to the enhanced antifouling and FR properties of PDMS incorporating TiO(2), the incorporation of CNTs had no effect on the settlement and adhesion of M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carl
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Centre of Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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64
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Hodson OM, Monty JP, Molino PJ, Wetherbee R. Novel whole cell adhesion assays of three isolates of the fouling diatom Amphora coffeaeformis reveal diverse responses to surfaces of different wettability. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:381-393. [PMID: 22509778 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.680020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Whole cell, strength of adhesion assays of three different isolates of the fouling diatom Amphora coffeaeformis were compared using a hydrophilic surface viz. acid washed glass (AWG), and a hydrophobic surface viz. a self assembled monolayer (SAM) of undecanethiol (UDT). Assays were performed using a newly designed turbulent flow channel that permits direct observation and recording of cell populations on a test surface. Exposure to continuous shear stress over 3 h revealed that the more motile isolate, WIL2, adhered much more strongly to both test surfaces compared to the other two strains. When the response of the isolates to shear stress after 3 h was compared, there was no significant difference in the percentage of cells removed, irrespective of surface wettability. Cells of the three isolates of A. coffeaeformis varied significantly in their response to different surfaces during initial adhesion, indicating the presence of a wide range of 'physiological races' within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Hodson
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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65
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Dimitriou MD, Zhou Z, Yoo HS, Killops KL, Finlay JA, Cone G, Sundaram HS, Lynd NA, Barteau KP, Campos LM, Fischer DA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Ober CK, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ. A general approach to controlling the surface composition of poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers for antifouling coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13762-13772. [PMID: 21888355 DOI: 10.1021/la202509m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To control the surface properties of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer, perfluorinated chemical moieties were specifically incorporated into the block copolymer backbone. A polystyrene-block-poly[(ethylene oxide)-stat-(allyl glycidyl ether)] [PS-b-P(EO-stat-AGE)] statistical diblock terpolymer was synthesized with varying incorporations of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the poly(ethylene oxide) block from 0 to 17 mol %. The pendant alkenes of the AGE repeat units were subsequently functionalized by thiol-ene chemistry with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, yielding fluorocarbon-functionalized AGE (fAGE) repeat units. (1)H NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography indicated well-defined structures with complete functionalization of the pendant alkenes. The surfaces of the polymer films were characterized after spray coating by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), showing that the P(EO-stat-fAGE) block starts to compete with polystyrene to populate the surface after only 1 mol % incorporation of fAGE. Increasing the incorporation of fAGE led to an increased amount of perfluorocarbons on the surface and a decrease in the concentration of PS. At a fAGE incorporation of 8 mol %, PS was not detected at the surface, as measured by NEXAFS spectroscopy. Water contact angles measured by the captive-air-bubble technique showed the underwater surfaces to be dynamic, with advancing and receding contact angles varying by >20°. Protein adsorption studies demonstrated that the fluorinated surfaces effectively prevent nonspecific binding of proteins relative to an unmodified PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer. In biological systems, settlement of spores of the green macroalga Ulva was significantly lower for the fAGE-incorporated polymers compared to the unmodified diblock and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer standard. Furthermore, the attachment strength of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva was also reduced for the fAGE-containing polymers, affirming their potential as fouling-release coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dimitriou
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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66
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Landoulsi J, Cooksey KE, Dupres V. Review--Interactions between diatoms and stainless steel: focus on biofouling and biocorrosion. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:1109-1124. [PMID: 22050233 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.629043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of information regarding bacterially enhanced corrosion, however, this review focuses on diatoms (unicellular algae) whose contribution to biocorrosion is less well studied. The reasons why diatoms have been neglected in studies of biocorrosion in natural waters are discussed and the question whether diatoms should be considered as inert with respect of electrochemical processes is considered. A particular focus is given to the case of stainless steels (SS), which are widely used in variety of applications in natural waters. Basic information on the cell biology of diatoms is included in the review, particularly with respect to their ability to 'sense' and adhere to surfaces. Investigations at the nanoscale are reviewed as these studies provide information about the behavior of cells at interfaces. Recent advances include the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), although only a few studies have been applied to diatoms. Regarding the electrochemical behavior of SS, the mechanisms by which diatoms influence the potential ennoblement process is discussed. Such studies reveal the association of diatoms, in addition to bacteria, with biocorrosion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Landoulsi
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, CNRS-UMR 7197, Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, Case 178, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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67
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Wang Y, Finlay JA, Betts DE, Merkel TJ, Luft JC, Callow ME, Callow JA, DeSimone JM. Amphiphilic co-networks with moisture-induced surface segregation for high-performance nonfouling coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10365-10369. [PMID: 21827199 DOI: 10.1021/la202427z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the design of a photocurable amphiphilic co-network consisting of perfluoropolyether and poly(ethylene glycol) segments that display outstanding nonfouling characteristics with respect to spores of green fouling alga Ulva when cured under high humidity conditions. The analysis of contact angle hysteresis revealed that the poly(ethylene glycol) density at the surface was enhanced when cured under high humidity. The nonfouling behavior of nonbiocidal surfaces against marine fouling is rare because such surfaces usually reduce the adhesion of organisms rather than inhibit colonization. We propose that the resultant surface segregation of these materials induced by high humidity may be a promising strategy for achieving nonfouling materials, and such an approach is more important than simply concentrating poly(ethylene glycol) moieties at an interface because the low surface energy has been maintained in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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68
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Dobretsov S, Thomason JC. The development of marine biofilms on two commercial non-biocidal coatings: a comparison between silicone and fluoropolymer technologies. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:869-880. [PMID: 21864210 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.607233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial performance of two fouling-release coating systems, Intersleek 700® (IS700; silicone technology), Intersleek 900® (IS900; fluoropolymer technology) and a tie coat (TC, control surface) was investigated in a short term (10 days) field experiment conducted at a depth of ca 0.5 m in the Marina Bandar Rawdha (Muscat, Oman). Microfouling on coated glass slides was analyzed using epifluorescence microscopy and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) luminometry. All the coatings developed biofilms composed of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, seven species of diatoms (2 species of Navicula, Cylindrotheca sp., Nitzschia sp., Amphora sp., Diploneis sp., and Bacillaria sp.) and algal spores (Ulva sp.). IS900 had significantly thinner biofilms with fewer diatom species, no algal spores and the least number of bacteria in comparison with IS700 and the TC. The ATP readings did not correspond to the numbers of bacteria and diatoms in the biofilms. The density of diatoms was negatively correlated with the density of the bacteria in biofilms on the IS900 coating, and, conversely, diatom density was positively correlated in biofilms on the TC. The higher antifouling efficacy of IS900 over IS700 may lead to lower roughness and thus lower fuel consumption for those vessels that utilise the IS900 fouling-release coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123, PO Box 34, Oman.
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69
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Wang Y, Pitet LM, Finlay JA, Brewer LH, Cone G, Betts DE, Callow ME, Callow JA, Wendt DE, Hillmyer MA, DeSimonea JM. Investigation of the role of hydrophilic chain length in amphiphilic perfluoropolyether/poly(ethylene glycol) networks: towards high-performance antifouling coatings. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:1139-1150. [PMID: 22087876 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.629344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The facile preparation of amphiphilic network coatings having a hydrophobic dimethacryloxy-functionalized perfluoropolyether (PFPE-DMA; M(w) = 1500 g mol(-1)) crosslinked with hydrophilic monomethacryloxy functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers (PEG-MA; M(w) = 300, 475, 1100 g mol(-1)), intended as non-toxic high-performance marine coatings exhibiting antifouling characteristics is demonstrated. The PFPE-DMA was found to be miscible with the PEG-MA. Photo-cured blends of these materials containing 10 wt% of PEG-MA oligomers did not swell significantly in water. PFPE-DMA crosslinked with the highest molecular weight PEG oligomer (ie PEG1100) deterred settlement (attachment) of algal cells and cypris larvae of barnacles compared to a PFPE control coating. Dynamic mechanical analysis of these networks revealed a flexible material. Preferential segregation of the PEG segments at the polymer/air interface resulted in enhanced antifouling performance. The cured amphiphilic PFPE/PEG films showed decreased advancing and receding contact angles with increasing PEG chain length. In particular, the PFPE/PEG1100 network had a much lower advancing contact angle than static contact angle, suggesting that the PEG1100 segments diffuse to the polymer/water interface quickly. The preferential interfacial aggregation of the larger PEG segments enables the coating surface to have a substantially enhanced resistance to settlement of spores of the green seaweed Ulva, cells of the diatom Navicula and cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite as well as low adhesion of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva, adhesion being lower than to a polydimethyl elastomer, Silastic T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27514, USA
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70
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Martinelli E, Galli G, Krishnan S, Paik MY, Ober CK, Fischer DA. New poly(dimethylsiloxane)/poly(perfluorooctylethyl acrylate) block copolymers: structure and order across multiple length scales in thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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