51
|
Provenza NR, Matteson ER, Allawala AB, Barrios-Anderson A, Sheth SA, Viswanathan A, McIngvale E, Storch EA, Frank MJ, McLaughlin NCR, Cohn JF, Goodman WK, Borton DA. The Case for Adaptive Neuromodulation to Treat Severe Intractable Mental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:152. [PMID: 30890909 PMCID: PMC6412779 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide, and available treatments have limited efficacy for severe cases unresponsive to conventional therapies. Neurosurgical interventions, such as lesioning procedures, have shown success in treating refractory cases of mental illness, but may have irreversible side effects. Neuromodulation therapies, specifically Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), may offer similar therapeutic benefits using a reversible (explantable) and adjustable platform. Early DBS trials have been promising, however, pivotal clinical trials have failed to date. These failures may be attributed to targeting, patient selection, or the “open-loop” nature of DBS, where stimulation parameters are chosen ad hoc during infrequent visits to the clinician’s office that take place weeks to months apart. Further, the tonic continuous stimulation fails to address the dynamic nature of mental illness; symptoms often fluctuate over minutes to days. Additionally, stimulation-based interventions can cause undesirable effects if applied when not needed. A responsive, adaptive DBS (aDBS) system may improve efficacy by titrating stimulation parameters in response to neural signatures (i.e., biomarkers) related to symptoms and side effects. Here, we present rationale for the development of a responsive DBS system for treatment of refractory mental illness, detail a strategic approach for identification of electrophysiological and behavioral biomarkers of mental illness, and discuss opportunities for future technological developments that may harness aDBS to deliver improved therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Provenza
- Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, United States.,Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Evan R Matteson
- Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anusha B Allawala
- Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Adriel Barrios-Anderson
- Psychiatric Neurosurgery Program at Butler Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashwin Viswanathan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth McIngvale
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nicole C R McLaughlin
- Psychiatric Neurosurgery Program at Butler Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Cohn
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David A Borton
- Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI, United States.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence Medical Center, Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Maeng LY, Murillo MF, Mu M, Lo MC, de la Rosa M, O'Brien JM, Freeman DK, Widge AS. Behavioral validation of a wireless low-power neurostimulation technology in a conditioned place preference task. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:026022. [PMID: 30620935 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aafc72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurostimulation technologies are important for studying neural circuits and the connections that underlie neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, current methods come with limitations such as the restraint on movement imposed by the wires delivering stimulation. The objective of this study was to assess whether the e-Particle (EP), a novel wireless neurostimulator, could sufficiently stimulate the brain to modify behavior without these limitations. APPROACH Rats were implanted with the EP and a commercially available stimulating electrode. Animals received rewarding brain stimulation, and performance in a conditioned place preference (CPP) task was measured. To ensure stimulation-induced neuronal activation, immediate early gene c-fos expression was also measured. MAIN RESULTS The EP was validated in a commonly used CPP task by demonstrating that (1) wireless stimulation via the EP induced preference behavior that was comparable to that induced by standard wired electrodes and (2) neuronal activation was observed in projection targets of the stimulation site. SIGNIFICANCE The EP may help achieve a better understanding of existing brain stimulation methods while overcoming their limitations. Validation of the EP in a behavioral model suggests that the benefits of this technology may extend to other areas of animal research and potentially to human clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tsui C, Koss K, Churchward MA, Todd KG. Biomaterials and glia: Progress on designs to modulate neuroinflammation. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:13-28. [PMID: 30414483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are multi-functional cells that play a vital role in establishing and maintaining the function of the nervous system and determining the fate of neurons following injury or neuropathology. The roles of microglia are diverse and essential to the capacity of the nervous system to recover from injury, however sustained inflammation can limit recovery and drive chronic disease processes such as neurodegenerative disorders. When assessing implantable therapeutic devices in the central nervous system, an improved lifetime of the implant is considered achievable through the attenuation of microglial inflammation. Consequently, there is a tremendous underexplored potential in biomaterial and engineered design to modulate neuroinflammation for therapeutic benefit. Several strategies for improving device compatibility reviewed here include: biocompatible coatings, improved designs in finer and flexible shapes to reduce tissue shear-related scarring, and loading of anti-inflammatory drugs. Studies about microglial cell cultures in 3D hydrogels and nanoscaffolds to assess various injuries and disorders are also discussed. A variety of other microglia-targeting treatments are also reviewed, including nanoparticulate systems, cellular backpacks, and gold plinths, with the intention of delivering anti-inflammatory drugs by targeting the phagocytic nature of microglia. Overall, this review highlights recent advances in biomaterials targeting microglia and inflammatory function with the potential for improving implant rejection and biocompatibility studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and thus play a central role in the neuroinflammatory response against conditions than span acute injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article presents a summary of biomaterials research that target microglia and other glial cells in order to attenuate neuroinflammation, including but not limited to: design of mechanically compliant and biocompatible stimulation electrodes, hydrogels for high-throughput 3D modelling of nervous tissue, and uptake of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. The goal of this paper is to identify strengths and gaps in the relevant literature, and to promote further consideration of microglia behaviour and neuroinflammation in biomaterial design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tsui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K Koss
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Yang Y, Connolly AT, Shanechi MM. A control-theoretic system identification framework and a real-time closed-loop clinical simulation testbed for electrical brain stimulation. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:066007. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad1a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
55
|
Bandt SK, de Rochefort L, Chen W, Dimov AV, Spincemaille P, Kopell BH, Gupta A, Wang Y. Clinical Integration of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Magnetic Resonance Imaging into Neurosurgical Practice. World Neurosurg 2018; 122:e10-e19. [PMID: 30201583 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel magnetic resonance imaging sequence, to the field of neurosurgery. METHODS QSM is introduced both in its historical context and by providing a brief overview of the physics behind the technique tailored to a neurosurgical audience. Its application to clinical neurosurgery is then highlighted using case examples. RESULTS QSM offers a quantitative assessment of susceptibility (previously considered as an artifact) via a single, straightforward gradient echo acquisition. QSM differs from standard susceptibility weighted imaging in its ability to both quantify and precisely localize susceptibility effects. Clinical applications of QSM are wide reaching and include precise localization of the deep nuclei for deep brain stimulation electrode placement, differentiation between blood products and calcification within brain lesions, and enhanced sensitivity of cerebral micrometastasis identification. CONCLUSIONS We present this diverse range of QSM's clinical applications to neurosurgical care via case examples. QSM can be obtained in all patients able to undergo magnetic resonance imaging and is easily integratable into busy neuroradiology programs because of its short acquisition time and straightforward, automated offline postprocessing workflow. Clinical integration of QSM may help clinicians better identify and characterize neurosurgical lesions, thereby improving patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kathleen Bandt
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexey V Dimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation has been used for decades in neurology to treat movement disorders. More recent work has focused on developing applications for deep brain stimulation in psychiatric illness. Initial studies have demonstrated positive results for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Initial open-label studies of deep brain stimulation at targets for treatment-resistant depression have been encouraging. However, the only 2 published controlled trials that were conducted for potential FDA approval for treatment-resistant depression were both negative. Future directions include potential use of alternate clinical trial designs, using tractography for more refined deep brain stimulation electrode targeting, and closed-loop deep brain stimulation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY2612, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Stahl D, Cabrera L, Gibb T. Should DBS for Psychiatric Disorders be Considered a Form of Psychosurgery? Ethical and Legal Considerations. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2018; 24:1119-1142. [PMID: 28653164 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical procedure involving the implantation of electrodes in the brain, has rekindled the medical community's interest in psychosurgery. Whereas many researchers argue DBS is substantially different from psychosurgery, we argue psychiatric DBS-though a much more precise and refined treatment than its predecessors-is nevertheless a form of psychosurgery, which raises both old and new ethical and legal concerns that have not been given proper attention. Learning from the ethical and regulatory failures of older forms of psychosurgery can help shed light on how to address the regulatory gaps that exist currently in DBS research. To show why it is important to address the current regulatory gaps within psychiatric DBS, we draw on the motivations underlying the regulation of earlier forms of psychosurgery in the US. We begin by providing a brief history of psychosurgery and electrical brain stimulation in the US. Against this backdrop, we introduce psychiatric DBS, exploring current research and ongoing clinical trials. We then draw out the ethical and regulatory similarities between earlier forms of psychosurgery and psychiatric DBS. As we will show, the factors that motivated strict regulation of earlier psychosurgical procedures mirror concerns with psychiatric DBS today. We offer three recommendations for psychiatric DBS regulation, which echo earlier motivations for regulating psychosurgery, along with new considerations that reflect the novel technologies used in DBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devan Stahl
- Michigan State Univeristy, College of Human Medicine, East Fee Hall, 965 Fee Rd, RmC213, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Laura Cabrera
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Fee Hall, 965 Fee Rd, RmC211, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tyler Gibb
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Lieberman
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute - both in New York
| | - Michael B First
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute - both in New York
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mandarelli G, Moretti G, Pasquini M, Nicolò G, Ferracuti S. Informed Consent Decision-Making in Deep Brain Stimulation. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E84. [PMID: 29751598 PMCID: PMC5977075 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proved useful for several movement disorders (Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia), in which first and/or second line pharmacological treatments were inefficacious. Initial evidence of DBS efficacy exists for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, and impulse control disorders. Ethical concerns have been raised about the use of an invasive surgical approach involving the central nervous system in patients with possible impairment in cognitive functioning and decision-making capacity. Most of the disorders in which DBS has been used might present with alterations in memory, attention, and executive functioning, which may have an impact on the mental capacity to give informed consent to neurosurgery. Depression, anxiety, and compulsivity are also common in DBS candidate disorders, and could also be associated with an impaired capacity to consent to treatment or clinical research. Despite these issues, there is limited empirical knowledge on the decision-making levels of these patients. The possible informed consent issues of DBS will be discussed by focusing on the specific treatable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mandarelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences (Former Department of Neurology and Psychiatry), "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Moretti
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 5, 00034 Colleferro, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences (Former Department of Neurology and Psychiatry), "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 5, 00034 Colleferro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neurosciences (Former Department of Neurology and Psychiatry), "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Acute Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis/Internal Capsule in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. World Neurosurg 2018; 111:e471-e477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
61
|
Reti IM. Editorial. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:51-53. [PMID: 28523975 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1311480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|