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Li Y, Ye J, Xu S, Wang J. Circulating noncoding RNAs: promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of NSCLC. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 37526759 PMCID: PMC10393935 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common malignant tumor in the world, lung cancer is a great threat to human health. In the past several decades, the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in lung cancer as a class of regulatory RNAs have been studied intensively. In particular, ncRNAs in body fluids have attracted increasing attention as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis and for the evaluation of lung cancer treatment due to their low invasiveness and accessibility. As emerging tumor biomarkers in lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs are easy to obtain, independent of tissue specimens, and can well reflect the occurrence and progression of tumors due to their correlation with some biological processes in tumors. Circulating ncRNAs have a very high potential to serve as biomarkers and hold promise for the development of ncRNA-based therapeutics. In the current study, there has been extensive evidence that circulating ncRNA has clinical significance and value as a biomarker. In this review, we summarize how ncRNAs are generated and enter the circulation, remaining stable for subsequent detection. The feasibility of circulating ncRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer is also summarized. In the current systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs can also predict drug resistance, adverse reactions, and other events in targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy and have promising potential to guide the systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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52
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Yi Q, Yue J, Liu Y, Shi H, Sun W, Feng J, Sun W. Recent advances of exosomal circRNAs in cancer and their potential clinical applications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:516. [PMID: 37525158 PMCID: PMC10388565 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that forms a covalently closed, uninterrupted loop. The expression of circRNA differs among cell types and tissues, and various circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Aberrantly expressed circRNAs contribute to disease progression by acting as microRNA sponges, functional protein sponges, or novel templates for protein translation. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are enriched in exosomes. Exosomes are spherical bilayer vesicles released by cells into extracellular spaces that mediate intercellular communication by delivering cargoes. These cargoes include metabolites, proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules. Exosome-mediated cell-cell or cell-microenvironment communications influence the progression of carcinogenesis by regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis as well as immune escape. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about exosomal circRNAs in cancers and discuss their specific functions in tumorigenesis. Additionally, we discuss the potential value of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and the potential applications of exosomal circRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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53
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Lin Z, Ji Y, Zhou J, Li G, Wu Y, Liu W, Li Z, Liu T. Exosomal circRNAs in cancer: Implications for therapy resistance and biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216245. [PMID: 37247772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in cancer treatment in recent years, the development of resistance to cancer therapy remains the biggest hurdle towards curative cancer treatments. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer therapy resistance is of paramount clinical importance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel members of the noncoding RNA family, are endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes characterized by a covalently closed loop structure with multiple biological functions. Significantly, circRNAs are abundant and stable in exosomes and can be packaged, secreted and transferred to targeted tumour cells, thereby modulating diverse hallmarks of cancer behaviours, such as proliferation, migration, and immune escape. Notably, a great number of exosomal circRNAs are abnormally expressed during cancer treatment and can mediate cancer therapy resistance through complex mechanisms; therefore, targeting exosomal circRNAs is a promising therapeutic method to reverse therapy resistance. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exosomal circRNAs controlling the resistance of cancer to common therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, and we also discussed the therapeutic potential of exosomal circRNAs as clinical biomarkers and novel targets in cancer clinical management. We also discussed the prospects and challenges of targeting exosomal circRNAs as a novel therapeutic strategy for reversing cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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54
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Diao MN, Zhang XJ, Zhang YF. The critical roles of m6A RNA methylation in lung cancer: from mechanism to prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:8-23. [PMID: 36997662 PMCID: PMC10307841 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a highly malignant disease, greatly affects patients' quality of life. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common posttranscriptional modifications of various RNAs, including mRNAs and ncRNAs. Emerging studies have demonstrated that m6A participates in normal physiological processes and that its dysregulation is involved in many diseases, especially pulmonary tumorigenesis and progression. Among these, regulators including m6A writers, readers and erasers mediate m6A modification of lung cancer-related molecular RNAs to regulate their expression. Furthermore, the imbalance of this regulatory effect adversely affects signalling pathways related to lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and other biological behaviours. Based on the close association between m6A and lung cancer, various prognostic risk models have been established and novel drugs have been developed. Overall, this review comprehensively elaborates the mechanism of m6A regulation in the development of lung cancer, suggesting its potential for clinical application in the therapy and prognostic assessment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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55
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Zhang F, Jiang J, Qian H, Yan Y, Xu W. Exosomal circRNA: emerging insights into cancer progression and clinical application potential. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 37365670 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal circRNA serves a novel genetic information molecule, facilitating communication between tumor cells and microenvironmental cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and other components, thereby regulating critical aspects of cancer progression including immune escape, tumor angiogenesis, metabolism, drug resistance, proliferation and metastasis. Interestingly, microenvironment cells have new findings in influencing tumor progression and immune escape mediated by the release of exosomal circRNA. Given the intrinsic stability, abundance, and broad distribution of exosomal circRNAs, they represent excellent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Moreover, artificially synthesized circRNAs may open up new possibilities for cancer therapy, potentially bolstered by nanoparticles or plant exosome delivery strategies. In this review, we summarize the functions and underlying mechanisms of tumor cell and non-tumor cell-derived exosomal circRNAs in cancer progression, with a special focus on their roles in tumor immunity and metabolism. Finally, we examine the potential application of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, highlighting their promise for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2 North Yongning Road, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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56
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Zhuang H, Yu B, Tao D, Xu X, Xu Y, Wang J, Jiao Y, Wang L. The role of m6A methylation in therapy resistance in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:91. [PMID: 37264402 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy resistance is the main cause of cancer treatment failure. The mechanism of therapy resistance is a hot topic in epigenetics. As one of the most common RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in various processes of RNA metabolism, such as stability, splicing, transcription, translation, and degradation. A large number of studies have shown that m6A RNA methylation regulates the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, but the role of m6A in cancer therapy resistance is unclear. In this review, we summarized the research progress related to the role of m6A in regulating therapy resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Jiangyin People's Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Jiangyin People's Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, 214400, China.
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China.
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57
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Yang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao X, Wen Z, He Z, Chen C, Xu L. MiRNA-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges? Biomolecules 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 37371458 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious health risk. Despite new advances in immune checkpoint and targeted therapies in recent years, the prognosis for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages, remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate tumor development at multiple levels, and as such, miRNA mimics and molecules aimed at regulating miRNAs have shown promise in preclinical development. More importantly, miRNA-based therapies can also complement conventional chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies to reverse drug resistance and increase the sensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and have shown favorable development prospects. Therefore, in this paper, we review recent advances in miRNA-based therapies in lung cancer treatment as well as adjuvant therapy and present the current state of clinical lung cancer treatment. We also discuss the challenges facing miRNA-based therapies in the clinical application of lung cancer treatment to provide new ideas for the development of novel lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Soochow University, Soochow 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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58
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Zhang Y, Qi W, Wu Y. EIF4A3-induced circular RNA SCAP facilitates tumorigenesis and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer via miR-7/SMAD2 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65237-65249. [PMID: 37079240 PMCID: PMC10182944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) family determines transcription efficiency by directly binding to precursor RNAs. One member, EIF4A3, modulates the expression of circRNAs. Circular RNA SCAP (circSCAP), a newly found circRNA, has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Yet, how circSCAP regulates cancer development and progression remains understudied. Here, we investigated the function of circSCAP and the molecular mechanism in the tumorigenesis and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CircSCAP was upregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines and was mainly located in the cytoplasm. CircSCAP expression was promoted by EIF4A3, which was associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. CircSCAP sponged miR-7 to upregulate small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (SMAD2). CircSCAP knockdown undermined cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in NSCLC cell lines (SPCA1 and A549), which was rescued by either inhibiting miR-7 or overexpressing SMAD2. Moreover, circSCAP knockdown upregulated E-cadherin, while downregulating N-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP9 in SPCA1 and A549 cells, which were abolished by either inhibiting miR-7 or overexpressing SMAD2. Additionally, miR-7 was markedly downregulated, whereas SMAD2 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues. MiR-7 expression was inversely correlated with circSCAP and SMAD2 expression in NSCLC tissues. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that circSCAP is significantly upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues and elucidates that circSCAP facilitates NSCLC progression by sponging miR-7 and upregulating SMAD2. The study provides a novel molecular target for early diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Precision Treatment for Lung Cancer, the First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglei Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Guo X, Gao C, Yang DH, Li S. Exosomal circular RNAs: A chief culprit in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100937. [PMID: 36753923 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for malignant tumors. However, the acquired drug resistance hinders clinical efficacy and leads to treatment failure in most patients. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm carrying and delivering substances such as DNAs, RNAs, lipids, and proteins for cellular communication in tumor development. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) present covalently closed-loop RNA structures, which regulate tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis by controlling different genes and signaling pathways. CircRNAs are abundant and stably expressed in exosomes. Recent studies have shown that they play critical roles in chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. In this review, we summarized the origin of exosomes and discussed the regulation mechanism of exosomal circRNAs in cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110042, China
| | - Congying Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang Liaoning Province 110042, China.
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60
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Zhou X, Li C, Chen T, Li W, Wang X, Yang Q. Targeting RNA N6-methyladenosine to synergize with immune checkpoint therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 36810108 PMCID: PMC9942356 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint therapy, has revolutionized therapeutic options by reactivating the host immune system. However, the efficacy varies, and only a small portion of patients develop sustained antitumor responses. Hence, illustrating novel strategies that improve the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint therapy is urgently needed. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been proved to be an efficient and dynamic posttranscriptional modification process. It is involved in numerous RNA processing, such as splicing, trafficking, translation and degradation. Compelling evidence emphasizes the paramount role of m6A modification in the regulation of immune response. These findings may provide a foundation for the rational combination of targeting m6A modification and immune checkpoints in cancer treatment. In the present review, we summarize the current landscape of m6A modification in RNA biology, and highlight the latest findings on the complex mechanisms by which m6A modification governs immune checkpoint molecules. Furthermore, given the critical role of m6A modification in antitumor immunity, we discuss the clinical significance of targeting m6A modification to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China ,grid.476866.dDepartment of Breast Surgery, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Xi Road No. 107, Shandong, Jinan, China. .,Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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61
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Phenotypic Plasticity of Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021229. [PMID: 36674745 PMCID: PMC9864182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of male cancer deaths in the western world. Obesity significantly increases the risk of metastatic disease and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Systemic chronic inflammation can result from a variety of conditions, including obesity, where adipose tissue inflammation is a major contributor. Adipose tissue endothelial cells (EC) exposed to inflammation become dysfunctional and produce a secretome, including extracellular vesicles (EV), that can impact function of cells in distant tissues, including malignant cells. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of EVs produced by obese adipose tissue and the ECs exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines on prostate cancer phenotypic plasticity in vitro. We demonstrate that PC3ML metastatic prostate cancer cells exposed to EVs from adipose tissue ECs and to EVs from human adipose tissue total explants display reduced invasion and increased proliferation. The latter functional changes could be attributed to the EV miRNA cargo. We also show that the functional shift is TWIST1-dependent and is consistent with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which is key to establishment of secondary tumor growth. Understanding the complex effects of EVs on prostate cancer cells of different phenotypes is key before their intended use as therapeutics.
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62
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Mei Z, Mou Y, Zhang N, Liu X, He Z, Gu S. Emerging Mutual Regulatory Roles between m 6A Modification and microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010773. [PMID: 36614216 PMCID: PMC9821650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-metyladenosine (m6A), one of the most common RNA methylation modifications in mammals, has attracted extensive attentions owing to its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. As a reversible epigenetic modification on RNAs, m6A is dynamically mediated by the functional interplay among the regulatory proteins of methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that m6A modification is associated with the production and function of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we summarize the specific kinds of m6A modification methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In particular, we focus on describing the roles of m6A modification and its regulatory proteins in the production and function of miRNAs in a variety of pathological and physiological processes. More importantly, we further discuss the mediating mechanisms of miRNAs in m6A modification and its regulatory proteins during the occurrence and development of various diseases.
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Kang F, Yan Y, Liu Y, Liang Q, Xu Z, Zhu W, Thakur A. Unraveling the significance of exosomal circRNAs in cancer therapeutic resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1093175. [PMID: 36874026 PMCID: PMC9974836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1093175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of cells, affecting the physiological and pathological homeostasis. They carry various cargoes including proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA and have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication. During cell-cell communication, they can internalize either by autologous or heterologous recipient cells, which activate different signaling pathways, facilitating malignant progression of cancer. Among different types of cargoes in exosomes, the endogenous non-coding RNAs, such as circular RNAs (or circRNAs), have gained tremendous attention for their high stability and concentration, playing promising functional roles in cancer chemotherapeutic response by regulating the targeted gene expression. In this review, we primarily described the emerging evidence demonstrating the important roles of circular RNAs derived from exosomes in the regulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways that were involved in cancer research and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the relevant profiles of exosomal circRNAs and their biological implications have been discussed, which is under investigation for their potential effect on the control of cancer therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Yang J, Liu M, Fang X, Zhang H, Ren Q, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Advances in peptides encoded by non-coding RNAs: A cargo in exosome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1081997. [PMID: 36620552 PMCID: PMC9822543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of malignant tumors determines patient prognosis. This is the main reason for the poor prognosis of patients with cancer and the most challenging aspect of treating malignant tumors. Therefore, it is important to identify early tumor markers and molecules that can predict patient prognosis. However, there are currently no molecular markers with good clinical accuracy and specificity. Many non-coding RNA (ncRNAs)have been identified, which can regulate the process of tumor development at multiple levels. Interestingly, some ncRNAs are translated to produce functional peptides. Exosomes act as signal carriers, are encapsulated in nucleic acids and proteins, and play a messenger role in cell-to-cell communication. Recent studies have identified exosome peptides with potential diagnostic roles. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for ncRNA-encoded peptides or proteins transported by exosomes and ultimately to provide ideas for further development of new diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xidong Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongning Zhou, ; Yuping Wang,
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongning Zhou, ; Yuping Wang,
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Liu Z, Zou H, Dang Q, Xu H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Lv J, Li H, Zhou Z, Han X. Biological and pharmacological roles of m 6A modifications in cancer drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:220. [PMID: 36517820 PMCID: PMC9749187 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m6A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m6A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m6A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m6A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haijiao Zou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Qin Dang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Hui Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Long Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Huanyun Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xinwei Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Hama Faraj GS, Rasul MF, Salihi A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Mokhtari M. Exosomal circular RNA: a signature for lung cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:378. [PMID: 36457039 PMCID: PMC9714134 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles having a diameter of 30-150 nm are known as exosomes. Several cancer types secrete exosomes, which may contain proteins, circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs, or DNA. CircRNAs are endogenous RNAs that do not code for proteins and can create continuous and covalently closed loops. In cancer pathogenesis, especially metastasis, exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) have a crucial role mainly due to the frequently aberrant expression levels within tumors. However, neither the activities nor the regulatory mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in advancing lung cancer (LC) are obvious. A better understanding of the regulation and network connections of exo-circRNAs will lead to better treatment for LCs. The main objective of the current review is to highlight the functions and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in LC and assess the relationships between exo-circRNA dysregulation and LC progression. In addition, underline the possible therapeutic targets based on exo-circRNA modulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wei L, Zhao D. M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-145-5p protects against the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TLR4 expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1376. [PMID: 36660616 PMCID: PMC9843320 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Exosomes carrying micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) protect against myocardial ischemic injury. In the study, we sought to investigate the protective effect mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes. Methods M2 macrophages were isolated and induced from blood donated by healthy donors. M2 macrophages were transfected with or without miR-145-5p. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were isolated and identified by flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AC16 cells were used to establish an H/R model, and cell activity was detected using a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8). Western blot was used to detect the expression of gasdermin D (GSDMD), nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 in the H/R-induced AC16 cells to evaluate pyroptosis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the positive rates of PKH26 and caspase-1. Combined with database prediction, dual luciferase reporter assays were used to validate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a downstream target molecule of miR-145-5p. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blot were used to detect the expression of TLR4 in the AC16 cells. Results Flow cytometry, western blot, nanoparticle tracking and TEM results confirmed the successful isolation of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes. CCK-8 results showed M2 macrophage-derived exosomes decreased the viability of the H/R-induced cells. Western blot results showed the expressions of GSDMD, caspase-1, and NLRP3 were significantly downregulated in the H/R group. Moreover, CCK-8 results showed the M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p significantly ameliorated H/R-induced AC16 cellular activity. Western blot results confirmed the expressions of GSDMD, NLRP3, and caspase-1 were significantly downregulated in the macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p group compared to the M2 macrophage-derived exosome NC (normal control) group. Immunofluorescence staining results displayed the same trend in terms of the caspase-1 positivity rate. Further, we demonstrated overexpression of TLR4 partially reversed the protective effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in the H/R-induced AC16 cells. Additionally, overexpression of TLR4 reversed the protein expression associated with pyroptosis in M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in the H/R-induced AC16 cells. Conclusions Our study indicated M2 macrophage-derived exosomes carrying miR-145-5p inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by downregulating the expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
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Mirzaei S, Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirmazloomi SR, Hassanpoor A, Aboutalebi M, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Kakavand A, Heidari H, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. SOX2 function in cancers: Association with growth, invasion, stemness and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yan T, Tian X, Liu F, Liu Q, Sheng Q, Wu J, Jiang S. The emerging role of circular RNAs in drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1003230. [PMID: 36303840 PMCID: PMC9592927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the characteristics of aggressiveness and high risk of postoperative recurrence, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious hazard to human health, accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Drug therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are effective treatments for NSCLC in clinics. However, most patients ultimately develop drug resistance, which is also the leading cause of treatment failure in cancer. To date, the mechanisms of drug resistance have yet to be fully elucidated, thus original strategies are developed to overcome this issue. Emerging studies have illustrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the generation of therapeutic resistance in NSCLC. CircRNAs mediate the modulations of immune cells, cytokines, autophagy, ferroptosis and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which play essential roles in the generation of drug resistance of NSCLC. More importantly, circRNAs function as miRNAs sponges to affect specific signaling pathways, directly leading to the generation of drug resistance. Consequently, this review highlights the mechanisms underlying the relationship between circRNAs and drug resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, several therapeutic drugs associated with circRNAs are summarized, aiming to provide references for circRNAs serving as potential therapeutic targets in overcoming drug resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlin Wu, ; Shulong Jiang,
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlin Wu, ; Shulong Jiang,
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Overexpression of hsa_circ_0061817 Can Inhibit the Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells Based on Active Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4509019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and its effect on cell proliferation and invasion and the possible mechanism of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. The overexpression plasmids of hsa_circ_0061817 (OE-hsacirc_0061817) were transfected into human lung A549 cells and mouse LLC-LUC cells, respectively. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell clone formation assay and EdU assay. Transwell test was used to detect the ability of cell invasion, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. WB was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related proteins and also target proteins for observation the effect of OE-hsa_circ_0061817 on the growth of A549 cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics method was used to predict the binding microRNA (miRNA) of hsa_circ_0061817 and construct the regulatory network of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and functional analysis of miRNA target genes. Results. Compared with PLO-ciR group, the cell viability, proliferation, and invasive ability of A549 and LLC-LUC were significantly reduced in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group, while the apoptosis increased in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group compared to PLO-ciR group. WB results showed that the expression of caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 9, and E-cadherin increased significantly, while the expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin decreased severely. Most importantly, OE-hsa_circ_00061817 inhibited the growth of A549 tumor-bearing nude mice. According to TargetScan and mirBase databases, hsa_circ_0061817 may competitively bind hsa_mir-181b-3p, hsa-mir-337-3p, hsa-mir-421, and hsa-mir-548d-3p. The results of functional enrichment showed that miRNA target genes were involved in many cancer-related biological processes, including negative regulation of apoptosis, gene expression, transcriptional imbalance in cancer, transforming growth factor-β, and P53 signal pathway. Conclusions. Over expression of hsa_circ_0061817 inhibits the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and LLC-LUC cells and may reduce the invasive ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells by weakening the process of EMT, which provides a new target for the prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Yang S, Yao L, Wang X, Sun H, Du C, Song C, Fu J, Wu Y, Huang H, Wang C, Wang Y, Xie Y. Exosomes Derived from SW480-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells Are Promote Angiogenesis via BMP-2/Smad5 Signaling Pathway. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6124374. [PMID: 35634178 PMCID: PMC9135529 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance is the main cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the mechanism and treatment of drug resistance of tumor cells. We aim to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and angiogenesis in SW480 colon cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods Exosomes were extracted from SW480-sensitive or SW480-resistant colon cancer cells (SW480/oxaliplatin). The CCK-8 assay, migration assay, tube formation assay, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The underlying mechanisms were detected by Western blotting assays and BMP-2 si-RNA silencing assay in vitro and in vivo. Results The conditioned medium and exosomes of SW480/oxaliplatin cells promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs. The expression of BMP-2 released by SW480/oxaliplatin exosomes was 2.3-folds higher than that by SW480 exosomes. Additionally, exosomal BMP-2 inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31. Silencing of BMP-2 partly blocks the promoting effect of SW480/oxaliplatin exosomes on angiogenesis. Moreover, SW480/oxaliplatin cells increased the BMP-2 expression, consequently promoting angiogenesis in vivo. Conclusions SW480-resistant colon cancer exosomes promoted angiogenesis via the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway, which is potential for the novel treatment for antiangiogenic therapies in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Chaogang Du
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Chengpeng Song
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Jingyu Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Hongwu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Chuansi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Yongsen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Yixiang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui 237005, China
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