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Skardžiūtė K, Kvederavičiūtė K, Pečiulienė I, Narmontė M, Gibas P, Ličytė J, Klimašauskas S, Kriukienė E. One-pot trimodal mapping of unmethylated, hydroxymethylated, and open chromatin sites unveils distinctive 5hmC roles at dynamic chromatin loci. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:607-621.e9. [PMID: 38154461 PMCID: PMC10962225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a method, named Mx-TOP, for profiling of three epigenetic regulatory layers-chromatin accessibility, general DNA modification, and DNA hydroxymethylation-from a single library. The approach is based on chemo-enzymatic covalent tagging of unmodified CG sites and hydroxymethylated cytosine (5hmC) along with GC sites in chromatin, which are then mapped using tag-selective base-resolution TOP-seq sequencing. Our in-depth validation of the approach revealed its sensitivity and informativity in evaluating chromatin accessibility and DNA modification interactions that drive transcriptional regulation. We employed the technology in a study of chromatin and DNA demethylation dynamics during in vitro neuronal differentiation. The study highlighted the involvement of gene body 5hmC in modulating an extensive decoupling between promoter accessibility and transcription. The importance of 5hmC in chromatin remodeling was further demonstrated by the observed resistance of the developmentally acquired open loci to the global 5hmC erasure in neuronal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Skardžiūtė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Kvederavičiūtė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Pečiulienė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Narmontė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Gibas
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Ličytė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Klimašauskas
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kriukienė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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da Silva Santos ME, de Carvalho Abreu AK, Martins da Silva FW, Barros Ferreira E, Diniz Dos Reis PE, do Amaral Rabello Ramos D. KMT2 (MLL) family of methyltransferases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Head Neck 2024; 46:417-434. [PMID: 38102754 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of the KMT2 methyltransferase family in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains elusive. METHOD This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, employing a search strategy in the LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS A total of 33 studies involving 4294 individuals with HNSCC were included in this review. The most important alteration was the high mutational frequency in the KMT2C and KMT2D genes, with reported co-occurrence. The expression of the KMT2D gene exhibited considerable heterogeneity across the studies, while limited data was available for the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS KMT2C and KMT2D genes seem to have tumor suppressor activities, with involvement of cell cycle inhibitors, regulating different pathways that can lead to tumor progression, disease aggressiveness, and DNA damage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine Barros Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research on Clinical Practice in Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula Elaine Diniz Dos Reis
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research on Clinical Practice in Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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He M, Cao L, Liu L, Jin X, Zheng B, Liu X, Zhuang J, Zhang F, Yang Z, Ji Y, Xu T, Huang S, Chen J, Xie L, Li K, Hou P, Pan J, Guo D, Li C. Reconstitution of RNA cap methylation reveals different features of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV methyltransferases. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29411. [PMID: 38285434 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cap RNA methylations play important roles in the replication, evasion of host RNA sensor recognition, and pathogenesis. Coronaviruses possess both guanine N7- and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferases (N7-MTase and 2'-O-MTase) encoded by nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16/10 complex, respectively. In this study, we reconstituted the two-step RNA methylations of N7-MTase and 2'-O-MTase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and demonstrated its common and different features in comparison with that of SARS-CoV. We revealed that the nsp16/10 2'-O-MTase of SARS-CoV-2 has a broader substrate selectivity than the counterpart of SARS-CoV and can accommodate both unmethylated and uncapped RNA substrates in a sequence-independent manner. Most intriguingly, the substrate selectivity of nsp16/10 complex is not determined by the apoenzyme of nsp16 MTase but by its cofactor nsp10. These results provide insight into the unique features of SARS-CoV-2 MTases and may help develop strategies to precisely intervene in the methylation pathway and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Birong Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fushi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixiao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxi Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiefeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyang Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Witzenberger M, Janowski R, Niessing D. Crystal structure of the RNA-recognition motif of Drosophila melanogaster tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase homolog A. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2024; 80:36-42. [PMID: 38270511 PMCID: PMC10836426 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x24000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) is the dedicated enzyme for the methylation of uridine 54 in transfer RNA (tRNA). Human TRMT2A has also been described as a modifier of polyglutamine (polyQ)-derived neuronal toxicity. The corresponding human polyQ pathologies include Huntington's disease and constitute a family of devastating neurodegenerative diseases. A polyQ tract in the corresponding disease-linked protein causes neuronal death and symptoms such as impaired motor function, as well as cognitive impairment. In polyQ disease models, silencing of TRMT2A reduced polyQ-associated cell death and polyQ protein aggregation, suggesting this protein as a valid drug target against this class of disorders. In this paper, the 1.6 Å resolution crystal structure of the RNA-recognition motif (RRM) from Drosophila melanogaster, which is a homolog of human TRMT2A, is described and analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witzenberger
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
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Tofaute M, Weller B, Graß C, Halder H, Dohai B, Falter-Braun P, Krappmann D. SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 MTase activity is critical for inducing canonical NF-κB activation. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231418. [PMID: 38131452 PMCID: PMC10776897 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with severe forms of COVID-19 often suffer from a dysregulated immune response and hyperinflammation. Aberrant expression of cytokines and chemokines is associated with strong activation of the immunoregulatory transcription factor NF-κB, which can be directly induced by the SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP14. Here, we use NSP14 mutants and generated cells with host factor knockouts (KOs) in the NF-κB signaling pathways to characterize the molecular mechanism of NSP14-induced NF-κB activation. We demonstrate that full-length NSP14 requires methyltransferase (MTase) activity to drive NF-κB induction. NSP14 WT, but not an MTase-defective mutant, is poorly expressed and inherent post-translational instability is mediated by proteasomal degradation. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 NSP10 or addition of the co-factor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) stabilizes NSP14 and augments its potential to activate NF-κB. Using CRISPR/Cas9-engineered KO cells, we demonstrate that NSP14 stimulation of canonical NF-κB activation relies on NF-κB factor p65/RELA downstream of the NEMO/IKK complex, while c-Rel or non-canonical RelB are not required to induce NF-κB transcriptional activity. However, NSP14 overexpression is unable to induce canonical IκB kinase β (IKKβ)/NF-κB signaling and in co-immunoprecipitation assays we do not detect stable associations between NSP14 and NEMO or p65, suggesting that NSP14 activates NF-κB indirectly through its methyltransferase activity. Taken together, our data provide a framework how NSP14 can augment basal NF-κB activation, which may enhance cytokine expression in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J. Tofaute
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Group Signaling and Immunity, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weller
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Group Signaling and Immunity, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hridi Halder
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bushra Dohai
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Group Signaling and Immunity, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Kolanu ND. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing: Curing Genetic Diseases by Inherited Epigenetic Modifications. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:113-122. [PMID: 38560484 PMCID: PMC10980556 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, leveraging bacterial defense mechanisms, offers precise DNA modifications, holding promise in curing genetic diseases. This review critically assesses its potential, analyzing evidence on therapeutic applications, challenges, and future prospects. Examining diverse genetic disorders, it evaluates efficacy, safety, and limitations, emphasizing the need for a thorough understanding among medical professionals and researchers. Acknowledging its transformative impact, a systematic review is crucial for informed decision-making, responsible utilization, and guiding future research to unlock CRISPR-Cas9's full potential in realizing the cure for genetic diseases. Methods A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science identified studies applying CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for genetic diseases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria covered in vitro and in vivo models targeting various genetic diseases with reported outcomes on disease modification or potential cure. Quality assessment revealed a generally moderate to high risk of bias. Heterogeneity prevented quantitative meta-analysis, prompting a narrative synthesis of findings. Discussion CRISPR-Cas9 enables precise gene editing, correcting disease-causing mutations and offering hope for previously incurable genetic conditions. Leveraging inherited epigenetic modifications, it not only fixes mutations but also restores normal gene function and controls gene expression. The transformative potential of CRISPR-Cas9 holds promise for personalized treatments, improving therapeutic outcomes, but ethical considerations and safety concerns must be rigorously addressed to ensure responsible and safe application, especially in germline editing with potential long-term implications.
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Gupta A, Nair S. Epigenetic Diversity Underlying Seasonal and Annual Variations in Brown Planthopper (BPH) Populations as Revealed by Methylation- sensitive Restriction Assay. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:354-367. [PMID: 38327650 PMCID: PMC10845068 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029276542231205065843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The brown planthopper (BPH) is a monophagous sap-sucking insect pest of rice that is responsible for massive yield loss. BPH populations, even when genetically homogenous, can display a vast range of phenotypes, and the development of effective pest-management strategies requires a good understanding of what generates this phenotypic variation. One potential source could be epigenetic differences. Methods With this premise, we explored epigenetic diversity, structure and differentiation in field populations of BPH collected across the rice-growing seasons over a period of two consecutive years. Using a modified methylation-sensitive restriction assay (MSRA) and CpG island amplification-representational difference analysis, site-specific cytosine methylation of five stress-responsive genes (CYP6AY1, CYP6ER1, Carboxylesterase, Endoglucanase, Tf2-transposon) was estimated, for identifying methylation-based epiallelic markers and epigenetic variation across BPH populations. Results Using a cost-effective and rapid protocol, our study, for the first time, revealed the epigenetic component of phenotypic variations in the wild populations of BPH. Besides, results showed that morphologically indistinguishable populations of BPH can be epigenetically distinct. Conclusion Screening field-collected BPH populations revealed the presence of previously unreported epigenetic polymorphisms and provided a platform for future studies aimed at investigating their significance for BPH. Furthermore, these findings can form the basis for understanding the contribution(s) of DNA methylation in providing phenotypic plasticity to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Gupta
- Plant-Insect Interaction Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Current Address: Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH 93BF, UK
| | - Suresh Nair
- Plant-Insect Interaction Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Ditzel A, Zhao F, Gao X, Phillips GN. Utilizing a cell-free protein synthesis platform for the biosynthesis of a natural product, caffeine. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2023; 8:ysad017. [PMID: 38149044 PMCID: PMC10750991 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a valuable source of pharmaceuticals, providing a majority of the small-molecule drugs in use today. However, their production through organic synthesis or in heterologous hosts can be difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, to allow for easier screening and production of natural products, we demonstrated the use of a cell-free protein synthesis system to partially assemble natural products in vitro using S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase enzyme reactions. The tea caffeine synthase, TCS1, was utilized to synthesize caffeine within a cell-free protein synthesis system. Cell-free systems also provide the benefit of allowing the use of substrates that would normally be toxic in a cellular environment to synthesize novel products. However, TCS1 is unable to utilize a compound like S-adenosyl ethionine as a cofactor to create ethylated caffeine analogs. The automation and reduced metabolic engineering requirements of cell-free protein synthesis systems, in combination with other synthesis methods, may enable the more efficient generation of new compounds. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanglong Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Liu Z, Ma K, Zhang X, Song X, Qin Y. Different Putative Methyltransferases Have Different Effects on the Expression Patterns of Cellulolytic Genes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1118. [PMID: 37998923 PMCID: PMC10671955 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Putative methyltranferase LaeA and LaeA-like proteins, conserved in many filamentous fungi, regulate fungal growth, development, virulence, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and the production of cellulolytic enzymes. Penicillium oxaliucm is a typical fungus that produces cellulolytic enzymes. In this study, we reported the biological function of eight putative methyltransferases (PoMtr23C/D/E/F/G/H and PoMtr25A/B) containing a methyltransf_23 or methyltransf_25 domain, with a focus on their roles in the production of cellulolytic enzymes. In P. oxalicum, various methyltransferase genes displayed different transcriptional levels. The genes Pomtr23C and Pomtr25A exhibited high transcriptional levels, while Pomtr23D/E/F/G/H and Pomtr25B were transcribed constantly at low levels. The gene deletion mutants (Δmtr23C/D/E/F/G/H and Δmtr25A/B) were constructed. Various mutants have different patterns in cellulolytic enzyme production. Compared to the WT, the largest increase in filter paper activity (FPA, indicating total cellulase activity) was observed in the Δmtr23G mutant, the only mutant with a cellulolytic halo surrounding the colony. Three mutants (Δmtr23C/D and Δmtr25A) also showed increased cellulolytic enzyme production. The Δmtr23E and Δmtr25B mutants displayed decreased FPA activity, while the Δmtr23F and Δmtr23H mutants displayed similar patterns of cellulolytic enzyme production compared with the WT. The assay of transcriptional levels of cellobiohydrolase gene Pocbh1 and β-1,4-endoglucanase Poeg1 supported that higher cellulolytic gene transcription resulted in higher production of cellulolytic enzymes, and vice versa. The transcriptional levels of two transcription factors, activator XlnR and repressor CreA, were measured. The high transcription level of the PoxlnR gene in the Δmtr23D mutant should be one reason for the increased transcription of its cellulolytic enzyme gene. Both XlnR and CreA transcriptional levels increased in the Δmtr23G mutant, but the former showed a more significant increase than the latter, indicating that the activation effect predominated. The PoMtr25A is localized in the nucleus. The catalytic subunit SNF2 of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex was found as one of the interacting proteins of PoMtr25A via tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry. PoMtr25A may affect not only the transcription of repressor CreA but also by recruiting SWI/SNF complexes that affect chromatin structure, thereby regulating the transcription of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjiao Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.L.); (K.M.); (X.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Kexuan Ma
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.L.); (K.M.); (X.Z.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.L.); (K.M.); (X.Z.); (X.S.)
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250024, China
| | - Xin Song
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.L.); (K.M.); (X.Z.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.L.); (K.M.); (X.Z.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Gade M, Gardner JM, Jain P, Laurino P. Nucleoside-Driven Specificity of DNA Methyltransferase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300094. [PMID: 37548117 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the adenosine binding specificities of two bacterial DNA methyltransferases, Taq methyltransferase (M.TaqI), and HhaI methyltransferase (M.HhaI). While they have similar cofactor binding pocket interactions, experimental data showed different specificity for novel S-nucleobase-l-methionine cofactors (SNMs; N=guanosyl, cytidyl, uridyl). Protein dynamics corroborate the experimental data on the cofactor specificities. For M.TaqI the specificity for S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is governed by the tight binding on the nucleoside part of the cofactor, while for M.HhaI the degree of freedom of the nucleoside chain allows the acceptance of other bases. The experimental data prove catalytically productive methylation by the M.HhaI binding pocket for all the SNMs. Our results suggest a new route for successful design of unnatural SNM analogues for methyltransferases as a tool for cofactor engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gade
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jasmine M Gardner
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prashant Jain
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Paola Laurino
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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11
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Zhao W, Liu M, Liu K, Liu H, Liu X, Liu J. An Enzymatic Strategy for the Selective Methylation of High-Value-Added Tetrahydroprotoberberine Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15214. [PMID: 37894895 PMCID: PMC10607743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs) are plant-specific alkaloids with significant medicinal value. They are present in trace amounts in plants and are difficult to chemically synthesize due to stereoselectivity and an unfavorable environment. In this study, a selective methylation strategy was developed for the biocatalysis of seven high-value-added THPB compounds using 4'-O-methyltransferase (Cj4'OMT), norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase (Cj6OMT), and (S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase (SiSOMT and PsSOMT) in engineered E. coli. The methyltransferases Cj4'OMT, Cj6OMT, PsSOMT, and SiSOMT were expressed heterologously in E. coli. Compound 1 (10-methoxy-2,3,9-tetrahydroxyberbine) was synthesized using the recombinant E. coli strain Cj4'OMT and the substrate 2,3,9,10-tetrahydroxyberbine. Compound 2 (9-methoxy-2,3,10-tetrahydroxyberbine) was produced in the recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain PsSOMT, and compounds 2 and 3 (discretamine) were produced in the recombinant E. coli strain SiSOMT. Compounds 4 (9,10-methoxy-2,3-tetrahydroxyberbine) and 5 (corypalmine) were obtained by co-culturing the recombinant strains Cj4'OMT and SiSOMT with substrate. Compounds 6 (scoulerine) and 7 (isoscoulerine) were produced by co-culturing the substrate with the recombinant strains Cj4'OMT and Cj6OMT. To increase the yield of novel compound 2, the flask culture conditions of the engineered SiSOMT strain were optimized, resulting in the production of 165.74 mg/L of this compound. This study thus presents an enzymatic approach to the synthesis of high-value-added THPBs with minimum environmental wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Manyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kemeng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiufeng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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12
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Mashkovskaia AV, Mariasina SS, Serebryakova MV, Rubtsova MP, Dontsova OA, Sergiev PV. Testing a Hypothesis of 12S rRNA Methylation by Putative METTL17 Methyltransferase. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:75-82. [PMID: 38234605 PMCID: PMC10790355 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.25441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosome assembly is a complex multi-step process involving many additional factors. Ribosome formation differs in various groups of organisms. However, there are universal steps of assembly and conservative factors that have been retained in evolutionarily distant taxa. METTL17, the object of the current study, is one of these conservative factors involved in mitochondrial ribosome assembly. It is present in both bacteria and the mitochondria of eukaryotes, in particular mice and humans. In this study, we tested a hypothesis of putative METTL17 methyltransferase activity. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the methylation of a putative METTL17 target - a 12S rRNA region interacting with METTL17 during mitochondrial ribosome assembly. The investigation of METTL17 and other mitochondrial ribosome assembly factors is of both fundamental and practical significance, because defects in mitochondrial ribosome assembly are often associated with human mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Mashkovskaia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
| | - S. S. Mariasina
- Institute of functional genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- RUDN University, Moscow, 117198 Russian Federation
| | - M. V. Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Rederation
| | - M. P. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
| | - O. A. Dontsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Rederation
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation
| | - P. V. Sergiev
- Institute of functional genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Rederation
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
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13
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Khalil MI, Ismail HM, Panasyuk G, Bdzhola A, Filonenko V, Gout I, Pardo OE. Asymmetric Dimethylation of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Regulates Its Cellular Localisation and Pro-Survival Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108806. [PMID: 37240151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal S6 kinases (S6Ks) are critical regulators of cell growth, homeostasis, and survival, with dysregulation of these kinases found to be associated with various malignancies. While S6K1 has been extensively studied, S6K2 has been neglected despite its clear involvement in cancer progression. Protein arginine methylation is a widespread post-translational modification regulating many biological processes in mammalian cells. Here, we report that p54-S6K2 is asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-475 and Arg-477, two residues conserved amongst mammalian S6K2s and several AT-hook-containing proteins. We demonstrate that this methylation event results from the association of S6K2 with the methyltransferases PRMT1, PRMT3, and PRMT6 in vitro and in vivo and leads to nuclear the localisation of S6K2 that is essential to the pro-survival effects of this kinase to starvation-induced cell death. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel post-translational modification regulating the function of p54-S6K2 that may be particularly relevant to cancer progression where general Arg-methylation is often elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Khalil
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Heba M Ismail
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna Bdzhola
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olivier E Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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14
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Hanquier JN, Sanders K, Berryhill CA, Sahoo FK, Hudmon A, Vilseck JZ, Cornett EM. Identification of non-histone substrates of the lysine methyltransferase PRDM9. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104651. [PMID: 36972790 PMCID: PMC10164904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a dynamic, post-translational mark that regulates the function of histone and non-histone proteins. Many of the enzymes that mediate lysine methylation, known as lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), were originally identified to modify histone proteins but have also been discovered to methylate non-histone proteins. In this work, we investigate the substrate selectivity of the lysine methyltransferase PRDM9 to identify both potential histone and non-histone substrates. Though normally expressed in germ cells, PRDM9 is significantly upregulated across many cancer types. The methyltransferase activity of PRDM9 is essential for double-strand break formation during meiotic recombination. PRDM9 has been reported to methylate histone H3 at lysine residues 4 and 36; however, PRDM9 KMT activity had not previously been evaluated on non-histone proteins. Using lysine-oriented peptide (K-OPL) libraries to screen potential substrates of PRDM9, we determined that PRDM9 preferentially methylates peptide sequences not found in any histone protein. We confirmed PRDM9 selectivity through in vitro KMT reactions using peptides with substitutions at critical positions. A multisite λ-dynamics computational analysis provided a structural rationale for the observed PRDM9 selectivity. The substrate selectivity profile was then used to identify putative non-histone substrates, which were tested by peptide spot array, and a subset were further validated at the protein level by in vitro KMT assays on recombinant proteins. Finally, one of the non-histone substrates, CTNNBL1, was found to be methylated by PRDM9 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne N Hanquier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A
| | - Kenidi Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A
| | - Christine A Berryhill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A
| | - Firoj K Sahoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Jonah Z Vilseck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A
| | - Evan M Cornett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A.
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15
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Ozair A, Bhat V, Alisch RS, Khosla AA, Kotecha RR, Odia Y, McDermott MW, Ahluwalia MS. DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Low-Grade Gliomas: Current Understanding and Potential Clinical Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041342. [PMID: 36831683 PMCID: PMC9954183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor, were conventionally classified through WHO Grades I-IV (now 1-4), with low-grade gliomas being entities belonging to Grades 1 or 2. While the focus of the WHO Classification for Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors had historically been on histopathological attributes, the recently released fifth edition of the classification (WHO CNS5) characterizes brain tumors, including gliomas, using an integration of histological and molecular features, including their epigenetic changes such as histone methylation, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation, which are increasingly being used for the classification of low-grade gliomas. This review describes the current understanding of the role of DNA methylation, demethylation, and histone modification in pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and outcomes of brain tumors, in particular of low-grade gliomas. The review also highlights potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in associated cellular biomolecules, structures, and processes. Targeting of MGMT promoter methylation, TET-hTDG-BER pathway, association of G-CIMP with key gene mutations, PARP inhibition, IDH and 2-HG-associated processes, TERT mutation and ARL9-associated pathways, DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition, Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, BET inhibition, CpG site DNA methylation signatures, along with others, present exciting avenues for translational research. This review also summarizes the current clinical trial landscape associated with the therapeutic utility of epigenetics in low-grade gliomas. Much of the evidence currently remains restricted to preclinical studies, warranting further investigation to demonstrate true clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Vivek Bhat
- St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Atulya A. Khosla
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Rupesh R. Kotecha
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael W. McDermott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.M.); (M.S.A.)
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16
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Pearson JT. Set7 methyltransferase roles in myocardial protection from chronic stressors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:105-8. [PMID: 36601782 DOI: 10.1042/CS20220773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenome changes in chronic states of cardiovascular stress including diabetes, pressure overload and cardiomyopathies frequently involve changes in open chromatin and post-translation modifications of histone lysine residues at specific amino acid positions by acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Since the discovery of Set7 as an important regulator of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation state, there has been wide interest in its role in cardiovascular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Recent transcriptome and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses and in vivo assessments of cardiac function by Lunardon and colleagues now reveal a clear role of Set7 in the regulation of the extracellular matrix composition and cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic isoproterenol induced cardiac stress.
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17
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Zhu Y, Pittella-Silva F, Wang Y, Wang T, Long F. Editorial: Epigenetic regulation and therapy resistance in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1119073. [PMID: 36699076 PMCID: PMC9868549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1119073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fabio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Fangyi Long,
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18
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Mei Z, Mou Y, Zhang N, Liu X, He Z, Gu S. Emerging Mutual Regulatory Roles between m 6A Modification and microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010773. [PMID: 36614216 PMCID: PMC9821650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-metyladenosine (m6A), one of the most common RNA methylation modifications in mammals, has attracted extensive attentions owing to its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. As a reversible epigenetic modification on RNAs, m6A is dynamically mediated by the functional interplay among the regulatory proteins of methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that m6A modification is associated with the production and function of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we summarize the specific kinds of m6A modification methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In particular, we focus on describing the roles of m6A modification and its regulatory proteins in the production and function of miRNAs in a variety of pathological and physiological processes. More importantly, we further discuss the mediating mechanisms of miRNAs in m6A modification and its regulatory proteins during the occurrence and development of various diseases.
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19
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Malik A, Kohli M, Jacob NA, Kayal A, Raj TK, Kulkarni N, Chandramohan V. In silico screening of phytochemical compounds and FDA drugs as potential inhibitors for NSP16/10 5' methyl transferase activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:221-233. [PMID: 34844519 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2005680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent global pandemic associated with the highly contagious novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unpredictable loss of life and economy worldwide, and the discovery of antiviral drugs is an urgent necessity. For the discovery of new drug leads and for the treatment of various diseases, natural products and purified photochemical from medicinal plants are used. The RNA cap was methylated by two S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), catalyzed by NSP16 2'-O-Mtase. Natural substrate SAM, 128 Phytocompounds retrieved from the Phytocompounds database, and 11 standard FDA-approved HIV drugs reclaimed from the PubChem database are subjected to docking analysis. The docking study was done using AutoDock Vina. Further, admetSAR and DruLiTO servers are used to analyze the drug-likeness properties. The NSP16/10 structure and natural substrate SAM, Phytocompounds Withanolide (WTL), and HIV standard drug Dolutegravir (DLT) as hit compounds were identified by molecular dynamics using the Gromacs GPU-enabled package. To examine the effectiveness of the identified drugs versus COVID-19, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayank Kohli
- Biotechnology Skill Enhancement Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
| | - Neethu Anju Jacob
- Biotechnology Skill Enhancement Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
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20
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Jacob C, Kitagawa A, Signoretti C, Dzieciatkowska M, D'Alessandro A, Gupte A, Hossain S, D'Addario CA, Gupte R, Gupte SA. Mediterranean G6PD variant mitigates expression of DNA methyltransferases and right heart pressure in experimental model of pulmonary hypertension. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102691. [PMID: 36372233 PMCID: PMC9731845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs: 1, 3a, and 3b), the epigenetic writers, in modulating DNA methylation observed in PH remains elusive. Our objective was to determine DNMT activity and expression in the lungs of experimental rat models of PH. Because the activity of DNMTs is metabolically driven, another objective was to determine the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in regulating DNMT expression and activity in the lungs of novel loss-of-function Mediterranean G6PD variant (G6PDS188F) rats. As outlined for modeling PH, rats injected with sugen5416 (SU) were placed in a hypoxia (Hx) chamber set at 10% oxygen for 3 weeks and then returned to normoxia (Nx) for 5 weeks (SU/Hx/Nx). Rats kept in atmospheric oxygen and treated with SU were used as controls. We assessed the activity and expression of DNMTs in the lungs of rats exposed to SU/Hx/Nx. WT rats exposed to SU/Hx/Nx developed hypertension and exhibited increased DNMT activity and Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b expression. In G6PDS188F rats, which developed less of a SU/Hx/Nx-induced increase in right ventricle pressure and hypertrophy than WT rats, we observed a diminished increase in expression and activity of DNMTs, DNA hypomethylation, increased histone acetylation and methylation, and increased expression of genes encoding NOS3 and SOD2-vascular-protective proteins. Collectively, increased DNMTs contribute to reduced expression of protective genes and to the pathogenesis of SU/Hx/Nx-induced experimental PH. Notably, G6PD regulates the expression of DNMTs and protective proteins in the lungs of hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaditya Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Shakib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - Rakhee Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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21
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Li Y, Ding L, Ren S, Zhang W, Rao GW. Protein Lysine Methyltransferases Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2022; 30:3060-3089. [PMID: 36043747 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220829151257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine methylation is a significant protein post-translational modification (PTMs), and has a key function in epigenetic regulation. Protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMTs) mainly catalyze the lysine methylation of various core histones, but also catalyze a few non-histone proteins. It has been observed that aberrant activity of PKMTs has been found in many cancers and other diseases, and some PKMTs inhibitors have been discovered and progressed to clinical trials. This field developed rapidly and has aroused great interest. In this paper, we reviewed the biochemical and biological activities of PKMTs and their association with various cancers. Selective small-molecule inhibitors including their chemical structure, structure-activity relationship, and in vitro/vivo studies are also be described with the aim of providing ideas for the discovery highly potent, selective PKMTs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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22
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Alagia A, Gullerova M. The Methylation Game: Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Dynamics of 5-Methylcytosine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:915685. [PMID: 35721489 PMCID: PMC9204050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.915685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA methylation dynamics have been linked to a variety of cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and the maintenance of genome integrity. The correct deposition and removal of methylated cytosine and its oxidized analogues is pivotal for cellular homeostasis, rapid responses to exogenous stimuli, and regulated gene expression. Uncoordinated expression of DNA/RNA methyltransferases and demethylase enzymes has been linked to genome instability and consequently to cancer progression. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that post-transcriptional DNA/RNA modifications are important features in DNA/RNA function, regulating the timely recruitment of modification-specific reader proteins. Understanding the biological processes that lead to tumorigenesis or somatic reprogramming has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community. This work has revealed extensive crosstalk between epigenetic and epitranscriptomic pathways, adding a new layer of complexity to our understanding of cellular programming and responses to environmental cues. One of the key modifications, m5C, has been identified as a contributor to regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR). However, the various mechanisms of dynamic m5C deposition and removal, and the role m5C plays within the cell, remains to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Khan MI, Alsayed RKME, Choudhry H, Ahmad A. Exosome-Mediated Response to Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Epigenetic Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116222. [PMID: 35682901 PMCID: PMC9181065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, the extracellular vesicles produced in the endosomal compartments, facilitate the transportation of proteins as well as nucleic acids. Epigenetic modifications are now considered important for fine-tuning the response of cancer cells to various therapies, and the acquired resistance against targeted therapies often involves dysregulated epigenetic modifications. Depending on the constitution of their cargo, exosomes can affect several epigenetic events, thus impacting post-transcriptional regulations. Thus, a role of exosomes as facilitators of epigenetic modifications has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Exosomes can deliver methyltransferases to recipient cells and, more importantly, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), represent an important exosome cargo that can affect the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors, with a resulting impact on cancer therapy resistance. Exosomes often harbor other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that support resistance. The exosome-mediated transfer of all this cargo between cancer cells and their surrounding cells, especially tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts, has a profound effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to several chemotherapeutics. This review focuses on the exosome-induced modulation of epigenetic events with resulting impact on sensitivity of cancer cells to various therapies, such as, tamoxifen, cisplatin, gemcitabine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which exosomes can modulate response to therapy in cancer cells is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.K.); (H.C.)
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. M. E. Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.K.); (H.C.)
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44390984
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24
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Shen WB, Yang JJ, Yang P. RNA Hypomethylation and Unchanged DNA Methylation Levels in the Cortex of ApoE4 Carriers and Alzheimer's Disease Subjects. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:530-540. [PMID: 36045519 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220831125142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and ApoE4 variants are significant risk factors for AD. Epigenetic modifications are involved in AD pathology. However, it is unclear whether DNA/RNA methylation plays a role in AD pathology, and dysregulation of DNA/RNA methylation occurs in ApoE4 carriers. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine whether dysregulation of DNA/RNA methylation is present in the brains of ApoE4 carriers and AD patients. METHODS In this study, postmortem brain tissues from carriers of ApoE4 and ApoE3, from AD and non- AD controls, were used in the analysis of DNA/RNA methylation, methyltransferases, and their demethylases. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining indicates that RNA methylation is suppressed in ApoE4 carriers. Further analysis shows that the expression of RNA methyltransferases and an RNA methylation reader is suppressed in ApoE4 carriers, whereas RNA demethylase expression is increased. RNA hypomethylation occurs in NeuN+ neurons in ApoE4 carriers and AD patients. Furthermore, in ApoE4 carriers, both DNA methyltransferases and demethylases are downregulated, and overall DNA methylation levels are unchanged. CONCLUSION Our finding indicates that RNA methylation decreased in ApoE4 carriers before AD pathology and AD individuals. The expression of RNA methyltransferases and RNA methylation reader is inhibited, and RNA demethylase is upregulated in ApoE4 carriers, which leads to suppression of RNA methylation, and the suppression precedes the AD pathogenesis and persists through AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - James Jiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
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25
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Rudenko AY, Mariasina SS, Sergiev PV, Polshakov VI. [Analogs of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine in Studies of Methyltransferases]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2022; 56:296-319. [PMID: 35403621 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898422020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methyltransferases (MTases) play an important role in the functioning of living systems, catalyzing the methylation reactions of DNA, RNA, proteins, and small molecules, including endogenous compounds and drugs. Many human diseases are associated with disturbances in the functioning of these enzymes; therefore, the study of MTases is an urgent and important task. Most MTases use the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl group donor. SAM analogs are widely applicable in the study of MTases: they are used in studies of the catalytic activity of these enzymes, in identification of substrates of new MTases, and for modification of the substrates or substrate linking to MTases. In this review, new synthetic analogs of SAM and the problems that can be solved with their usage are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Rudenko
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - S S Mariasina
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - P V Sergiev
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V I Polshakov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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26
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Li J, Feng S, Ma X, Yuan S, Wang X. METTL21A, a Non-Histone Methyltransferase, Is Dispensable for Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041942. [PMID: 35216057 PMCID: PMC8879998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases play various physiological and pathological roles through methylating histone and non-histone targets. Many histone methyltransferases have been reported to regulate the development of spermatogenic cells. However, the specific function of non-histone methyltransferases during spermatogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we found that METTL21A, a non-histone methyltransferase, is highly expressed in mouse testes. In order to elucidate the role of METTL21A in spermatogenesis, we generated a Mettl21a global knockout mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Unexpectedly, our results showed that knockout males are fertile without apparent defects in the processes of male germ cell development, including spermatogonial differentiation, meiosis, and sperm maturation. Furthermore, the ablation of METTL21A does not affect the expression and localization of its known targeting proteins in testes. Together, our data demonstrated that METTL21A is not essential for mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.); (S.F.); (X.M.)
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.); (S.F.); (X.M.)
| | - Xixiang Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.); (S.F.); (X.M.)
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.); (S.F.); (X.M.)
- Laboratory Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (X.W.); Fax: +86-027-83692651 (S.Y & X.W.)
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.); (S.F.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (X.W.); Fax: +86-027-83692651 (S.Y & X.W.)
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27
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do Amaral-Silva GK, Morais TMDL, Wagner VP, Martins MD, Fregnani ER, Soares FA, Rocha AC, Pontes HR, Santos-Silva AR, Vargas PA. Expression of DNMTs and H3K9ac in Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma. Front Oral Health 2022; 2:751162. [PMID: 35048062 PMCID: PMC8757744 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.751162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modification H3K9ac are epigenetic markers. This study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and H3K9ac in the dental follicle (DF), ameloblastoma (AME), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), correlating these expressions with the recurrence and aggressive behavior in ameloblastoma. Study Design: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in 10 human DFs, 38 ameloblastomas, and 6 AC samples. Another 59 ameloblastomas assembled in a tissue microarray were used to compare the immunoexpression with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics and the presence of BRAFv600e mutation. Each slide was digitized as a high-resolution image and quantified by Aperio ScanScope Nuclear V9 software. All statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results: DNMT3B expression was higher in ameloblastomas than in the DFs, while the AC overexpressed all proteins. The ameloblastomas with BRAFv600e mutation, vestibular/lingual, or vestibular/palatine bone cortical disruption and maxilla involvement showed DNMT1 overexpression, while recurrent cases had high DNMT3B levels. Conclusions: DNA methylation and histone modification might play a role in the development, clinical aggressiveness, and recurrence rates of ameloblastoma, such as the progression to AC. Further investigation about gene methylations in ameloblastomas is needed to better understand its relationship with aggressiveness and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Caroli Rocha
- Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder Rabelo Pontes
- Service of Buccal Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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28
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Ma LY, Zhang AP, Liu J, Zhang N, Chen M, Yang H. Minimized Atrazine Risks to Crop Security and Its Residue in the Environment by a Rice Methyltransferase as a Regulation Factor. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:87-98. [PMID: 34936355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an agricultural pesticide for controlling field weeds. ATZ accumulates in many crops, posing high risks to crop production and food safety. Characterizing one of the novel rice MT genes named Oryza sativa atrazine-responsive methyltransferase (OsARM) showed that the expression of OsARM was associated with DNA demethylation (hypomethylation) in its promoter region. The enhancement of OsARM expression was manifested by the attenuated symptoms of ATZ toxicity including better growth and lower ATZ accumulation in plants. The promoted capacity of detoxification was confirmed by transgenic rice overexpression OsARM lines and also functionally proved by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutants. The transgenic lines accumulate more ATZ metabolites in rice and lower concentrations in the growth environment, pointing out that ATZ metabolism or degradation can be intensified. The ATZ-induced DNA demethylation is an important hallmark representing the epigenetic mechanism, which is required for the extra OsARM expression to facilitate ATZ disappearance in rice and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ai Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jintong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Abstract
DNA methylation is a process in which methyl (CH3) groups are added to the DNA molecule. The DNA segment does not change in the sequence, but DNA methylation could alter the action of DNA. Different enzymes like DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) take part in methylation of cytosine/adenine nucleosides in DNA. In prokaryotes, DNA methylation is performed to prevent the attack of phage and also plays a role in the chromosome replication and repair. In fungi, DNA methylation is studied to see the transcriptional changes, as in insects, the DNA methylation is not that well-known, it plays a different role like other organisms. In mammals, the DNA methylation is related to different types of cancers and plays the most important role in the placental development and abnormal DNA methylation connected with diseases like cancer, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (Casvab), University of Baluchistan, Quetta- Pakistan. E-mails:
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Buitems, Quetta-Pakistan. E-mails:
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. E-mails:
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comsats University, Abbottabad. E-mails:
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30
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Yang Y, Luan Y, Yuan RX, Luan Y. Histone Methylation Related Therapeutic Challenge in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:710053. [PMID: 34568453 PMCID: PMC8458636 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.710053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is predicted to spread rapidly in advanced countries accompanied by the high prevalence of risk factors. In terms of pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of CVDs is featured by multiple disorders, including vascular inflammation accompanied by simultaneously perturbed pathways, such as cell death and acute/chronic inflammatory reactions. Epigenetic alteration is involved in the regulation of genome stabilization and cellular homeostasis. The association between CVD progression and histone modifications is widely known. Among the histone modifications, histone methylation is a reversible process involved in the development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Abnormal methylation can promote CVD progression. This review discusses histone methylation and the enzymes involved in the cardiovascular system and determine the effects of histone methyltransferases and demethylases on the pathogenesis of CVDs. We will further demonstrate key proteins mediated by histone methylation in blood vessels and review histone methylation-mediated cardiomyocytes and cellular functions and pathways in CVDs. Finally, we will summarize the role of inhibitors of histone methylation and demethylation in CVDs and analyze their therapeutic potential, based on previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xia Yuan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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31
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Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18673-18679. [PMID: 34101966 PMCID: PMC8457072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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32
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Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2021; 133:18821-18827. [PMID: 38505091 PMCID: PMC10947541 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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33
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Weiss N, Seneviranthe C, Jiang M, Wang K, Luo M. Profiling and Validation of Live-Cell Protein Methylation with Engineered Enzymes and Methionine Analogues. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e213. [PMID: 34370893 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) regulate many aspects of normal and disease processes through substrate methylation, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a cofactor. It has been challenging to elucidate cellular protein lysine and arginine methylation because these modifications barely alter physical properties of target proteins and often are context dependent, transient, and substoichiometric. To reveal bona fide methylation events associated with specific PMT activities in native contexts, we developed the live-cell Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation (lcBPPM) technology, in which the substrates of specific PMTs are labeled by engineered PMTs inside living cells, with in situ-synthesized SAM analogues as cofactors. The biorthogonality of this technology is achieved because these SAM analogue cofactors can only be processed by the engineered PMTs-and not native PMTs-to modify the substrates with distinct chemical groups. Here, we describe the latest lcBPPM protocol and its application to reveal proteome-wide methylation and validate specific methylation events. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Live-cell labeling of substrates of protein methyltransferases GLP1 and PRMT1 with lcBPPM-feasible enzymes and SAM analogue precursors Support Protocol: Gram-scale synthesis of Hey-Met Basic Protocol 2: Click labeling of lcBPPM cell lysates with a biotin-azide probe Alternate Protocol: Click labeling of small-scale lcBPPM cell lysates with a TAMRA-azide dye for in-gel fluorescence visualization Basic Protocol 3: Enrichment of biotinylated lcBPPM proteome with streptavidin beads Basic Protocol 4: Proteome-wide identification of lcBPPM targets with mass spectrometry Basic Protocol 5: Validation of individual lcBPPM targets by western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weiss
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Chamara Seneviranthe
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming Jiang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ke Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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Janisiak J, Kopytko P, Tkacz M, Rogińska D, Perużyńska M, Machaliński B, Pawlik A, Tarnowski M. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) Inhibitors-AMI-1 and SAH Are Effective in Attenuating Rhabdomyosarcoma Growth and Proliferation in Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8023. [PMID: 34360791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue cancer that develops mostly in children and young adults. With regard to histopathology, four rhabdomyosarcoma types are distinguishable: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and spindle/sclerosing. Currently, increased amounts of evidence indicate that not only gene mutations, but also epigenetic modifications may be involved in the development of RMS. Epigenomic changes regulate the chromatin architecture and affect the interaction between DNA strands, histones and chromatin binding proteins, thus, are able to control gene expression. The main aim of the study was to assess the role of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) in the cellular biology of rhabdomyosarcoma. In the study we used two pan-inhibitors of PRMT, called AMI-1 and SAH, and evaluated their effects on proliferation and apoptosis of RMS cells. We observed that AMI-1 and SAH reduce the invasive phenotype of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by decreasing their proliferation rate, cell viability and ability to form cell colonies. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that these inhibitors attenuate the activity of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and affect expression of genes related to it.
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Abstract
In eukaryotes, mRNA is modified by the addition of the 7-methylguanosine (m7 G) 5' cap to protect mRNA from premature degradation, thereby enhancing translation and enabling differentiation between self (endogenous) and non-self RNAs (e. g., viral ones). Viruses often develop their own mRNA capping pathways to augment the expression of their proteins and escape host innate immune response. Insights into this capping system may provide new ideas for therapeutic interventions and facilitate drug discovery, e. g., against viruses that cause pandemic outbreaks, such as beta-coronaviruses SARS-CoV (2002), MARS-CoV (2012), and the most recent SARS-CoV-2. Thus, proper methods for the screening of large compound libraries are required to identify lead structures that could serve as a basis for rational antiviral drug design. This review summarizes the methods that allow the monitoring of the activity and inhibition of enzymes involved in mRNA capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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36
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Zhang X, Shen X, Sun X, Wang J, Yuan Q. [Application of methyltransferases in microbial synthesis of natural products]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2021; 37:1869-1886. [PMID: 34227282 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyltransferases (MTs) constitute a large group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a methyl moiety, most frequently from S-adenosyl-L-methionine, to their substrates. It plays an essential role in regulation of gene expression and synthesis of many natural compounds. Owing to its broad substrate spectrum, MTs make important contributions to diversify the spectrum of products through methylation modifications. Recently, great progress has been made in application of MTs for the biosynthesis of various natural products including phenylpropane compounds, fragrances, hormones and antibiotics, which is summarized in this review. Moreover, we highlighted the strategies of using MTs for efficient production and for expanding the diversity of these methylated natural products, and discussed the current challenges and future prospects in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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37
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Shi Y, Shen HM, Gopalakrishnan V, Gordon N. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy Beyond the Cytoplasm: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675599. [PMID: 34195194 PMCID: PMC8237754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process induced under various stress conditions to protect the cell from harm and allow survival in the face of nutrient- or energy-deficient states. Regulation of autophagy is complex, as cells need to adapt to a continuously changing microenvironment. It is well recognized that the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways are the main regulators of autophagy. However, various other signaling pathways have also been described to regulate the autophagic process. A better understanding of these complex autophagy regulatory mechanisms will allow the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. Here, we present a brief overview of autophagy and its regulatory pathways with emphasis on the epigenetic control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy Gordon
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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38
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Parbin S, Damodharan S, Rajyaguru PI. Arginine methylation and cytoplasmic mRNA fate: An exciting new partnership. Yeast 2021; 38:441-452. [PMID: 34048611 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Among these modifications, arginine methylation has recently attracted tremendous attention due to its role in multiple cellular functions. This review discusses the recent advances that have established arginine methylation as a major player in determining cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) fate. We specifically focus on research that implicates arginine methylation in regulating mRNA translation, decay, and RNA granule dynamics. Based on this research, we highlight a few emerging future avenues that will lead to exciting discoveries in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabnam Parbin
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Integrative Genomics Core Unit, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Subha Damodharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Alam J, Rahman FT, Sah-Teli SK, Venkatesan R, Koski MK, Autio KJ, Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ. Expression and analysis of the SAM-dependent RNA methyltransferase Rsm22 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:840-853. [PMID: 34076597 PMCID: PMC8171064 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rsm22-family proteins are conserved putative SAM-dependent methyltransferases with important functions in mitochondrial translation. Here, the results of a comparative bioinformatics analysis of Rsm22-type proteins are presented, the expression, biophysical characterization and crystallization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rsm22 are reported, a low-resolution SAXS structure of the protein is revealed, and SAM-dependent RNA methyl transferase activity of the protein is demonstrated. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rsm22 protein (Sc-Rsm22), encoded by the nuclear RSM22 (systematic name YKL155c) gene, is a distant homologue of Rsm22 from Trypanosoma brucei (Tb-Rsm22) and METTL17 from mouse (Mm-METTL17). All three proteins have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial gene expression, and Sc-Rsm22 has been documented to be essential for mitochondrial respiration. The Sc-Rsm22 protein comprises a polypeptide of molecular weight 72.2 kDa that is predicted to harbor an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. The precise physiological function of Rsm22-family proteins is unknown, and no structural information has been available for Sc-Rsm22 to date. In this study, Sc-Rsm22 was expressed and purified in monomeric and dimeric forms, their folding was confirmed by circular-dichroism analyses and their low-resolution structures were determined using a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approach. The solution structure of the monomeric form of Sc-Rsm22 revealed an elongated three-domain arrangement, which differs from the shape of Tb-Rsm22 in its complex with the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit in T. brucei (PDB entry 6sg9). A bioinformatic analysis revealed that the core domain in the middle (Leu117–Asp462 in Sc-Rsm22) resembles the corresponding region in Tb-Rsm22, including a Rossmann-like methyltransferase fold followed by a zinc-finger-like structure. The latter structure is not present in this position in other methyltransferases and is therefore a unique structural motif for this family. The first half of the C-terminal domain is likely to form an OB-fold, which is typically found in RNA-binding proteins and is also seen in the Tb-Rsm22 structure. In contrast, the N-terminal domain of Sc-Rsm22 is predicted to be fully α-helical and shares no sequence similarity with other family members. Functional studies demonstrated that the monomeric variant of Sc-Rsm22 methylates mitochondrial tRNAs in vitro. These data suggest that Sc-Rsm22 is a new and unique member of the RNA methyltransferases that is important for mitochondrial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Farah Tazkera Rahman
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Shiv K Sah-Teli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Rajaram Venkatesan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexander J Kastaniotis
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
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40
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Tanweer S, Jamal S, Mehra S, Saqib N, Ahmad F, Faizan, Grover A, Grover S. Multifaceted role of drugs: a potential weapon to outsmart Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance by targeting its essential ThyX. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8508-8517. [PMID: 33860725 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1913230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the prominent cause of deaths across the world and multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB continues to pose challenges for clinicians and public health centers. The risk of death is extremely high in individuals who have compromised immune systems, HIV infection, or diabetes. Research institutes and pharmaceutical companies have been working on repurposing existing drugs as effective therapeutic options against TB. The identification of suitable drugs with multi-target affinity profiles is a widely accepted way to combat the development of resistance. Flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase (FDTS), known as ThyX, is in the class of methyltransferases and is a possible target in the discovery of novel anti-TB drugs. In this study, we aimed to repurpose existing drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that could be used in the treatment of TB. An integrated screening was performed based on computational procedures: high-throughput molecular docking techniques, followed by molecular dynamics simulations of the target enzyme, ThyX. After performing in silico screening using a library of 3,967 FDA-approved drugs, the two highest-scoring drugs, Carglumic acid and Mesalazine, were selected as potential candidates that could be repurposed to treat TB.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tanweer
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Salma Jamal
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Mehra
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Najumu Saqib
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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41
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Cheng Y, Wang M, Zhou J, Dong H, Wang S, Xu H. The Important Role of N6-methyladenosine RNA Modification in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030440. [PMID: 33808751 PMCID: PMC8003501 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic RNA. The m6A modification is a dynamic and reversible process, regulated by three kinds of regulator, including m6A methyltransferases, demethylases and m6A-binding proteins, and this modification plays a vital role in many diseases, especially in cancers. Accumulated evidence has proven that this modification has a significant effect on cellular biological functions and cancer progression; however, little is known about the effects of the m6A modification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we summarized how various m6A regulators modulate m6A RNA metabolism and demonstrated the effect of m6A modification on the progression and cellular biological functions of NSCLC. We also discussed how m6A modification affects the treatment, drug resistance, diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Ali S, Ehtram A, Arora N, Manjunath P, Roy D, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. The M. tuberculosis Rv1523 Methyltransferase Promotes Drug Resistance Through Methylation-Mediated Cell Wall Remodeling and Modulates Macrophages Immune Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622487. [PMID: 33777836 PMCID: PMC7994892 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of antibiotics resistance is a major clinical challenge limiting the effective prevention and treatment of the deadliest human infectious disease tuberculosis. The molecular mechanisms by which initially Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) develop drug resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we report the novel role of M.tb Rv1523 MTase in the methylation of mycobacterial cell envelope lipids and possible mechanism of its contribution in the virulence and drug resistance. Initial interactome analyses predicted association of Rv1523 with proteins related to fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. This promoted us to investigate methylation activity of Rv1523 using cell wall fatty acids or lipids as a substrate. Rv1523 catalyzed the transfer of methyl group from SAM to the cell wall components of mycobacterium. To investigate further the in vivo methylating role of Rv1523, we generated a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strain that expressed the Rv1523 gene. The M. smegmatis strain expressing Rv1523 exhibited altered cell wall lipid composition, leading to an increased survival under surface stress, acidic condition and resistance to antibiotics. Macrophages infected with recombinant M. smegmatis induced necrotic cell death and modulated the host immune responses. In summary, these findings reveal a hitherto unknown role of Rv1523 encoded MTase in cell wall remodeling and modulation of immune responses. Functional gain of mycolic acid Rv1523 methyltransferase induced virulence and resistance to antibiotics in M. smegmatis. Thus, mycolic acid methyltransferase may serve as an excellent target for the discovery and development of novel anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeha Ali
- Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Lab, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aquib Ehtram
- Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Lab, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Arora
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - P Manjunath
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Deodutta Roy
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Mann SA, DeMart MK, May B, Causey CP, Knuckley B. Histone H4-based peptoids are inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Biochem J 2020; 477:2971-80. [PMID: 32716034 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of arginine residues occurs on a number of protein substrates, most notably the N-terminal tails of histones, and is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). This modification can lead to transcriptional activation or repression of cancer-related genes. To date, a number of inhibitors, based on natural peptide substrates, have been developed for the PRMT family of enzymes. However, because peptides are easily degraded in vivo, the utility of these inhibitors as potential therapeutics is limited. The use of peptoids, which are peptide mimetics where the amino acid side chain is attached to the nitrogen in the amide backbone instead of the α-carbon, may circumvent the problems associated with peptide degradation. Given the structural similarities, peptoid scaffolds may provide enhanced stability, while preserving the mechanism of action. Herein, we have identified that peptoids based on natural peptide substrates are not catalyzed to the product by PRMT1, but instead are inhibitors of this enzyme. Reducing the length of the peptoid reduces inhibition and suggest the residues distal from the site of modification are important for binding. Furthermore, a positive charge on the N-terminus helps promote binding and improves inhibition. Selectivity among family members is likely possible based on inhibition being moderately selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5 and provides a scaffold that can be used to develop pharmaceuticals against this class of enzymes.
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44
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Zheng Y, Tang L, Chen G, Liu Z. Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Key Methyltransferases and Demethylases for Histone Lysines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820983284. [PMID: 33355042 PMCID: PMC7871294 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820983284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Methylation of lysines on histones, controlled by various methyltransferases and demethylases, is an important component of epigenetic modifications, and abnormal regulation of such enzymes serves as common events in hepatocellular carcinoma. We determined to identify important methyltransferases and demethylases that might regulate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics. Methods: The Oncomine and UALCAN databases were used to retrieve mRNA expression levels of histone lysine methyltransferases and demethylases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Data analyses of genetic alterations, mainly mutations and copy number alterations, were performed on the cBioportal platform. Protein-protein interactions were established in the STRING database. Results: mRNA expression of 8 genes correlated with clinical staging and grading, whereas 4 genes indicated a role in the prognosis, all co-expressed with SEDB1 and WHSC1. Genetically, 12 genes showing an alteration rate higher than 5% were identified, and only 3 were indicative of prognosis. Copy number gains in ASH1L, SETDB1, and KDM5B might partially contribute to the upregulation of their mRNA expression. The close relationship of mutations in MLL2/MLL3 with driver gene mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma provided a rationale for further investigation. Conclusions: We identified 11 methyltransferases and demethylases for major histone lysines that might be promising research targets in the pathogenesis, development, and prediction of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma using bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital, 117971Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, 71040Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 71040Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital, 117971Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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45
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Fathima T, Arumugam P, AS SG, Priyadharsini JV. Decoding the Genetic Alterations in Genes of DNMT Family (DNA Methyl-Transferase) and their Association with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3605-3612. [PMID: 33369458 PMCID: PMC8046301 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic modifications are gaining focus due to their indirect association with tumorigenesis. DNA methylation plays a prime role in regulation of gene expression. Any aberrations in this gene family may lead to chromosomal instability and increased magnitude of tumour progression. In line with the above fact, the present study has been designed to identify genetic alterations in the genes of the DNMT (DNA methyl-transferase) family among head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (HNSCC). METHODS The present study follows an observational design employing computational tools for analysis. The TCGA-Firehose Legacy data was assessed using the cBioportal database. The dataset comprised of 530 samples from HNSCC patients which were assessed for genetic alterations in the DNMT family. Furthermore, the protein stability analysis and pathogenicity of the mutations were assessed using I-Mutant Suite and PROVEAN tools. RESULTS Almost all genes of the DNMT family harboured gene amplification. The TRDMT1 and DNMT3L genes showed deep deletions. Apart from these several non-synonymous, truncating and splice-site mutations were also documented. Protein stability and pathogenicity analysis revealed that majority of the mutations were found to decrease the stability and impose pathogenicity. Upon probing for reported mutations using gnomAD database, around six reference single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified which were found to exhibit a minor allele frequency less than 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Screening of an exhaustive collection of patient's samples could provide immense knowledge about the disease pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic leads. The variants identified in the present study could be used as diagnostic markers. However, further experimental analysis through genotyping assay is warranted to validate the present findings. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Fathima
- Saveetha Dental College, Velappanchavadi, Poonamallee High Road, India.
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai-77, India.
| | - Smiline Girija AS
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - J Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre - Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai-77, India.
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46
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Wang TY, Liu XJ, Xie JY, Yuan QZ, Wang Y. Cask methylation involved in the injury of insulin secretion function caused by interleukin1-β. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14247-14256. [PMID: 33188567 PMCID: PMC7753871 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet inflammation severely impairs pancreatic β‐cell function, but the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Interleukin1‐β (IL‐1β), an essential inflammatory factor, exerts a vital role in multiple physio‐pathologic processes, including diabetes. Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is an important regulator especially in insulin secretion process. This study aims to unveil the function of CASK in IL‐1β–induced insulin secretion dysfunction and the possible mechanism thereof. Islets of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats and INS‐1 cells stimulated with IL‐1β were utilized as models of chronic inflammation. Insulin secretion function associated with Cask and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) expression were assessed. The possible mechanisms of IL‐1β‐induced pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction were also explored. In this study, CASK overexpression effectively improved IL‐1β‐induced islet β‐cells dysfunction, increased insulin secretion. DNA methyltransferases and the level of methylation in the promoter region of Cask were elevated after IL‐1β administration. Methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dC) and si‐DNMTs partially up‐regulated CASK expression and reversed potassium stimulated insulin secretion (KSIS) and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) function under IL‐1β treatment in INS‐1 and rat islets. These results reveal a previously unknown effect of IL‐1β on insulin secretion dysfunction and demonstrate a novel pathway for Cask silencing based on activation of DNA methyltransferases via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and modification of gene promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yang Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Zhao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Speciale I, Laugieri ME, Noel E, Lin S, Lowary TL, Molinaro A, Duncan GA, Agarkova IV, Garozzo D, Tonetti MG, Van Etten JL, De Castro C. Chlorovirus PBCV-1 protein A064R has three of the transferase activities necessary to synthesize its capsid protein N-linked glycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28735-42. [PMID: 33139538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016626117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1) is a large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that infects the unicellular green alga Chlorella variabilis NC64A. Unlike many other viruses, PBCV-1 encodes most, if not all, of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the glycans attached to its major capsid protein. Importantly, these glycans differ from those reported from the three domains of life in terms of structure and asparagine location in the sequon of the protein. Previous data collected from 20 PBCV-1 spontaneous mutants (or antigenic variants) suggested that the a064r gene encodes a glycosyltransferase (GT) with three domains, each with a different function. Here, we demonstrate that: domain 1 is a β-l-rhamnosyltransferase; domain 2 is an α-l-rhamnosyltransferase resembling only bacterial proteins of unknown function, and domain 3 is a methyltransferase that methylates the C-2 hydroxyl group of the terminal α-l-rhamnose (Rha) unit. We also establish that methylation of the C-3 hydroxyl group of the terminal α-l-Rha is achieved by another virus-encoded protein A061L, which requires an O-2 methylated substrate. This study, thus, identifies two of the glycosyltransferase activities involved in the synthesis of the N-glycan of the viral major capsid protein in PBCV-1 and establishes that a single protein A064R possesses the three activities needed to synthetize the 2-OMe-α-l-Rha-(1→2)-β-l-Rha fragment. Remarkably, this fragment can be attached to any xylose unit.
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Bon C, Halby L, Arimondo PB. Bisubstrate inhibitors: the promise of a selective and potent chemical inhibition of epigenetic 'writers'. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1479-1482. [PMID: 32938211 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bon
- Department of Structural Biology & Chemistry, EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Halby
- Department of Structural Biology & Chemistry, EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Paola Barbara Arimondo
- Department of Structural Biology & Chemistry, EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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49
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Limbrick EM, Yñigez-Gutierrez AE, Dulin CC, Derewacz DK, Spraggins JM, McCulloch KM, Iverson TM, Bachmann BO. Methyltransferase Contingencies in the Pathway of Everninomicin D Antibiotics and Analogues. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3349-3358. [PMID: 32686210 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Everninomicins are orthoester oligosaccharide antibiotics with potent activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Everninomicins act by disrupting ribosomal assembly in a distinct region in comparison to clinically prescribed drugs. We employed microporous intergeneric conjugation with Escherichia coli to manipulate Micromonospora for targeted gene-replacement studies of multiple putative methyltransferases across the octasaccharide scaffold of everninomicin effecting the A1 , C, F, and H rings. Analyses of gene-replacement and genetic complementation mutants established the mutability of the everninomicin scaffold through the generation of 12 previously unreported analogues and, together with previous results, permitted assignment of the ten methyltransferases required for everninomicin biosynthesis. The in vitro activity of A1 - and H-ring-modifying methyltransferases demonstrated the ability to catalyze late-stage modification of the scaffold on an A1 -ring phenol and H-ring C-4' hydroxy moiety. Together these results establish the potential of the everninomicin scaffold for modification through mutagenesis and in vitro modification of advanced biosynthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilianne M Limbrick
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | | | - Callie C Dulin
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Dagmara K Derewacz
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kathryn M McCulloch
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University 7124 MRBIII, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University 7124 MRBIII, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology.,Vanderbilt Center for Structural Biology
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University 7124 MRBIII, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology
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50
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Lobo J, Guimarães R, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Monteiro-Reis S, Cantante M, Antunes L, Braga I, Maurício J, Looijenga LH, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Differential expression of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases among the various testicular germ cell tumor subtypes. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1579-1592. [PMID: 32957806 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Characterize DNA methyltransferases/demethylases expression in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Methods:In silico analysis of TCGA database, assessment of transcript levels of most relevant enzymes in four TGCT cell lines and validation in patient cohort (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; immunohistochemistry). Results:DNMT3A, DNMT3B and TET2 were the most differentially expressed between seminomas (SEs) and nonseminomas (NSs). DNMT3B was significantly overexpressed in NS-related cell lines, and the opposite was found for TET2. Significantly higher DNMT3A/B mRNA expression was observed in NS, indicating a role for de novo methylation in reprogramming. Significantly higher TET2 protein expression was observed in SEs, suggesting active demethylation contributes for SE hypomethylated state. More differentiated histologies disclosed distinct expression patterns. Conclusion: DNA-modifying enzymes are differentially expressed between TGCT subtypes, influencing reprogramming and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CEG CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leendert Hj Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
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