1
|
Wang Y, Subrizi F, Carter EM, Sheppard TD, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Enzymatic synthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids using a parallel cascade strategy and tyrosinase variants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5436. [PMID: 36114194 PMCID: PMC9481557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived pharmaceuticals are widely applied in modern medicines. Recent studies on the microbial production of benzylisoquinolines have highlighted key biological syntheses towards these natural products. Routes to non-natural benzylisoquinolines have been less explored, particularly halogenated compounds which are more challenging. Here, we show the use of a tyrosinase, tyrosine decarboxylase, transaminase, and norcoclaurine synthase which are combined in a parallel cascade design, in order to generate halogenated benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in high enantiomeric excess. Notably, mutagenesis studies are applied to generate tyrosinase mutants, which enhance the acceptance of halogenated tyrosines for use in the biocatalytic cascades developed. Pharmaceuticals derived from benzylisoquinoline alkaloids find application in modern medicine. Here, the authors report the design of a parallel enzymatic cascade to generate halogenated benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, that included engineering of tyrosinase mutants to enhance substrate capabilities.
Collapse
|
2
|
Carter EM, Subrizi F, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Direct Conversion of Hydrazones to Amines using Transaminases. ChemCatChem 2021; 13:4520-4523. [PMID: 35874927 PMCID: PMC9292518 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been widely used for the amination of aldehydes and ketones, often resulting in optically pure products. In this work, transaminases were directly reacted with hydrazones in a novel approach to form amine products. Several substrates were investigated, including those with furan and phenyl moieties. It was determined that the amine yields increased when an additional electrophile was added to the reaction mixture, suggesting that they can sequester the hydrazine released in the reaction. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a cofactor for transaminases, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-aldehydes were both found to increase the yield of amine formed. Notably, the amination of (S)-(-)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (SAMP) hydrazones gave promising results as a method to form chiral β-substituted amines in good yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve M Carter
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roddan R, Subrizi F, Broomfield J, Ward JM, Keep NH, Hailes HC. Chemoenzymatic Cascades toward Methylated Tetrahydroprotoberberine and Protoberberine Alkaloids. Org Lett 2021; 23:6342-6347. [PMID: 34355910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroprotoberberine and protoberberine alkaloids are a group of biologically active natural products with complex molecular scaffolds. Isolation from plants is challenging and stereoselective synthetic routes, particularly of methylated compounds are limited, reducing the potential use of these compounds. In this work, we describe chemoenzymatic cascades toward various 13-methyl-tetrahydroprotoberberbine scaffolds using a stereoselective Pictet-Spenglerase, regioselective catechol O-methyltransferases and selective chemical Pictet-Spengler reactions. All reactions could be performed sequentially, without the workup or purification of any synthetic intermediates. Moreover, the naturally occurring alkaloids have the (+)-configuration and importantly here, a strategy to the (-)-isomers was developed. A methyl group at C-8 was also introduced with some stereocontrol, influenced by the stereochemistry at C-13. Furthermore, a single step reaction was found to convert tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids into the analogous protoberberine scaffold, avoiding the use of harsh oxidizing conditions or a selective oxidase. This work provides facile, selective routes toward novel analogues of bioactive alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Roddan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Joseph Broomfield
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Nicholas H Keep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, U.K
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18673-18679. [PMID: 34101966 PMCID: PMC8457072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subrizi F, Wang Y, Thair B, Méndez‐Sánchez D, Roddan R, Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Siegrist J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Multienzyme One-Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2021; 133:18821-18827. [PMID: 38505091 PMCID: PMC10947541 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi-enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non-natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C-1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB)Branch BiocatSchulgasse 11a94315StraubingGermany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cárdenas-Fernández M, Subrizi F, Dobrijevic D, Hailes HC, Ward JM. Characterisation of a hyperthermophilic transketolase from Thermotoga maritima DSM3109 as a biocatalyst for 7-keto-octuronic acid synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6493-6500. [PMID: 34250527 PMCID: PMC8317047 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transketolase (TK) is a fundamentally important enzyme in industrial biocatalysis which carries out a stereospecific carbon-carbon bond formation, and is widely used in the synthesis of prochiral ketones. This study describes the biochemical and molecular characterisation of a novel and unusual hyperthermophilic TK from Thermotoga maritima DSM3109 (TKtmar). TKtmar has a low protein sequence homology compared to the already described TKs, with key amino acid residues in the active site highly conserved. TKtmar has a very high optimum temperature (>90 °C) and shows pronounced stability at high temperature (e.g. t1/2 99 and 9.3 h at 50 and 80 °C, respectively) and in presence of organic solvents commonly used in industry (DMSO, acetonitrile and methanol). Substrate screening showed activity towards several monosaccharides and aliphatic aldehydes. In addition, for the first time, TK specificity towards uronic acids was achieved with TKtmar catalysing the efficient conversion of d-galacturonic acid and lithium hydroxypyruvate into 7-keto-octuronic acid, a very rare C8 uronic acid, in high yields (98%, 49 mM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Cárdenas-Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roddan R, Sula A, Méndez-Sánchez D, Subrizi F, Lichman BR, Broomfield J, Richter M, Andexer JN, Ward JM, Keep NH, Hailes HC. Single step syntheses of (1S)-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinolines by norcoclaurine synthases. Commun Chem 2020; 3:170. [PMID: 36703392 PMCID: PMC9814250 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1-aryl-THIQ) moiety is found in many biologically active molecules. Single enantiomer chemical syntheses are challenging and although some biocatalytic routes have been reported, the substrate scope is limited to certain structural motifs. The enzyme norcoclaurine synthase (NCS), involved in plant alkaloid biosynthesis, has been shown to perform stereoselective Pictet-Spengler reactions between dopamine and several carbonyl substrates. Here, benzaldehydes are explored as substrates and found to be accepted by both wild-type and mutant constructs of NCS. In particular, the variant M97V gives a range of (1 S)-aryl-THIQs in high yields (48-99%) and e.e.s (79-95%). A co-crystallised structure of the M97V variant with an active site reaction intermediate analogue is also obtained with the ligand in a pre-cyclisation conformation, consistent with (1 S)-THIQs formation. Selected THIQs are then used with catechol O-methyltransferases with exceptional regioselectivity. This work demonstrates valuable biocatalytic approaches to a range of (1 S)-THIQs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Roddan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Altin Sula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Daniel Méndez-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joseph Broomfield
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Jennifer N Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Nicholas H Keep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Building, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nelson A, Phipps RJ, Crane GJ, Venanzi NAE, Lockley WJS, Tredwell M, Buurma NJ, Ballard A, Ahmad HO, Narduolo S, Rosa L, Chand N, Cosgrove DA, Varkonyi P, Asaad N, Tomasi S, Leach AG, Summerhill N, Bloom J, Newby M, Madden S, Roman D, Exner RM, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Ge H, Paisey S, Pascu SI, de Rosales RTM, Hailes HC, Wang Y, Zhao J, Méndez-Sánchez D, Rodan R, Subrizi F, Lichman BR, Keep NH, Ward JM, Harris M, Lamb M, Wilson V, Iafrate P, Bulat F, Néves AA, Hesse F, Hu DE, Aigbirhio F, Leeper FJ, Brindle KM, Rowbotham JS, Urata K, Reeve HA, Vincent KA, Hueting R. Abstracts of the 28 th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium: The Synthesis & Applications of Labelled Compounds 2019. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:608-617. [PMID: 32678462 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Subrizi F, Benhamou L, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Aminopolyols from Carbohydrates: Amination of Sugars and Sugar‐Derived Tetrahydrofurans with Transaminases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Laure Benhamou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Subrizi F, Benhamou L, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Aminopolyols from Carbohydrates: Amination of Sugars and Sugar-Derived Tetrahydrofurans with Transaminases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3854-3858. [PMID: 30690839 PMCID: PMC6492202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the major component of biomass and have unique potential as a sustainable source of building blocks for chemicals, materials, and biofuels because of their low cost, ready availability, and stereochemical diversity. With a view to upgrading carbohydrates to access valuable nitrogen-containing sugar-like compounds such as aminopolyols, biocatalytic aminations using transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic strategies. Demonstrated here is the reaction of TAms with sugar-derived tetrahydrofuran (THF) aldehydes, obtained from the regioselective dehydration of biomass-derived sugars, to provide access to cyclic aminodiols in high yields. In a preliminary study we have also established the direct transamination of sugars to give acyclic aminopolyols. Notably, the reaction of the ketose d-fructose proceeds with complete stereoselectivity to yield valuable aminosugars in high purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Laure Benhamou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bawn M, Subrizi F, Lye GJ, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC, Ward JM. Data on a thermostable enzymatic one-pot reaction for the production of a high-value compound from l-arabinose. Data Brief 2018; 19:1341-1354. [PMID: 30229010 PMCID: PMC6140825 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset presented in this article is related to the research article entitled "One-pot, two-step transaminase and transketolase synthesis of l-gluco-heptulose from l-arabinose" (Bawn et al., 2018 in press) [1]. This article presents data on initial experiments that were carried out to investigate new thermostable transketolase (TK) activities with l-arabinose. Transaminase (TAm) sequences from an in-house library of thermophilic strains were analyzed to compare homologies to characterized TAms with desired activity. DNA and amino acid sequences are presented for all the enzymes investigated. Calibration curves for products of the TK and TAm reactions are also presented along with chromatographic analysis of the various one-pot reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bawn
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Gary J. Lye
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John M. Ward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gruber P, Carvalho F, Marques MPC, O'Sullivan B, Subrizi F, Dobrijevic D, Ward J, Hailes HC, Fernandes P, Wohlgemuth R, Baganz F, Szita N. Cover Image, Volume 115, Number 3, March 2018. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Marco P. C. Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - John Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering; Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gruber P, Carvalho F, Marques MPC, O'Sullivan B, Subrizi F, Dobrijevic D, Ward J, Hailes HC, Fernandes P, Wohlgemuth R, Baganz F, Szita N. Enzymatic synthesis of chiral amino-alcohols by coupling transketolase and transaminase-catalyzed reactions in a cascading continuous-flow microreactor system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:586-596. [PMID: 28986983 PMCID: PMC5813273 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid biocatalytic process development and intensification continues to be challenging with currently available methods. Chiral amino‐alcohols are of particular interest as they represent key industrial synthons for the production of complex molecules and optically pure pharmaceuticals. (2S,3R)‐2‐amino‐1,3,4‐butanetriol (ABT), a building block for the synthesis of protease inhibitors and detoxifying agents, can be synthesized from simple, non‐chiral starting materials, by coupling a transketolase‐ and a transaminase‐catalyzed reaction. However, until today, full conversion has not been shown and, typically, long reaction times are reported, making process modifications and improvement challenging. In this contribution, we present a novel microreactor‐based approach based on free enzymes, and we report for the first time full conversion of ABT in a coupled enzyme cascade for both batch and continuous‐flow systems. Using the compartmentalization of the reactions afforded by the microreactor cascade, we overcame inhibitory effects, increased the activity per unit volume, and optimized individual reaction conditions. The transketolase‐catalyzed reaction was completed in under 10 min with a volumetric activity of 3.25 U ml−1. Following optimization of the transaminase‐catalyzed reaction, a volumetric activity of 10.8 U ml−1 was attained which led to full conversion of the coupled reaction in 2 hr. The presented approach illustrates how continuous‐flow microreactors can be applied for the design and optimization of biocatalytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco P C Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cárdenas-Fernández M, Bawn M, Hamley-Bennett C, Bharat PKV, Subrizi F, Suhaili N, Ward DP, Bourdin S, Dalby PA, Hailes HC, Hewitson P, Ignatova S, Kontoravdi C, Leak DJ, Shah N, Sheppard TD, Ward JM, Lye GJ. An integrated biorefinery concept for conversion of sugar beet pulp into value-added chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. Faraday Discuss 2017; 202:415-431. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 8 million tonnes of sugar beet are grown annually in the UK. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is the main by-product of sugar beet processing which is currently dried and sold as a low value animal feed. SBP is a rich source of carbohydrates, mainly in the form of cellulose and pectin, including d-glucose (Glu), l-arabinose (Ara) and d-galacturonic acid (GalAc). This work describes the technical feasibility of an integrated biorefinery concept for the fractionation of SBP and conversion of these monosaccharides into value-added products. SBP fractionation is initially carried out by steam explosion under mild conditions to yield soluble pectin and insoluble cellulose fractions. The cellulose is readily hydrolysed by cellulases to release Glu that can then be fermented by a commercial yeast strain to produce bioethanol at a high yield. The pectin fraction can be either fully hydrolysed, using physico-chemical methods, or selectively hydrolysed, using cloned arabinases and galacturonases, to yield Ara-rich and GalAc-rich streams. These monomers can be separated using either Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) or ultrafiltration into streams suitable for subsequent enzymatic upgrading. Building on our previous experience with transketolase (TK) and transaminase (TAm) enzymes, the conversion of Ara and GalAc into higher value products was explored. In particular the conversion of Ara into l-gluco-heptulose (GluHep), that has potential therapeutic applications in hypoglycaemia and cancer, using a mutant TK is described. Preliminary studies with TAm also suggest GluHep can be selectively aminated to the corresponding chiral aminopolyol. The current work is addressing the upgrading of the remaining SBP monomer, GalAc, and the modelling of the biorefinery concept to enable economic and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA).
Collapse
|
15
|
Subrizi F, Crucianelli M, Grossi V, Passacantando M, Botta G, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Versatile and Efficient Immobilization of 2-Deoxyribose-5-phosphate Aldolase (DERA) on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Giorgia Botta
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department
of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale
Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arioli F, Pérez M, Subrizi F, Llor N, Bosch J, Amat M. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Putative Structure of Nitraraine. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7740-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5013543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arioli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Llor
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bosch
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Amat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Subrizi F, Crucianelli M, Grossi V, Passacantando M, Pesci L, Saladino R. Carbon Nanotubes as Activating Tyrosinase Supports for the Selective Synthesis of Catechols. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pesci
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amat M, Llor N, Subrizi F, Pérez M, Molins E, Bosch J. Studies on the Regioselectivity of the Cyclization of Tryptophanol-Derived Oxazolopiperidone Lactams. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Amat M, Subrizi F, Elias V, Llor N, Molins E, Bosch J. Stereoselective Synthesis ofcis-1,3-Dimethyltetrahydroisoquinolines: Formal Synthesis of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Amat M, Subrizi F, Elias V, Llor N, Molins E, Bosch J. Cyclocondensation Reactions between 2-Acyl-3-indoleacetic Acid Derivatives and Phenylglycinol: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carboline Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
D’Acquarica I, Cerreto A, Delle Monache G, Subrizi F, Boffi A, Tafi A, Forli S, Botta B. N-Linked Peptidoresorc[4]arene-Based Receptors as Noncompetitive Inhibitors for α-Chymotrypsin. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4396-407. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Tafi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Forli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Amat M, Elias V, Llor N, Subrizi F, Molins E, Bosch J. A General Methodology for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Amat M, Kövér A, Jokic D, Lozano O, Pérez M, Landoni N, Subrizi F, Bautista J, Bosch J. Synthesis of a tetrahydroimidazo- [2’,1’:2,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine derivative with Met inhibitory activity. ARKIVOC 2009. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0011.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
24
|
Speranza M, Gasparrini F, Botta B, Villani C, Subissati D, Fraschetti C, Subrizi F. Gas-phase enantioselective reactions in noncovalent ion-molecule complexes. Chirality 2009; 21:69-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Botta B, Zappia G, Pierini M, Monache G, Subissati D, Subrizi F. Synthesis of Amino and Ammonium Resorcin[4]arenes as Potential Receptors. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|