51
|
Ullah M, Qian NPM, Yannarelli G. Advances in innovative exosome-technology for real time monitoring of viable drugs in clinical translation, prognosis and treatment response. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1029-1031. [PMID: 34084276 PMCID: PMC8169069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
52
|
Pillalamarri N, Abdullah, Ren G, Khan L, Ullah A, Jonnakuti S, Ullah M. Exploring the utility of extracellular vesicles in ameliorating viral infection-associated inflammation, cytokine storm and tissue damage. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101095. [PMID: 33887552 PMCID: PMC8053440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential mediators of intercellular communication. EVs are nano-sized, lipid membrane-bound vesicles that contains biological information in the form of proteins, metabolites and/or nucleic acids. EVs are key regulators of tissue repair mechanisms, such as in the context of lung injuries. Recent studies suggest that EVs have the ability to repair COVID19-associated acute lung damage. EVs hold great promise for therapeutic treatments, particularly in treating a potentially fatal autoimmune response and attenuate inflammation. They are known to boost lung immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including viral infection. EV-based immunization technology has been proven to elicit robust immune responses in many models of infectious disease, including COVID-19. The field of EV research has tremendous potential in advancing our understanding about viral infection pathogenesis, and can be translated into anti-viral therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavalli Pillalamarri
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Abdullah
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, United States
| | - Gang Ren
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Luqman Khan
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Asad Ullah
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Sriya Jonnakuti
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ullah M, Kodam SP, Mu Q, Akbar A. Microbubbles versus Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Cargo for Targeting Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3612-3620. [PMID: 33666429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microbubbles are nanoparticles in drug-delivery systems that are both considered important for clinical translation. Current research has found that both microbubbles and EVs have the potential to be utilized as drug-delivery agents for therapeutic targets in various diseases. In combination with EVs, microbubbles are capable of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor sites and neighboring sites of damaged tissues. However, there are no standards to evaluate or to compare the benefits of EVs (natural carrier) versus microbubbles (synthetic carrier) as drug carriers. Both drug carriers are being investigated for release patterns and for pharmacokinetics; however, few researchers have focused on their targeted delivery or efficacy. In this Perspective, we compare EVs and microbubbles for a better understanding of their utility in terms of delivering drugs to their site of action and future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sai Priyanka Kodam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Asma Akbar
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Lorico A, Lorico-Rappa M, Karbanová J, Corbeil D, Pizzorno G. CD9, a tetraspanin target for cancer therapy? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1121-1138. [PMID: 33601913 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220981855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present minireview, we intend to provide a brief history of the field of CD9 involvement in oncogenesis and in the metastatic process of cancer, considering its potential value as a tumor-associated antigenic target. Over the years, CD9 has been identified as a favorable prognostic marker or predictor of metastatic potential depending on the cancer type. To understand its implications in cancer beside its use as an antigenic biomarker, it is essential to know its physiological functions, including its molecular partners in a given cell system. Moreover, the discovery that CD9 is one of the most specific and broadly expressed markers of extracellular membrane vesicles, nanometer-sized entities that are released into extracellular space and various physiological body fluids and play a role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions, notably the establishment of cancer metastases, has added a new dimension to our knowledge of CD9 function in cancer. Here, we will discuss these issues as well as the possible cancer therapeutic implications of CD9, their limitations, and pitfalls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Lorico
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | | | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Pizzorno
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN 37403 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, Kumar DN, Ching SM, Low TY, Md Noh MF, Pung YF. Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1486-H1497. [PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devaraj Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Chen K, Wang S, Sun QW, Zhang B, Ullah M, Sun Z. Klotho Deficiency Causes Heart Aging via Impairing the Nrf2-GR Pathway. Circ Res 2020; 128:492-507. [PMID: 33334122 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac aging is an important contributing factor for heart failure, which affects a large population but remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in cardiac aging. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart function declined in old mice (24 months), as evidenced by decreases in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Heart size and weight, cardiomyocyte size, and cardiac fibrosis were increased in old mice, indicating that aging causes cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Circulating Klotho levels were dramatically decreased in old mice, which prompted us to investigate whether the Klotho decline may cause heart aging. We found that Klotho gene mutation (KL-/-) largely decreased serum klotho levels and impaired heart function. Interestingly, supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho prevented heart failure, hypertrophy, and remodeling in both old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Secreted Klotho treatment inhibited excessive cardiac oxidative stress, senescence and apoptosis in old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Serum phosphate levels in KL (-/-) mice were kept in the normal range, suggesting that Klotho deficiency-induced heart aging is independent of phosphate metabolism. Mechanistically, Klotho deficiency suppressed GR (glutathione reductase) expression and activity in the heart via inhibition of transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2). Furthermore, cardiac-specific overexpression of GR prevented excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and heart failure in both old and KL (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Klotho deficiency causes cardiac aging via impairing the Nrf2-GR pathway. Supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aging-associated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Shirley Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Qiwei Wilton Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., S.W., Q.W.S., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (K.C., S.W., M.U., Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Martinez-Arroyo O, Ortega A, Redon J, Cortes R. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Hypertension-Associated Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2020; 77:28-38. [PMID: 33222549 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension-mediated organ damage frequently includes renal function decline in which several mechanisms are involved. The present review outlines the state of the art on extracellular vesicles in hypertension and hypertension-related renal damage. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles, small vesicles secreted by most cell types and body fluids, are involved in cell-to-cell communication and are key players mediating biological processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction or fibrosis, mechanisms present the onset and progression of hypertension-associated kidney disease. We address the potential use of extracellular vesicles as markers of hypertension-mediated kidney damage severity and their application as therapeutic agents in hypertension-associated renal damage. The capacity of exosomes to deliver a wide variety of cargos to the target cell efficiently makes them a potential drug delivery system for treatment of renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
| | - Ana Ortega
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
| | - Josep Redon
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.).,Internal Medicine, Clinic Universitary Hospital, Valencia, Spain (J.R.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Raquel Cortes
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|