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Jamalpour S, Zain SM, Vazifehmand R, Mohamed Z, Pung YF, Kamyab H, Omar SZ. Author Correction: Analysis of serum circulating MicroRNAs level in Malaysian patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5121. [PMID: 36991146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jamalpour
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reza Vazifehmand
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kevin-Tey WF, Wen WX, Bee PC, Eng HS, Ho KW, Tan SM, Anuar NA, Pung YF, Zain SM. KIR genotype and haplotype frequencies in the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:172-185. [PMID: 36517321 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotype and haplotype frequencies have been reported to vary distinctly between populations, which in turn contributes to variation in the alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) cells. Utilizing the diverse KIR genes to identify suitable transplant donors would prove challenging in multi-ethnic countries, even more in resource-limited countries where KIR genotyping has not been established. In this study, we determined the KIR genotypes from 124 unrelated Malaysians consisting of the Malays, Chinese, Indians, and aboriginal people through polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) genotyping and employing an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to assign haplotypes based on pre-established reference haplotypes. A total of 27 distinct KIR haplotypes were discerned with higher frequencies of haplotype A (55.2%) than haplotype B (44.8%). The most frequent haplotypes were cA01:tA01 (55.2%), cB01:tB01 (18.1%), and cB02:tA01 (13.3%), while the least frequent haplotypes were cB03:tB01 (1.2%), cB04:tB03 (0.4%), and cB03:tA01 (0.4%). Several haplotypes were identified to be unique to a specific ethnic group. The genotype with the highest frequency was genotype AB (71.8%), followed by AA (19.4%), and BB (8.9%). The Indians exhibited the lowest genotype AA but the highest genotype BB, whereas genotype BB was absent in the aboriginal people. Despite the limitations, the genotype and haplotypes in the Malaysian population were successfully highlighted. The identification of ethnic-specific KIR genotypes and haplotypes provides the first step to utilizing KIR in identifying suitable transplant donors to further improve the transplant outcome in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fei Kevin-Tey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Xiong Wen
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Chong Bee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Sian Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wah Ho
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sen Mui Tan
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adila Anuar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Tan PPS, Sandhu RS, Zain SM, Hall D, Tan NC, Lim HM, Daud F, Pung YF. Health motivations and perceived barriers are determinants of self-care behaviour for the prevention of hypertension in a Malaysian community. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278761. [PMID: 36477162 PMCID: PMC9728916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-care behaviour is fundamental in preventing hypertension in the general population. According to the Health Belief Model, health beliefs and perceptions influence the success in adopting disease prevention strategies. While factors influencing hypertension self-care behaviour have been examined previously in patient populations, they have not been assessed in the general community. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 12 June 2020 to 26 July 2021. An online survey was administered via email and social media to Malaysians in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur communities. Respondents were over 18 years old, without a formal diagnosis of hypertension. The survey evaluated hypertension knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, self-care behaviour frequency, and motivators and barriers to self-care behaviour. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the main predictors of self-care behaviour, and descriptive statistics were used to characterise motivators and barriers of each self-care behaviour. RESULTS Only health motivations (β = 0.217, p < 0.001) and perceived barriers (β = 0.571, p < 0.001) significantly influenced self-care behaviour. Maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity and blood pressure checks need to be improved in the community, particularly in reducing salt and calorie intake. Lack of time, limited choices and laziness are the biggest challenges that need to be tackled in adopting a healthy diet and an active lifestyle in the community. Many are ignorant towards their health status, therefore, do not prioritize blood pressure screenings, suggesting a need to enhance community blood pressure checks for early diagnosis of hypertension. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Motivations and barriers were the main determinants of self-care behaviour in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur community. Targeting these aspects of self-care behaviour should be considered when developing interventions and education programmes tailored to local cultural, environmental and personal factors, to more effectively reduce the hypertension prevalence and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ryand Singh Sandhu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- Department of Research, SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Daud
- Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Karissa P, Simpson T, Dawson SP, Low TY, Tay SH, Nordin FDA, Zain SM, Lee PY, Pung YF. Comparison Between Dichloroacetate and Phenylbutyrate Treatment for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10382. [PMID: 35996497 PMCID: PMC9302545 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is caused by a number of pathogenic variants and the most common are found in the PDHA1 gene. The PDHA1 gene encodes one of the subunits of the PDH enzyme found in a carbohydrate metabolism pathway involved in energy production. Pathogenic variants of PDHA1 gene usually impact the α-subunit of PDH causing energy reduction. It potentially leads to increased mortality in sufferers. Potential treatments for this disease include dichloroacetate and phenylbutyrate, previously used for other diseases such as cancer and maple syrup urine disease. However, not much is known about their efficacy in treating PDH deficiency. Effective treatment for PDH deficiency is crucial as carbohydrate is needed in a healthy diet and rice is the staple food for a large portion of the Asian population. This review analysed the efficacy of dichloroacetate and phenylbutyrate as potential treatments for PDH deficiency caused by PDHA1 pathogenic variants. Based on the findings of this review, dichloroacetate will have an effect on most PDHA1 pathogenic variant and can act as a temporary treatment to reduce the lactic acidosis, a common symptom of PDH deficiency. Phenylbutyrate can only be used on patients with certain pathogenic variants (p.P221L, p.R234G, p.G249R, p.R349C, p.R349H) on the PDH protein. It is hoped that the review would provide an insight into these treatments and improve the quality of lives for patients with PDH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Karissa
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Dawson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Hui Tay
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Nguyen DDN, Zain SM, Kamarulzaman MH, Low TY, Chilian WM, Pan Y, Ting KN, Hamid A, Abdul Kadir A, Pung YF. Intracellular and exosomal microRNAome profiling of human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H770-H783. [PMID: 34506226 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging is highly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although the senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well established as a major contributor to vascular aging, intracellular and exosomal microRNA (miRNA) signaling pathways in senescent VSMCs have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify the differential expression of intracellular and exosomal miRNA in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) during replicative senescence. To achieve this aim, intracellular and exosomal miRNAs were isolated from hVSMCs and subsequently subjected to whole genome small RNA next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analyses, and qPCR validation. Three significant findings were obtained. First, senescent hVSMC-derived exosomes tended to cluster together during replicative senescence and the molecular weight of the exosomal protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG-101) increased relative to the intracellular TSG-101, suggesting potential posttranslational modifications of exosomal TSG-101. Second, there was a significant decrease in both intracellular and exosomal hsa-miR-155-5p expression [n = 3, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05], potentially being a cell type-specific biomarker of hVSMCs during replicative senescence. Importantly, hsa-miR-155-5p was found to associate with cell-cycle arrest and elevated oxidative stress. Lastly, miRNAs from the intracellular pool, that is, hsa-miR-664a-3p, hsa-miR-664a-5p, hsa-miR-664b-3p, hsa-miR-4485-3p, hsa-miR-10527-5p, and hsa-miR-12136, and that from the exosomal pool, that is, hsa-miR-7704, were upregulated in hVSMCs during replicative senescence (n = 3, FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, these novel upregulated miRNAs were not functionally well annotated in hVSMCs to date. In conclusion, hVSMC-specific miRNA expression profiles during replicative senescence potentially provide valuable insights into the signaling pathways leading to vascular aging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on intracellular and exosomal miRNA profiling on human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence. Specific dysregulated sets of miRNAs were identified from human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hsa-miR-155-5p was significantly downregulated in both intracellular and exosomal hVSMCs, suggesting its crucial role in cellular senescence. Hsa-miR-155-5p might be the mediator in linking cellular senescence to vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Duong Ngoc Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yan Pan
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Hamid
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arifah Abdul Kadir
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Esa E, Hashim AK, Mohamed EHM, Zakaria Z, Abu Hassan AN, Mat Yusoff Y, Kamaluddin NR, Abdul Rahman AZ, Chang KM, Mohamed R, Subbiah I, Jamian E, Ho CSL, Lim SM, Lau PC, Pung YF, Zain SM. Construction of a microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in De Novo Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:199-210. [PMID: 33734890 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is well known. However, our understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in the cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) subtype pathway is still poor. The current study integrated miRNA and mRNA profiles to explore novel miRNA-mRNA interactions that affect the regulatory patterns of de novo CN-AML. Methods: We utilized a multiplexed nanoString nCounter platform to profile both miRNAs and mRNAs using similar sets of patient samples (n = 24). Correlations were assessed, and an miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. The underlying biological functions of the mRNAs were predicted by gene enrichment. Finally, the interacting pairs were assessed using TargetScan and microT-CDS. We identified 637 significant negative correlations (false discovery rate <0.05). Results: Network analysis revealed a cluster of 12 miRNAs representing the majority of mRNA targets. Within the cluster, five miRNAs (miR-495-3p, miR-185-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-409-3p, and miR-127-3p) were posited to play a pivotal role in the regulation of CN-AML, as they are associated with the negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation, negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation, and positive regulation of hematopoiesis. Conclusion: Three novel interactions in CN-AML were predicted as let-7i-5p:HOXA9, miR-495-3p:PIK3R1, and miR-495-3p:CDK6 may be responsible for regulating myeloid cell differentiation in CN-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezalia Esa
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alifah Nadia Abu Hassan
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuslina Mat Yusoff
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Rizan Kamaluddin
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdul Rahman
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kian-Meng Chang
- Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Pandan Mewah, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Mohamed
- Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Pandan Mewah, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - Indhira Subbiah
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Bangunan Induk, Jalan Persiaran Abu Bakar Sultan, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ehram Jamian
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Bangunan Induk, Jalan Persiaran Abu Bakar Sultan, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Siew-Ling Ho
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Bangunan Induk, Jalan Persiaran Abu Bakar Sultan, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Min Lim
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Bangunan Induk, Jalan Persiaran Abu Bakar Sultan, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Peng-Choon Lau
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cheng KJ, Mejia Mohammed EH, Khong TL, Mohd Zain S, Thavagnanam S, Ibrahim ZA. IL-1α and colorectal cancer pathogenesis: Enthralling candidate for anti-cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103398. [PMID: 34147647 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been well-established as a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is one of the primary inflammatory mediators driving the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated CRC. This systematic review presents the roles of IL-1α in the pathogenesis of the disease. Bibliographic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles that addresses the relationship between IL-1α and colorectal cancer. We highlighted various mechanisms by which IL-1α promotes the pathogenesis of CRC including enhancement of angiogenesis, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and inhibition of tumour suppressive genes. We also discussed the potential mechanisms by which IL-1α expression is induced or secreted in various studies. Beyond these, the systematic review also highlights several potential therapeutic strategies which should be further explored in the future; to target IL-1α and/or its associated pathways; paving our way in finding effective treatments for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tak Loon Khong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Surendran Thavagnanam
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, E1 1FR London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ting YW, Kong ASY, Zain SM, Chan WK, Tan HL, Mohamed Z, Pung YF, Mohamed R. Loss-of-function HSD17B13 variants, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and adverse liver outcomes: Results from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Clin Mol Hepatol 2021; 27:486-498. [PMID: 33618508 PMCID: PMC8273635 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) variants were recently reported to have significantly lower odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This is a two-part study that aimed to evaluate the association of HSD17B13 variants with NAFLD and its histological severity, and to identify the association of the variants with clinical outcomes in a cohort of biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. Methods Consecutive biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and controls without fatty liver were recruited for this study between 2009 and 2014. Genotyping for HSD17B13 variants was performed using rhAmp assays. A total of 165 patients with NAFLD were monitored up until August 2019. Clinical outcomes were recorded. Results HSD17B13 rs72613567 TA allele and rs6834314 G allele were associated with lower odds of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the overall cohort and among ethnic Chinese, but not among ethnic Malays or Indians (P<0.05). During a mean follow-up of 89 months, 32 patients (19.4%) experienced at least one clinical outcome (cardiovascular events, n=22; liver-related complications, n=6; extra-hepatic malignancy, n=5; and mortality, n=6). The rs72613567 homozygous TA allele and the rs6834314 homozygous G allele were independently associated with a lower incidence of liver-related complications (hazard ratio [HR], 0.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00–0.64; P=0.033 and HR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00–0.97; P=0.048, respectively) and were associated with lower grade of hepatocyte ballooning among the ethnic Chinese. Conclusion HSD17B13 rs72613567 and rs6834314 variants were inversely associated with NAFLD and NASH, and were associated with lower incidence of adverse liver outcomes in a cohort of multi-ethnic Asian patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Ting
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwa-Li Tan
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, Kumar DN, Ching SM, Low TY, Md Noh MF, Pung YF. Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1486-H1497. [PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devaraj Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nguyen DND, Chilian WM, Zain SM, Daud MF, Pung YF. MicroRNA regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells and its significance in cardiovascular diseases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:827-838. [PMID: 33529092 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), regulatory molecules that repress protein expression, have attracted considerable attention in CVD research. The vasculature plays a big role in CVD development and progression and dysregulation of vascular cells underlies the root of many vascular diseases. This review provides a brief introduction of the biogenesis of miRNAs and exosomes, followed by overview of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) intracellular signaling during phenotypic switching, senescence, calcification, and neointimal hyperplasia. Evidence of extracellular signaling of VSMCs and other cells via exosomal and circulating miRNAs is also presented. Lastly, current drawbacks and limitations of miRNA studies in CVD research and potential ways to overcome these disadvantages are discussed in detail. In-depth understanding of VSMC regulation via miRNAs will add substantial knowledge and advance research in diagnosis, disease progression, and (or) miRNA-derived therapeutic approaches in CVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Ngoc Diem Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH P.O. Box 95, USA
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fauzi Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Zain SM, Tan H, Mohamed Z, Chan W, Mahadeva S, Basu RC, Mohamed R. Use of simple scoring systems for a public health approach in the management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. JGH Open 2020; 4:1155-1161. [PMID: 33319051 PMCID: PMC7731808 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hwa‐Li Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wah‐Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Roma Choudhury Basu
- Clinical Investigation Centre University Malaya Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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12
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Tan HL, Zain SM, Eng HS, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Lau PC, Basu RC, Mohamed R. Allele HLA-DQB1*06 reduces fibrosis score in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:947-954. [PMID: 32410320 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions were highlighted as important genetic markers for various liver diseases by hepatology-related genome-wide association studies. Replication studies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited and none has investigated the association of HLA alleles with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other histological characteristics. In the current study, we examined the association of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles with NAFLD spectrum and its histological characteristics. METHODS Consecutive biopsy-proven NAFLD patients (n = 191) and healthy controls (n = 188) were enrolled and genotyped for HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles using the sequence-specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS No association was found between the HLA alleles and NAFLD or NASH in a case-control setting. Nevertheless, among NAFLD patients, the frequency of HLA-DQB1*06 allele was significantly the lowest in NASH with significant fibrosis (10.4%) and approximately similar for NASH without significant fibrosis (22.9%) and NAFL (22.5%) (P = 0.004). It is noteworthy that the association remains significant after correction for multiple comparisons (Pc = 0.04). Multivariate analysis revealed that HLA-DQB1*06 allele is also associated with fibrosis score (P = 0.001); the result remains significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HLA-DQB1*06 is associated with lower fibrosis score in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Li Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Sian Eng
- Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peng-Choong Lau
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roma Choudhury Basu
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sivapalan V, Mohd Zain S, Jin S, Chan SL, Liu J, Mohamed Z, Mohamed R. Impact of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Gene Variant on Risk of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug- Induced Liver Injury in the Malaysian Population. SAINS MALAYS 2020. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2020-4902-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chumnumwat S, Lu ZH, Sukasem C, Winther MD, Capule FR, Abdul Hamid AAAT, Bhandari B, Chaikledkaew U, Chanhom N, Chantarangsu S, Charoenyingwattana A, Hang TT, Hlaing TM, Htun KS, Jittikoon J, Le L, Mahasirimongkol S, Mohamed Noor DA, Shrestha J, Suwannoi L, Tragulpiankit P, Turongkaravee S, Wattanapokayakit S, Xangsayarath P, Yuliwulandari R, Zain SM, Chantratita W. Southeast Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network (SEAPharm): Current Status and Perspectives. Public Health Genomics 2019; 22:132-139. [PMID: 31587001 DOI: 10.1159/000502916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is increasingly being recognized as a potential tool for improving the efficacy and safety of drug therapy. Therefore, several efforts have been undertaken globally to facilitate the implementation process of PGx into routine clinical practice. Part of these efforts include the formation of PGx working groups working on PGx research, synthesis, and dissemination of PGx data and creation of PGx implementation strategies. In Asia, the Southeast Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network (SEAPharm) is established to enable and strengthen PGx research among the various PGx communities within but not limited to countries in SEA; with the ultimate goal to support PGx implementation in the region. From the perspective of SEAPharm member countries, there are several key elements essential for PGx implementation at the national level. They include pharmacovigilance database, PGx research, health economics research, dedicated laboratory to support PGx testing for both research and clinical use, structured PGx education, and supportive national health policy. The status of these essential elements is presented here to provide a broad picture of the readiness for PGx implementation among the SEAPharm member countries, and to strengthen the PGx research network and practice in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatat Chumnumwat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zen Huat Lu
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael David Winther
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis R Capule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Bibek Bhandari
- Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Chanhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soranun Chantarangsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Charoenyingwattana
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tong Thi Hang
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tin Maung Hlaing
- Defence Services Medical Research Centre (DSMRC), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar/Burma
| | - Kyaw Soe Htun
- Defence Services Medical Research Centre (DSMRC), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar/Burma
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ly Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Center, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Shrestha
- Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lakkana Suwannoi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sukanya Wattanapokayakit
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Center, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Rika Yuliwulandari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
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Islam M, Mohamed EH, Esa E, Kamaluddin NR, Zain SM, Yusoff Y, Assenov Y, Mohamed Z, Zakaria Z. Abstract B86: Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and small molecules follow distinct expression patterns in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm17-b86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a complex interplay of genetic and/or cytogenetic alterations in hematopoietic progenitors, together with aberrant cytokines, chemokines, and small molecules (analytes) expression in the tumor microenvironment, contribute to AML pathogenesis. Although deregulated analytes are well documented in AML, their co-expression patterns are not yet identified. The baseline of circulating analytes in AML is found to be significantly variable between studies. Also, plasma baselines for some analytes that are biomarkers for other cancers have not been previously reported in AML. We hypothesized that comprehensive profiling of plasma analytes would provide greater insight of baselines variability and co-expression signature compared with individual analyses, potentially leading to the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AML. Two sets of analytes were selected for this study: (i) 22 reported-analytes (baselines have been previously reported in AML) and (ii) 10 novel-analytes (baselines have not been previously reported in AML). We used multiplex array technology to simultaneously detect and quantify 32 plasma analytes levels in 38 patients (cases= 19, controls=19). We observed that baseline expression ranges are higher for three analytes (FGF2, MPO, and sFas) and lower for two analytes (SCF and sFasL) compared to previously published reports. In our study, 16 analytes are found to be significantly deregulated (13 higher, 3 lower, Mann-Whitney U-test, p-value <0.005) where 5 of them have never been reported before in AML. We predicted a 7-analytes containing multiplex panel (Cathepsin D, Ferritin, MIF, Galectin-3, HGF, MPO, and IL8) for diagnosis of AML, among them, MIF could be a possible therapeutic target. In addition, we observed that circulating analytes show co-expression signatures, that lead us to speculate that expression signatures have the potential to be used for subclassification of AML, complementing cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic information. In conclusion, circulating analytes expression in AML differs from normal, and follow distinct expression patterns.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Mirazul Islam, Elsa Haniffah Mohamed, Ezalia Esa, Nor Rizan Kamaluddin, Shamsul Mohd Zain, Yuslina Yusoff, Yassen Assenov, Zahurin Mohamed, Zubaidah Zakaria. Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and small molecules follow distinct expression patterns in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B86.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ezalia Esa
- 3Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | | | | | - Yuslina Yusoff
- 3Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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16
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Islam M, Mohamed EH, Esa E, Kamaluddin NR, Zain SM, Yusoff YM, Assenov Y, Mohamed Z, Zakaria Z. Circulating cytokines and small molecules follow distinct expression patterns in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1551-1556. [PMID: 28898234 PMCID: PMC5680464 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although aberrant expression of cytokines and small molecules (analytes) is well documented in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), their co-expression patterns are not yet identified. In addition, plasma baselines for some analytes that are biomarkers for other cancers have not been previously reported in AML. Methods: We used multiplex array technology to simultaneously detect and quantify 32 plasma analyte (22 reported analytes and 10 novel analytes) levels in 38 patients. Results: In our study, 16 analytes are found to be significantly deregulated (13 higher, 3 lower, Mann–Whitney U-test, P-value <0.005), where 5 of them have never been reported before in AML. We predicted a seven-analyte-containing multiplex panel for diagnosis of AML and, among them, MIF could be a possible therapeutic target. In addition, we observed that circulating analytes show five co-expression signatures. Conclusions: Circulating analyte expression in AML significantly differs from normal, and follow distinct expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazul Islam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Elsa Haniffah Mohamed
- Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ezalia Esa
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Nor Rizan Kamaluddin
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yuslina Mat Yusoff
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Computational Epigenomics Group, Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factor, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
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Poniah P, Mohd Zain S, Abdul Razack AH, Kuppusamy S, Karuppayah S, Sian Eng H, Mohamed Z. Genome-wide copy number analysis reveals candidate gene loci that confer susceptibility to high-grade prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:545.e1-545.e11. [PMID: 28527622 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two key issues in prostate cancer (PCa) that demand attention currently are the need for a more precise and minimally invasive screening test owing to the inaccuracy of prostate-specific antigen and differential diagnosis to distinguish advanced vs. indolent cancers. This continues to pose a tremendous challenge in diagnosis and prognosis of PCa and could potentially lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment complications. Copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome have been linked to various carcinomas including PCa. Detection of these variants may improve clinical treatment as well as an understanding of the pathobiology underlying this complex disease. METHODS To this end, we undertook a pilot genome-wide CNV analysis approach in 36 subjects (18 patients with high-grade PCa and 18 controls that were matched by age and ethnicity) in search of more accurate biomarkers that could potentially explain susceptibility toward high-grade PCa. We conducted this study using the array comparative genomic hybridization technique. Array results were validated in 92 independent samples (46 high-grade PCa, 23 benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 23 healthy controls) using polymerase chain reaction-based copy number counting method. RESULTS A total of 314 CNV regions were found to be unique to PCa subjects in this cohort (P<0.05). A log2 ratio-based copy number analysis revealed 5 putative rare or novel CNV loci or both associated with susceptibility to PCa. The CNV gain regions were 1q21.3, 15q15, 7p12.1, and a novel CNV in PCa 12q23.1, harboring ARNT, THBS1, SLC5A8, and DDC genes that are crucial in the p53 and cancer pathways. A CNV loss and deletion event was observed at 8p11.21, which contains the SFRP1 gene from the Wnt signaling pathway. Cross-comparison analysis with genes associated to PCa revealed significant CNVs involved in biological processes that elicit cancer pathogenesis via cytokine production and endothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we postulated that the CNVs identified in this study could provide an insight into the development of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prevathe Poniah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shanggar Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shankar Karuppayah
- National Advanced IPv6 Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Sian Eng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Nazree NE, Mohamed Z, Reynolds GP, Mohd Zain S, Masiran R, Sidi H, Chong LA, Hway AY, Adlan AS, Zainal NZ. Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor valine to methionine polymorphism with sexual dysfunction following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in female patients with major depressive disorder. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2016; 8:260-268. [PMID: 27787964 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) treatment gives negative impacts on patients' quality of life and causes treatment discontinuation. We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of identified candidate gene is associated with FSD in our study population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 95 female patients with MDD who met the criteria of the study were recruited and were specifically assessed on the sexual function by trained psychiatrists. Patients' DNA was genotyped for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The prevalence of FSD in this study is 31.6%. In the FSD group, patients with problematic marriage were significantly more frequent compared with patients who did not have problematic marriage (P = 0.009). Significant association was detected in the lubrication domain with BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (P = 0.030) using additive genetic model, with even stronger association when using the recessive model (P = 0.013). DISCUSSION This study suggested that there was no significant association between BDNF Val66Met with FSD. However, this polymorphism is significantly associated with lubrication disorder in patients treated with SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Elia Nazree
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruziana Masiran
- Department of Psychiatry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lu Ann Chong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee Hway
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aida Syarinaz Adlan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Zuraida Zainal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lim CH, Zainal NZ, Kanagasundram S, Zain SM, Mohamed Z. Preliminary examination of microRNA expression profiling in bipolar disorder I patients during antipsychotic treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:867-74. [PMID: 27177356 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although major progress has been achieved in research and development of antipsychotic medications for bipolar disorder (BPD), knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder and the action of atypical antipsychotics remains incomplete. The levels of microRNAs (miRNAs)-small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, including genes involved in neuronal function and plasticity-are frequently altered in psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine changes in miRNA expression in bipolar mania patients after treatment with asenapine and risperidone. Using a miRNA microarray, we analyzed miRNA expression in the blood of 10 bipolar mania patients following 12 weeks of treatment with asenapine or risperidone. Selected miRNAs were validated by using real-time PCR. A total of 16 miRNAs were differentially expressed after treatment in the asenapine group, 14 of which were significantly upregulated and the other two significantly downregulated. However, all three differentially expressed miRNAs in the risperidone group were downregulated. MiRNA target gene prediction and gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment for pathways associated with immune system response and regulation of programmed cell death and transcription. Our results suggest that candidate miRNAs may be involved in the mechanism of action of both antipsychotics in bipolar mania. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Hong Lim
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Zuraida Zainal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Kanagasundram
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Joyce-Tan SM, Zain SM, Abdul Sattar MZ, Abdullah NA. Renin-Angiotensin System Gene Variants and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Influence of Angiotensinogen. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2161376. [PMID: 26682227 PMCID: PMC4670722 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2161376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successfully used to call for variants associated with diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some variants are not included in the GWAS to avoid penalty in multiple hypothetic testing. Thus, candidate gene approach is still useful even at GWAS era. This study attempted to assess whether genetic variations in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and their gene interactions are associated with T2DM risk. We genotyped 290 T2DM patients and 267 controls using three genes of the RAS, namely, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). There were significant differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls for AGT variants (P = 0.05) but not for ACE and AGTR1. Haplotype TCG of the AGT was associated with increased risk of T2DM (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15-3.20, permuted P = 0.012); however, no evidence of significant gene-gene interactions was seen. Nonetheless, our analysis revealed that the associations of the AGT variants with T2DM were independently associated. Thus, this study suggests that genetic variants of the RAS can modestly influence the T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mei Joyce-Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Nor Azizan Abdullah:
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Poniah P, Mohamed Z, Apalasamy YD, Mohd Zain S, Kuppusamy S, Razack AHA. Genetic polymorphisms in the androgen metabolism pathway and risk of prostate cancer in low incidence Malaysian ethnic groups. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19232-19240. [PMID: 26770559 PMCID: PMC4694459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are involved in prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth. Genes involved in androgen metabolism mediate key steps in sex steroid metabolism. This study attempted to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the androgen metabolism pathway are associated with PCa risk in low incidence Asian ethnic groups. We genotyped 172 Malaysian subjects for cytochrome P450 family 17 (CYP17A1), steroid-5-alpha-reductase, polypeptide 1 and 2 (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes of the androgen metabolism pathway and assessed the testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and IGF-1 levels. SNPs in the CYP17A1, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and IGF-1 genes were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although we did not find significant association between SNPs analysed in this study with PCa risk, we observed however, significant association between androgen levels and the IGF-1 and several SNPs. Men carrying the GG genotype for SNP rs1004467 (CYP17A1) had significantly elevated testosterone (P = 0.012) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels (P = 0.024) as compared to carriers of the A allele. The rs518673 of the SRD5A1 was associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Our findings suggest CYP17A1 rs1004467 SNP is associated with testosterone and DHT levels indicating the importance of this gene in influencing androgen levels in the circulatory system of PCa patients, hence could be used as a potential marker in PCa assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prevathe Poniah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yamunah Devi Apalasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shanggar Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Azad HA Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Pirmohamed M, Tan HL, Alshawsh MA, Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Mustapha NRN, Mohamed R. Copy number variation in exportin-4 (XPO4) gene and its association with histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13306. [PMID: 26293807 PMCID: PMC4543956 DOI: 10.1038/srep13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide copy number (CNV) scan identified a 13q12.11 duplication in the exportin-4 (XPO4) gene to be associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We sought to confirm the finding in a larger cohort and to assess the serum XPO4 pattern in a broad spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases. We analysed 249 NAFLD patients and 232 matched controls using TaqMan assay and serum XPO4 was measured. Copy number distribution was as follows: copy number neutral (NAFLD: 53.8%, controls: 68.6%), copy number losses (NAFLD: 13.3%, controls: 12.9%), copy number gains (NAFLD: 32.9%, controls: 18.5%). CNV gain was significantly associated with a greater risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.42–3.46, P = 0.0004) and NASH (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.47–3.68, P = 0.0003). Interestingly, subjects carrying extra copy number showed significantly higher serum ALT and triglyceride (P < 0.05). Serum XPO4 levels progressively declined (P = 0.043) from controls (24.6 ng/mL) to simple steatosis (20.8 ng/mL) to NASH (13.8 ng/mL). In conclusion, XPO4 CNV duplication was associated with histological severity of NAFLD, and accompanied by changes in serum XPO4 levels providing insights into NAFLD pathogenesis, and has the potential for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hwa Li Tan
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mohamed R. Common variant in the glucokinase regulatory gene rs780094 and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:21-7. [PMID: 25167786 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although studies have suggested that rs780094, a common variant in the glucokinase regulatory (GCKR) gene to be associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and their related traits, the genetic basis of the association between GCKR rs780094 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still being examined. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect strength caused by GCKR rs780094 on NAFLD. METHODS We searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for relevant articles published up to April 2014. Data were extracted, and summary estimates of the association between GCKR rs780094 and NAFLD were examined. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also examined. RESULTS This meta-analysis incorporated a total of 2091 NAFLD cases and 3003 controls from five studies. Overall, the pooled result indicated that the GCKR rs780094 was significantly associated with increased risk of NAFLD (additive: odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.36, P < 0.00001). Analysis also revealed significant associations with different alternative genetic models for the inheritance: dominant, recessive, and homozygote (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.23-1.61, P < 0.00001; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.91, P = 0.001, and; (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.47, P = 0.001, respectively), but not the heterozygote model. Population subgroup analysis demonstrated similar effect size in both Asians and non-Asians (OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.12-1.45, P = 0.0003 and OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.10-1.37, P = 0.0003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provides evidence of significant association between GCKR rs780094 and risk of NAFLD. Similar effect size was demonstrated in both Asian and non-Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Suthandiram S, Gan GG, Mohd Zain S, Bee PC, Lian LH, Chang KM, Ong TC, Mohamed Z. Genetic polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolism pathway genes and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1819-34. [PMID: 25384508 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corroborating evidence related to the role of aberrations on one-carbon metabolism (OCM) genes has been inconsistent. We evaluated the association between polymorphisms in 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 OCM genes (CBS, FPGS, FTHFD, MTRR, SHMT1, SLC19A1, TCN1, and TYMS), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in a multi-ethnic population which includes Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic subgroups. Cases (N = 372) and controls (N = 722) were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Our results of the pooled subjects showed a significantly enhanced NHL risk for CBS Ex9 + 33C > T (T versus C: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22-1.96, P = 0.0003), CBS Ex18-319G > A (A versus G: OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.14-1.83; P = 0.002), SHMT1 Ex12 + 236 T > C (T versus C: OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15-1.81, P = 0.002), and TYMS Ex8 + 157C > T (T versus C: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.57, P = 0.01). Haplotype analysis for CBS SNPs showed a significantly decreased risk of NHL in subjects with haplotype CG (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.86, P = <0.001). The GG haplotype for the FTHFD SNPs showed a significant increased risk of NHL (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.76, P = 0.002). For the TYMS gene, haplotype CAT at TYMS (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.90, P = 0.007) was associated with decreased risk of NHL, while haplotype TAC (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, P = 0.01) was found to confer increased risk of NHL. Our study suggests that variation in several OCM genes (CBS, FTHFD, SHMT1, TCN1, and TYMS) may influence susceptibility to NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Suthandiram
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Lim CH, Zain SM, Reynolds GP, Zain MA, Roffeei SN, Zainal NZ, Kanagasundram S, Mohamed Z. Genetic association of LMAN2L gene in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and its interaction with ANK3 gene polymorphism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:157-62. [PMID: 24914473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SZ) share some common genetic risk factors. This study aimed to examine the association between candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and risk of BPD and SZ. A total of 715 patients (244 BPD and 471 SZ) and 593 controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. We showed a positive association between LMAN2L (rs6746896) and risk of both BPD and SZ in a pooled population (P-value=0.001 and 0.009, respectively). Following stratification by ethnicity, variants of the ANK3 gene (rs1938516 and rs10994336) were found to be associated with BPD in Malays (P-value=0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, an association exists between another variant of LMAN2L (rs2271893) and SZ in the Malay and Indian ethnic groups (P-value=0.003 and 0.002, respectively). Gene-gene interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between the ANK3 and LMAN2L genes (empirical P=0.0107). Significant differences were shown between patients and controls for two haplotype frequencies of LMAN2L: GA (P=0.015 and P=0.010, for BPD and SZ, respectively) and GG (P=0.013 for BPD). Our study showed a significant association between LMAN2L and risk of both BPD and SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Hong Lim
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S11WB, UK
| | - Mohd Aizat Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norsyuhada Roffeei
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Zuraida Zainal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Kanagasundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Suthandiram S, Gan GG, Zain SM, Bee PC, Lian LH, Chang KM, Ong TC, Mohamed Z. Effect of polymorphisms within methotrexate pathway genes on methotrexate toxicity and plasma levels in adults with hematological malignancies. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:1479-94. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Pharmacogenetics of methotrexate (MTX) contributes to interindividual differences in toxicity. We aimed to evaluate the impact of SNPs within the MTX pathway genes on MTX-induced toxicity and MTX plasma levels at 48 h following treatment in Asian adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients & methods: Patients (n = 71) were genotyped for MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, SLC19A1 G80A, ABCG2 C421A and ABCB1 C3435T using the Sequenom MassARRAY® platform. Plasma MTX concentrations at 48 h were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Results: Forty-eight patients had hematopoietic toxicity, 51 had hepatic toxicity and 36 had mucositis. Patients homozygous for MTHFR 677TT were associated with increased risk of both hematopoietic (odds ratio [OR]: 9.03; 95% CI: 2.28–36.16; p = 0.002) and hepatic (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.01–15.11; p = 0.036) toxicities. Hepatic toxicity was associated with SLC19A1 G80A (OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.21–22.72; p = 0.032) and ABCB1 C3435T (OR: 8.62; 95% CI: 1.96–37.57; p = 0.004). However, polymorphisms in MTHFR A1298C and ABCG2 C421A were not associated with any of the toxicities, and mucositis was not associated with any polymorphisms of the MTX pathway genes. Patients with MTHFR C677T and ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms appear to have significantly higher MTX plasma concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results in Asian adults provides evidence for the contribution pharmacogenetics to the toxicity of high-dose MTX and plasma MTX concentrations at 48 h following treatment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These results will contribute towards the effort of MTX therapy individualization. Original submitted 24 April 2014; Revision submitted 6 June 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Suthandiram
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gin-Gin Gan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chong Bee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hoong Lian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kian-Meng Chang
- Department of Hematology, Ampang Hospital, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tee-Chuan Ong
- Department of Hematology, Ampang Hospital, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zain SM, Mohamed R, Cooper DN, Razali R, Rampal S, Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Anwar A, Rosli NSM, Mahfudz AS, Cheah PL, Basu RC, Mohamed Z. Genome-wide analysis of copy number variation identifies candidate gene loci associated with the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95604. [PMID: 24743702 PMCID: PMC3990722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 10 and 25% of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develop hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate the molecular basis of disease progression, we performed a genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) in a total of 49 patients with NAFLD [10 simple steatosis and 39 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)] and 49 matched controls using high-density comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays. A total of 11 CNVs were found to be unique to individuals with simple steatosis, whilst 22 were common between simple steatosis and NASH, and 224 were unique to NASH. We postulated that these CNVs could be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD progression. After stringent filtering, we identified four rare and/or novel CNVs that may influence the pathogenesis of NASH. Two of these CNVs, located at 13q12.11 and 12q13.2 respectively, harbour the exportin 4 (XPO4) and phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) genes which are already known to be involved in the etiology of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Cross-comparison of the genes located at these four CNV loci with genes already known to be associated with NAFLD yielded a set of genes associated with shared biological processes including cell death, the key process involved in 'second hit' hepatic injury. To our knowledge, this pilot study is the first to provide CNV information of potential relevance to the NAFLD spectrum. These data could prove invaluable in predicting patients at risk of developing NAFLD and more importantly, those who will subsequently progress to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SMZ); (RM)
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SMZ); (RM)
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Reseach Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Reseach Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anis Shafina Mahfudz
- Medical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roma Choudhury Basu
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Suthandiram S, Gan GG, Zain SM, Haerian BS, Bee PC, Lian LH, Chang KM, Ong TC, Mohamed Z. Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a multi-ethnic population. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:280-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Cheah PL, Rampal S, Chin KF, Mahfudz AS, Basu RC, Tan HL, Mohamed R. Impact of leptin receptor gene variants on risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its interaction with adiponutrin gene. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:873-9. [PMID: 23278404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Genetic polymorphism has been implicated as a factor for the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study attempted to assess whether polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and its combined effect with patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3/adiponutrin) are associated with risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD and 198 controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS We observed a significant association between the LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with susceptibility to NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.28, P = 0.003; and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34, P = 0.013, respectively) and to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05-2.12, P = 0.026; and OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.35, P = 0.029, respectively). The LEPR rs1137100 is also associated with simple steatosis (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27-4.08, P = 0.006). Analysis of gene-gene interaction revealed a strong interaction between the LEPR and PNPLA3 genes (empirical P = 0.001). The joint effect of LEPR and PNPLA3 greatly exacerbated the risk of NAFLD (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.84-7.55, P < 0.0001). The G allele of rs1137100 is associated with lower fibrosis score (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report an association between variants of LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with risk of NAFLD. This study suggests that rs1137100, specifically the G allele, is associated with a less severe form of liver disease in patients with NAFLD. The interaction between LEPR and PNPLA3 genes showed increased risk of NAFLD compared to either gene alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lye SH, Chahil JK, Bagali P, Alex L, Vadivelu J, Ahmad WAW, Chan SP, Thong MK, Zain SM, Mohamed R. Genetic polymorphisms in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and other lipid related genes associated with familial hypercholesterolemia in Malaysia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60729. [PMID: 23593297 PMCID: PMC3620484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevations in total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Development of FH can result in the increase of risk for premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). FH is primarily caused by genetic variations in Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B (APOB) or Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Although FH has been extensively studied in the Caucasian population, there are limited reports of FH mutations in the Asian population. We investigated the association of previously reported genetic variants that are involved in lipid regulation in our study cohort. A total of 1536 polymorphisms previously implicated in FH were evaluated in 141 consecutive patients with clinical FH (defined by the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria) and 111 unrelated control subjects without FH using high throughput microarray genotyping platform. Fourteen Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be significantly associated with FH, eleven with increased FH risk and three with decreased FH risk. Of the eleven SNPs associated with an increased risk of FH, only one SNP was found in the LDLR gene, seven in the APOB gene and three in the PCSK9 gene. SNP rs12720762 in APOB gene is associated with the highest risk of FH (odds ratio 14.78, p<0.001). Amongst the FH cases, 108 out of 141 (76.60%) have had at least one significant risk-associated SNP. Our study adds new information and knowledge on the genetic polymorphisms amongst Asians with FH, which may serve as potential markers in risk prediction and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Say-Hean Lye
- INFOVALLEY® Group of Companies, Jalan Tasik, MINES Resort City, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jagdish Kaur Chahil
- INFOVALLEY® Group of Companies, Jalan Tasik, MINES Resort City, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pramod Bagali
- INFOVALLEY® Group of Companies, Jalan Tasik, MINES Resort City, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Livy Alex
- INFOVALLEY® Group of Companies, Jalan Tasik, MINES Resort City, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Siew-Pheng Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meow-Keong Thong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Rampal S, Basu RC, Cheah PL, Salim A, Mohamed R. Susceptibility and gene interaction study of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) gene polymorphisms with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a multi-ethnic population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58538. [PMID: 23484035 PMCID: PMC3590220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) has been reported to play a fibrogenic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, five variants of the AGTR1 gene (rs3772622, rs3772627, rs3772630, rs3772633, and rs2276736) were examined for their association with susceptibility to NAFLD. Subjects made up of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 198 controls were genotyped using TaqMan assays. The liver biopsy specimens were histologically graded and scored according to the method of Brunt. Single locus analysis in pooled subjects revealed no association between each of the five variants with susceptibility to NAFLD. In the Indian ethnic group, the rs2276736, rs3772630 and rs3772627 appear to be protective against NAFLD (p = 0.010, p = 0.016 and p = 0.026, respectively). Haplotype ACGCA is shown to be protective against NAFLD for the Indian ethnic subgroup (p = 0.03). Gene-gene interaction between the AGTR1 gene and the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, which we previously reported as associated with NAFLD in this sample, showed a strong interaction between AGTR1 (rs3772627), AGTRI (rs3772630) and PNPLA3 (rs738409) polymorphisms on NAFLD susceptibility (p = 0.007). Further analysis of the NAFLD patients revealed that the G allele of the AGTR1 rs3772622 is associated with increased fibrosis score (p = 0.003). This is the first study that replicates an association between AGTR1 polymorphism and NAFLD, with further details in histological features of NAFLD. There is lack of evidence to suggest an association between any of the five variants of the AGTR1 gene and NAFLD in the Malays and Chinese. In the Indians, the rs2276736, rs3772630 and rs3772627 appear to protect against NAFLD. We report novel findings of an association between the G allele of the rs3772622 with occurrence of fibrosis and of the gene-gene interaction between AGTR1gene and the much-studied PNPLA3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zain SM, Mohamed R, Mahadeva S, Cheah PL, Rampal S, Basu RC, Mohamed Z. A multi-ethnic study of a PNPLA3 gene variant and its association with disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1145-52. [PMID: 22258181 PMCID: PMC3374090 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adiponutrin (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism has been found to be associated with susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in various cohorts. We further investigated the association of this polymorphism with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) severity and with histological features of NAFLD. A total of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 198 controls were genotyped for PNPLA3 gene polymorphism (rs738409 C>G). The biopsy specimens were histologically graded by a qualified pathologist. We observed an association of G allele with susceptibility to NAFLD in the pooled subjects (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.69–3.24, p < 0.0001), and following stratification, in each of the three ethnic subgroups, namely Chinese, Indian and Malay (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12–3.37, p = 0.018; OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.69–7.26, p = 0.001 and OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.25–3.35, p = 0.005, respectively). The G allele is associated with susceptibility to NASH (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.85–3.75, p < 0.0001), with NASH severity (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05–3.26, p = 0.035) and with presence of fibrosis (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.17–3.26, p = 0.013) but not with simple steatosis nor with other histological parameters. Although the serum triglyceride level is significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls, the G allele is associated with decreased level of triglycerides (p = 0.029) in the NAFLD patients. Overall, the rs738409 G allele is associated with severity of NASH and occurence of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Haerian BS, Mohamed EHM, Lim KS, Tan HJ, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Wong CP, Wong CW, Zain SM, Roffeei SNM, Mohamed Z. Association of ABCB1 and NR1I2 polymorphisms with response to carbamazepine in Malaysian epilepsy patients. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.756.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KS Lim
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - HJ Tan
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
| | - AA Raymond
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
| | - CT Tan
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - CP Wong
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - CW Wong
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
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Zain SM, Basri H, Suja F, Jaafar O. Land application technique for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:303-308. [PMID: 12448482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Some of the major concerns when applying sewage sludge to land include the potential effect on pH and cation exchange capacity; the mobility and the accumulation of heavy metals in sludge treated soil; the potential of applying too much nutrients and the problems associated with odors and insects. The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of sewage sludge application on the physical and chemical properties of sludge treated soil. Sewage sludge was applied to soil at various rates ranging from 0 L/m2 to 341 L/m2. In order to simulate the natural environment, the study was carried out at a pilot treatment site (5.2 m x 6.7 m) in an open area, covered with transparent roofing material to allow natural sunlight to pass through. Simulated rain was applied by means of a sprinkler system. Data obtained from sludge treated soil showed that the pH values decreased when the application rates were increased and the application period prolonged. The effect of sewage sludge on cation exchange capacity was not so clear; the values obtained for every application rate of sewage sludge did not indicate any consistent behaviour. The mobility of heavy metals in soils treated with sludge were described by observing the changes in the concentration of the heavy metals. The study showed that Cd has the highest mobility in sludge treated soil followed by Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Zain
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor
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