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Xu H, Zhu Y, Du M, Wang Y, Ju S, Ma R, Jiao Z. Subcellular mechanism of microbial inactivation during water disinfection by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116513. [PMID: 33091801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the identification of effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by plasma has been extensively studied, yet the subcellular mechanism of microbial inactivation has never been clearly elucidated in plasma disinfection processes. In this study, subcellular mechanism of yeast cell inactivation during plasma-liquid interaction was revealed in terms of comprehensive factors including cell morphology, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, membrane potential, intracellular redox homeostasis (intracellular ROS and H2O2, and antioxidant system (SOD, CAT and GSH)), intracellular ionic equilibrium (intracellular H+ and K+) and energy metabolism (mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and ATP level). The ROS analysis show that ·OH, 1O2, ·O2-and H2O2 were generated in this plasma-liquid interaction system and ·O2-served as the precursor of 1O2. Additionally, the solution pH was reduced. Plasma can effectively inactivate yeast cells mainly via apoptosis by damaging cell membrane, intracellular redox and ion homeostasis and energy metabolism as well as causing DNA fragmentation. ROS scavengers (l-His, d-Man and SOD) and pH buffer (phosphate buffer solution, PBS) were employed to investigate the role of five antimicrobial factors (·OH, 1O2, ·O2-, H2O2 and low pH) in plasma sterilization. Results show that they have different influences on the aforementioned cell physiological activities. The ·OH and 1O2 contributed most to the yeast inactivation. The ·OH mainly attacked cell membrane and increased cell membrane permeability. The disturb of cell energy metabolism was mainly attributed to 1O2. The damage of cell membrane as well as extracellular low pH could break the intracellular ionic equilibrium and further reduce cell membrane potential. The remarkable increase of intracellular H2O2 was mainly due to the influx of extracellular H2O2 via destroyed cell membrane, which played a little role in yeast inactivation during 10-min plasma treatment. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of plasma, which can promote the development of plasma as an alternative water disinfection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yupan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengru Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Siyao Ju
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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52
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Akam EC. Quantitative assessment of the impact of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: up to 24 h post-thaw and beyond. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:540. [PMID: 33317625 PMCID: PMC7734731 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are still ill-defined. In this study, a quantitative approach was adopted to measure several post-thaw cell attributes in order to provide an accurate reflection of the freezing and thawing impact. METHODS Fresh and cryopreserved passage-matched cells from three different donors were discretely analysed and compared for their viability, apoptosis level, phenotypic marker expression, metabolic activity, adhesion potential, proliferation rate, colony-forming unit ability (CFUF) and differentiation potentials. RESULTS The results of this study show that cryopreservation reduces cell viability, increases apoptosis level and impairs hBM-MSC metabolic activity and adhesion potential in the first 4 h after thawing. At 24 h post-thaw, cell viability recovered, and apoptosis level dropped but metabolic activity and adhesion potential remained lower than fresh cells. This suggests that a 24-h period is not enough for a full recovery. Beyond 24 h post-thaw, the observed effects are variable for the three cell lines. While no difference is observed in the pre- and post-cryopreservation proliferation rate, cryopreservation reduced the CFUF ability of two of the cell lines and variably affected the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials of the three cell lines. CONCLUSION The data collected in this study clearly show that fresh and cryopreserved hBM-MSCs are different, and these differences will inevitably introduce variabilities to the product and process development and subsequently imply financial losses. In order to avoid product divergence pre- and post-cryopreservation, effective strategies to mitigate freezing effects must be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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An intrinsically disordered motif regulates the interaction between the p47 adaptor and the p97 AAA+ ATPase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26226-26236. [PMID: 33028677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013920117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
VCP/p97, an enzyme critical to proteostasis, is regulated through interactions with protein adaptors targeting it to specific cellular tasks. One such adaptor, p47, forms a complex with p97 to direct lipid membrane remodeling. Here, we use NMR and other biophysical methods to study the structural dynamics of p47 and p47-p97 complexes. Disordered regions in p47 are shown to be critical in directing intra-p47 and p47-p97 interactions via a pair of previously unidentified linear motifs. One of these, an SHP domain, regulates p47 binding to p97 in a manner that depends on the nucleotide state of p97. NMR and electron cryomicroscopy data have been used as restraints in molecular dynamics trajectories to develop structural ensembles for p47-p97 complexes in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound conformations, highlighting differences in interactions in the two states. Our study establishes the importance of intrinsically disordered regions in p47 for the formation of functional p47-p97 complexes.
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Escobar-Henriques M, Anton V. Mitochondrial Surveillance by Cdc48/p97: MAD vs. Membrane Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6841. [PMID: 32961852 PMCID: PMC7555132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc48/p97 is a ring-shaped, ATP-driven hexameric motor, essential for cellular viability. It specifically unfolds and extracts ubiquitylated proteins from membranes or protein complexes, mostly targeting them for proteolytic degradation by the proteasome. Cdc48/p97 is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, reaching from cell cycle regulation to signal transduction, also participating in growth or death decisions. The role of Cdc48/p97 in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), where it extracts proteins targeted for degradation from the ER membrane, has been extensively described. Here, we present the roles of Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial regulation. We discuss mitochondrial quality control surveillance by Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), highlighting the potential pathologic significance thereof. Furthermore, we present the current knowledge of how Cdc48/p97 regulates mitofusin activity in outer membrane fusion and how this may impact on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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55
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Rydzek S, Shein M, Bielytskyi P, Schütz AK. Observation of a Transient Reaction Intermediate Illuminates the Mechanochemical Cycle of the AAA-ATPase p97. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14472-14480. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rydzek
- Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mikhail Shein
- Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pavlo Bielytskyi
- Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anne K. Schütz
- Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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56
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Bhattacharjee S, Mishra AK. The tale of caspase homologues and their evolutionary outlook: deciphering programmed cell death in cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4639-4657. [PMID: 32369588 PMCID: PMC7475262 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), a genetically orchestrated mechanism of cellular demise, is paradoxically required to support life. As in lower eukaryotes and bacteria, PCD in cyanobacteria is poorly appreciated, despite recent biochemical and molecular evidence that supports its existence. Cyanobacterial PCD is an altruistic reaction to stressful conditions that significantly enhances genetic diversity and inclusive fitness of the population. Recent bioinformatic analysis has revealed an abundance of death-related proteases, i.e. orthocaspases (OCAs) and their mutated variants, in cyanobacteria, with the larger genomes of morphologically complex strains harbouring most of them. Sequence analysis has depicted crucial accessory domains along with the proteolytic p20-like sub-domain in OCAs, predicting their functional versatility. However, the cascades involved in sensing death signals, their transduction, and the downstream expression and activation of OCAs remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide a comprehensive description of the attempts to identify mechanisms of PCD and the existence and importance of OCAs based on in silico approaches. We also review the evolutionary and ecological significance of PCD in cyanobacteria. In the future, the analysis of cyanobacterial PCD will identify novel proteins that have varied functional roles in signalling cascades and also help in understanding the incipient mechanism of PCD morphotype(s) from where eukaryotic PCD might have originated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samujjal Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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An Insight on the Role of Nitric Oxide in Yeast Apoptosis of Curcumin-Treated Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3104-3113. [PMID: 32719888 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a widely studied molecule due to its diverse biological functions. One of its activities, induction of apoptosis, is currently an area of active investigation in mammalian cells. However, there exists little information regarding the role of NO in yeast apoptosis. In an effort to investigate the mode of action by which NO induces programmed cell death in Candida albicans, we conducted a study on curcumin, a major bioactive compound, which is known as a potential apoptosis-inducing material due to several of its biological activities. First, NO generation was evaluated upon curcumin treatment. It is widely known that NO production is closely tied to cellular respiration, which is regulated by mitochondria. An increase in NO concentration leads to the inhibition of respiration and mitochondrial dysfunction. The hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction include a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential along with increased mitochondrial mass, calcium concentration and ROS generation. A specific oxidative ROS compound, superoxide ([Formula: see text]), is strongly reactive with NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). ONOO- disturbs intracellular redox levels, decreasing the overall ratio of glutathione (GSH). This leads to oxidative damage in C. albicans, triggering lethal DNA damage that eventually results in apoptosis. In the present study, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), was used in each experiment. In all experiments, L-NAME pre-treatment of cells blocked the effects induced by curcumin, which indicates that nitric oxide is a component of the overall mechanism. In conclusion, NO account for an indispensable position in apoptosis of curcumin-treated C. albicans.
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De Oliveira DMP, Forde BM, Kidd TJ, Harris PNA, Schembri MA, Beatson SA, Paterson DL, Walker MJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 23:788-99. [PMID: 32404435 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and increased death rates due to treatment failure and requires a coordinated global response for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. This looming health threat has restimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapies, has demanded the need for better patient care, and has facilitated heightened governance over stewardship practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P De Oliveira
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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Winans MJ, Gallagher JEG. Metallomic and lipidomic analysis of S. cerevisiae response to cellulosic copper nanoparticles uncovers drivers of toxicity. Metallomics 2020; 12:799-812. [PMID: 32239052 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising new technology, of which antimicrobial metal nanocomposites are predicted to become valuable in medical and food packaging applications. Copper is a redox-active antimicrobial metal that can become increasingly toxic depending on the target biomolecule's donor atom selectivity and the chemical species of copper present. Mass is the traditional measurement of the intrinsic elemental chemistry, but this practice fails to reflect the morphology and surface area reactivity of nanotechnology. The carboxymethyl cellulose copper nanoparticles (CMC-Cu) investigated in this study have unique and undefined toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is different from CuSO4. Cellular surface damage was found in scanning electron micrographs upon CMC-Cu exposure. Further investigation into the lipids revealed altered phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine membrane composition, as well as depleted triacylglycerols, suggesting an impact on the Kennedy lipid pathway. High levels of reactive oxygen species were measured which likely played a role in the lipid peroxidation detected with CMC-Cu treatment. Metal homeostasis was affected by CMC-Cu treatment. The copper sensitive yeast strain, YJM789, significantly decreased cellular zinc concentrations while the copper concentrations increased, suggesting a possible ionic mimicry relationship. In contrast to other compounds that generate ROS, no evidence of genotoxicity was found. As commonplace objects become more integrated with nanotechnology, humanity must look forward past traditional measurements of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Winans
- West Virginia University - Biology Department, 53 Campus Drive LSB 3140, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Human Antimicrobial Peptide Hepcidin 25-Induced Apoptosis in Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040585. [PMID: 32316661 PMCID: PMC7232333 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin 25 (hep 25) is a cysteine-rich 25-amino acid antimicrobial peptide containing the amino-terminal Cu(II)/Ni(II)-binding (ATCUN) motif. Upon metal binding, the ATCUN motif is known to be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, which act against different bacterial species. However, the antifungal activity and its correlation to the Cu(II)-ATCUN complex of Hep 25 are still poorly understood. Here, we found that ROS accumulation plays an important role in the fungicidal activity of hep 25 against Candida albicans. In addition, Annexin V-FITC staining and TUNEL assay results provide clues about the apoptosis induced by hep 25. Moreover, hep 25 also increases the generation of ROS, possibly because of copper binding to the ATCUN motif, which is relevant to its activity against C. albicans. Finally, the C. albicans killing action of hep 25 is an energy- and temperature-dependent process that does not involve targeting the membrane. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of hep 25 against C. albicans cells and the potential use of hep 25 and its derivatives as novel antifungal agents.
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61
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Bankapalli K, Vishwanathan V, Susarla G, Sunayana N, Saladi S, Peethambaram D, D'Silva P. Redox-dependent regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by DJ-1 paralogs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101451. [PMID: 32070881 PMCID: PMC7026286 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable organelles that perform critical cellular functions, including energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and synaptic maintenance. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment in the organellar homeostasis are key hallmarks implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. The members of DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI family are highly conserved, and loss of DJ-1 (PARK7) function in humans results in the impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis, which is one of the key cellular etiology implicated in the progression of Parkinson's Disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanism involved in mitochondrial maintenance and other cellular processes by DJ-1 paralogs is poorly understood. By utilizing genetic approaches from S. cerevisiae, we uncovered intricate mechanisms associated with the mitochondrial phenotypic variations regulated by DJ-1 paralogs. The deletion of DJ-1 paralogs led to respiratory incompetence and the accumulation of enhanced functional mitochondrial mass. The lack of DJ-1 paralogs also displayed enriched mitochondrial interconnectivity due to upregulation in the fusion-mediating proteins, facilitated by the elevation in the basal cellular ROS and oxidized glutathione levels. Intriguingly, these mitochondrial phenotypes variations cause cell size abnormalities, partially suppressed by reestablishing redox balance and upregulation of fission protein levels. Besides, in the absence of DJ-1 paralogs, cells exhibited a significant delay in the cell-cycle progression in the G2/M phase, attributed to mitochondrial hyperfusion and partial DNA damage. Additionally, the aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics and cell-cycle induce cell death mediated by apoptosis. Taken together, our findings first-time provide evidence to show how DJ-1 family members regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and other intricate cellular processes, including cell cycle and apoptosis. Lack of DJ-1 members causes respiratory incompetence and elevated basal ROS levels. Enhanced ROS and GSSG levels promote increased mitochondrial mass and hyperfusion. Mitochondrial hyperfusion together with ROS-induced DNA damage cause G2/M arrest. Impairment in cell cycle progression triggers apoptotic cell death in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondalarao Bankapalli
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinaya Vishwanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam Susarla
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Ningaraju Sunayana
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - SreeDivya Saladi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Divya Peethambaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India.
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Kwun MS, Lee DG. Quercetin-induced yeast apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction under the accumulation of magnesium in Candida albicans. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Moon JE, Heo W, Lee SH, Lee SH, Lee HG, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Trehalose Protects the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:54-61. [PMID: 31546305 PMCID: PMC9728326 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1906.06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is the only probiotic yeast with US Food and Drug Administration approval. It is routinely used to prevent or treat acute diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders, including the antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile infections. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically H2O2 during normal aerobic metabolism, contributes to programmed cell death and represents a risk to the viability of the probiotic microbe. Moreover, a loss of viability reduces the efficacy of the probiotic treatment. Therefore, inhibiting the accumulation of ROS in the oxidant environment could improve the viability of the probiotic yeast and lead to more efficacious treatment. Here, we provide evidence that supplementation with a non-reducing disaccharide, namely trehalose, enhanced the viability of S. boulardii exposed to an oxidative environment by preventing metacaspase YCA1-mediated programmed cell death through inhibition of intracellular ROS production. Our results suggest that supplementation with S. boulardii together with trehalose could increase the viability of the organism, and thus improve its effectiveness as a probiotic and as a treatment for acute diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Taegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H.L. Phone: +82-44-860-1764 Fax: +82-44-860-1430 E-mail:
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea,Y.J.K. Phone: +82-44-860-1435 Fax: +82-44-860-1780 E-mail:
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Zimmermann A, Tadic J, Kainz K, Hofer SJ, Bauer MA, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of regulated cell death in yeast. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 352:55-82. [PMID: 32334817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unicellular organisms like yeast can undergo controlled demise in a manner that is partly reminiscent of mammalian cell death. This is true at the levels of both mechanistic and functional conservation. Yeast offers the combination of unparalleled genetic amenability and a comparatively simple biology to understand both the regulation and evolution of cell death. In this minireview, we address the capacity of the nucleus as a regulatory hub during yeast regulated cell death (RCD), which is becoming an increasingly central question in yeast RCD research. In particular, we explore and critically discuss the available data on stressors and signals that specifically impinge on the nucleus. Moreover, we also analyze the current knowledge on nuclear factors as well as on transcriptional control and epigenetic events that orchestrate yeast RCD. Altogether we conclude that the functional significance of the nucleus for yeast RCD in undisputable, but that further exploration beyond correlative work is necessary to disentangle the role of nuclear events in the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Saladi S, Boos F, Poglitsch M, Meyer H, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Schuldiner M, Madeo F, Herrmann JM. The NADH Dehydrogenase Nde1 Executes Cell Death after Integrating Signals from Metabolism and Proteostasis on the Mitochondrial Surface. Mol Cell 2020; 77:189-202.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Valiakhmetov AY, Kuchin AV, Suzina NE, Zvonarev AN, Shepelyakovskaya AO. Glucose causes primary necrosis in exponentially grown yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5347945. [PMID: 30785621 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present data on sugar-induced cell death (SICD) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the exponential phase of growth. We suggest that the nature of SICD in exponentially grown yeast is primary necrosis, in contrast to cells in the stationary growth phase, which exhibit apoptotic SICD. The following findings confirm this conclusion: (i) the process rate; (ii) the impairments of plasma membrane integrity; (iii) the drastic morphological changes in the intracellular content; (iv) the absence of chromatin condensation; (v) the absence of externalization of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of plasma membrane and (vi) the insensitivity of the SICD process to cycloheximide (CHX). Research shows that SICD occurs in a subpopulation of cells in the S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS.,Moscow Region State University
| | - A V Kuchin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - N E Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - A N Zvonarev
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
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67
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Ramos-Pérez C, Dominska M, Anaissi-Afonso L, Cazorla-Rivero S, Quevedo O, Lorenzo-Castrillejo I, Petes TD, Machín F. Cytological and genetic consequences for the progeny of a mitotic catastrophe provoked by Topoisomerase II deficiency. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11686-11721. [PMID: 31812950 PMCID: PMC6932922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (Top2) removes topological linkages between replicated chromosomes. Top2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe (MC) when cells unsuccessfully try to split their genetic material between the two daughter cells. Herein, we have characterized the fate of these daughter cells in the budding yeast. Clonogenic and microcolony experiments, in combination with vital and apoptotic stains, showed that 75% of daughter cells become senescent in the short term; they are unable to divide but remain alive. Decline in cell vitality then occurred, yet slowly, uncoordinatedly when comparing pairs of daughters, and independently of the cell death mediator Mca1/Yca1. Furthermore, we showed that senescence can be modulated by ploidy, suggesting that gross chromosome imbalances during segregation may account for this phenotype. Indeed, we found that diploid long-term survivors of the MC are prone to genomic imbalances such as trisomies, uniparental disomies and terminal loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the latter affecting the longest chromosome arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramos-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: BenchSci Analytics Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Dominska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Anaissi-Afonso
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Cazorla-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Oliver Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: Genomic Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabel Lorenzo-Castrillejo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Thomas D Petes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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68
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Zhu J, Wu F, Yue S, Chen C, Song S, Wang H, Zhao M. Functions of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5714084. [PMID: 31967638 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus that is widely used in traditional medicine. Fungal PacC is recognized as an important transcription factor that functions during adaptation to environmental pH, fungal development and secondary metabolism. Previous studies have revealed that GlPacC plays important roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis. In this study, using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, we found that the apoptosis level was increased when PacC was silenced. The transcript and activity levels of caspase-like proteins were significantly increased in the PacC-silenced (PacCi) strains compared with the control strains. Silencing PacC also resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (∼2-fold) and decreased activity levels of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system. Further, we found that the intracellular ROS levels contributed to apoptosis and GA biosynthesis. Adding N-acetyl-cysteine and vitamin C decreased intracellular ROS and resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis in the PacCi strains. Additionally, the GA biosynthesis was different between the control strains and the PacCi strains after intracellular ROS was eliminated. Taken together, the findings showed that silencing PacC can result in an intracellular ROS burst, which increases cell apoptosis and GA biosynthesis levels. Our study provides novel insight into the functions of PacC in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fengli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sining Yue
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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69
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Lu H, Shu Q, Lou H, Chen Q. Mitochondria-Mediated Programmed Cell Death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Betulinic Acid Is Accelerated by the Deletion of PEP4 Gene. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110538. [PMID: 31703462 PMCID: PMC6920885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we showed that BetA could inhibit cell proliferation and lead to lethal cytotoxicity accompanying programmed cell death (PCD). Interestingly, it was found that vacuolar protease Pep4p played a pivotal role in BetA-induced S. cerevisiae PCD. The presence of Pep4p reduced the damage of BetA-induced cells. This work implied that BetA may induce cell death of S. cerevisiae through mitochondria-mediated PCD, and the deletion of Pep4 gene possibly accelerated the effect of PCD. The present investigation provided the preliminary research for the complicated mechanism of BetA-induced cell PCD regulated by vacular protease Pep4p and lay the foundation for understanding of the Pep4p protein in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8698-4316
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70
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Li R, Chen C, Zhang B, Jing H, Wang Z, Wu C, Hao P, Kuang Y, Yang M. The chromogranin A-derived antifungal peptide CGA-N9 induces apoptosis in Candida tropicalis. Biochem J 2019; 476:3069-3080. [PMID: 31652303 PMCID: PMC6824672 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CGA-N9, a peptide derived from human chromogranin A (CGA), was found to have antimicrobial activity in our previous investigation, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, the mechanism of action of CGA-N9 was investigated. We found that CGA-N9 induced the depolarization of the cell membrane and uptake of calcium ions into the cytosol and mitochondria. With the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Accordingly, we assessed apoptotic processes in Candida tropicalis cells post-treatment with CGA-N9 and found cytochrome c leakage, chromatin condensation and DNA degradation. The interaction of CGA-N9 with DNA in vitro showed that CGA-N9 did not degrade DNA but bound to DNA via an electrostatic interaction. In conclusion, CGA-N9 exhibits antifungal activity by inducing apoptosis in C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Jing
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pu Hao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Kuang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minghang Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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71
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Chen L, Wang Z, Liu L, Qu S, Mao Y, Peng X, Li YX, Tian J. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Candida albicans growth by causing apoptosis and its treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9037-9055. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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72
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Medkour Y, Mohammad K, Arlia-Ciommo A, Svistkova V, Dakik P, Mitrofanova D, Rodriguez MEL, Junio JAB, Taifour T, Escudero P, Goltsios FF, Soodbakhsh S, Maalaoui H, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5780-5816. [PMID: 31645900 PMCID: PMC6791382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the concentrations of several lipid classes. We demonstrate that such changes in the cellular lipidome initiate three mechanisms of aging delay and longevity extension. The first mechanism through which PE21 slows aging and prolongs longevity consists in its ability to decrease the intracellular concentration of free fatty acids. This postpones an age-related onset of liponecrotic cell death promoted by excessive concentrations of free fatty acids. The second mechanism of aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to decrease the concentrations of triacylglycerols and to increase the concentrations of glycerophospholipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activates the unfolded protein response system in the endoplasmic reticulum, which then decelerates an age-related decline in protein and lipid homeostasis and slows down an aging-associated deterioration of cell resistance to stress. The third mechanisms underlying aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to change lipid concentrations in the mitochondrial membranes. This alters certain catabolic and anabolic processes in mitochondria, thus amending the pattern of aging-associated changes in several key aspects of mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Veronika Svistkova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Tarek Taifour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paola Escudero
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fani-Fay Goltsios
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sahar Soodbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hana Maalaoui
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Éric Simard
- Idunn Technologies Inc., Rosemere, Quebec J7A 4A5, Canada
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73
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A Humanized Yeast Phenomic Model of Deoxycytidine Kinase to Predict Genetic Buffering of Nucleoside Analog Cytotoxicity. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100770. [PMID: 31575041 PMCID: PMC6826991 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about synthetic lethality can be applied to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies in individual patients harboring genetic alterations in their cancer that specifically render it vulnerable. We investigated the potential for high-resolution phenomic analysis in yeast to predict such genetic vulnerabilities by systematic, comprehensive, and quantitative assessment of drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine, substrates of deoxycytidine kinase that have similar molecular structures yet distinct antitumor efficacy. Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was conditionally expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library of knockout and knockdown (YKO/KD) strains, to globally and quantitatively characterize differential drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that autophagy, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and apoptosis-related processes influence gemcitabine specifically, while drug–gene interaction specific to cytarabine was less enriched in gene ontology. Processes having influence over both drugs were DNA repair and integrity checkpoints and vesicle transport and fusion. Non-gene ontology (GO)-enriched genes were also informative. Yeast phenomic and cancer cell line pharmacogenomics data were integrated to identify yeast–human homologs with correlated differential gene expression and drug efficacy, thus providing a unique resource to predict whether differential gene expression observed in cancer genetic profiles are causal in tumor-specific responses to cytotoxic agents.
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74
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Mohammadinejad R, Ahmadi Z, Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M. Berberine as a potential autophagy modulator. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14914-14926. [PMID: 30770555 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Today, pharmacognosy is considered a valuable science in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Among herbals, Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in the Berberis species. Surprisingly, it shows antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, it diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy and enhances tumor suppression in part through autophagy and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the effect of berberine on diverse cellular pathways and describe how berberine acts as an autophagy modulator to adjust physiologic and pathologic conditions and diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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75
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Schmidt O, Weyer Y, Baumann V, Widerin MA, Eising S, Angelova M, Schleiffer A, Kremser L, Lindner H, Peter M, Fröhlich F, Teis D. Endosome and Golgi-associated degradation (EGAD) of membrane proteins regulates sphingolipid metabolism. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101433. [PMID: 31368600 PMCID: PMC6669922 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of membrane proteins. This was assumed to be mediated exclusively either by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) or by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent lysosomal degradation. We identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae an additional pathway that selectively extracts membrane proteins at Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. One endogenous substrate of this endosome and Golgi-associated degradation pathway (EGAD) is the ER-resident membrane protein Orm2, a negative regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Orm2 degradation is initiated by phosphorylation, which triggers its ER export. Once on Golgi and endosomes, Orm2 is poly-ubiquitinated by the membrane-embedded "Defective in SREBP cleavage" (Dsc) ubiquitin ligase complex. Cdc48/VCP then extracts ubiquitinated Orm2 from membranes, which is tightly coupled to the proteasomal degradation of Orm2. Thereby, EGAD prevents the accumulation of Orm2 at the ER and in post-ER compartments and promotes the controlled de-repression of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Thus, the selective degradation of membrane proteins by EGAD contributes to proteostasis and lipid homeostasis in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schmidt
- Division of Cell BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Yannick Weyer
- Division of Cell BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Verena Baumann
- Division of Cell BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Present address:
MFPLUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael A Widerin
- Division of Cell BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastian Eising
- Department of Biology/ChemistryUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- INSERMLaboratory of Integrative Cancer ImmunologySorbonne UniversitéSorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris DescartesCentre de Recherche des CordeliersUniversité Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)Vienna Biocenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna Biocenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Protein Micro‐Analysis FacilityBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Protein Micro‐Analysis FacilityBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Florian Fröhlich
- Department of Biology/ChemistryUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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76
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FSH1 overexpression triggers apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1775-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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77
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Atalay PB, Çavuşoğlu EE, Aşci Ö, Aygüneş D. Examining the involvement of Slx5 in the apoptotic response to chronic activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:189-197. [PMID: 31320817 PMCID: PMC6620037 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1812-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents represent one of the most successful groups of anticancer drugs used in cancer therapy today. These drugs induce a prolonged mitotic arrest through chronic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. Apoptosis, an outcome of the prolonged mitotic arrest, is the main mechanism by which these anticancer drugs kill cancer cells. However, not much is known about the mechanism that directs chronic SAC activation to apoptosis among other possible outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Slx5, a sumo-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase, is involved in directing chronic SAC activation to apoptosis. We show that chronic SAC activation triggered by a 10-h nocodazole incubation leads to a prolonged mitotic arrest in the slx5Δ strain similar to wild type (WT). However, the proportion of cells displaying apoptotic features such as nuclear fragmentation, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were increased more in the WT strain during the chronic SAC activation compared to slx5Δ, indicating that Slx5 may be involved in the chronic SAC-activation-apoptosis relation. We also showed that the possible role of Slx5 in the chronic SAC activation-apoptosis association was not through ubiquitin dependent degradation of 3 apoptosis-related and sumoylated candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Buket Atalay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ergin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Maltepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Aşci
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Maltepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aygüneş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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78
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Guaragnella N, Coyne LP, Chen XJ, Giannattasio S. Mitochondria-cytosol-nucleus crosstalk: learning from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:5066171. [PMID: 30165482 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cell organelles with a prominent role in both energetic metabolism and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Since mitochondria harbor their own genome, which encodes a limited number of proteins critical for oxidative phosphorylation and protein translation, their function and biogenesis strictly depend upon nuclear control. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a unique model for understanding mitochondrial DNA organization and inheritance as well as for deciphering the process of assembly of mitochondrial components. In the last three decades, yeast also provided a powerful tool for unveiling the communication network that coordinates the functions of the nucleus, the cytosol and mitochondria. This crosstalk regulates how cells respond to extra- and intracellular changes either to maintain cellular homeostasis or to activate cell death. This review is focused on the key pathways that mediate nucleus-cytosol-mitochondria communications through both transcriptional regulation and proteostatic signaling. We aim to highlight yeast that likely continues to serve as a productive model organism for mitochondrial research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Guaragnella
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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79
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Shi L, Zhang XB, Shi YF, Xu X, He Y, Shao G, Huang QN, Wu JL. OsCDC48/48E complex is required for plant survival in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:163-179. [PMID: 30937701 PMCID: PMC6513905 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the C-terminus of OsCDC48 is essential for maintaining its full ATPase activity and OsCDC48/48E interaction is required to modulate cellular processes and plant survival in rice. Cell division cycle 48 (CDC48) belongs to the superfamily protein of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA). We previously isolated a rice CDC48 mutant (psd128) displaying premature senescence and death phenotype. Here, we showed that OsCDC48 (Os03g0151800) interacted with OsCDC48E (Os10g0442600), a homologue of OsCDC48, to control plant survival in rice. OsCDC48E knockout plants exhibited similar behavior to psd128 with premature senescence and plant death. Removal of the C-terminus of OsCDC48 caused altered expression of cell cycle-related genes, changed the percentage of cells in G1 and G2/M phases, and abolished the interaction between OsCDC48 itself and between OsCDC48 and OsCDC48E, respectively. Furthermore, the truncated OsCDC48-PSD128 protein lacking the C-terminal 27 amino acid residues showed a decreased level of ATPase activity. Overexpression of OsCDC48-psd128 resulted in differential expression of AAA-ATPase associated genes leading to increased total ATPase activity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased plant tiller numbers while overexpression of OsCDC48 also resulted in differential expression of AAA-ATPase associated genes leading to increased total ATPase activity, but increased plant tiller numbers and grain yield, indicating its potential utilization for yield improvement. Our results demonstrated that the C-terminal region of OsCDC48 was essential for maintaining the full ATPase activity and OsCDC48/48E complex might function in form of heteromultimers to modulate cellular processes and plant survival in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yong-Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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80
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Farrugia G, Azzopardi M, Saliba C, Grech G, Gross AS, Pistolic J, Benes V, Vassallo N, Borg J, Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Balzan R. Aspirin impairs acetyl-coenzyme A metabolism in redox-compromised yeast cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6152. [PMID: 30992471 PMCID: PMC6468118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a widely used anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drug also known in recent years for its promising chemopreventive antineoplastic properties, thought to be mediated in part by its ability to induce apoptotic cell death. However, the full range of mechanisms underlying aspirin's cancer-preventive properties is still elusive. In this study, we observed that aspirin impaired both the synthesis and transport of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) into the mitochondria of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae EG110 yeast cells, but not of the wild-type cells, grown aerobically in ethanol medium. This occurred at both the gene level, as indicated by microarray and qRT-PCR analyses, and at the protein level as indicated by enzyme assays. These results show that in redox-compromised MnSOD-deficient yeast cells, but not in wild-type cells, aspirin starves the mitochondria of acetyl-CoA and likely causes energy failure linked to mitochondrial damage, resulting in cell death. Since acetyl-CoA is one of the least-studied targets of aspirin in terms of the latter's propensity to prevent cancer, this work may provide further mechanistic insight into aspirin's chemopreventive behavior with respect to early stage cancer cells, which tend to have downregulated MnSOD and are also redox-compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Farrugia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Maria Azzopardi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Christian Saliba
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Angelina S Gross
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Pistolic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Central Lab Gracia, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rena Balzan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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81
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Fan X, He F, Ding M, Geng C, Chen L, Zou S, Liang Y, Yu J, Dong H. Thioredoxin Reductase Is Involved in Development and Pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:393. [PMID: 30899249 PMCID: PMC6416177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the causal agents of Fusarium head blight and produces the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). Thioredoxin reductases (TRRs) play critical roles in the recycling of oxidized thioredoxin. However, their functions are not well known in plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, we characterized a TRR orthologue FgTRR in F. graminearum. The FgTRR-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. FgTRR gene deletion demonstrated that FgTRR is involved in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual reproduction, DON production, and virulence. The ΔTRR mutants also exhibited a defect in pigmentation, the expression level of aurofusarin biosynthesis-related genes was significantly decreased in the FgTRR mutant. Furthermore, the ΔTRR mutants were more sensitive to oxidative stress and aggravated apoptosis-like cell death compared with the wild type strain. Taken together, these results indicate that FgTRR is important in development and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuancun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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82
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Singh K, Lee ME, Entezari M, Jung CH, Kim Y, Park Y, Fioretti JD, Huh WK, Park HO, Kang PJ. Genome-Wide Studies of Rho5-Interacting Proteins That Are Involved in Oxidant-Induced Cell Death in Budding Yeast. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:921-931. [PMID: 30670610 PMCID: PMC6404601 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases play critical roles in cell proliferation and cell death in many species. As in animal cells, cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo regulated cell death under various physiological conditions and upon exposure to external stress. The Rho5 GTPase is necessary for oxidant-induced cell death, and cells expressing a constitutively active GTP-locked Rho5 are hypersensitive to oxidants. Yet how Rho5 regulates yeast cell death has been poorly understood. To identify genes that are involved in the Rho5-mediated cell death program, we performed two complementary genome-wide screens: one screen for oxidant-resistant deletion mutants and another screen for Rho5-associated proteins. Functional enrichment and interaction network analysis revealed enrichment for genes in pathways related to metabolism, transport, and plasma membrane organization. In particular, we find that ATG21, which is known to be involved in the CVT (Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting) pathway and mitophagy, is necessary for cell death induced by oxidants. Cells lacking Atg21 exhibit little cell death upon exposure to oxidants even when the GTP-locked Rho5 is expressed. Moreover, Atg21 interacts with Rho5 preferentially in its GTP-bound state, suggesting that Atg21 is a downstream target of Rho5 in oxidant-induced cell death. Given the high degree of conservation of Rho GTPases and autophagy from yeast to human, this study may provide insight into regulated cell death in eukaryotes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komudi Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mid Eum Lee
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Maryam Entezari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jack D Fioretti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Pil Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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83
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Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Hofer SJ, Kroemer G. Caloric Restriction Mimetics against Age-Associated Disease: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Cell Metab 2019; 29:592-610. [PMID: 30840912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy has boosted the incidence of age-related pathologies beyond social and economic sustainability. Consequently, there is an urgent need for interventions that revert or at least prevent the pathogenic age-associated deterioration. The permanent or periodic reduction of calorie intake without malnutrition (caloric restriction and fasting) is the only strategy that reliably extends healthspan in mammals including non-human primates. However, the strict and life-long compliance with these regimens is difficult, which has promoted the emergence of caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). We define CRMs as compounds that ignite the protective pathways of caloric restriction by promoting autophagy, a cytoplasmic recycling mechanism, via a reduction in protein acetylation. Here, we describe the current knowledge on molecular, cellular, and organismal effects of known and putative CRMs in mice and humans. We anticipate that CRMs will become part of the pharmacological armamentarium against aging and age-related cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China.
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84
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Vishvakarma R, Mishra A. Protective effect of a protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against oxidative stress. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:244-254. [PMID: 30821200 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1536992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are known to resist damage to host organisms against external threats, hence form a part of their defense system. This property of protease inhibitors was studied on protecting oxidatively stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. The protease inhibitor was extracted from Agaricus bisporus, an edible mushroom. The inhibitor showed the presence of antioxidant activity as the purified inhibitor fraction gave an IC50 value of 45.13 ± 0.88 µg/mL and 33.30 ± 1.5 µg/mL when checked, respectively, by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH and 2, 2'-azo-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), ABTS•+ scavenging activity. The yeast cells' survival rate (%), was determined through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay, and it was found that in the presence of 2 mM H2O2 cell survival decreased to 26.33%, whereas when the experiment was conducted in the presence of protease inhibitor and 2 mM H2O2 cell survival percentage rose to 74%. The protease inhibitor's effect on the oxidatively stressed yeast cells was further studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Confocal Microscopy to understand the morphological changes. The viable and non-viable cell populations were quantified using Fluorescence Assorted Cell Sorting (FACS) using propidium iodide, PI, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI and 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Vishvakarma
- a School of Biochemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Abha Mishra
- a School of Biochemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
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85
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Agus HH, Sengoz CO, Yilmaz S. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic cell death induced by camphor in sod1-deficient Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:216-226. [PMID: 30931102 PMCID: PMC6404167 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Camphor is one of the monoterpenes widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the food industry. In this study, we aimed to assess the oxidative, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of camphor on the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which is a promising unicellular model organism in mechanistic toxicology and cell biology. Since Sod1 is the main radical scavenger in the cell, we used sod1 mutants to understand whether camphor-induced ROS accumulation caused higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Camphor exposure (0-2000 mg L-1) caused significant cytotoxicity in yeast, particularly in sod1Δ cells. DCFDA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) fluorescence and NBT (p-nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride) reduction increased (at least 2.5-3-fold in sod1Δ cells) in correlation with camphor concentrations (800-1200 mg L-1), showing higher ROS levels and oxidative stress. Moreover, cells, stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide, showed an apoptotic morphology with nuclear fragmentation and condensation. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was used to validate the apoptotic nuclear morphology. Dramatically increased mitochondrial impairment, which was higher in sod1Δ cells than in wild type cells, was shown by rhodamine 123 staining. In conclusion, camphor-induced excessive ROS production, which could not be prevented significantly in sod1 mutants, caused a dramatic increase in mortality rates due to intrinsic apoptosis revealed by mitochondrial impairment and apoptotic nuclear morphology. The potential effects of camphor on apoptotic cell death and the underlying mechanisms were clarified in the unicellular eukaryotic model, S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizlan Hincal Agus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey .
| | - Cansin Ogeday Sengoz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey .
| | - Sedanur Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey .
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86
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Gowsalya R, Ravi C, Kannan M, Nachiappan V. FSH3 mediated cell death is dependent on NUC1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5333309. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Family of Serine Hydrolases (FSH) members FSH1, FSH2 and FSH3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae share conserved sequences with the human candidate tumor suppressor OVCA2. In this study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure increased the expression of both mRNA and protein levels of FSH3 in wild-type (WT) yeast cells. The deletion of FSH3 improved the yeast growth rate under H2O2-induction as compared to WT control cells. The overexpression of FSH3 in WT yeast cells caused an apoptotic phenotype, including accumulation of reaction oxygen species, decreased cell viability and cell death. The double deletions fsh1Δ fsh2Δ, fsh1Δ fsh3Δ and fsh2Δ fsh3Δ displayed increased growth compared to WT cells. However, the overexpression of FSH3 effectively inhibited cell growth in all double deletions. Moreover, the overexpression of FSH3 in cells lacking NUC1 did not cause any growth defect in the presence or absence of H2O2. Our results suggest that FSH3 induced apoptosis of yeast in a NUC1 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Gowsalya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumar Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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87
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Kulkarni M, Stolp ZD, Hardwick JM. Targeting intrinsic cell death pathways to control fungal pathogens. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:71-78. [PMID: 30660496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens pose an increasing threat to public health. Limited clinical drug regimens and emerging drug-resistant isolates challenge infection control. The global burden of human fungal pathogens is estimated at 1 billion infections and 1.5 million deaths annually. In addition, plant fungal pathogens increasingly threaten global food resources. Novel strategies are needed to combat emerging fungal diseases and pan-resistant fungi. An untapped mechanistically novel approach is to pharmacologically activate the intrinsic cell death pathways encoded by pathogenic fungi. This strategy is analogous to new anti-cancer therapeutics now entering the clinic. Here we summarize the best understood examples of cell death mechanisms encoded by pathogenic fungi, contrast these to mammalian cell death pathways, and highlight the gaps in knowledge towards identifying potential death effectors as druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Zachary D Stolp
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
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88
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Kumar P, Kundu D, Mondal AK, Nain V, Puria R. Inhibition of TOR signalling in lea1 mutant induces apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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89
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Shang J, Wu L, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Huang Y. Overexpression of Schizosaccharomyces pombe tRNA 3′-end processing enzyme Trz2 leads to an increased cellular iron level and apoptotic cell death. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 122:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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90
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Tixeira R, Poon IKH. Disassembly of dying cells in diverse organisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:245-257. [PMID: 30317529 PMCID: PMC11105331 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a conserved phenomenon in multicellular organisms required to maintain homeostasis. Among the regulated cell death pathways, apoptosis is a well-described form of PCD in mammalian cells. One of the characteristic features of apoptosis is the change in cellular morphology, often leading to the fragmentation of the cell into smaller membrane-bound vesicles through a process called apoptotic cell disassembly. Interestingly, some of these morphological changes and cell disassembly are also noted in cells of other organisms including plants, fungi and protists while undergoing 'apoptosis-like PCD'. This review will describe morphologic features leading to apoptotic cell disassembly, as well as its regulation and function in mammalian cells. The occurrence of cell disassembly during cell death in other organisms namely zebrafish, fly and worm, as well as in other eukaryotic cells will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Tixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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91
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Giannattasio S, Mazzoni C. Editorial: Yeast cell aging and death. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:5089637. [PMID: 30184087 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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92
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Yun J, Lee DG. Bactericidal action of Tat (47-58) peptide via attenuation of cell defense systems. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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93
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Julák J, Scholtz V, Vaňková E. Medically important biofilms and non-thermal plasma. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:178. [PMID: 30456518 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the non-thermal plasma, i.e. partially or completely ionized gas produced by electric discharges at ambient temperature, has become of interest for its microbiocidal properties with potential of use in the food industry or medicine. Recently, this interest focuses not only on the planktonic forms of microorganisms but also on their biofilms. The works in this interdisciplinary field are summarized in this review. The wide range of biofilm-plasma interactions is divided into studies of general plasma action on bacteria, on biofilm and on its oral and dental application; a short overview of plasma instrumentation is also included. In addition, not only biofilm combating but also an important area of biofilm prevention is discussed. Various DC discharges of the point-to-plane type. Author's photograph, published in Khun et al. (Plasma Sources Sci Technol 27:065002, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Julák
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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94
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Martins VM, Fernandes TR, Lopes D, Afonso CB, Domingues MRM, Côrte-Real M, Sousa MJ. Contacts in Death: The Role of the ER-Mitochondria Axis in Acetic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Yeast. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:273-288. [PMID: 30414966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites have been a subject of increasing scientific interest since the discovery that these structures are disrupted in several pathologies. Due to the emerging data that correlate endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites function with known events of the apoptotic program, we aimed to dissect this interplay using our well-established model of acetic acid-induced apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Until recently, the only known tethering complex between ER and mitochondria in this organism was the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES). Following our results from a screening designed to identify genes whose deletion rendered cells with an altered sensitivity to acetic acid, we hypothesized that the ERMES complex could be involved in cell death mediated by this stressor. Herein we demonstrate that single ablation of the ERMES components Mdm10p, Mdm12p and Mdm34p increases the resistance of S. cerevisiae to acetic acid-induced apoptosis, which is associated with a prominent delay in the appearance of several apoptotic markers. Moreover, abrogation of Mdm10p or Mdm34p abolished cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Since these two proteins are embedded in the mitochondrial outer membrane, we propose that the ERMES complex plays a part in cytochrome c release, a key event of the apoptotic cascade. In all, these findings will aid in targeted therapies for diseases where apoptosis is disrupted, as well as assist in the development of acetic acid-resistant strains for industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor M Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Tânia R Fernandes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Lopes
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM & ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina B Afonso
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria R M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM & ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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95
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Mohammad K, Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque SD, Burstein MT, Goldberg AA, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Koupaki O, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms through which lithocholic acid delays yeast chronological aging under caloric restriction conditions. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34945-34971. [PMID: 30405886 PMCID: PMC6201858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All presently known geroprotective chemical compounds of plant and microbial origin are caloric restriction mimetics because they can mimic the beneficial lifespan- and healthspan-extending effects of caloric restriction diets without the need to limit calorie supply. We have discovered a geroprotective chemical compound of mammalian origin, a bile acid called lithocholic acid, which can delay chronological aging of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under caloric restriction conditions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which lithocholic acid can delay chronological aging of yeast limited in calorie supply. We provide evidence that lithocholic acid causes a stepwise development and maintenance of an aging-delaying cellular pattern throughout the entire chronological lifespan of yeast cultured under caloric restriction conditions. We show that lithocholic acid stimulates the aging-delaying cellular pattern and preserves such pattern because it specifically modulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of a complex cellular network. We demonstrate that this cellular network integrates certain pathways of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, some intercompartmental communications, mitochondrial morphology and functionality, and liponecrotic and apoptotic modes of aging-associated cell death. Our findings indicate that lithocholic acid prolongs longevity of chronologically aging yeast because it decreases the risk of aging-associated cell death, thus increasing the chance of elderly cells to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon D Bourque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Koupaki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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96
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Tan Z, Bo T, Guo F, Cui J, Jia S. Effects of ε-Poly-l-lysine on the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its involved antimicrobial mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2230-2236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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97
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Sumathi T, Jacob S, Gopalakrishnan R. Methylmercury exposure develops atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta and programmed cell death in the cerebellum: ameliorative action of Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30212-30223. [PMID: 30155631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative global environmental contaminant present in fishes and seafood. MeHg is the methylated form of mercury emitted from diverse anthropogenic and natural sources. MeHg is accumulated in the aquatic environment and eventually reaches human system via food chain by biomagnification. We have reported previously that the neurotoxic effect of MeHg in rat cerebellum is mitigated by the administration of an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract. The present study has focussed to further explore the mechanism of action of Celastrus paniculatus against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellum. We have also inspected the effect of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) against MeHg-induced atherosclerotic risk factors like alterations in antioxidant levels, aortic lipid profile, and aortic histology by MeHg in the largest vasculature, aorta, which are the initiating factors of cardiovascular diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided as (i) control, (ii) MeHg (5 mg/kg b.w.), (iii) MeHg + CP (200 mg/kg b.w.), and (iv) CP alone (200 mg/kg b.w.). All were given orally for 21 days. In cerebellum Celastrus paniculatus, there were increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (p < 0.05) activity, reduced cytochrome c release (p < 0.05), and caspase 3 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In the aorta, MeHg-induced oxidative stress, lipid profile changes, and endothelial denudation were ameliorated by Celastrus paniculatus. Hence, we conclude that Celastrus paniculatus protects against MeHg toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c/caspase 3 apoptotic pathway in the cerebellum and reducing the development of atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangarajan Sumathi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India.
| | - Sherin Jacob
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
| | - Rahul Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
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98
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Hofer S, Kainz K, Zimmermann A, Bauer MA, Pendl T, Poglitsch M, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Studying Huntington's Disease in Yeast: From Mechanisms to Pharmacological Approaches. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:318. [PMID: 30233317 PMCID: PMC6131589 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive neuronal loss, provoking impaired motor control, cognitive decline, and dementia. So far, HD remains incurable, and available drugs are effective only for symptomatic management. HD is caused by a mutant form of the huntingtin protein, which harbors an elongated polyglutamine domain and is highly prone to aggregation. However, many aspects underlying the cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) remain elusive, hindering the efficient development of applicable interventions to counteract HD. An important strategy to obtain molecular insights into human disorders in general is the use of eukaryotic model organisms, which are easy to genetically manipulate and display a high degree of conservation regarding disease-relevant cellular processes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long-standing and successful history in modeling a plethora of human maladies and has recently emerged as an effective tool to study neurodegenerative disorders, including HD. Here, we summarize some of the most important contributions of yeast to HD research, specifically concerning the elucidation of mechanistic features of mHTT cytotoxicity and the potential of yeast as a platform to screen for pharmacological agents against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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99
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Zimmermann A, Hofer S, Pendl T, Kainz K, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Yeast as a tool to identify anti-aging compounds. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4919731. [PMID: 29905792 PMCID: PMC6001894 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for interventions against aging and age-related diseases, biological screening platforms are indispensable tools to identify anti-aging compounds among large substance libraries. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has emerged as a powerful chemical and genetic screening platform, as it combines a rapid workflow with experimental amenability and the availability of a wide range of genetic mutant libraries. Given the amount of conserved genes and aging mechanisms between yeast and human, testing candidate anti-aging substances in yeast gene-deletion or overexpression collections, or de novo derived mutants, has proven highly successful in finding potential molecular targets. Yeast-based studies, for example, have led to the discovery of the polyphenol resveratrol and the natural polyamine spermidine as potential anti-aging agents. Here, we present strategies for pharmacological anti-aging screens in yeast, discuss common pitfalls and summarize studies that have used yeast for drug discovery and target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
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100
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Agus HH, Sarp C, Cemiloglu M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment mediated apoptotic cell death induced by terpinolene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:848-858. [PMID: 30310662 PMCID: PMC6116180 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpinolene is one of the most abundant monoterpenes used as a food supplement or odorant in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we aimed to assess apoptotic, oxidative and cytotoxic effects of terpinolene. We used the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a promising uni-cellular model organism in molecular toxicology and cell death research, due to its resemblance to mammalian cells at the molecular level. After terpinolene exposure (200-800 mg L-1), the IC50 and LC50 were calculated as 349.17 mg L-1 and 593.87 mg L-1. Cells, stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and DAPI, showed apoptotic nuclear morphology, chromatin condensation and fragmentation. 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence gradually increased (1.5-2-fold increase) in correlation with increasing concentrations of terpinolene (200-800 mg L-1). Mitochondrial impairment at higher concentrations of terpinolene (400-800 mg L-1) was shown by Rhodamine 123 staining. Real-time PCR experiments showed significant increases (1.5-3-fold) in SOD1 and GPx1 levels (p < 0.05) as well as 2-2.5-fold increases (p < 0.05) in pro-apoptotic factors, Pca1 and Sprad9. The potential effects of terpinolene on programmed cell death and the underlying mechanisms were clarified in unicellular model fungi, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizlan H Agus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey . ; Tel: +90 212 444 50 01
| | - Cemaynur Sarp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey . ; Tel: +90 212 444 50 01
| | - Meryem Cemiloglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul , Turkey . ; Tel: +90 212 444 50 01
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