51
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Groothuis TAM, Griekspoor AC, Neijssen JJ, Herberts CA, Neefjes JJ. MHC class I alleles and their exploration of the antigen-processing machinery. Immunol Rev 2005; 207:60-76. [PMID: 16181327 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
At the cell surface, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present fragments of intracellular antigens to the immune system. This is the end result of a cascade of events initiated by multiple steps of proteolysis. Only a small part of the fragments escapes degradation by interacting with the peptide transporter associated with antigen presentation and is translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen for binding to MHC class I molecules. Subsequently, these newly formed complexes can be transported to the plasma membrane for presentation. Every step in this process confers specificity and determines the ultimate result: presentation of only few fragments from a given antigen. Here, we introduce the players in the antigen processing and presentation cascade and describe their specificity and allelic variation. We highlight MHC class I alleles, which are not only different in sequence but also use different aspects of the antigen presentation pathway to their advantage: peptide acquaintance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A M Groothuis
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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52
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Dengjel J, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Glycan side chains on naturally presented MHC class II ligands. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:100-104. [PMID: 15643650 DOI: 10.1002/jms.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular characterization of unknown naturally presented major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II glycopeptides carrying complex glycans has so far not been achieved, reflecting the different fragmentation characteristics of sugars and peptides in mass spectrometric analysis. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-bound peptides were isolated by affinity purification, separated via high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We were able to identify two naturally processed MHC class II ligands, CD53(122-136) and CD53(121-136), carrying complex N-linked glycan side chains by a combination of in-source and collision-induced fragmentation on a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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53
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Martin SF. T Lymphocyte-Mediated Immune Responses to Chemical Haptens and Metal Ions: Implications for Allergic and Autoimmune Disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004; 134:186-98. [PMID: 15178887 DOI: 10.1159/000078765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical haptens and metal ions interact with proteins and thereby become recognizable by T and B lymphocytes. They induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by various cell types due to triggering of innate immune responses. This is an important prerequisite for the activation of the adaptive immune system and the development of diseases like allergic contact dermatitis and adverse drug and autoimmune reactions. Our increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of hapten and metal ion recognition by T cells and about the pathomechanisms of contact hypersensitivity and chemical-induced autoimmune reactions allows concomitant progress in the development of modern strategies for immunotherapy and will hopefully enable more specific intervention in hapten- and metal ion-induced human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Clinical Research Group Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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54
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Monzavi-Karbassi B, Luo P, Jousheghany F, Torres-Quiñones M, Cunto-Amesty G, Artaud C, Kieber-Emmons T. A mimic of tumor rejection antigen-associated carbohydrates mediates an antitumor cellular response. Cancer Res 2004; 64:2162-6. [PMID: 15026358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are typically perceived as inadequate targets for generating tumor-specific cellular responses. Lectin profile reactivity and crystallographic studies demonstrate that MHC class I molecules can present to the immune system posttranslationally modified cytosolic peptides carrying O-beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Here we report that a peptide surrogate of GlcNAc can facilitate an in vivo tumor-specific cellular response to established Meth A tumors that display native O-GlcNAc glycoproteins on the tumor cell surface. Peptide immunization of tumor-bearing mice had a moderate effect on tumor regression. Inclusion of interleukin 12 in the immunization regimen stimulated complete elimination of tumor cells in all of the mice tested, whereas interleukin 12 administration alone afforded no tumor growth inhibition. Adoptive transfer of immune T cells into tumor-bearing nude mice indicates a role for CD8+ T cells in tumor regression. This work postulates that peptide mimetics of glycosylated tumor rejection antigens might be further developed for immune therapy of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylglucosamine/immunology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Mimicry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Arkansas Cancer Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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55
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Xu Y, Gendler SJ, Franco A. Designer glycopeptides for cytotoxic T cell-based elimination of carcinomas. J Exp Med 2004; 199:707-16. [PMID: 14993254 PMCID: PMC2213299 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors express embryonic carbohydrate antigens called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). TACA-containing glycopeptides are appealing cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-based vaccines to prevent or treat cancer because the same sugar moieties are expressed in a variety of tumors, rendering a vaccination strategy applicable in a large population. Here we demonstrate that by using glycopeptides with high affinity for the major histocompatibility complex and glycosylated in a position corresponding to a critical T cell receptor (TcR) contact, it is possible to induce anti-TACA CTL in vivo. In the current study we show that designer glycopeptides containing the Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (beta-Gal-[1-->3]-alpha-GalNAc-O-serine) are immunogenic in vivo and generate TF-specific CTL capable of recognizing a variety of tumor cells in vitro including a MUC1-expressing tumor. The fine specificity of the TF-specific CTL repertoire indicates that the TcR recognize the glycosylated amino acid residue together with TF in a conventional major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted fashion. These results have high potential for immunotherapy against a broad range of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Xu
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomic Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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56
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Apostolopoulos V, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA, Halton J, Osinski C, Li W, Plebanski M, Paulsen H, McKenzie IFC. A glycopeptide in complex with MHC class I uses the GalNAc residue as an anchor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:15029-34. [PMID: 14657390 PMCID: PMC299892 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2432220100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides bind MHC class I molecules by anchoring hydrophobic side chains into pockets in the peptide binding groove. Here, we report an immunogenic (in vitro and in vivo) MUC1 glycopeptide (MUC1-8-5GalNAc) bound to H-2Kb, fully crossreactive with the nonglycosylated variant. Molecular modeling showed that the central P5-Thr-GalNAc residue points into the C pocket and forms van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions with the MHC class I. As predicted, GalNAc, a modified peptide carrying an additional anchor in the central C anchor pocket, increased the affinity by approximately 100-fold compared with the native low-affinity peptide (MUC1-8). The findings demonstrate that glycopeptides associated with MHC class I molecules can use GalNAc to anchor the peptide in the groove and enable high-affinity binding.
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57
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Birnboim HC, Lemay AM, Lam DKY, Goldstein R, Webb JR. Cutting edge: MHC class II-restricted peptides containing the inflammation-associated marker 3-nitrotyrosine evade central tolerance and elicit a robust cell-mediated immune response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:528-32. [PMID: 12847213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrotyrosine is widely recognized as a surrogate marker of up-regulated inducible NO synthase expression at sites of inflammation. However, the potential immunogenicity of autologous proteins containing nitrotyrosine has not previously been investigated. Herein, we used the I-E(K)-restricted T cell epitope of pigeon/moth cytochrome c (PCC/MCC(88-103)) to assess the ability of T cells to recognize ligands containing nitrotyrosine. Substitution of the single tyrosine (Y97) in PCC/MCC(88-103) with nitrotyrosine abrogates recognition by the MCC(88-103)-specific T cell hybridoma 2B4. CBA (H2(K)) mice immunized with MCC(88-103) or nitrated MCC(88-103) peptides produce T cell responses that are mutually exclusive. Transgenic mice that constitutively express PCC under the control of an MHC class I promoter are tolerant toward immunization with MCC(88-103), but exhibited a robust immune response against nitrated MCC(88-103). Analysis of T cell hybridomas specific for nitrated-MCC(88-103) indicated that subtle differences in TCR VDJ gene usage are sufficient to allow nitrotyrosine-specific T cells to escape the processes of central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chaim Birnboim
- Ottawa Regional Cancer Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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58
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Mogemark M, Cirrito TP, Sjölin P, Unanue ER, Kihlberg J. Influence of saccharide size on the cellular immune response to glycopeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:2063-9. [PMID: 12945896 DOI: 10.1039/b301747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides that bind to MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells may elicit carbohydrate selective T cells. In order to investigate how the cellular immune response depends on the size of the carbohydrate moiety, a trigalactosylated derivative of an immunogenic peptide from hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL52-61) was prepared. Synthesis was accomplished by assembly of an alpha-1,4-linked trigalactose peracetate which was coupled to Fmoc serine. After activation as a pentafluorophenyl ester the resulting building block was used in solid-phase synthesis In contrast to the corresponding mono- and digalactosylated derivatives of HEL52-61, the trigalactosylated HEL52-61 was not immunogenic. Somewhat surprisingly, this was found to be because the trigalactosyl derivative bound approximately two orders of magnitude weaker to I-Ak MHC molecules than the mono- and digalactosyl peptides. Our observation suggests an explanation for previous findings, which show that glycopeptides isolated from MHC molecules in nature usually carry small saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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59
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Cudic M, Ertl HCJ, Otvos L. Synthesis, conformation and T-helper cell stimulation of an O-linked glycopeptide epitope containing extended carbohydrate side-chains. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3859-70. [PMID: 12413838 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To answer the question whether or not T cells to immunodominant protein fragments recognize glycosylated antigens, we synthesized a series of glycopeptides corresponding to peptide 31D, a major T-helper cell epitope of the rabies virus nucleoprotein. Thr4 of the epitope is known to allow mono- or disaccharide side-chain substitutions in either alpha- or beta-anomeric configuration without interfering with MHC-binding. To model naturally occurring glycoprotein fragments that carry extended sugar chains, we prepared Fmoc-Ser/Thr-OPfp building blocks containing alpha- and beta-linked linear tri- and heptasaccharides. Peptide 31D was synthesized with the complex carbohydrates attached to Thr4, and the T-helper cell activity of the glycopeptides was determined. Addition of alpha-linked carbohydrates, that mimic most of the natural O-linked glycoproteins, resulted in a major drop in the T-cell stimulatory ability in a sugar length-dependent manner. In contrast, the cytosolic glycoprotein mimicking beta-linked glycopeptides retained their T-cell stimulatory activity, with the trisaccharide-containing analogue being almost as potent as the unglycosylated peptide. When the peptides were preincubated with diluted human serum, all peptides lost their ability to stimulate the 9C5.D8-H hybridoma. These findings indicated that (i) in contrast to cytosolic glycosylation, incorporation of long O-linked carbohydrates into T-helper cell epitopes abrogates the antigenicity of these protein fragments, and (ii) glycosylation is not a viable alternative to improve the immunogenic properties of subunit peptide vaccines. Glycosylation with all four carbohydrate moieties similarly destroyed the inducible alpha-helical structure of peptide 31D as detected by CD, indicating that the differences in the T-cell activity were not due to different peptide conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Cudic
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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60
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Sloan JM, Kershaw MH, Touloukian CE, Lapointe R, Robbins PF, Restifo NP, Hwu P. MHC class I and class II presentation of tumor antigen in retrovirally and adenovirally transduced dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2002; 9:946-50. [PMID: 12386833 PMCID: PMC1764124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The unique antigen-presenting capabilities of dendritic cells (DCs) make them an attractive means with which to initiate an antitumor immune response. Using DCs transduced with tumor antigens for immunotherapy has several theoretical advantages over peptide-pulsed DCs including the possibility that transduced DCs are capable of presenting epitopes on both class I and class II MHC molecules. To test this theory, we inserted the human tumor antigen gp100 into mouse DCs transgenic for HLA-DRbeta1*0401 using either adenoviral vector or a VSV-G pseudotyped retroviral vector. DCs transduced with tumor antigen were able to be recognized by both a murine CD8(+) T-cell clone and a murine CD4(+) T-cell line in a cytokine release assay, thereby demonstrating presentation of both MHC class I and class II gp100 epitopes. This study describes the simultaneous presentation of a tumor-associated antigen to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and lends support to the use of gene-modified DCs as a means to initiate both CD4(+) and CD8(+) antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Sloan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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61
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Preuss KD, Zwick C, Bormann C, Neumann F, Pfreundschuh M. Analysis of the B-cell repertoire against antigens expressed by human neoplasms. Immunol Rev 2002; 188:43-50. [PMID: 12445280 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The screening of tumor-derived expression libraries for antigens detected by high-titer immunoglobulin G antibodies from the sera of patients with cancer by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning) allows a systematic search for antigens of human cancers. SEREX has led to the identification of a multitude of new tumor antigens in many different tumor entities. According to their specificities, the antigens can be grouped into different classes, of which the cancer testis antigens appear to be the most attractive candidates for vaccine development. Serologically defined human tumor antigens facilitate the identification of antigenic peptides recognized by tumor-specific T lymphocytes, thus providing a molecular basis for polyvalent peptide-based and gene-therapeutic vaccine strategies in a wide variety of human neoplasms. Moreover, many of the SEREX-identified antigens seem to play a functional role in the pathogenesis of malignant disease. With more than 2000 antigens listed in the SEREX database, it appears that tumor antigens that have resisted discovery to date are expressed in only a small minority of tumors, thus limiting their clinical usefulness. Novel strategies are necessary to identify antigens that can serve as a vaccine target in a broad spectrum of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
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62
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Werdelin O, Meldal M, Jensen T. Processing of glycans on glycoprotein and glycopeptide antigens in antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:9611-3. [PMID: 12122209 PMCID: PMC124945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152345899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Werdelin
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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63
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Bonner PLR, Lill JR, Hill S, Creaser CS, Rees RC. Electrospray mass spectrometry for the identification of MHC class I-associated peptides expressed on cancer cells. J Immunol Methods 2002; 262:5-19. [PMID: 11983215 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used extensively for the detection of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This review focuses on the optimisation of electrospray mass spectrometry and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to sequence MHC class I peptides. We review the isolation of MHC class I peptides from the surface of cells with particular reference to tumour cells. In addition, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods available to concentrate and fractionate the peptides prior to analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L R Bonner
- Department of Life Sciences, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, UK.
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64
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Monzavi-Karbassi B, Cunto-Amesty G, Luo P, Kieber-Emmons T. Use of surrogate antigens as vaccines against cancer. HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS 2002; 21:103-9. [PMID: 12031099 DOI: 10.1089/153685902317401690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells may evade immune surveillance by possessing polysaccharides or carbohydrates on their surface. This evasive strategy is effective because glycans are poorly immunogenic and fail to elicit immunological memory responses due to an absence of T-cell processing. Induction of an immune response to cell surface carbohydrate antigens is considered as an important strategy to fight cancer. As carbohydrates per se are poor immunogens, alternative approaches are being evaluated to induce functional cross-reactive responses. We are focusing on the use of peptide mimotopes of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens to challenge cancer, as we would manipulate the immune system to establish protective immunity based on carbohydrate cross-reactive humoral and cellular responses.
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65
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Wormald MR, Petrescu AJ, Pao YL, Glithero A, Elliott T, Dwek RA. Conformational studies of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides: complementarity of NMR, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modelling. Chem Rev 2002; 102:371-86. [PMID: 11841247 DOI: 10.1021/cr990368i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wormald
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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66
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Heukamp LC, van Hall T, Ossendorp F, Burchell JM, Melief CJM, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Offringa R. Effective immunotherapy of cancer in MUC1-transgenic mice using clonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against an immunodominant MUC1 epitope. J Immunother 2002; 25:46-56. [PMID: 11926165 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200201000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-associated autoantigen MUCI is intensively studied as a potential target for antigen-specific immunotherapy of cancer. Previous reports concerning experiments in preclinical murine tumor models have provided evidence supporting the feasibility of this approach. However, such studies have not been performed with clonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations displaying a highly defined MUC1 specificity. The authors demonstrate that the immunodominant MUC1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in C57BL/6 mice is directed against an H-2Kb-restricted epitope, MUC1(19-27), which is derived from the N-terminal signal sequence of the MUC1 protein. Processing of this epitope was independent of transporter of antigen presentation and proteasome function. Importantly, successful immunotherapy of MUC1-overexpressing tumors in MUC1-transgenic mice was not accompanied by damage to normal somatic MUC1-positive tissues, even when this involved the infusion of large numbers of clonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte that recognized the immunodominant MUC1 epitope. Although the risk for autoimmune pathology is limited, data indicate that immune tolerance in MUC1-positive subjects restricts the breadth of the MUC1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte repertoire that is available for recruitment to immunotherapeutic antitumor responses.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- COS Cells
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/physiology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunodominant Epitopes
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mucin-1/chemistry
- Mucin-1/immunology
- Multienzyme Complexes/physiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas C Heukamp
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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67
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Kastrup IB, Andersen MH, Elliott T, Haurum JS. MHC-restricted T cell responses against posttranslationally modified peptide antigens. Adv Immunol 2001; 78:267-89. [PMID: 11432206 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(01)78006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I B Kastrup
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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68
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Monzavi-Karbassi B, Cunto-Amesty G, Luo P, Shamloo S, Blaszcyk-Thurin M, Kieber-Emmons T. Immunization with a carbohydrate mimicking peptide augments tumor-specific cellular responses. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1361-71. [PMID: 11675368 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.11.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic potential of some tumor cells is associated with the expression of the neolactoseries antigens sialyl-Lewis x (sLex) and sialyl-Lewis a (sLea) as they are ligands for selectins. We have recently shown that peptide mimetics of these antigens can potentiate IgG2a antibodies, which are associated with a Th1-type cellular response. As L-selectin is preferentially expressed on CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell populations, specific induction of these phenotypes could augment a response to L-selectin ligand-expressing tumor cells. Here we demonstrate that immunization with a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) mimetic of sugar constituents of neolactoseries antigens induces a MHC-dependent peptide-specific cellular response that triggers IFN-gamma production upon peptide stimulation, correlating with IgG2a induction. Surprisingly, T lymphocytes from peptide-immunized animals were activated in vitro by sLex, also triggering IFN-gamma production in a MHC-dependent manner. Stimulation by peptide or carbohydrate resulted in loss of L-selectin on CD4+ T cells confirming a Th1 phenotype. We also observed an enhancement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vitro against sLex-expressing Meth A cells using effector cells from Meth A-primed/peptide-boosted animals. CTL activity was inhibited by both anti-MHC class I and anti-L-selectin antibodies. These results further support a role for L-selectin in tumor rejection along with the engagement by the TCR for most likely processed tumor-associated glycopeptides, focusing on peptide mimetics as a means to induce carbohydrate reactive cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Monzavi-Karbassi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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69
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Hudrisier D, Riond J, Mazarguil H, Gairin JE. Pleiotropic effects of post-translational modifications on the fate of viral glycopeptides as cytotoxic T cell epitopes. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:38255-60. [PMID: 11479317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105974200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of viral glycopeptides as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes is unclear. We have dissected the mechanisms of antigen presentation and CTL recognition of the peptide GP392-400 (WLVTNGSYL) from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and compared them with those of the previously reported GP92-101 antigen (CSANNSHHYI). Both GP392-400 and GP92-101 bear a glycosylation motif, are naturally N-glycosylated in the mature viral glycoproteins, bind to major histocompatibility complex H-2D(b) molecules, and are immunogenic. However, post-translational modifications differentially affected GP92-101 and GP392-400. Upon N-glycosylation or de-N-glycosylation, a marked decrease in major histocompatibility complex binding was observed for GP392-400 but not for GP92-101. Further, under its N-glycosylated or de-N-glycosylated form, GP392-400 then lost its initial ability to generate a CTL response in mice, whereas GP92-101 was still immunogenic under the same conditions. The genetically encoded form of GP392-400, which on the basis of its immunogenicity could still be presented with H-2D(b) during the course of LCMV infection, does not in fact appear at the surface of LCMV-infected cells. Our results show that post-translational modifications of viral glycopeptides can have pleiotropic effects on their presentation to and recognition by CTL that contribute to either creation of neo-epitopes or destruction of potential epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hudrisier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, 31400 Toulouse, France
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70
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Housseau F, Moorthy A, Langer DA, Robbins PF, Gonzales MI, Topalian SL. N-linked carbohydrates in tyrosinase are required for its recognition by human MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:2690-701. [PMID: 11536167 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200109)31:9<2690::aid-immu2690>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of mammalian proteins is known to influence their intracellular trafficking, half life, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Rare instances of natural T cell epitopes dependent upon glycosylation for recognition have been described. We report here on human CD4(+) T lymphocyte cultures and clones from two melanoma patients that recognize the melanoma-associated Ag tyrosinase in the context of HLA-DR4 and -DR8. These T cells recognize tyrosinase, normally a heavily glycosylated molecule, when expressed constitutively in melanoma cells or in COS-7 transfectants pulsed as lysates onto autologous APC. However, these T cells fail to recognize tyrosinase expressed in bacteria, nor do they react with overlapping peptides covering full-length tyrosinase, suggesting a critical role for glycosylation in the processing and / or composition of the stimulatory epitopes. The requirement for glycosylation was demonstrated by the failure of tyrosinase-specific CD4(+) T cells to recognize tyrosinase synthesized in the presence of glycosylation inhibitors, or deglycosylated enzymatically. Site-directed mutagenesis of each of seven potential N-glycosylation sites showed that four sites were required to generate forms of tyrosinase that could be recognized by individual T cell clones. These data indicate that certain carbohydrate moieties are required for processing the tyrosinase peptides recognized by CD4(+) T cells. Post-translational modifications of human tumor-associated proteins such as tyrosinase could be a critical factor for the development of antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Housseau
- The Surgery Branch, Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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71
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Abstract
It is estimated that 50-90% of the proteins in the human body are post-translationally modified. In the proper context, these modifications are necessary for the biological functions of a vast array of proteins and the effector functions of the cells in which they reside. However, it is now clear that some post-translational modifications can create new self antigens (Ags) or even mask Ags normally recognized by the immune system. In either case, they profoundly affect the recognition of Ag by bone marrow-derived cells, as well as their effector functions. How do post-translational protein modifications affect the processing of foreign and self Ags and what is their role in the origin of autoimmune responses?
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Doyle
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, 333 Cedar Street, LCI 609, PO Box 208031, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
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72
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Comtesse N, Maldener E, Meese E. Identification of a nuclear variant of MGEA5, a cytoplasmic hyaluronidase and a beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:634-40. [PMID: 11341771 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MGEA5 was originally identified to be a novel human hyaluronidase, which is immunogenic in meningioma patients. Recently an N-acetylglucosaminidase was reported with identical sequence. Here, we define the origin of a splice variant by determining the genomic organization of the mgea5 gene. We find the splice variant missing a putative acetyltransferase domain of MGEA5. As for evolutionary analysis, we show that the MGEA5 is highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. As for expression analysis, we find both mRNA variants ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues and throughout mouse development. We generated polyclonal antibodies against MGEA5s/5 and identified proteins of 75 and 130 kDa, indicating posttranslational modifications of the larger protein. Cell fractionation revealed the cytoplasmic/cytoskeletal localization of the 130-kDa protein and the nuclear localization of the 75-kDa protein. We propose a model in which MGEA5 functions both as a hyaluronidase and an N-acetylglucosaminidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Comtesse
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Saarland, Building 60, Homburg/Saar, D-66424, Germany
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73
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Bläss S, Union A, Raymackers J, Schumann F, Ungethüm U, Müller-Steinbach S, De Keyser F, Engel JM, Burmester GR. The stress protein BiP is overexpressed and is a major B and T cell target in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:761-71. [PMID: 11315915 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200104)44:4<761::aid-anr132>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein formerly designated p68 has been identified as autoantigen at both the antibody and the T cell level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We used 2 independent approaches, Edman degradation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to characterize p68, and we compared its features with those of the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein BiP. RESULTS In synovial sections from RA patients, BiP was highly overexpressed as compared with control sections. Under in vitro stress conditions, BiP was found to translocate to the nucleus and the cell surface. BiP-specific autoantibodies were present in 63% of 400 RA patients, in 7% of 200 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and in none of the healthy subjects. Thus, BiP-specific autoantibodies represent a new diagnostic marker in RA. Furthermore, we found that BiP-specific T cell reactivity was altered in RA. In healthy individuals and patients with other rheumatic diseases, BiP-reactive T cells were undetectable. In RA, overt T cell reactivity to BiP was observed or could be induced by specifically blocking antigen presentation to potentially regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION Since overexpression of BiP has been shown to decrease the sensitivity of cells to killing by cytotoxic T cells, BiP overexpression and BiP-specific autoimmunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bläss
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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74
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Abstract
Almost all of the key molecules involved in the innate and adaptive immune response are glycoproteins. In the cellular immune system, specific glycoforms are involved in the folding, quality control, and assembly of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the T cell receptor complex. Although some glycopeptide antigens are presented by the MHC, the generation of peptide antigens from glycoproteins may require enzymatic removal of sugars before the protein can be cleaved. Oligosaccharides attached to glycoproteins in the junction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells help to orient binding faces, provide protease protection, and restrict nonspecific lateral protein-protein interactions. In the humoral immune system, all of the immunoglobulins and most of the complement components are glycosylated. Although a major function for sugars is to contribute to the stability of the proteins to which they are attached, specific glycoforms are involved in recognition events. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, agalactosylated glycoforms of aggregated immunoglobulin G may induce association with the mannose-binding lectin and contribute to the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Rudd
- The Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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75
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Purcell AW, Gorman JJ. The use of post-source decay in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry to delineate T cell determinants. J Immunol Methods 2001; 249:17-31. [PMID: 11226460 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of naturally processed peptides presented by molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has progressed significantly over the past decade. The elution of peptides from immunoaffinity purified complexes of MHC class I or class II molecules has provided highly specific biochemical information regarding the nature of endogenous peptides capable of binding to and being presented by particular MHC alleles. Whilst Edman chemistry is sufficient for the identification of abundant or homogeneous immunodominant peptides contained in samples of fractionated peptides, mass spectrometry has proved more powerful for sequencing less abundant species present in the typically heterogeneous fractions of eluted peptides. This review focuses on the characterisation of T cell determinants by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). We demonstrate, with specific examples, the utility of post-source decay in MALDI-TOF MS for the characterisation of the amino acid sequences of both native and modified T cell determinants. The potential advantages and pitfalls of this technique relative to the more commonly used forms of tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray and ion spray modes of ionisation as well as hybrid quadrupole-quadrupole-TOF instruments are discussed. We highlight the complementarity between these techniques and discuss the advantages in the combined use of both MALDI- and electrospray-based instrumentation in epitope identification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Purcell
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, 3052, Victoria, Parkville, Australia.
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76
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Zarling AL, Ficarro SB, White FM, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Engelhard VH. Phosphorylated peptides are naturally processed and presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in vivo. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1755-62. [PMID: 11120772 PMCID: PMC2213507 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.12.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of peptide antigens has been shown to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted peptides. However, the existence and origin of naturally processed phosphorylated peptides presented by MHC class I molecules have not been explored. By using mass spectrometry, significant numbers of naturally processed phosphorylated peptides were detected in association with several human MHC class I molecules. In addition, CD8(+) T cells could be generated that specifically recognized a phosphorylated epitope. Thus, phosphorylated peptides are part of the repertoire of antigens available for recognition by T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Zarling
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Forest M. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Victor H. Engelhard
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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77
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Abstract
Despite the omnipresence of protein glycosylation in nature, little is known about how the attachment of carbohydrates affects peptide and protein activity. One reason is the lack of a straightforward method to access biologically relevant glycopeptides and glycoproteins. The isolation of homogeneous glycopeptides from natural sources is complicated by the heterogeneity of naturally occuring glycoproteins. It is chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis that is meeting the challenge to solve this availability problem, thus playing a key role for the advancement of glycobiology. The current art of glycopeptide synthesis, albeit far from being routine, has reached a level of maturity that allows for the access to homogeneous and pure material for biological and medicinal research. Even the ambitious goal of the total synthesis of an entire glycoprotein is within reach. It is demonstrated that with the help of synthetic glycopeptides the effects of glycosylation on protein structure and function can be studied in molecular detail. For example, in immunology, synthetic (tumour-specific) glycopeptides can be used as immunogens to elicit a tumour-cell-specific immune response. Again, synthetic glycopeptides are an invaluable tool to determine the fine specificity of the immune response that can be mediated by both carbohydrate-specific B and T cells. Furthermore, selected examples for the use of synthetic glycopeptides as ligands of carbohydrate-binding proteins and as enzyme substrates or inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Seitz
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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78
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Yagüe J, Vázquez J, López de Castro JA. A post-translational modification of nuclear proteins, N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-Arg, found in a natural HLA class I peptide ligand. Protein Sci 2000; 9:2210-7. [PMID: 11152131 PMCID: PMC2144492 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.11.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Presentation of peptides derived from endogenous proteins by class I major histocompatibility complex molecules is essential both for immunological self-tolerance and induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses against intracellular parasites. Despite frequent and diverse post-translational modification of eukaryotic cell proteins, very few class I-bound peptides with post-translationally modified residues are known. Here we describe a natural dodecamer ligand of HLA-B39 (B*3910) derived from an RNA-binding nucleoprotein that carried N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-Arg. Although common among RNA-binding proteins, this modification was not previously known among natural class I ligands. The sequence of this peptide was determined by Edman degradation and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pattern of the dimethyl-Arg side chain observed with this latter technique allowed us to unambiguously assign the isomeric form of the modified residue. The post-translationally modified ligand was a prominent component (1-2%) of the B*3910-bound peptide repertoire. The dimethyl-Arg residue was located in a central position of the peptide, amenable to interacting with T-cell receptors, and most other residues in the middle region of the peptide were Gly. These structural features strongly suggest that the post-translationally modified residue may have a major influence on the antigenic properties of this natural ligand.
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MESH Headings
- Arginine/chemistry
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Databases, Factual
- HLA-B Antigens/chemistry
- Humans
- Ligands
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Methylation
- Peptides/chemistry
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yagüe
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, Spain
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79
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Comer FI, Hart GW. O-Glycosylation of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. Dynamic interplay between O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:29179-82. [PMID: 10924527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r000010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F I Comer
- Graduate Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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80
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Yagüe J, Alvarez I, Rognan D, Ramos M, Vázquez J, de Castro JAL. An N-acetylated natural ligand of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B39. Classical major histocompatibility complex class I proteins bind peptides with a blocked NH(2) terminus in vivo. J Exp Med 2000; 191:2083-92. [PMID: 10859333 PMCID: PMC2193201 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.12.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-independent interactions involving the free peptidic NH(2) terminus are thought to be an essential feature of peptide binding to classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. Challenging this paradigm, a natural Nalpha-acetylated ligand of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B39 was identified in this study. It matched the NH(2)-terminal sequence of two human helicases, was resistant to aminopeptidase M, and was produced with high yield from a synthetic 30 mer with the sequence of the putative parental protein by the 20S proteasome. This is the first reported natural ligand of classical MHC class I antigens that has a blocked NH(2) terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Yagüe
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Alvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Rognan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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81
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Andersen MH, Bonfill JE, Neisig A, Arsequell G, Søndergaard I, Neefjes J, Zeuthen J, Elliott T, Haurum JS. Phosphorylated Peptides Can Be Transported by TAP Molecules, Presented by Class I MHC Molecules, and Recognized by Phosphopeptide-Specific CTL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CTL recognize short peptide fragments presented by class I MHC molecules. In this study, we examined the effect of phosphorylation on TAP transport, binding to class I MHC molecules, and recognition by CTL of peptide fragments from known phosphorylated oncogene proteins or virus phosphoproteins. We show that phosphopeptides can be efficiently transported from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation can have a neutral, negative, or even a positive effect on peptide binding to class I MHC. Finally, we have generated phosphopeptide-specific CTL that discriminate between the phosphorylated and the nonphosphorylated versions of the peptide. We conclude that phosphopeptide-specific CTL responses are likely to constitute a subset of the class I MHC-restricted CTL repertoire in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Hald Andersen
- *Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- †Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jordi Espuny Bonfill
- ‡Unit for Glycoconjugate Chemistry, CID-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Neisig
- §The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- ‡Unit for Glycoconjugate Chemistry, CID-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ib Søndergaard
- †Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- §The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jesper Zeuthen
- *Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Elliott
- ¶Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Haurum
- *Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- ¶Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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