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Paşcu EI, Stokes J, McGuinness GB. Electrospun composites of PHBV, silk fibroin and nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4905-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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52
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Chaisri P, Chingsungnoen A, Siri S. Repetitive Arg-Gly-Asp peptide as a cell-stimulating agent on electrospun poly(ϵ-caprolactone) scaffold for tissue engineering. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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53
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Kharaziha M, Fathi M, Edris H. Development of novel aligned nanofibrous composite membranes for guided bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 24:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Goonoo N, Bhaw-Luximon A, Bowlin GL, Jhurry D. An assessment of biopolymer- and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds for bone and vascular tissue engineering. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond; Virginia USA
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
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Ergun A, Yu X, Valdevit A, Ritter A, Kalyon DM. Radially and axially graded multizonal bone graft substitutes targeting critical-sized bone defects from polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2426-36. [PMID: 22764839 PMCID: PMC3501112 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of critical sized defects via the utilization of polymeric bone graft substitutes are challenges. Here, we introduce radially and axially graded multizonal bone graft substitutes fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL), and PCL biocomposites with osteoconductive particles, that is, hydroxyapatite (HA), and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The novel bone graft substitutes should provide a greater degree of freedom to the orthopedic surgeon especially for repair of critically sized bone defects. The modulus of the graft substitute could be tailored in the axial direction upon the systematic variation of the HA/TCP concentration, while in the radial direction the bone graft substitute consisted of an outer layer with high stiffness, encapsulating a softer core with greater porosity. The biocompatibility of the bone graft substitutes was investigated using in vitro culturing of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells followed by the analysis of cell proliferation and differentiation rates. The characterization of the tissue constructs included the enzymatic alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity, microcomputed tomography imaging, and polymerase chain reaction analysis involving the expressions of bone markers, that is, Runx2, ALP, collagen type I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin, overall demonstrating the differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) via osteogenic lineage and formation of mineralized bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ergun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Antonio Valdevit
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Arthur Ritter
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Dilhan M. Kalyon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
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In vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-caprolactone)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8363-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Frohbergh ME, Katsman A, Botta GP, Lazarovici P, Schauer CL, Wegst UGK, Lelkes PI. Electrospun hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan nanofibers crosslinked with genipin for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9167-78. [PMID: 23022346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects remains problematic in orthopedic and craniofacial clinical practice. Autografts are limited in supply and are associated with donor site morbidity while other materials show poor integration with the host's own bone. This lack of integration is often due to the absence of periosteum, the outer layer of bone that contains osteoprogenitor cells and is critical for the growth and remodeling of bone tissue. In this study we developed a one-step platform to electrospin nanofibrous scaffolds from chitosan, which also contain hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and are crosslinked with genipin. We hypothesized that the resulting composite scaffolds represent a microenvironment that emulates the physical, mineralized structure and mechanical properties of non-weight bearing bone extracellular matrix while promoting osteoblast differentiation and maturation similar to the periosteum. The ultrastructure and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were studied using scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. The average fiber diameters of the electrospun scaffolds were 227 ± 154 nm as spun, and increased to 335 ± 119 nm after crosslinking with genipin. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic features of hydroxyapatite in the composite chitosan fibers. The Young's modulus of the composite fibrous scaffolds was 142 ± 13 MPa, which is similar to that of the natural periosteum. Both pure chitosan scaffolds and composite hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan scaffolds supported adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse 7F2 osteoblast-like cells. Expression and enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase, an early osteogenic marker, were higher in cells cultured on the composite scaffolds as compared to pure chitosan scaffolds, reaching a significant, 2.4 fold, difference by day 14 (p < 0.05). Similarly, cells cultured on hydroxyapatite-containing scaffolds had the highest rate of osteonectin mRNA expression over 2 weeks, indicating enhanced osteoinductivity of the composite scaffolds. Our results suggest that crosslinking electrospun hydroxyapatite-containing chitosan with genipin yields bio-composite scaffolds, which combine non-weight-bearing bone mechanical properties with a periosteum-like environment. Such scaffolds will facilitate the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of osteoblast-like cells. We propose that these scaffolds might be useful for the repair and regeneration of maxillofacial defects and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Frohbergh
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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58
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The use of an electrostatic lens to enhance the efficiency of the electrospinning process. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:815-26. [PMID: 22287045 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds manufactured using conventional electrospinning configurations have an intrinsic thickness limitation, due to a charge build-up at the collector. To overcome this limitation, an electrostatic lens has been developed that, at the same relative rate of deposition, focuses the polymer jet onto a smaller area of the collector, resulting in the fabrication of thick scaffolds within a shorter period of time. We also observed that a longer deposition time (up to 13 h, without the intervention of the operator) could be achieved when the electrostatic lens was utilised, compared to 9–10 h with a conventional processing set-up and also showed that fibre fusion was less likely to occur in the modified method. This had a significant impact on the mechanical properties, as the scaffolds obtained with the conventional process had a higher elastic modulus and ultimate stress and strain at short times. However, as the thickness of the scaffolds produced by the conventional electrospinning process increased, a 3-fold decrease in the mechanical properties was observed. This was in contrast to the modified method, which showed a continual increase in mechanical properties, with the properties of the scaffold finally having similar mechanical properties to the scaffolds obtained via the conventional process at longer times. This “focusing” device thus enabled the fabrication of thicker 3-dimensional electrospun scaffolds (of thicknesses up to 3.5 mm), representing an important step towards the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering large defect sites in a multitude of tissues.
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Fujikura K, Obata A, Lin S, Jones JR, Law RV, Kasuga T. Preparation of Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Hybrids Containing Siloxane-Doped Vaterite Particles for Bone Regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1369-80. [DOI: 10.1163/092050611x582867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kie Fujikura
- a Department of Frontier Materials , Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku , Nagoya , 466-8555 , Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- a Department of Frontier Materials , Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku , Nagoya , 466-8555 , Japan
| | - Sen Lin
- a Department of Frontier Materials , Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku , Nagoya , 466-8555 , Japan
| | - Julian R. Jones
- b Department of Materials , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Robert V. Law
- c Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- a Department of Frontier Materials , Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku , Nagoya , 466-8555 , Japan
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Lee J, Lee SY, Jang J, Jeong YH, Cho DW. Fabrication of patterned nanofibrous mats using direct-write electrospinning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7267-7275. [PMID: 22512407 DOI: 10.1021/la3009249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the numerous advantages of nanofibers, there is a strong demand in various fields for nanofibrous structures fabricated by electrospinning. However, the process is currently beset by troublesome limitations with respect to geometric and morphological control of electrospun nanofibrous mats. This study presents a direct-write electrospinning process and apparatus with improved focusing and scanning functionalities for the fabrication of various patterned thick mats and nanofibrous patterns with high geometric fidelity, supported by a number of experimental results. Consequently, various patterned nanofibrous mats were fabricated using the developed method. Additionally, the fabricated mat was successfully used for cell patterning as a bioengineering application. The proposed method is expected to significantly improve the properties and functionalities of nanofibrous mats in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwan Lee
- Graduate School of Knowledge-Based Technology & Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, Gyeonggi 429-793, South Korea
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61
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Zou B, Liu Y, Luo X, Chen F, Guo X, Li X. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds with continuous gradations in mineral contents and biological cues for manipulating cellular behaviors. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1576-85. [PMID: 22266030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Challenges remain in the generation of heterogeneous tissues and the repairing of interfacial tissue between soft and hard tissues. The development of tissue engineering scaffolds with gradients in composition, structure, mechanical and chemical properties is essential to modulate cellular behaviors in a graded way and potentially support the growth of functionally graded tissues. Integrated with the three-dimensional (3-D) nanofibrous skeletal structure of native extracellular matrix, electrospun fibers with gradients in amino groups were generated in the current study through an aminolysis process by using a microinfusion pump. Gelatin grafts were constructed to create fibrous scaffolds with gradients in hydroxyapatite (HA) contents, crystal size and mechanical properties through in situ mineralization. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) was included during the mineralization process, and gradations in pDNA loading contents were created on fibrous scaffolds on the basis of HA gradients. Obvious gradients in cell density, osteoblastic differentiation and collagen deposition were demonstrated along the long axis of fibrous mats after cell seeding. Gradients in the amount of pDNA released and the expression of target proteins were indicated on the fibrous mats, which offered a temporally and spatially controlled delivery of growth factors in scaffolds. The creation of gradient futures on 3-D fibrous scaffolds may provide physical, chemical and biological cues and result in efficient regeneration of tissues with spatial distributions of the cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix secretion.
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62
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Andukuri A, Vines JB, Anderson JM, Jun HW. Supramolecular Systems for Tissue Engineering. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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63
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Szpalski C, Wetterau M, Barr J, Warren SM. Bone tissue engineering: current strategies and techniques--part I: Scaffolds. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:246-57. [PMID: 22029448 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone repair and regeneration is a dynamic process that involves a complex interplay between the (1) ground substance, (2) cells, and (3) milieu. While each constituent is integral to the final product, it is often helpful to consider each component individually. Therefore, we created a two-part review to examine scaffolds and cells' roles in bone tissue engineering. In Part I, we review the myriad of materials use for in vivo bone engineering. In Part II, we discuss the variety cell types (e.g., osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and vasculogenic cells) that are seeded upon or recruited to these scaffolds. In Part III, we discuss the optimization of the microenvironment. The biochemical processes and sequence of events that guide matrix production, cellular activation, and ossification are vital to developing successful bone tissue engineering strategies and are thus succinctly reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Szpalski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratory, New York, New York, USA
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64
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Gupta KK, Kundan A, Mishra PK, Srivastava P, Mohanty S, Singh NK, Mishra A, Maiti P. Retracted Article: Polycaprolactone composites with TiO2 for potential nanobiomaterials: tunable properties using different phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12844-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles of different phases play a key role in property alteration of nanocomposite fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Akshay Kundan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pradeep K. Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi-110029
- India
| | - Narendra K. Singh
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Abhinay Mishra
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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65
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Phipps MC, Clem WC, Grunda JM, Clines GA, Bellis SL. Increasing the pore sizes of bone-mimetic electrospun scaffolds comprised of polycaprolactone, collagen I and hydroxyapatite to enhance cell infiltration. Biomaterials 2011; 33:524-34. [PMID: 22014462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone-mimetic electrospun scaffolds consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL), collagen I and nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite (HA) have previously been shown to support the adhesion, integrin-related signaling and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), suggesting these matrices serve as promising degradable substrates for osteoregeneration. However, the small pore sizes in electrospun scaffolds hinder cell infiltration in vitro and tissue-ingrowth into the scaffold in vivo, limiting their clinical potential. In this study, three separate techniques were evaluated for their capability to increase the pore size of the PCL/col I/nanoHA scaffolds: limited protease digestion, decreasing the fiber packing density during electrospinning, and inclusion of sacrificial fibers of the water-soluble polymer PEO. The PEO sacrificial fiber approach was found to be the most effective in increasing scaffold pore size. Furthermore, the use of sacrificial fibers promoted increased MSC infiltration into the scaffolds, as well as greater infiltration of endogenous cells within bone upon placement of scaffolds within calvarial organ cultures. These collective findings support the use of sacrificial PEO fibers as a means to increase the porosity of complex, bone-mimicking electrospun scaffolds, thereby enhancing tissue regenerative processes that depend upon cell infiltration, such as vascularization and replacement of the scaffold with native bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Phipps
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, United States
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66
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Sasmazel HT. Novel hybrid scaffolds for the cultivation of osteoblast cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:838-46. [PMID: 21839769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, natural biodegradable polysaccharide, chitosan, and synthetic biodegradable polymer, poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) were used to prepare 3D, hybrid polymeric tissue scaffolds (PCL/chitosan blend and PCL/chitosan/PCL layer by layer scaffolds) by using the electrospinning technique. The hybrid scaffolds were developed through HA addition to accelerate osteoblast cell growth. Characteristic examinations of the scaffolds were performed by micrometer, SEM, contact angle measurement system, ATR-FTIR, tensile machine and swelling experiments. The thickness of all electrospun scaffolds was determined in the range of 0.010±0.001-0.012±0.002 mm. In order to optimize electrospinning processes, suitable bead-free and uniform scaffolds were selected by using SEM images. Blending of PCL with chitosan resulted in better hydrophilicity for the PCL/chitosan scaffolds. The characteristic peaks of PCL and chitosan in the blend and layer by layer nanofibers were observed. The PCL/chitosan/PCL layer by layer structure had higher elastic modulus and tensile strength values than both individual PCL and chitosan structures. The layer by layer scaffolds exhibited the PBS absorption values of 184.2; 197.2% which were higher than those of PCL scaffolds but lower than those of PCL/chitosan blend scaffolds. SaOs-2 osteosarcoma cell culture studies showed that the highest ALP activities belonged to novel PCL/chitosan/PCL layer by layer scaffolds meaning better cell differentiation on the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atilim University, Incek, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey.
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67
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Gümüşderelioğlu M, Dalkıranoğlu S, Aydın RST, Çakmak S. A novel dermal substitute based on biofunctionalized electrospun PCL nanofibrous matrix. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:461-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
One of the major challenges for bone tissue engineering is the production of a suitable scaffold material. In this review the currently available composite material options are considered and the methods of production and assessing the scaffolds are also discussed. The production routes range from the use of porogens to produce the porosity through to controlled deposition methods. The testing regimes include mechanical testing of the produced materials through to in vivo testing of the scaffolds. While the ideal scaffold material has not yet been produced, progress is being made.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Tanner
- School of Engineering, James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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69
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Optimized electro- and wet-spinning techniques for the production of polymeric fibrous scaffolds loaded with bisphosphonate and hydroxyapatite. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:253-63. [DOI: 10.1002/term.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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70
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Nirmala R, Navamathavan R, Kang HS, El-Newehy MH, Kim HY. Preparation of polyamide-6/chitosan composite nanofibers by a single solvent system via electrospinning for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 83:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Phipps MC, Clem WC, Catledge SA, Xu Y, Hennessy KM, Thomas V, Jablonsky MJ, Chowdhury S, Stanishevsky AV, Vohra YK, Bellis SL. Mesenchymal stem cell responses to bone-mimetic electrospun matrices composed of polycaprolactone, collagen I and nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16813. [PMID: 21346817 PMCID: PMC3035635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of biomaterials designed for bone repair depends, in part, on the ability of the material to support the adhesion and survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, a nanofibrous bone-mimicking scaffold was electrospun from a mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL), collagen I, and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles with a dry weight ratio of 50/30/20 respectively (PCL/col/HA). The cytocompatibility of this tri-component scaffold was compared with three other scaffold formulations: 100% PCL (PCL), 100% collagen I (col), and a bi-component scaffold containing 80% PCL/20% HA (PCL/HA). Scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent live cell imaging, and MTS assays showed that MSCs adhered to the PCL, PCL/HA and PCL/col/HA scaffolds, however more rapid cell spreading and significantly greater cell proliferation was observed for MSCs on the tri-component bone-mimetic scaffolds. In contrast, the col scaffolds did not support cell spreading or survival, possibly due to the low tensile modulus of this material. PCL/col/HA scaffolds adsorbed a substantially greater quantity of the adhesive proteins, fibronectin and vitronectin, than PCL or PCL/HA following in vitro exposure to serum, or placement into rat tibiae, which may have contributed to the favorable cell responses to the tri-component substrates. In addition, cells seeded onto PCL/col/HA scaffolds showed markedly increased levels of phosphorylated FAK, a marker of integrin activation and a signaling molecule known to be important for directing cell survival and osteoblastic differentiation. Collectively these results suggest that electrospun bone-mimetic matrices serve as promising degradable substrates for bone regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Phipps
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - William C. Clem
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shane A. Catledge
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kristin M. Hennessy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Jablonsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shafiul Chowdhury
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Andrei V. Stanishevsky
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yogesh K. Vohra
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SLB); (YKV)
| | - Susan L. Bellis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SLB); (YKV)
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Wang J, Shah A, Yu X. The influence of fiber thickness, wall thickness and gap distance on the spiral nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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73
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Multiscale Homogenization Theory: An Analysis Tool for Revealing Mechanical Design Principles in Bone and Bone Replacement Materials. BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS, BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11934-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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74
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Culpepper BK, Phipps MC, Bonvallet PP, Bellis SL. Enhancement of peptide coupling to hydroxyapatite and implant osseointegration through collagen mimetic peptide modified with a polyglutamate domain. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9586-94. [PMID: 21035181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely-used biomaterial for bone repair due to its high degree of osteoconductivity. However, strategies for improving HA performance by functionalizing surfaces with bioactive factors are limited. In this study, we explored the use of a HA-binding domain (heptaglutamate, "E7") to facilitate coupling of the collagen mimetic peptide, DGEA, to two types of HA-containing materials, solid HA disks and electrospun polycaprolactone matrices incorporating nanoparticulate HA. We found that the E7 domain directed significantly more peptide to the surface of HA and enhanced peptide retention on both materials in vitro. Moreover, E7-modified peptides were retained in vivo for at least two months, highlighting the potential of this mechanism as a sustained delivery system for bioactive peptides. Most importantly, E7-DGEA-coupled HA, as compared with DGEA-HA, enhanced the adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and also increased new bone formation and direct bone-implant contact on HA disks implanted into rat tibiae. Collectively, these results support the use of E7-DGEA peptides to promote osteogenesis on HA substrates, and further suggest that the E7 domain can serve as a universal tool for anchoring a wide variety of bone regenerative molecules to any type of HA-containing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Culpepper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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75
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Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ramakrishna S. Bio-functionalized PCL nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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76
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Lim YC, Johnson J, Fei Z, Wu Y, Farson DF, Lannutti JJ, Choi HW, Lee LJ. Micropatterning and characterization of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofiber tissue scaffolds by femtosecond laser ablation for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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77
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Nirmala R, Nam KT, Navamathavan R, Park SJ, Kim HY. Hydroxyapatite Mineralization on the Calcium Chloride Blended Polyurethane Nanofiber via Biomimetic Method. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 6:2. [PMID: 21711574 PMCID: PMC3102341 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane nanofibers containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) were prepared via an electrospinning technique for the biomedical applications. Polyurethane nanofibers with different concentration of CaCl2 were electrospun, and their bioactivity evaluation was conducted by incubating in biomimetic simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The morphology, structure and thermal properties of the polyurethane/CaCl2 composite nanofibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. SEM images revealed that the CaCl2 salt incorporated homogeneously to form well-oriented nanofibers with smooth surface and uniform diameters along their lengths. The SBF incubation test confirmed the formation of apatite-like materials, exhibiting enhanced bioactive behavior of the polyurethane/CaCl2 composite nanofibers. This study demonstrated that the electrospun polyurethane containing CaCl2 composite nanofibers enhanced the in vitro bioactivity and supports the growth of apatite-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nirmala
- Center for Healthcare Technology and Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561 756, South Korea.
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78
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Beachley V, Wen X. Polymer nanofibrous structures: Fabrication, biofunctionalization, and cell interactions. Prog Polym Sci 2010; 35:868-892. [PMID: 20582161 PMCID: PMC2889711 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix fibers (ECM) such as collagen, elastin, and keratin provide biological and physical support for cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation and ultimately cell fate. Therefore, ECM fibers are an important component in tissue and organ development and regeneration. Meanwhile, polymer nanofibers could play the same critical role in tissue regeneration process. Fibrous structures can be fabricated from a variety of materials and methods with diameters ranging throughout the size scale where cells can sense individual fibers (several nanometers to several microns). Polymer nanofiber scaffolds can be designed in a way that predictably modulates a variety of important cell behaviors towards a desired overall function. The nanofibrous topography itself, independent of the fiber material, has demonstrated the potential to modulate cell behaviors desirable in tissue engineering such as: unidirectional alignment; increased viability, attachment, and ECM production; guided migration; and controlled differentiation. The versatility of polymer nanofibers for functionalization with biomolecules opens the door to vast opportunities for the design of tissue engineering scaffolds with even greater control over cell incorporation and function. Despite the promise of polymer nanofibers as tissue engineering scaffolds there have been few clinically relevant successes because no single fabrication technique currently combines control over structural arrangement, material composition, and biofunctionalization, while maintaining reasonable cost and yield. Promising strategies are currently being investigated to allow for the fabrication of optimal polymer nanofiber tissue engineering scaffolds with the goal of treating damaged and degenerated tissues in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Beachley
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering program; Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering program; Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical university of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nano Biomedicine (iNANO), Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
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79
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Kim IA, Rhee SH. Effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradability on the apatite-forming capacity of electrospun PLGA/SiO(2)-CaO nonwoven composite fabrics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:218-26. [PMID: 20091921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradability on the apatite-forming ability of electrospun PLGA/SiO(2)-CaO gel composite fabric. Two PLGA copolymer compositions with low and high degradability were used in experiments. A nonwoven polymer/ceramic composite fabric composed of randomly mixed microsized biodegradable PLGA fibers and nanosized bioactive SiO(2)-CaO gel fibers was prepared using a simultaneous electrospinning method. A 17 wt.% PLGA solution was prepared using 1,1,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol as a solvent, while the SiO(2)-CaO gel solution was prepared via a condensation reaction following hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate under acidic conditions. PLGA and SiO(2)-CaO gel solutions were spun simultaneously with two separate nozzles under electric fields of 1 and 2 kV/cm using two syringe pumps with flow rates of 7.5 and 5 mL/h, respectively. As controls, low and high degradable PLGA and SiO(2)-CaO gel nonwoven fabrics were also made by the same methods. The five nonwoven fabrics that were produced were exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week. SBF exposure resulted in the deposition of a layer of apatite crystals on the surfaces of both the SiO(2)-CaO gel and the low degradable PLGA/SiO(2)-CaO gel composite fabrics, but not on the low and high degradable PLGA or the high degradable PLGA/SiO(2)-CaO gel composite fabrics. The results are explained in terms of the acidity of the PLGA degradation products, which could have a direct influence on apatite dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ae Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 HLS, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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80
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Yang X, Yang F, Walboomers XF, Bian Z, Fan M, Jansen JA. The performance of dental pulp stem cells on nanofibrous PCL/gelatin/nHA scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:247-57. [PMID: 19557787 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of current study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo behavior of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded on electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin scaffolds with or without the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). For the in vitro evaluation, DNA content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OC) measurement showed that the scaffolds supported DPSC adhesion, proliferation, and odontoblastic differentiation. Moreover, the presence of nHA upregulated ALP activity and promoted OC expression. Real-time PCR data confirmed these results. SEM micrographs qualitatively confirmed the proliferation and mineralization characteristics of DPSCs on both scaffolds. Subsequently, both scaffolds seeded with DPSCs were subcutaneously implanted into immunocompromised nude mice. Scaffolds with nHA but without cells were implanted as control. Histological evaluation revealed that all implants were surrounded by a thin fibrous tissue capsule without any adverse effects. The cell/scaffold composites showed obvious in vivo hard tissue formation, but there was no sign of tissue ingrowth. Further, the combination of nHA in scaffolds did upregulate the expression of specific odontogenic genes. In conclusion, the incorporation of nHA in nanofibers indeed enhanced DPSCs differentiation towards an odontoblast-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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81
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Sturm S, Zhou S, Mai YW, Li Q. On stiffness of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering-a numerical study. J Biomech 2010; 43:1738-44. [PMID: 20227080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds are typically designed and fabricated to match native bone properties. However, it is unclear if this would lead to the best tissue ingrowth outcome within the scaffold as neo-tissue keeps changing the stiffness of entire construct. This paper presents a numerical method to address this issue for design optimization and assessment of tissue scaffolds. The elasticity tensors of two different types of bones are weighted by different multipliers before being used as the targets in scaffold design. A cost function regarding the difference between the effective elasticity tensor, calculated by the homogenization technique, and the target tensor, is minimized by using topology optimization procedure. It is found that different stiffnesses can lead to different remodeling results. The comparison confirms that bone remodeling is at its best when the scaffold elastic tensor matches or is slightly higher than the elastic properties of the host bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sturm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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82
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Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite Sol Into Collagen Gel to Regulate the Contraction Mediated by Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2010; 9:1-11. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2009.2034654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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83
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Asran AS, Henning S, Michler GH. Polyvinyl alcohol–collagen–hydroxyapatite biocomposite nanofibrous scaffold: Mimicking the key features of natural bone at the nanoscale level. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Jose MV, Thomas V, Xu Y, Bellis S, Nyairo E, Dean D. Aligned Bioactive Multi-Component Nanofibrous Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:433-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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85
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Arumuganathar S, Suter N, Walzel P, Jayasinghe SN. Aerodynamically assisted jetting and threading for processing concentrated suspensions containing advanced structural, functional and biological materials. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:64-72. [PMID: 19039780 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years material sciences have been interpreted right across the physical and the life sciences. Essentially this discipline broadly addresses the materials, processing, and/or fabrication right up to the structure. The materials and structures areas can range from the micro- to the nanometre scale and, in a materials sense, span from the structural, functional to the most complex, namely biological (living cells). It is generally recognised that the processing or fabrication is fundamental in bridging the materials with their structures. In a global perspective, processing has not only contributed to the materials sciences but its very nature has bridged the physical with the life sciences. In this review we discuss one such swiftly emerging fabrication approach having a plethora of applications spanning the physical and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumathy Arumuganathar
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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86
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Nisbet DR, Rodda AE, Finkelstein DI, Horne MK, Forsythe JS, Shen W. Surface and bulk characterisation of electrospun membranes: Problems and improvements. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 71:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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87
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McCullen SD, Zhu Y, Bernacki SH, Narayan RJ, Pourdeyhimi B, Gorga RE, Loboa EG. Electrospun composite poly(L-lactic acid)/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds induce proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:035002. [PMID: 19390143 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of tissue-engineered bone constructs has recently focused on the use of electrospun composite scaffolds seeded with stem cells from various source tissues. In this study, we fabricated electrospun composite scaffolds consisting of beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) crystals and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) at varying loading levels of TCP (0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) and assessed the composite scaffolds' material properties and ability to induce proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in the presence of osteogenic differentiating medium. The electrospun scaffolds all exhibited a nonwoven structure with an interconnected porous network. With the addition of TCP, the fiber diameter increased with each treatment ranging from 503.39 +/- 20.31 nm for 0 wt% TCP to 1267.36 +/- 59.03 nm for 20 wt% TCP. Tensile properties of the composite scaffolds were assessed and the overall tensile strength of the neat scaffold (0 wt% TCP) was 847 +/- 89.43 kPA; the addition of TCP significantly decreased this value to an average of 350.83 +/- 38.57 kPa. As the electrospun composite scaffolds degraded in vitro, TCP was released into the medium with the largest release occurring within the first 6 days. Human ASCs were able to adhere, proliferate and osteogenically differentiate on all scaffold combinations. DNA content increased in a temporal manner for each scaffold over 18 days in culture although for the day 12 timepoint, the 10 wt% TCP scaffold induced the greatest hASC proliferation. Endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced on the composite PLA/TCP scaffolds compared to the PLA control particularly by day 18. It was noted that at the highest TCP loading levels of 10 and 20 wt%, there was a dramatic increase in the amount of cell-mediated mineralization compared to the 5 wt% TCP and the neat PLA scaffold. This work suggests that local environment cues provided by the biochemical nature of the scaffold can accelerate the overall osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and encourage rapid ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D McCullen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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88
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Electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 922] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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89
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Abstract
Electrospinning has been exploited for almost one century to process polymers and related materials into nanofibers with controllable compositions, diameters, porosities, and porous structures for a variety of applications. Owing to its high porosity and large surface area, a non-woven mat of electrospun nanofibers can serve as an ideal scaffold to mimic the extracellular matrix for cell attachment and nutrient transportation. The nanofiber itself can also be functionalized through encapsulation or attachment of bioactive species such as extracellular matrix proteins, enzymes, and growth factors. In addition, the nanofibers can be further assembled into a variety of arrays or architectures by manipulating their alignment, stacking, or folding. All these attributes make electrospinning a powerful tool for generating nanostructured materials for a range of biomedical applications that include controlled release, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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90
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Zhang Y, Venugopal JR, El-Turki A, Ramakrishna S, Su B, Lim CT. Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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91
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Erisken C, Kalyon DM, Wang H. Functionally graded electrospun polycaprolactone and β-tricalcium phosphate nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4065-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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92
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Thomas V, Zhang X, Catledge SA, Vohra YK. Functionally graded electrospun scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties for vascular tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2007; 2:224-32. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/2/4/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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